#Seismic swarms

[mexicanistnet]

Tancítaro, deemed dormant, unveils its seismic activity through extensive research by Román Álvarez Béjar and team. Seismic swarms and magmatic injections challenge perceptions, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring of all Mexican stratovolcanoes.

#Tancítaro #seismic activity #Seismic swarms #magmatic injections #stratovolcanoes #volcano

[blueiskewl]

Crater Collapses in Iceland's New Volcano Spewing Rivers of Lava

Iceland's newest volcano, located in the Reykjanes peninsula, began erupting in early July, 2023. Now it's throwing "spatter bombs'" of molten lava.

In Iceland, the world's newest "baby" volcano is throwing a temper tantrum: It's overflowing and spewing "spatter bombs," or blobs of molten lava, into the surrounding crater.

The volcano formed on July 10, when an underground eruption opened a 1.7-mile-long (2.7 kilometers) fissure in the ground of Iceland's Reykjanes peninsula, southwest of the capital, Reykjavík. Leading up to this event, the region experienced a "seismic swarm," during which more than 7,000 earthquakes shook the area starting on July 4, according to a statement from the Icelandic Met Office. Lava trickled from the fracture in the ground, and seismic activity decreased for about a week after the eruption.

On July 18, however, "there was a major shift in the vent activity overnight," according to a post on the Facebook page of Rannsóknarstofa í eldfjallafræði og náttúruvá (the Laboratory of Volcanology and Natural Hazards), a research group from the University of Iceland. At around 11:30 p.m. local time, "the crater filled up to the brim with lava and the fountaining began to throw spatter bombs well beyond the crater rims." Roughly three hours later, a small opening formed, allowing lava to spill over the crater, the post added. By early morning, a section of the crater's rim had collapsed, releasing a river of lava to the north and west. The lava pouring from this crater is roughly 2,192 degrees Fahrenheit (1,200 degrees Celsius), the scientists said.

"The crater became unstable and collapsed," Ingibjörg Jónsdóttir, an associate professor of geography at the University of Iceland and member of the lab, told Live Science in an email. "It had built up quite fast and it was filling up with lava on the inside, causing pressure to the walls. Not unusual as such but spectacular and of concern since there were people quite close by not long before it happened (in a closed area though)."

On the opposite side of the volcano, lava flowing south stalled and eventually crusted over, the post said. The area around the eruption site is uninhabited, and the eruption does not currently post a risk to infrastructure, according to the Icelandic Met Office. Firefighters in Grindavík, a nearby Icelandic town, have already contained the potential spread of fire from July 18's lava spill, and they no longer believe it is a threat, according to the Icelandic National Broadcasting Service.

Scientists will continue to monitor the volcano's behavior because future lava flows could ignite wildfires and reduce air quality in the region, according to the statement. Watch a livestream of the volcano on the Icelandic National Broadcasting Service's website here.

By Kiley Price.

#Crater Collapses in Iceland's New Volcano Spewing Rivers of Lava #reykjanes peninsula #volcano #baby volcano #eruption #erupting #lava #molten lava #nature #nature video

[galvanizedfriend]

Fic Update: The Wolf III [19/21]

Summary: Months after their return to New Orleans, Klaus and Caroline try to settle into a semblance of normalcy, while Elijah struggles to forgive his brother's sins. But a mysterious prophecy that foretells the downfall of the Mikaelson family brings them all together in a war that will reopen ancient wounds and see each of the siblings doomed: one by friend, one by foe and one by family.

[It's The Originals Season 3, but Caroline had Klaus' baby, now she's a vampire and they are back in New Orleans after a stint in Mystic Falls. It's mostly about Klaroline, obviously.]

-- S03E19 Where Nothing Stays Buried ✨

In his 200 odd years on this Earth, most of which were spent soaked deep within the supernatural cauldron of New Orleans, Marcel Gerard can safely say he has seen everything.

He has witnessed magic in all of its glorious, beautiful, vicious, terrifying forms. He has seen myths rise and fall across the streets of the Crescent City. He has seen miracles, and he has seen curses. There are no mysteries in the unnatural world that can still surprise Marcel. Or that's what he thought. Because in all his years, he had never felt the French Quarter tremble. Not like that.

Sturdy, robust buildings that have withstood fires, floods and the test of magic and time start to shake as if they are made of twigs and straw. A cacophony of screams sounds like a roar as people swarm the streets in a mad rush, running from the unsteady constructions. No one seems to know exactly where to run to. Everything is shaking. It's like the city is suddenly at the epicenter of a seismic shift. Nowhere feels safe.

For a spine-chilling moment, with glass shattering all around, old wood screeching as it is dangerously pressured and bent by the quake, dust raining down upon his head, Marcel thinks - this is it. Judgement Day has come to settle scores with New Orleans. All those centuries of housing bloodsucking beasts and monsters of all species have finally caught up with the city, and they will all pay the price.

But the odd thing is... He can feel the quake, and yet it doesn't seem like it's coming from underneath him. It's not the earth that's shaking. More like shock waves, traveling through the air, reverberating like sound.

That's when it hits him. He doesn't need his witches to tell him there's nothing natural about that earthquake. He knows magic when he sees it; he knows it even better when he feels it. And a surge of power strong enough to shake New Orleans on its foundations can only have come from one source.

The goddamn Ancestors.

Whatever those assholes are up to, it's big and it's most certainly bad. And he has a feeling he knows exactly where he'll find the answer.

Read the full chapter here

--

Very sorry about the delay, I did my best. 🥲✌️ Hope you guys enjoy it! And as always, if you do, I'd love to hear from you. ❣️

Your comments/reblogs/kudos are very welcome and feed my fic-writing soul. ✨

#klaroline #klaroline fanfiction #klaroline fic #klaus x caroline #kc fanfiction #kcfic #kc fandom #klaroline shippers club #The Originals rewriting #yokan writes #this chapter is 20k words long what am I even doing with my life #i have no idea how to post these updates anymore so here have this edit again

[stitch1830]

For an anonymous prompt request! Original ask is here.

......

Toko - Angst #5 - “Wake Up! Please Wake Up”

She had a bad feeling when she woke up that day.

On top of that, she woke up with her stomach in knots and her head throbbing. Perhaps the worst way to wake up in the history of the universe. And yet, in typical Toph Beifong fashion, she brushed off the feeling and the sickness. The Greatest Earthbender in the World wasn’t supposed to wake up with bad feelings or scared of anything. She put on her nonchalant, care-free face and went on with the day as if she woke up on the right side of the bed.

As the day went on, though, everything began to feel normal, ordinary. She ate breakfast with her husband, alleviating her nausea and her headache. Although, while she listened to him drone on about the new policies and proposals he wanted to present to the council that day, she thought perhaps the headache would return. When he went off to work, she went into the palace gardens to practice her stances for the morning. In the afternoon, she had plans to meet up with Zuko in the town for lunch. And as she expressed her concerns for the ominous feeling that woke her up that day, Zuko simply pressed a kiss to her forehead and reassured her. “Today’s going to be a good day, Toph. No need to worry.”

His calm words helped, but she still couldn’t shake the feeling. Eventually, she resorted to ignoring the feeling, and she went about her day, counting down the minutes until she met up with Zuko for lunch.

She practically ran through the streets of the city when she felt his footsteps approach her. It was rather silly, considering how she just spent time with the man at breakfast, but her chest filled with relief when his steps came into her sights. Perhaps Zuko was right. Maybe she had no reason to worry.

But then, she did.

Suddenly, Zuko’s footsteps and his heartbeat disappeared from her seismic vision, for her entire body was thrown back from something. She landed on her back with a thud, and bits of rubble stung her skin. 

The stench of burning objects attacked her nose, and it didn’t take a genius to realize what had happened. 

There was an attack, an explosion.

And Toph lost sight of her husband.

A wave of panic crashed down onto Toph like a tsunami wave, but the adrenaline of the events forced her onto her feet, calling out Zuko’s name. She stomped her feet once, twice, three times, but she couldn’t focus to find him. The commotion of the area overwhelmed her senses and her nerves left her completely distracted. 

Finally, after an eternity of searching, Toph found Zuko. She dropped to her knees, feeling his chest, thanking the spirits that there was a heartbeat that fell in tune with hers. Toph placed his head in her lap, bending down to kiss his forehead, and gently shook his shoulder to coax him back to consciousness. 

A minute passed, then two, and Zuko still didn’t wake. “Zuko? Zuko, wake up. It’s me, Toph.”

He remained still, but she persisted, continuing to talk and holding onto the faint heartbeat that went in time with hers. “Zuko, wake up. We—there was an explosion. We need to get out of here, it’s not safe.” 

Palace guards swarmed the two of them, but Toph refused to move. She ordered them to bring a healer, and one ran off, calling for help. Toph shook Zuko harder this time, hoping he’d react to it. 

But then her hands roamed his chest, and they found his shirt to be wet and sticky. 

And still.

No, that couldn’t be right. She felt another heartbeat, his heartbeat. It was light and quick, but it was there. Toph focused on the heartbeat, certain that it was Zuko’s heart—

Wait, no. It—the heartbeat, it wasn’t quite Zuko’s. And it wasn’t next to Toph.

It was within her. 

The realization of the beating heart in her womb hit Toph like a boulder to the chest. Fear and dread settled in her throat, but she managed to continue talking to Zuko, begging him to answer her. She needed him to wake up. 

Their baby needed him to wake up. 

As the tears fell from her cheeks and onto his still body, she cried out, “Zuko? Zuko! Wake up! Please, please wake up. I—I need you to wake up.”

But he never did.

......

Send me writing asks if you don't mind waiting a bit! Lol

#toko #toph #toph beifong #zuko #atla #writing #quote writing prompts #my asks #thanks for the ask! #anon #send me asks!

[gumnut-logic]

Gordon was in heaven.

Well, if heaven had this many starfish and in Gordon’s book, it definitely did. Clustered around the heat generating hydrothermal vents, the patches and swarms of specialised life down here were amazing to see. He had read several studies on the ecosystems of the Kermadec chain, but it was always a wonder to see them thriving like this in the darkness.

The caldera was massive. He knew the geological history of the Kermadec chain. They all did as Tracy Island was technically part of it. He knew it had a habit of exploding quite regularly and this caldera was no different, various child cones spewing forth hydrothermal concoctions. It had last blown up quite spectacularly over 6000 years ago, collapsing what used to be a much larger island into this undersea ring of vents.

The heat supported scores of mussels, farmed by starfish and the occasional white crab. He had done a lot of diving around Tracy Island, but that underseascape was considerably different. Higher water temperatures and a dead volcano produced a different ecosystem to what Macauley supported.

Four’s spots lit up the underwater mountain range, volcanic remnants were scattered across the sea floor. The sensor bank was closest to one of the dominant cones to the north-west of the island, placed there specifically to monitor the active spot. The moment he approached it, he knew exactly what the problem was.

“Thunderbird Four to Raoul.”

“Raoul receiving. Thunderfish, did you get your ‘bird out just for me? I thought you were on vacation.”

“Eh, I owe you one.” If he was honest, coasting about the waterline for a couple days without the facility to drop below it at will had left him a little longing for the depths. “I found your sensor problem.”

“Yeah, what do we have?”

“A brand new baby hydrothermal vent right on top of the sensor bank”

“Again? That’s the third this year.”

Gordon frowned. “This happens a lot?”

“You bet your ass it does. This whole bloody volcanic chain does what it bloody wants. Hell, Giggenbach just a little north-west of Macauley threw a fit just last year and dumped a pile of rubble on all our sensor equipment. I’m lucky Tracy Industries continues to provide me with new supplies or I would have had to close up shop years ago. The Kermadecs eat sensors for breakfast.”

“So, what did you want me to do?”

“You got one of those temporary seismic monitors?”

“Not on Four, but Two stocks vibration sensors.”

“Sensitive enough to catch a below 0.0001?”

“I’ll send you the specs. Virgil would be the one to confirm.”

“Really?”

“Be kind to him, Mel. He’s not at his best.”

“Would I do anything to hurt such a gorgeous man?”

“Mel.”

“Okay, okay, I’ll talk nice to the dark-haired hunk.”

“Mel.”

“What?”

-o-o-o-

#thunderbirds are go #thunderbirds #gordon tracy #melissa fisher #kermadec au #nuttyfic reblog #science!gordon

[thepastisalreadywritten]

For centuries, the country’s western volcanic peninsula has been dormant, but a new era of volcanic activity could be on the horizon.

The Fagradalsfjall Volcano, a raised crater of bubbling lava — glowing bright yellow in an expanse of dark gray — is the latest eruption heralding Iceland’s new period of volcanic activity.

The eruption announced its approach on July 4 of this year, when southwest Iceland was rocked by more than 2,000 earthquakes in just 24 hours.

Not long after, seismic activity dropped off as magma rose to shallow depths and ultimately gave way to oozing molten rock on July 10.

Located next to the small mountain of Litli-Hrútur, this eruption is taking place on Reykjanes, a volcanically active peninsula that has become a popular destination among tourists looking to see lava fountaining above and pouring onto the surface.

However, the site of the new eruption is potentially hazardous — new fissures may open nearby without warning, rivers of lava can form at a quick pace, and toxic gas can quickly fill the air, according to the Iceland Met Office.

This eruption is the peninsula’s third volcanic paroxysm in a row, following on from similar lava-spewing eruptions in 2021 and 2022 — and it’s unlikely to be the last.

After an eruption last summer, Dave McGarvie, a volcanologist at Lancaster University, told National Geographic that the recent uptick in volcanic activity, “... could herald the start of decades of occasional eruptions.”

Iceland’s volcanic geology

The Reykjanes Peninsula lies about 17 miles southwest of Iceland’s capital city Reykjavik.

It sits atop the continually spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the North American plate to the west and the Eurasian plate to the east are gradually pulling apart.

Superhot, gassy magma, which is less dense than the surrounding rock, can sometimes rise into the shallow crust from buoyancy alone, but all that regional stretching also creates cracks where molten rock can infiltrate.

The peninsula’s subterranean bedlam seems to manifest as periodic busts of volcanism.

Historical accounts and studies of ancient volcanic rocks show that times of volcanic repose transition into loud seismic and eruptive awakenings in a cycle that’s transpired several times in the past few millennia.

Although the region had been volcanically dormant for centuries, the tectonic sundering happening in the depths meant that the latest eruptions have long been in the works.

A fiery new beginning

And in recent years, several sheets of magma ascended toward the surface, indicated by the changing shape of the ground and swarms of earthquakes, says Tobias Dürig, a volcanologist at the University of Iceland.

But for some time, these magmatic serpents failed to see sunlight — their escape was stymied either from the loss of their own upward momentum or because the resilient crust didn’t offer an escape hatch.

Nevertheless, as earthquakes began to crescendo in both frequency and strength from late 2019 onwards, scientists suspected that an eruption sometime in the future seemed inevitable.

That was confirmed in dramatic fashion on 19 March 2021, when lava began gushing from a 1,650-foot-long fissure in a valley of the Geldingadalur region.

These ferocious fires are gifting scientists with an unparalleled look at the connective tissue between the igneous abyss below and the lava-licked landscape above.

Their efforts help improve our understanding of Earth’s viscera, of Iceland’s volcanic cadence, and of this peninsula’s volcanic dangers.

#Fagradalsfjall Volcano #Iceland #Reykjanes #Litli-Hrútur #Reykjavik #Mid-Atlantic Ridge #volcanic activity #volcanic era #volcanic eruption #volcanoes #magma #National Geographic #Nat Geo

[islandiis]

Okay so sitting down and thinking about it. I've covered what seismic activity and earthquakes do to Fannar in a physical sense but like... Hm. Volcanic eruptions in Iceland range from "we take tourists on hikes at night to see it" to absolutely devastating — and obviously they don't all affect Fannar in the same way, for that reason.

This is LONG so!! Read more time!

It's not like this is groundbreaking (pun not intended) but I do imagine that magmatic intrusions and eruptions do have a direct effect on his temperature. He's prone to fevers as it is, so this isn't really startling. Generally, before we see an eruption, we tend to see large earthquake swarms which - as covered in the post above - tends to cause a variety of physical symptoms in Fannar; he might be lethargic, or nauseous, or dizzy, or achy, etc. I'd say large earthquake swarms probably trigger at least a low-grade fever, but those are such a common occurrence for him that he barely even recognises them. Seriously — just day-to-day interactions with Fannar, even if he's perfectly fine/happy/out having fun, if you took his temperature there's like a 50% chance he's running a low grade fever and either doesn't realise it or just doesn't care. They're so normal for him, probably 1-2 times a week on a good week, that he only really acknowledges it if it's high enough to make him feel unwell.

So, with large earthquake swarms usually preceding eruptions — I think the way it usually goes is he feels kind of terrible from the seismic activity, low grade fever, you know. He's aware that something is coming, because I think he can feel the magma rising to the surface — problem is, this period can last days or weeks, so I think he tries to push through it and that can mean, even though he knows something is on the horizon, the actual eruption still tends to take him by surprise when it actually breaks land. I think it's similar to how he feels minor earthquakes everyday, just a weird feeling — he describes the constant, small earthquakes as being felt "in his bones", but magma rising I think is just a weird, unidentifiable feeling that he can't really pin down. Earthquakes are more likely to trigger his back scar, but eruptions usually don't.

When the eruption actually happens, this is where things start to vary. I think the first few hours of eruptions are usually the worst. His temperature usually spikes very high, at least initially, and it might lower slightly in a few hours if the eruption isn't a major one — or it might remain there, for more major eruptions. Even if it does come down after the initial spike, it's usually still fairly high, even for Fannar.

The gas and ash output of any eruption largely determines how severe the involvement of Fannar's lungs are. His lungs are weak at the best of times — eruptions almost always exacerbate these issues, either through ash or gas output. Gas output like we see with Fagradalsfjall right now (and most orange-code eruptions), where its significant enough that people in Reykjavík are told to keep their windows closed, but it's not life-threatening or anything — probably just sees an uptick in his usual lung issues. He'll cough more often and for longer/harsher, get breathless more easily, will need his inhaler more. His breathing is probably more strained in the day-to-day, although honestly I think Fannar is so used to his own lungs he's kind of used to this already and doesn't really remember what it's like to be able to breathe without difficulty, even when he's healthy, so this might not be something he's super aware of. He's more sensitive to his usual triggers — even the smell of smoke on someone's clothes will probably be enough to cause problems for him, and he might be more cautious of hugging/sharing clothes/etc as a result. Please don't be offended but he might ask you to change clothes when coming into his apartment, if it's really bad. He's also more likely to develop chest infections and other illness. Overall, an exacerbation of existing symptoms — but he's still largely functional, in terms of his breathing. That said, when there is gas pollution in Reykjavík/the outdoors, he has to be extremely careful and will almost always wear a mask. The gas pollution, even if it's fine for most people, will trigger Fannar's lungs in a flash. He's ridiculously sensitive to it, so he has to be super careful.

It's when we see huge ash clouds (think eyjafjallajökull, 2010) or major major gas output that things get a lot worse. With eruptions like these, his breathing becomes a problem to where he's not so functional — he might try to be, but it's usually a losing battle. It would probably be comparable to long-term, fairly severe chest infections. It usually ends up with him struggling to get out of bed. It's not just because of the eruption itself, but also because of how damaged his lungs are from previous eruptions (mostly Laki, 1783) that it affects him especially badly. He's usually extremely reluctant to actually seek professional help (tbh he's like that 24/7) but there have been times where he's needed extra oxygen during eruptions, his lungs have struggled so much.

Along with his lungs, eruptions just tend to make him generally ill. During the first few hours of an eruption, when his fever has its highest spike, he tends to get pretty severely and acutely ill — then, at least for smaller eruptions, it tends to settle down a bit. It really comes down to flu-like symptoms - aches, sickness, sore throat, lethargy, etc - along with his chest problems and fevers do make him very dizzy/shivery. He can get pretty unwell pretty quickly, but it does usually improve somewhat after a few hours.

During small eruptions, it usually goes something like: build-up (earthquake swarms and magma rising), the eruption makes him pretty intensely ill for a little while, then it eases off. He'll take a couple days to sort of bounce back but then, after 2-4 days from the start of the eruption, he's usually back to working. Despite this, he won't be answering calls/messages, his door is locked, no guests, and so on — but he'll force himself to do his obligatory work, even though everyone can see that he's ill and probably shouldn't be handling it how he is, lmao. Most of his work is done at home, but he'll still try and make it to meetings and everything. He'll force himself to function enough to fulfil his obligations and work, but will shut everyone out on a personal basis, and aside from obligations like work or groceries, he'll very rarely leave the house.

During large eruptions, it's more: after the build-up, the eruption sparks intense illness which doesn't really subside the way smaller eruptions do. He'll be pretty severely incapacitated - he'll probably try to work from home, at first, but practically always fails. It's lucky if he can get out of bed once a day to feed Mjási in these cases, tbh, he's usually in a very bad state.

Usually these aren't life threatening (like Eyjafjallajökull in 2010), but eruptions in the past like Laki - which was compounded by crop failures, famine, etc as a result of the gas and ash - have killed him. I think he probably died again in 1875 due to Askja, which was severe in the first place but compounded by mass emigration (and, like Laki, I think the sudden and intense loss of population probably contributes to his own strength). I need to sit down and re-work out all the times he's died, but yeah. Most major eruptions haven't killed him — but a few have.

I also think a lot of eruptions leave marks on his skin. Most of his scars move from day-to-day, but there are some static ones, and I think these are usually from large volcanic features. For example, he has a large, patchy burn scar representing the lava field formed at Holuhraun in 2014, the largest created since the eruption of Laki in 1783. He has another great patchy burn scar caused by the eruption of Eldfell in 1973, which involved the lava cooling to form new land. Most eruptions don't leave permanent scars, but some do (usually ones involving the creation of new land/lave fields/etc, but not always).

So, yeah. This is already super long but I think this covers basically everything I needed to cover. Realistically, large or small eruption — Fannar is probably going to be shutting himself away hardcore. I think he's reluctant to even admit that he's ill/affected by his volcanology, and (if you manage to get in contact with him while he's isolating), he'll probably tell you he's fine — although if you see him IRL the state he's in is pretty undeniable, and he knows that, so he might be a little bit more honest about it. He's got a weird complex about admitting how his nature affects him, tbh.

One other thing I will say is that despite everything, Fannar is frustratingly good at pushing through. If he's not absolutely incapacitated, odds are, he's going to be doing something he probably shouldn't be (ie. working with a 103° fever). He will push himself way past his limits, for as long as he possibly can, and he won't complain or make a fuss. There have definitely been instances where, during smaller eruptions, after those first 2-4 days where he's been very ill and then it eased off, he probably took a small group of diplomats hiking to see the eruption site or he's been involved in the maintanence of webcams or equipment — despite the gentle hike to get there being way more than he can reasonably handle. He will push himself until he collapses, if he deems it's necessary (and unfortunately he's probably done that, quite literally, more than a few times). He's got a lot going on, but he won't complain out loud.

#headcanon. #omg this is so long but I'm so glad to get it down in writing #yeah!!! this sure is a headcanon!

[environmental-architecture]

“The swarm of 85,000 earthquakes was the strongest seismic outburst ever recorded in Antarctica.”

Souce / Fuente: Underwater volcano in Antarctica triggers 85,000 earthquakes

#earthquake #earthquake swarm #enjambre sísmico #essaims de séismes #volcano #volcán #antarctica

[xtruss]

Iceland Eruption May be the Start of Decades of Volcanic Activity

A second outburst of lava in under a year strongly suggests that the country’s Reykjanes Peninsula will become one of the most volcanically dynamic parts of the planet for several generations.

— By Robin George Andrews | Photographs By Chris Burkard | August 04, 2022

After centuries of quiescence, Iceland's Reykjanes Peninsula has erupted twice in less than a year, sending up fountains of incandescent rock. The latest eruption, which started at 1:18 p.m. local time on August 3, opened up at a fissure only a few hundred feet away from the cone crafted by last year’s volcanic outburst.

Less than a year has passed since lava stopped sputtering from Iceland’s Reykjanes Peninsula following the first major volcanic outburst from this region in almost 800 years. But now the island is once again bleeding molten rock. The start of a new eruption so soon after unrest in 2021 seems to underscore that this once quiescent peninsula has awoken from its long slumber.

“This could herald the start of decades of occasional eruptions,” says Dave McGarvie, a volcanologist at Lancaster University.

Crowds have already gathered to take in the stunning scenes, watching Earth forge new landscapes.

While the flashes of scarlet were just spotted yesterday, scientists are already busy collecting their first samples of rock, including volcanologist Helga Kristin, shown here.

The new eruption, which started at 1:18 p.m. local time on August 3, sent scarlet ribbons streaming from the base of a small mountain into the uninhabited Meradalir Valley. Located far from populations, the volcanic burbles likely pose little danger to the public, at least in the near term. And this relative safety allows scientists and tourists alike to marvel at the geologic majesty and get excited for a possible onslaught of new scientific knowledge.

After all, each volcanic eruption here provides a “window into the abyss,” McGarvie says. The 2021 event yielded revelations about the personality of the peninsula’s exuberant eruptions—from their physical behaviors to their quirky chemistries. This new eruption promises even more insights as the nascent volcano forges the world’s youngest land.

It’s still unclear how prolific or lengthy the eruption will be; this information will only come to light with more time and continued monitoring. But this week’s show of fireworks strongly hints the peninsula will become one of the most volcanically active parts of the planet for several generations.

“I am genuinely excited,” McGarvie says.

A Volcanic Double-bill

The Reykjanes Peninsula lies about 17 miles southwest of Iceland’s capital city Reykjavik. It sits atop the continually spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the North American plate to the west and the Eurasian plate to the east are gradually pulling apart. Superhot, gassy magma, which is less dense than the surrounding rock, can sometimes rise into the shallow crust from buoyancy alone, but all that regional stretching also creates cracks where molten rock can infiltrate.

The peninsula’s subterranean bedlam seems to manifest as periodic busts of volcanism. Historical accounts and studies of ancient volcanic rocks show that times of volcanic repose transition into loud seismic and eruptive awakenings in a cycle that’s transpired several times in the past few millennia.

While the flashes of scarlet were just spotted yesterday, scientists are already busy collecting their first samples of the rock, including volcanologist Helga Kristin, shown here (top). Seen below, crowds have also gathered to take in the stunning scenes, watching Earth forge new landscapes.

Although the region had been volcanically dormant for centuries, the tectonic sundering happening in the depths meant that last year’s eruption had long been in the works. And in recent years, several sheets of magma ascended toward the surface, indicated by the changing shape of the ground and swarms of earthquakes, says Tobias Dürig, a volcanologist at the University of Iceland. But for some time, these magmatic serpents failed to see sunlight—their escape was stymied either from the loss of their own upward momentum or because the resilient crust didn’t offer an escape hatch.

Nevertheless, as earthquakes began to crescendo in both frequency and strength from late 2019 onwards, scientists suspected that an eruption sometime in the future seemed inevitable. That was confirmed in dramatic fashion on March 19, 2021, when lava began gushing from a 1,650-foot-long fissure in a valley of the Geldingadalur region. Hundreds of thousands of visitors flocked to the region to watch that eruption, which built a vertiginous cone of magmatic splatter as it erupted over six months, causing no damage to infrastructure and no casualties.

Then, since late July of this year, another cacophony of quakes and significant ground deformation plagued the region, pointing to the upward incursion of yet another magmatic sheet, according to the Icelandic Meteorological Service.

On July 31 a bone-rattling magntiude-5.5 earthquake struck the peninsula. This and other powerful temblors prior to the latest volcanic flare-up may have been so-called trigger earthquakes, says McGarvie. Stress builds as the intrusion of magma stretches the crust, until it fractures with a mighty jolt.

By August 2 magma was sitting just half a mile below the surface. Yet that same day the seismic activity and the ground deformation seemed to decline. Although this could suggest that the magma had more-or-less stopped in its tracks, this sequence of events also resembled the same pattern observed just before the 2021 eruption, which was the country’s longest in 50 years. Iceland’s uppermost crust can often stretch like a rubber band, accommodating magma without loudly cracking apart. So the most recent quietening may have been a precursor to an eruption—the calm before the magmatic storm.

On the other hand, there have been similar rises and falls in seismicity on the peninsula that did not end in eruptions, says Tom Winder, a volcano seismologist at the University of Cambridge. Further investigation is necessary to determine whether this pattern of sudden seismic silence is a reliable warning sign.

Still, by August 2 the available data led the Icelandic Meteorological Office to declare that the possibility of an eruption was “considered to be substantial.”

Just one day later, lava fountains screamed skyward from a fissure only a few hundred feet away from the cone crafted by last year’s eruption.

The incandescent rock is erupting with greater vigor than last year's outburst, but what the volcano will do in the days ahead—including how long this eruption will last—remains unknown. A small plane at the bottom of this image illustrates the scale of the new eruption.

The Land of Future Fires

Like its predecessor, the new eruption will likely pose little hazard to humans. The flows are currently confined to a series of empty valleys, with no major infrastructure nearby. Also absent are bodies of water or ice, which can sometimes trigger a series of violent, ash-heavy explosions. This is all good news for the region’s residents, particularly in the nearby fishing town of Grindavík that’s been riddled with quakes. Now that the eruption has started, the disruptive seismic shaking has all but vanished.

“It's still early days, but it looks like the eruption will be similar to 2021,” says Evgenia Ilyinskaya, a volcanologist at the University of Leeds.

But similar doesn’t mean identical. Per local media reports, the lava is currently flowing with more vigor than it did during last year’s event. That could either mean the valley quickly fills up, or that the eruption could more rapidly run out of fuel, leading to a much faster end.

It’s extremely difficult to forecast how long the eruption will continue or how much lava it can produce. Ground deformation reveals the volume of magma available to feed the eruption in the short term, but it says nothing about additional surges that may arrive from below in the days to come. Will the lava remain confined to these valleys, or will it travel further afield? Will it reach the sea and produce pernicious plumes of noxious gas?

“It is a bit like watching the first hours of a Tour de France stage and trying to predict from that the future winner of the yellow jersey,” Dürig says. In this instance, though, he expects the eruption to follow a similar pattern to that of 2021’s magmatic showcase.

If this is indeed the start of a new era of Reykjanes volcanism, it’s difficult to predict what this may mean for those who live on the peninsula, and it’s currently impossible to say where—or when—the next eruption may emerge. Not every new eruption will necessarily lie far from population centers or vital infrastructure. Some might differ in style to the recent pair. Multiple eruptions might even happen at once. Scientists can extract only so much information from ancient volcanic rocks, the oldest of which are often buried under younger flows.

“Surprises are to be expected,” McGarvie says.

Regardless, these ferocious fires ultimately benefit everyone: They are gifting scientists with an unparalleled look at the connective tissue between the igneous abyss below and the lava-licked landscape above. Their efforts help improve our understanding of Earth’s viscera, of Iceland’s volcanic cadence, and of this peninsula’s volcanic dangers.

“Here, we have a fantastic natural experiment,” says Ilyinskaya. “It will for sure lead to many scientific discoveries.”

The sputtering lava has already begun building small mounds of spatter near the fissure and filling the valley with a pool of molten rock. It’s unclear for now if the lava will remain confined to these valleys or will travel further afield, perhaps reaching the sea. But for now, says Evgenia Ilyinskaya, a volcanologist at the University of Leeds, the eruption is providing scientists with “a fantastic natural experiment.”

[parttimereporter]

BERKS COUNTY SHAKER: READING PA EARTHQUAKE

It is unrelated to the New Jersey swarm..

MORE..

According to USGS, a magnitude 2.4 earthquake struck outside of Reading, Pennsylvania this afternoon. At 4:36 pm today, from a depth of 8km, the earthquake struck just southeast of where Highways 422 and 202 merge in Wyomissing, due west of downtown Reading.

While no damage or injuries have been reported, more than two dozen people used the “Did you feel it?” reporting tool on the USGS website to report they felt shaking from this earthquake. USGS says the earthquake struck in an area known as the Lancaster seismic zone.

#BERKS COUNTY #pennsylvania #earthquake #reading PA

[double-d-circuitbreakers]

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[sftsocialnews]

A volcano has erupted on the Reykjanes peninsula of south-west Iceland after weeks of intense earthquake activity.Footage from above showed lava bursting from the volcano just an hour after an earthquake swarm, or seismic events, were detected.The eruption started north of the fishing town of Grindavik - south-west of the capital Reykjavik - at 22:17 GMT on Monday, the Icelandic Met Office said.Read more on this story here. #Iceland #volcano #Spectacular #video #eruption

[marketresearch99]

Redefining Warehouse Operations: Unveiling the Dynamic Landscape and Future Projections of the Warehouse Robotics Market in 2023

The landscape of warehousing and logistics is undergoing a seismic transformation propelled by the relentless evolution of robotics and automation technologies. In 2023, the Warehouse Robotics Market stands at the forefront of this revolution, redefining efficiency, scalability, and precision within the realm of modern supply chains.

Rise of Robotics in Warehousing: Robots have emerged as pivotal assets in warehouses, facilitating seamless operations, optimizing workflows, and meeting the increasing demands of e-commerce, retail, manufacturing, and logistics industries. In 2023, the Warehouse Robotics Market showcases an array of intelligent machines, including autonomous mobile robots (AMRs), robotic arms, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and robotic pickers, all designed to enhance productivity and accuracy.

Enhanced Efficiency and Optimization: The integration of warehouse robotics has led to significant enhancements in operational efficiency. These robots excel in repetitive and labor-intensive tasks such as goods transportation, picking, packing, sorting, and inventory management. Their ability to work continuously and precisely, without fatigue or errors, ensures a streamlined and error-free fulfillment process, thereby reducing costs and enhancing customer satisfaction.

Adaptability and Scalability: One of the hallmarks of warehouse robotics in 2023 is their adaptability and scalability. These systems are designed to seamlessly integrate with existing warehouse infrastructures, software systems, and other robotics, enabling a modular and flexible approach to automation. Such adaptability allows warehouses to scale operations according to fluctuating demands, ensuring an agile response to market dynamics.

Technological Advancements: In 2023, warehouse robotics continue to evolve with cutting-edge technologies. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) algorithms enable robots to optimize routes, learn from past experiences, and make real-time decisions, thereby continuously improving their efficiency and performance. Additionally, advancements in sensor technology and vision systems enhance robots' perception and navigation abilities within warehouse environments.

Safety and Collaboration: The Warehouse Robotics Market places paramount importance on safety features and collaborative robotics. Robots are equipped with advanced sensors and safety protocols to operate in close proximity to humans safely. Collaborative robots, or cobots, work alongside human workers, complementing their efforts and increasing overall productivity while ensuring a safe working environment.

For More Info@ https://www.gmiresearch.com/report/warehouse-robotics-market/

Future Outlook and Industry Adoption: Looking ahead, the Warehouse Robotics Market is poised for exponential growth. Forecasts indicate widespread adoption across industries, with increased investments in robotics-driven automation. Innovations such as swarm robotics, 3D vision systems, and improved human-robot collaboration are expected to further revolutionize warehouse operations in the coming years.

Conclusion: In 2023, the Warehouse Robotics Market stands as a beacon of innovation, transforming traditional warehousing practices into highly efficient, agile, and technologically advanced operations. As robotics continue to evolve, their integration into warehouses promises a future of increased efficiency, scalability, and adaptability, shaping the backbone of modern supply chains. With their prowess in streamlining operations and meeting the demands of a rapidly evolving market, warehouse robotics undoubtedly herald a new era of logistics efficiency.

[svayarobotics]

In the realm of industrial robots, the narrative is swiftly evolving, as innovation propels us into a future brimming with technological marvels. These machines, once confined to assembly lines and manufacturing floors, have metamorphosed into dynamic entities, reshaping industries with their prowess and collaborative robots are at the vanguard, steering this evolution.

In essence, industrial robots have transcended their traditional roles. They're no longer mere mechanical arms dutifully performing repetitive tasks. Instead, they've evolved into adaptive entities, capable of learning, collaborating, and making nuanced decisions. This transformation has unlocked a new era, characterized by enhanced efficiency, precision, and safety within industrial settings.

The Dawn of Collaborative Robots

Enter the realm of collaborative robots, often termed cobots, an ingenious iteration in the domain of automation. These robots are designed to work harmoniously alongside humans, merging the advantages of automation with human dexterity and intelligence. Their design ethos prioritizes safety and flexibility, heralding a seismic shift in industrial dynamics.

These agile machines possess the ability to perform intricate tasks with finesse, augmenting human efforts rather than replacing them. Their inherent adaptability allows them to swiftly switch between various functions, making them an invaluable asset across diverse industries. From assembly lines to intricate laboratory processes, their versatility knows no bounds.

Reliability Redefined: The Essence of Industrial Robotics

Central to this paradigm shift is the concept of reliable robotics. The reliability quotient encapsulates not just robust hardware but also the sophistication of software and the adaptability of these machines to dynamic operational landscapes. These robots are engineered with redundancies, fail-safes, and self-diagnostic capabilities, ensuring uninterrupted operations and minimal downtime.

The fusion of reliability with advanced functionalities epitomizes the modern industrial robot. They're more than mechanical marvels; they're intelligent entities intertwined with predictive analytics and machine learning algorithms. This amalgamation equips them to anticipate operational anomalies, optimize performance, and learn from real-time data inputs.

Redefining Industrial Landscapes

In the manufacturing cosmos, these innovations reverberate profoundly. Industries witness a tangible metamorphosis in productivity, precision, and safety protocols. Where human capabilities once dictated the pace and precision of production, the synergy between humans and collaborative robots now amplifies output while ensuring meticulous attention to detail.

Moreover, the integration of reliable robotics has redefined the threshold of operational excellence. Flawless execution of tasks, minimal error margins, and the ability to navigate intricate processes characterize the new normal. Industries have embraced this evolution, leveraging these advancements to streamline operations and catalyze unprecedented growth.

The Future Outlook:

As we peer into the future, the trajectory of industrial robotics appears infinitely promising. The relentless pursuit of innovation promises even more sophisticated robots, capable of traversing uncharted territories of industrial complexity. Concepts like decentralized control systems, swarm robotics, and enhanced human-robot interaction stand as testament to this unfolding saga of progress.

Conclusion:

The synergy between collaborative robots, reliable robotics, and the evolving landscape of industrial robots delineates a compelling narrative. It's a saga of technological leaps, where machines cease to be mere tools but become intelligent collaborators in our quest for efficiency and innovation. This symbiotic relationship between human ingenuity and machine capabilities heralds a future where possibilities are boundless.

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#industrial automation #collaborative robots #technology #cobots #robotics #industrial robot manufacturers

[portlandnet]

#earthquakeother

[newstfionline]

Sunday, October 29, 2023

64% of Americans support getting rid of seasonal time changes (Yahoo News) Every year, millions of people in the United States sigh and begrudgingly set their clocks backward one hour on the first Sunday of November and forward one hour on the second Sunday of March, all in service of daylight saving time—gaining or losing an hour of sleep in the process. Now a majority of Americans say they’ve had enough and are ready to ditch the biannual custom. A recent survey commissioned by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) found that 6 in 10 Americans (64%) support eliminating seasonal time changes, with 27% of respondents saying public health and safety was the top factor for elected officials to consider when discussing legislation about daylight saving time.

Acapulco residents are fending for themselves in absence of aid (AP) In a city without water, electricity or gasoline, where desperate people have been allowed, even encouraged, to take essential goods from damaged stores since Hurricane Otis smashed Acapulco, state police officer Raúl Gallardo stood guard over a mountain of excess. Gallardo explained the distinction authorities have been making—in some cases—between what people can take and what would end up in his pile. People can take “what you can consume—water, tuna, mayonnaise, that you can take,�� he said. What isn’t allowed is big-ticket items—“appliances, for example,” he said, swiveling to point at the refrigerators behind him. “What’s not within the basket of basic foodstuffs, you can’t take.” Acapulco’s desperate residents cleaned out the city’s largest stores in three days. It was not isolated to any particular neighborhood or carried out under cover of darkness, but widespread and in full view of authorities, who have conceded they do not have the resources or in most cases the will to intervene.

London hate crimes rise again in wake of Middle East conflict (Reuters) Antisemitic and Islamaphobic incidents have almost doubled in just over a week in London, police data showed on Friday, in the wake of the attack by Hamas militants on southern Israel nearly three weeks ago and subsequent bombardment by Israel of Gaza. There have been growing tensions in Britain and elsewhere since Hamas gunmen rampaged through Israeli towns and Israel besieged Gaza in response, with pro-Palestinian demonstrations and vigils held by Jewish groups in solidarity with hostages, some of whom are British, who were taken by the militants. Commander Kyle Gordon said there had been 408 antisemitic incidents recorded in the British capital so far this month compared to 28 in the same period last year, while there had been 174 Islamophobic offences compared to 65. In both cases the numbers were almost twice as high as those given a week ago.

Earthquakes beset Italian town as supervolcano rumbles (Reuters) The talk in shops and coffee bars in Pozzuoli, a port town outside Naples, is not about soccer or politics, but of the fear that has gripped residents since a supervolcano sparked a swarm of earthquakes. Over the past weeks the government has been planning for a possible mass evacuation of tens of thousands of people who live around the vast volcanic area known as the Campi Flegrei, or Phlegraean Fields, from the ancient Greek word for burning. There were more than a thousand quakes in September, most of them minor. But a 4.2 magnitude earthquake on Sept. 27, the strongest jolt in more than 40 years to rattle the volcanic field, sparked fears that what scientists call a “seismic crisis” may be underway for the first time since the early 1980s. When a similar crisis struck four decades ago, it lasted several years and forced the temporary evacuation of 40,000 people from Pozzuoli, known as the hometown of actress Sophia Loren.

Their Sons Went Missing Fighting for Ukraine. They Want Answers. (NYT) Hundreds of women draped in Ukrainian flags, carrying banners and balloons, chanted on the street around the corner from the president’s office last week. Blocked by police officers and sandbags, they called on President Volodymyr Zelensky by name. “Zelensky! Zelensky! Zelensky! Zelensky!” Public complaints about the conditions soldiers are suffering at the front, and the rising numbers of dead and missing, have been a phenomenon seen in Russia since its full-scale invasion of Ukraine last year. But last week’s demonstration was a rare venting on the Ukrainian side, from families desperate for news of soldiers who have gone missing in action over more than 20 months of fighting. The number of Ukrainians missing in the war runs to 26,000. Fifteen thousand soldiers are missing in action, the Interior Ministry said earlier this month and 11,000 civilians. Relatives of missing soldiers have become increasingly frustrated by the government’s failure to provide answers.

Residents in rural Australia urged to evacuate as bushfires rage (Reuters) Authorities on Saturday urged thousands of people in Australia’s Queensland state to evacuate as bushfires that have destroyed at least 30 homes continued to threaten rural towns. More than 35 bushfires were burning on Saturday in Queensland, with the town of Tara, about 890 kilometres (550 miles) north of state capital Brisbane, among areas most at risk, according to fire authorities. Australia faces a high-risk bushfire season after the onset of an El Nino weather event, associated with extreme events such as wildfires, cyclones and droughts.

Israeli says it is expanding its ground operation in Gaza (AP) Israel said Saturday it is expanding its ground operation in Gaza with infantry and armored vehicles backed by “massive” strikes from the air and sea, including the bombing of Hamas tunnels—a key target in its campaign to crush the territory’s ruling group after its bloody incursion in southern Israel three weeks ago. The Israeli military released grainy images of tank columns moving slowly in open areas of Gaza and said warplanes bombed dozens of Hamas tunnels and underground bunkers. “The forces are still on the ground and are continuing the war,” the army spokesman, Rear Adm. Daniel Hagari, said Saturday, indicating that the next stage has begun in what is expected to evolve into an all-out ground offensive in northern Gaza. The new stage in the campaign began late Friday, with the bombardment knocking out communications in besieged Gaza, cutting off the 2.3 million people there from contact with the outside world. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu told the nation Saturday night that the military has opened a “second stage” in the war against Hamas. “It will be long and difficult,” he said. The Palestinian death toll in Gaza on Saturday rose to just over 7,700 people since the war began, with 377 deaths reported since late Friday, according to the Gaza Health Ministry. A majority of those killed have been women and minors, the ministry said.

The brutal logic of tying colorful pieces of string around children’s wrists in Gaza (Washington Post) Amid close to three punishing weeks of Israeli airstrikes, a bleak practice has emerged in Gaza. Some parents in the embattled, besieged territory are scrawling the names of their children on the limbs of the little ones. Others are tying makeshift identification bracelets or little colorful pieces of string around their wrists. There’s a simple, brutal logic: As the Palestinian death toll soars past 7,000 killed, including close to 3,000 children, according to aid agencies, morgues and hospitals are overwhelmed. Muslim clerics have approved mass burials for the unidentified dead, but families hope that clearer markers of identification may prevent that fate for their slain loved ones. “If something happens,” a 40-year-old father told Reuters, “this way I will recognise them.” The war has plunged the lives of ordinary Palestinians in Gaza into crisis. They have endured 16 years under Israeli blockade, but now find themselves largely without fuel, water, electricity and other basics for survival. Israel unilaterally ordered the evacuation of civilians from northern areas of Gaza for their own safety, but many have died in airstrikes farther to the south.

Saudi Arabia Warns U.S.: Israeli Invasion of Gaza Could Be Catastrophic (NYT) Saudi officials have firmly warned the United States in recent days that an Israeli ground incursion into Gaza could be catastrophic for the Middle East. Senior Saudi officials have raised concerns that a ground invasion could turn into a disaster for the entire region, according to one Saudi official and a second person with knowledge of the discussions. The exchanges came as tensions rippled outward from the Gaza Strip. Essentials like water and fuel are increasingly scarce as Israel bombards and besieges the enclave in response to the Oct. 7 attack on Israel by Hamas, the armed Palestinian group that rules Gaza.

Students on the Run, Schools Taken by Troops and a Generation’s Catastrophe (NYT) Universities and primary and secondary schools across Sudan remain closed six months after the war began, jeopardizing the future of an entire generation. With an estimated 19 million children out of school, Sudan is on the verge of becoming “the worst education crisis in the world,” the United Nations Children’s Fund warned this month. Teachers across the northeast African nation have gone unpaid and young people out of school have been exposed to physical and mental threats, including recruitment into armed groups. Universities and government educational offices have been destroyed or used as defense positions, and at least 171 schools have been turned into emergency shelters for displaced people, according to a spokesman with the U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. “If this war continues, the damage to the education system will be irreparable,” said Munzoul Assal, who until April was a social anthropology professor at the Faculty of Economics and Social Studies at the University of Khartoum.

#headlines #news