#敬語

[anza-langblr]

改まった形｜Polite Forms

In formal settings like in a business meeting or at a public gathering some words are switched with politer forms. You often hear them when somebody is giving a speech, holding a presentation or on TV. But they appear in written form as well, especially in business context. Basically, everywhere where keigo is used, it is also expected to apply politer forms.

#文法 #敬語 #japanese langblr #langblr #studyblr #study movitation #learning japanese #japanese vocabulary #japan #japanese #study blog #study notes #language blog #keigo #japanese studyblr #japanese grammar #japanese language #日本語 #日本語の勉強 #nihongo

[moznohayanie]

仕事でメールするときに見るやつです

そろそろ研修期間も終わる新社会人のみなさまへ、"謹んで”🎵

#敬語 #言いかえ #my post

[tokidokitokyo]

謙譲語 - Humble Keigo

敬語 (けいご・keigo) is respectful speech in Japanese. 敬語 is based in the social hierarchy that has carried over into modern Japanese society from ancient times. There are three forms of 敬語 - teineigo, sonkeigo, and kenjougo.

謙譲語 (けんじょうご・kenjougo) is humble Japanese. This style is used when referring to yourself, or to someone in your inner circle - like your family, your colleagues, etc. This style should be used when you are speaking to someone of higher social rank when describing your actions or the actions of someone in your inner circle. You must never use this style to refer to someone who is not in your inner circle or to refer to the person you are talking to.

Regular Kenjougo Verb Forms

To create the humble form of most verbs, add the prefix お to the stem form of the verb and add する to the end.

Polite Form → Humble Form

Verb-stem + ます → お + Verb-stem + します

待ちます → お待ちします (おまちします)　to wait

教えます → お教えします (おおしえします)　to teach

書きます → お書きします (おかきします)　to write

Irregular Kenjougo Verb Forms

Plain Form → Humble Form

行く (いく)・来る (くる) → 参ります (まいります)　to go/to come

いる → おります　to be

食べる (たべる)・飲む (のむ) → いただきます　to eat/to drink

言う (いう) → ［意見を］申し上げます (［いけんを］もうしあげます)　to say (one's opinion)

言う (いう) → ［名前と］申します (［なまえと］もうします)　to be called (name)

見る (みる) → 拝見します (はいけんします)　to see

する → いたします　to do

知っている (しっている) → ［今日会議があることを］存じております (［きょうかいぎがあることを］ぞんじております)　to know (something)

知っている (しっている) → ［社長を］知っております (［しゃちょうを］しっております)　to know (someone)

あげる → さしあげます　to give

もらいます → いただきます　to receive

思う (おもう) → 存じる (ぞんじる)　to think/to feel

聞く (きく) → 伺う (うかがう)　to ask/to listen

会う (あう) → お目にかかります (おめにかかります)　to meet

読む (よむ) → 拝読します (はいどくします)　to read

～ている → ～ております　Verb -ing (ongoing action, state, repetition)

Other Humble Forms

です → でございます　copula

人 (ひと) → 者 (もの)　person

丁重語 - Courteous Language

In addition to 謙譲語 there is also 丁重語 (ていちょうご・teichougo), or courteous language, which is humble language in which an action or object is not directed toward the listener or a third party, but when you are speaking to someone with whom you wish to be very polite.

Because these phrases are associated with being humble, they are listed above but I am also grouping them here.

おります　to be

参ります (まいります)　to go/to come

いたします　to do

いただきます　to receive/to eat/to drink

申します (もうします)　to say, to be called

存じております (ぞんじております)　to know

Example Sentences

I am Sakura. Normal: さくらです。 謙譲語: さくらと申します。

I read this book. Normal: この本を読みました。 謙譲語: この本を拝読しました。

The train is arriving. Normal: 電車が来ます。 謙譲語: 電車が参ります。

See also: Basic Keigo, Polite Keigo, Honorific Keigo

#日本語 #japanese #japanese language #japanese langblr #langblr #studyblr #japanese studies #敬語 #謙譲語 #keigo #polite japanese #honorific japanese #humble japanese #beginning japanese #japanese for beginners #intermediate japanese #tokidokitokyo #tdtstudy #敬語④

[nihongoseito]

how to form basic verbs in keigo / 敬語の動詞の形

n.b.: if you don’t know the difference between 尊敬語 (sonkeigo) and 謙譲語 (kenjougo), or much about 敬語 (keigo) in general, i recommend a quick google search or glancing over an article like this one! also, i won’t be glossing any kanji, bc i’m lazy ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

みなさん、お久しぶりですね！ today i’m going to guide you guys through the verb forms for japanese 敬語. 敬語 can be pretty tricky, but the rules for forming 敬語 verbs (like many rules in japanese) are actually quite consistent. 

there are three 尊敬語 (honorific) forms i’m going to go over today: the Vください form, the Vになります form, and the “simple 尊敬語” form. i’ll also give a brief list of verbs that have specific forms in 尊敬語. after that, i’ll go over one 謙譲語 (humble) form, the Vします form, and then a list of 謙譲語-specific verb forms. さて、行きましょう！

尊敬語：お・ごVください

this form is used to say “please” to a superior, but it doesn’t use the 〜て form like in 丁寧語. here’s how to form it with ichidan, godan, and する verbs.

ichidan/godan verbs: おVますください

かける → かけます → ソファにおかけください

入る → 入ります → どうぞお入りください

する verbs: ごNするください

注意する → 閉まるドアにご注意ください

尊敬語：おVになります

this form is used as a more formal replacement for the usual Vます form, but shouldn’t be used with する verbs* OR verbs that have special forms in 敬語 (see below).

ichidan/godan verbs: おVますになります

書く → 書きます → この教科書は鈴木先生がお書きになりました

帰る → 帰ります → 何時にお帰りになりましたか

する verbs: ❌*

❌ ご説明になりました*

⭕️ 説明なさいました・説明されました (see below)

*according to the textbook i’m using (see sources), these are incorrect. however, i have seen some posts online that say ごNになります is an acceptable form, so it’s not impossible you’ll see it in the wild (perhaps the times they are a-changing?).

尊敬語：簡単尊敬語 (aka the “active passive”)

have you ever seen a japanese verb in the passive and said to yourself, “actually that makes no sense at all”? it was probably one of these “simple 尊敬語” forms! they are used like the active voice but written like the passive, so you have to tell the difference from context. also, they are NOT used with ください.

ichidan verbs: Vないられます

食べる → 食べない → 刺身を食べられますか

godan verbs: Vないれます

読む  →  読まない → 今朝の新聞を読まれましたか

する verbs: Nするされます

紹介する → 先生が新しい学生を紹介されました

ください form: ❌

❌ 英語で話されてください

⭕️ 英語でお話しください

this form is not quite as formal as おVになります, and it comes across as a little more friendly or “気軽,” so be careful when you use it. it might be more appropriate to use with strangers, for example, than with your boss.

尊敬語： verbs with special forms

some verbs are actually completely different in 敬語, for reasons probably more complicated than i care to find out (lol). here is a list of some common ones for 尊敬語!

行きます・来ます・います → いらっしゃいます・おいでになります

言います → おっしゃいます

見ます → ご覧になります

飲みます・食べます → 召し上がります

知っています → ご存知です

します → なさいます

くれます → くださいます

寝ます → お休みになります

着ます → お召しになります

住んでいます → お住まいです

死にました → お亡くなりになりました

です → でいらっしゃいます

謙譲語：お・ごVします

when speaking about your own actions to a superior, you can use this 謙譲語 form to be more humble and formal than you would be using Vます. this form isn’t used with verbs with special 謙譲語 forms.

ichidan/godan verbs: おVますします

届ける → 届けます → この書類をお届けします

持つ → 持ちます → 社長の荷物をお持ちします

する verbs: ごNします

説明する → 先生に新しいパソコンの使い方をご説明します

a quick note about this form: generally when using 謙譲語, it is common to omit 私が at the beginning of sentences/phrases, since you are already referring to yourself by using humble language anyway.

謙譲語： verbs with special forms

just like with 尊敬語, 謙譲語 has verbs whose forms change entirely. here are some of the most common ones!

行きます・来ます → 参ります・伺います

います → おります

言います → 申します (in 自己紹介)・申し上げます

見ます → 拝見します

飲みます・食べます → いただきます

知っています → 存じております (thing)・存じ上げております (person)

思います → 存じます

します → いたします

あげます → 差し上げます

もらいます → いただきます

会います → お会いします・お目にかかります

聞きます → お聞きします・伺います

あります → ございます

です → でございます

sources

the examples in this post are mostly taken from the textbook 新にほんご敬語トレーニング, which i have started working with recently! expect more 敬語-related posts in the future :D

#keigo #敬語 #日本語 #japanese #japanese grammar #grammar #vocab #sasha.txt

[yaasita]

#敬語

[moko1590m]

腫れ物に触るような会話 日本語会話 過剰敬語

#敬語 #腫れ物 #日本語 #会話

[extracts-sheep]

リンク: https://meetscareer.tenshoku.mynavi.jp/ を含む

"特に敬語に関する言葉では、こういうことはよくあるんです。それまで何の支障もなく使われていた言葉が、いつの間にか、誰が言い出すともなく失礼と見なされる。専門家は「敬意漸減（ぜんげん）の法則」などと呼んでいます。漸減、つまり少しずつ敬意がすり減ってくるわけですね。"

https://meetscareer.tenshoku.mynavi.jp/entry/20231109-iima#:~:text=%E7%89%B9%E3%81%AB%E6%95%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AB%E9%96%A2%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81%E3%81%93%E3%81%86%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%82%88%E3%81%8F%E3%81%82%E3%82%8B%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82%E3%81%9D%E3%82%8C%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E4%BD%95%E3%81%AE%E6%94%AF%E9%9A%9C%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E4%BD%BF%E3%82%8F%E3%82%8C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89%E3%81%8C%E3%80%81%E3%81%84%E3%81%A4%E3%81%AE%E9%96%93%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8B%E3%80%81%E8%AA%B0%E3%81%8C%E8%A8%80%E3%81%84%E5%87%BA%E3%81%99%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%8F%E5%A4%B1%E7%A4%BC%E3%81%A8%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B%E3%80%82%E5%B0%82%E9%96%80%E5%AE%B6%E3%81%AF%E3%80%8C%E6%95%AC%E6%84%8F%E6%BC%B8%E6%B8%9B%EF%BC%88%E3%81%9C%E3%82%93%E3%81%92%E3%82%93%EF%BC%89%E3%81%AE%E6%B3%95%E5%89%87%E3%80%8D%E3%81%AA%E3%81%A9%E3%81%A8%E5%91%BC%E3%82%93%E3%81%A7%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%E3%80%82%E6%BC%B8%E6%B8%9B%E3%80%81%E3%81%A4%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8A%E5%B0%91%E3%81%97%E3%81%9A%E3%81%A4%E6%95%AC%E6%84%8F%E3%81%8C%E3%81%99%E3%82%8A%E6%B8%9B%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B%E3%82%8F%E3%81%91%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%81%AD%E3%80%82

#敬語 #マナー

[chatoran3cats]

礼儀正しい わんチャイ♡敬語

#LINEスタンプ #犬 #いぬ #敬語

[yokanjicho-s-eye]

新入社員向けのAIサービス。

確かに敬語って難しいので、こう言いたいけど敬語だとどうなるんだっけ？って思う時があるのでそういう時に使ってみるのは良いかもしれないですな。

ただ、個人的には使いすぎるのはあまり良くない気がしますな。。。

#ai #敬語

[flowerycommunication]

日本語で大切なこと The Important Points in The Japanese Language

1. 単語（たんご）Vocabulary 

日本語の数に関する単語には、使う場面によっていろいろな発音のバリエーションがあります。今回は、いちばん一般的なパターンをご紹介します。 The Japanese vocabularies regarding numbers have many versions of pronunciation depending on the use of the number. There are the most common variations of numbers below.

時間（Hours）"number+ji"【4/7/9】

時間について話すとき発音が変わる数字がありますが、他の数字の発音は変わりません。 When you are talking about hours, the pronunciations of those numbers above are changed. Other numbers are pronounced in the same way.

日付（Date）

日付を表す数字は、日本の古い発音が元になっているようです。特に1日〜10日は一般的な発音と大きくちがいます。 It seems the pronunciations of the date in a month are based on the very old Japanese pronunciation of numbers. Especially 1st to 10th have different pronunciation from the general ones. 

2. 言葉のスタイル（Style of words）

話し言葉と書き言葉 Spoken Japanese and Written Japanese

日本語には、文書に使われるだけで会話では使わない言葉がいくつかあります。ふつうの会話でそういった言葉を使うと、少しフォーマルで礼儀正しく聞こえます。よく使われる書き言葉と話し言葉をご紹介します。 In the Japanese language, some words are used only for writing but not for speaking. If you use those words in the general conversation, some of them sound a little more formal and nice. There are common words both in written and spoken Japanese below.

話し言葉は、友達や家族間のEメールや、SNS、キャッチコピーなどの文書にも使われます。ビジネスメールや報告書などフォーマルな文書では、書き言葉を使う必要があります。 We often use spoken Japanese for writing as well. Spoken Japanese is used in an E-mail between friends or family, SNS, a catchy phrase, and so on. We have to use written Japanese in more formal forms such as business E-mails and reports. 

ありがとうございました！Thank you!

次回は、助詞「に」と「を」の使い方をご紹介します。 最後まで読んでいただき、ありがとうございました！ In the next article, I'll introduce the use of the Japanese particle "に(ni)" and "を(o)". Thank you for visiting Akatsuki Note!

#japanese words #japanese language #日本語 #敬語 #日本語の勉強 #japanese for beginners

[unicla]

「ご拝読頂きありがとうございます」は変？

(English below)

ある会社から、情報登録を促すメールを受け取りました。

締めの一言が掲題の文章。

「最後までご拝読頂きありがとうございました」

違和感はありませんか？

もし「別に変じゃない」とお思いの場合は、普段から相手に失礼なことを言ったり書いたりしている可能性があります。解説を読んでみてくださいね。

全く知らない人にタメ口で話しかける？

メールを送ってきた会社にとって、私は「潜在顧客」です。もしかしたらお客さまになってくれるかもしれない人のこと。そして、全く知らない人でもあります。

こういう人に対しては、敬語を使うのが無難です。なぜなら、

お客さまになりうる

身内でも知り合いでもない、最も遠い関係

1番について。サービスを利用してもらって成り立つビジネスです。「お客さまは神様」じゃないですが、やはり「目上の人」として遇するべき相手です。したがって、サービスを提供する側はへりくだり、お客さまに何かしてもらう際は敬う表現を用いましょう。

2番について。お互いに会ったことのない、全く知らない人と話す際は「ですます調」を使ったり、「さん」付けで呼んだりと、丁寧な話し方をするのが普通です。いきなりタメ口で話す人もいますが、なんだか居心地が悪かったり「馴れ馴れしい」と感じたりします。ちょっと難しい言い方をすれば、日本語には対象との心理的な距離に応じて表現を変える特徴があり、遠ければ遠いほど丁寧になるのです。

言いたいことは「読んでくれてありがとう」

冒頭の「最後までご拝読いただきありがとうございました」に戻ります。

言いたいことは「最後まで読んでくれてありがとう」ですね。これを、「最も遠い関係の目上の人」向けに変更しましょう。敬語をどう取り入れればいいでしょうか。

（続きはこちら）

Is “Gohaidoku itadaki arigatou gozaimasu（Thank you for reading)" strange?

I received an email from a company asking me to register my information.

The closing sentence is the one shown above.

Saigo made gohaidoku itadaki arigatou gozaimasu.（「最後までご拝読いただきありがとうございます」）

Do you think it is strange?

If you think it is not strange, you may be saying or writing something rude to the other person on a regular basis. Please read the explanation.

Talking to a complete stranger in a casual manner?

To the company that sent me the e-mail, I am a "potential customer”. A person who might possibly become a customer. And I am also a complete stranger.

For these people, it is safe to use honorifics. Because:

1.Potential Customers

2.The most distant relationship, neither relatives nor acquaintances.

About #1. This is a business that depends on the use of services. The customer is not an emperor, but he or she should be treated as a superior person. Therefore, the person providing the service should be humble and use respectful expressions when asking the customer to do something for you.

Regarding #2. When talking to someone you have never met and do not know at all, it is normal to speak politely, using a "desu-masu" tone and addressing the person by "san". Some people suddenly talk to each other using the "タメ口(tame-guchi)”, casual style, but it may seem uncomfortable or too familiar to them. To put it another way, Japanese language has a characteristic of changing expressions depending on the psychological distance between the speaker and the target, and the farther away the speaker is, the more polite his/her style becomes.

What you want to say is "Thank you for reading”

Let's go back to the beginning, “最後までご拝読頂きありがとうございます(saigo made gohaidoku itadaki arigatou gozaimasu)”.

What you want to say is "Thank you for reading to the end.”  Let's change this for the least related superior. How can we incorporate honorific expressions?

Nouns have honorific expressions, too. For example, "返事(henji)," a reply would be “お返事(ohenji)," "ご返信(gohenshin)," and so on. There is no appropriate honorific expression for "最後まで," so we will leave it as it is.

The problem is "read". Who is "reading" it?　

It is the customer who received the e-mail. Therefore, we need to change "read" to an honorific(respectful expression).

Although "拝読(haidoku)" is an honorific, do you know who is being honored?

meaning of haidoku(Japanese dictionary)

It is a way to honor the writer by reading while worshipping, i.e., by humbling yourself, not the person who is reading.

Therefore, "ご拝読して(gohaidoku shite)" has a nuance like "read respectfully the text written by me, the great" (perhaps a bit of an exaggeration).

To be correct, you should use as follows: "お読みいただきありがとうございます(oyomi itadaki arigatou gozaimasu)” or “お目通しいただきありがとうございます(omedoshi itadaki arigatou gozaimasu).”

Is "gohaidoku sasete itadakimasu" incorrect?

A similar expression that is often seen is "ご拝読させていただきます(gohaidoku sasete itadakimasu,"I will read it over").

As explained earlier, "拝読(haidoku)" means to read with respect for the writer. If you add "go" to it, you are honoring the person who is reading it. “Go" is unnecessary.

The honorific expression that expresses respect for the other person by humbling oneself is called "humble language.” The phrase "させていただきます（sasete itadakimasu）" is often used because it is convenient.

How about "拝読させていただきます(haidoku sasete itadakimasu)"?  It means いただいた文章をありがたく読ませていただく(itadaita bunshou wo arigataku yomasete itadaku,"I will read with gratitude the text I have received with gratitude,") which may not be a problem in colloquial speech.

However, as explained earlier, "拝読(haidoku)" means "to read with respect," and it is already a humble word. Piling humble words on top of humble words makes it sound too humble and strange. In the written form, "I will read with gratitude the text I received," saying "I will read with gratitude" over and over again is maddening, and some people may think you are joking.

In the written form, it is better to say simply, "拝読しました(haidoku shimashita,) I have read it.”

One more thing to take care

Here is one more usage you should be careful about. You cannot use "拝読しました(haidoku shimashita), I have read it" in situations such as you read the book that your boss recommended to read, and you are expressing thankfulness to the boss.

This is because, as mentioned above, "拝読(haidoku)" means "to read out of respect for the writer.” If it is your boss who wrote the book, "拝読しました(haidoku shimashita,) “I have read your book" is correct. If you read a book that was merely recommended to you, "おすすめいただいた本を読みました(osusume itadaita hon wo yomimashita,) I read the book you recommended to me" is polite enough.

Honorifics are difficult. It is because it is necessary to consider the meaning of the words, the content of the message, and the distance from the listener. Let's start with expressions that you understand the meaning of correctly and get used to them through experience. 

#敬語

[anza-langblr]

敬語の5分類｜The 5 Types of keigo

In the Japanese language it is possible to show respect towards another person by replacing words, mostly verbs, with politer equivalents. This can be done by using elevating expressions for the actions of your superior or degrading expressions for your own actions.

Overview: Verb Formation Rules for sonkeigo 尊敬語, kenjōgo I 謙譲語Ⅰ and kenjōgo II 謙譲語Ⅱ (also known as teichōgo 丁重語).

In a guideline released by the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs in the year 2007 keigo has been divided into five types: 尊敬語・謙譲語Ⅰ・謙譲語Ⅱ（丁重語）・丁寧語・美化語. The first three types demonstrate the most complex rules, hence why I summarized them in the chart above for a quick overview. Hereafter, you can find thorough introductions to each type.

尊敬語｜Respectful Language

Sonkeigo is the most basic method to pay special respect towards a teacher, a superior or a client. This can be done by switching the verb (refering to the action of your superior) with its passive form.

e.g.　読みます　→　読まれます

However, the degree of politeness isn't that high. Hence, it is important to learn the following formation rules as well:

１）特定形 ｜Special forms

Some verbs have a fixed forms. If a verb has a special form it is to be used.¹

e.g.　いる・行く・来る　→　いらっしゃいます

２）サ変動詞＋なさいます

In this context サ変動詞 refers to nominal verbs. Basically, nouns that can be turned into verbs by adding する. It is possible to add お or ご infront of the verb but it can be also omitted if unsure which prefix is the right one.

e.g.　出発する　 →　（ご）出発なさいます

３）お＋Ⅴます＋になります

This formation rule is for all verbs that do not belong into either of the two categories above. Omitting ます leaves the so-called renyōkei 連用形 or conjunctive form of the verb. Here, the prefix added is always お.

e.g.　待ちます　→　お待ちになります

It is not uncommon to apply this formation rule to サ変動詞 as well. Depending on the nominal verb お needs to be changed to ご.

e.g.　参加する　→　ご参加になります

However, there are exceptions. Some nominal verbs are not idiomatic and end up sounding unnatural to native ears.

e.g.　運転する　→　ご運転になります　✕ 運転する　→　運転なさいます 〇

謙譲語 Ⅰ｜Humble Language I

Kenjōgo I + II have the opposite effect of sonkeigo. They degrade one's status and are therefore applied only to your own actions or the actions of someone from your inner circle (e.g. a co-worker, or a family member).

In contrast to kenjōgo II, kenjōgo I is used when your action (or the action of someone from your circle) is directed at the person you want to pay respect to. It is also used when you do something for said person.

The formation rules are as listed below:

１）特定形 ｜Special forms

Some verbs have a fixed forms. If a verb has a special form it is to be used.¹

e.g.　言う　→　申し上げます

The translation would be "saying sth. to sb." or "telling sb. sth." implying that your action is directed at the person you want to pay respect to.

２）お・ご＋サ変動詞＋します

Again, there are some verbs that sound unnatural when this formation is applied.

e.g.　ご運転します　✕

In this case, you can formulate the sentence with ～させていただきます or switch to kenjōgo II.

e.g.　運転させていただきます　〇 運転いたします 　 〇

Note that, depending on the situation ～させていただきます might give of the impression that you are putting yourself down too much. This can result in making your counterpart feel uncomfortable.

３）お＋Ⅴます＋します

This formation rule is for all verbs that do not belong into either of the two categories above. Omitting ます leaves the so-called renyōkei 連用形 or conjunctive form of the verb. Here, the prefix added is always お.

e.g.　伝える　→　お伝えします

謙譲語 Ⅱ｜Humble Language II

Kenjōgo II is used when your own action is unconnected to the person you want to pay respect to. Therefore, this type of language can often be found in anouncements, news reports or broadcasts elevating its audience. At train stations one often repeated phrase is:

e.g.　もうすぐ電車が来る　→　まもなく電車が参ります

In the example above you can see that not only the verb has been switched with a politer equivalent, but the adverb as well. There are many words that can be switched with politer versions. Unlike verbs, they do not need to be inflected and can be studied like regular vocabulary.

It can also be pointed out that the action does not have to be conducted by the speaker, but can be an object (like in the example above) or a third party as well.

The formation rules are:

１）特定形

Some verbs have a fixed forms. If a verb has a special form it is to be used.¹

e.g.　言う　→　申します　(as in 私は◯◯と申します)

When introducing yourself you simly "say" or "state" your name. This is not considered an action that is directed at the person you want to pay respect to, hence it falls into the category of kenjōgo II.

２）サ変動詞＋いたします

e.g.　応募する　→　応募いたします

３）丁寧語

For all verbs that do not fall under the categories above, teineigo is used, or in other words the です・ます form.

e.g.　話す　→　話します

In case the ～ている form is used, the degree of politeness can be elevated by replacing it with ～ております which is the special form of いる.

丁寧語｜Polite Language

Teineigo is the neutral polite language. You're probably already familiar with this one, since this is the most foolproof way of speaking politely due to its absence of any kind of seesaw principle. It is used everywhere outside of your circle of friends and the safest way to talk to strangers. However, in certain situations it is expected to raise the level of politeness.

e.g.　聞く　→　聞きます

美化語｜Refined Language

There is a certain number of words, especially nouns, that can be turned into more elegant sounding versions. It can be easily understood by just looking at some examples.

e.g.　金 　→　お金 酒 　→　お酒 料理　→　ご料理 米　 →　お米 散歩 →　お散歩

Adding the respective prefix お or ご takes away the roughness of a word. This, however, can only be done with a few selected words. Refined words are commonly used in both formal and informal speech.

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¹ I compiled all special forms 特定形 that you need to know in this post: 敬語の特定形｜Keigo: Special Verb Forms.

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[pleas3pretendimnothere]

can someone let me know if there are a lot of subtitles in the new dune movie?? i really want to see it, but i live in Japan, and i wanna know how much fake-language talk id miss because it would be subbed in 日本語...

#dune #dune part 2 #dune movie #dune 2 #there is a chance i'd understand the subs but i dont trust my 敬語

[tokidokitokyo]

尊敬語 - Honorific Keigo

敬語 (けいご・keigo) is respectful speech in Japanese. 敬語 is based in the social hierarchy that has carried over into modern Japanese society from ancient times. There are three forms of 敬語 - teineigo, sonkeigo, and kenjougo.

尊敬語 (そんけいご・sonkeigo) is honorific Japanese. This style is used to show respect to someone of a higher position (a superior, an elder, a customer, etc.) when speaking about them. You must never use this form to refer to yourself. This form is characterized by lengthy polite sentences and common verbs are exchanged for more polite ones or changed into a respectful form.

Regular Sonkeigo Verb Forms

To create the honorific form of most verbs, add the prefix お to the stem form of the verb and add になる to the end.

Polite Form → Honorific Form

Verb-stem + ます → お + Verb-stem + になります

読みます → お読みになります (およみになります)　to read

待ちます → お待ちになります (おまちになります)　to wait

教えます → お教えになります (おおしえになります)　to teach

書きます → お書きになります (おかきになります)　to write

思います → お思いになります (おおもいになります)　to think

Irregular Sonkeigo Verb Forms

Plain Form → Honorific Form

行く (いく)・来る (くる) → いらっしゃいます/おいでになります　to go/to come

いる → いらっしゃいます/おいでになります　to be

食べる (たべる)・飲む (のむ) → 召し上がります (めしあがります)　to eat/to drink

寝る (ねる) → お休みになります (おやすみになります)　to sleep

言う (いう) → 仰る (おっしゃいます)　to say

見る (みる) → ご覧になります (ごらんになります)　to see

着る (きる) → お召しになります (おめしになります)　to wear

する → なさいます　to do

知っている (しっている) → ご存知です (ごぞんじです)　to know

くれる → くださいます　to receive

座る (すわる) → お掛けになります (おかけになります)　to sit/to be seated

Other Honorific Forms

です → でいらっしゃる　copula

家 (いえ) → 御宅 (おたく)　home

どう → いかが　how

Example Sentences

Excuse me, is Professor Tanaka here? Normal: すみません、田中先生はいますか。 尊敬語: すみません、田中先生はいらっしゃいますか。

How was the interview? Normal: 面接はどうでしたか。 尊敬語: 面接はいかがでしたか。

How are you? Normal: 元気ですか。 尊敬語: お元気ですか。

See also: Basic Keigo, Polite Keigo

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[warriorfujoshi]

I hear the devil calling my name trying to get me to write a post about the nuances of Japanese first person pronouns again

#ive sat here for 50+ minutes trying to word a post about the translation mishaps regarding netzach #autism is a blessing and a curse god bless… #ネツァク…僕っ子だったんだ…しかも敬語を使う僕っ子だったんだ…

[okinatoshiakira]

オキナ　トシアキラ キョク ハジマリハイツモアメ カシカイセツ 5 money talk 2022 11 07 15 46 09 037

#youtube #翁俊彬先生 日本語の歌詞の解説 ２０２２年１１月7日 月曜日 【敬請 盡快來 支持 贊助 樂捐 本月 學費 郵局帳號 ~百元起~非常感謝！！