Verena Holmes;
The first female engineer.
A small, almost insignificant workshop, tucked away in a Gillingham street is part of a previously unknown story, featuring the countries, first female engineer.
This was pioneering, Verena Winifred Holmes 1889–1964, who long held an ambition, during her successful career to own an engineering company, with an all female staff.
In 1946, after years of searching and planning, Verena Holmes founded the engineering firm, Holmes and Leather Company Limited with, Sheila Leather 1898–1983, a fellow member at the Women’s Engineering Society.
Verena Holmes.
Co-owner of the Beresford Works in Gillingham, Miss Sheila Leather.
Miss Leather later, following on from Miss Holmes became president of the Women’s Engineering Society in 1950. Both her sisters, Alice Muriel Hutchinson 1885–1969 and Lady Wemonah Hardwick Ansorge 1890–1979 invested in the Gillingham engineering company.
A small building in Beresford Road, close to Gillingham Road in Gillingham was found. The ground floor, with an outside toilet became a work-shop with several lathes. Via an internal open staircase, there were two small offices, one used by Miss Holmes as her drawing office.
The Beresford Works, Beresford Road, Gillingham, Kent - present day. Copyright: Mike Gunnill.
From the beginning, Ruth Faris 1910–2002, who liked to be called simply; ‘Faris’, was employed as the works-manager. She was originally from The Borough, Downton, in Wiltshire where her father, Ernest Frank Faris, a ex-seaman, was the local butcher. ‘Faris’ was highly qualified especially on the lathe, and would help train new staff, who Miss Holmes wanted with little, or no previous engineering experience. Most ladies were taken directly from the unemployment office in Gillingham. One of these recruits, was Mrs Amy Page of Chatham, who was the works-painter, finishing off, items made in the factory.
An office manager, Mrs Glasspool nee Burnett joined and like ‘Faris’ stayed with the company for the trading years, of 1946 to 1959.
As a new company, Miss Holmes considered various ideas to manufacture, including making: children’s prams, Yankee screwdrivers, map measures and parallel rulers. Finally they started production with a Bantam Shearing Machine, followed by a Bantam Rod Cutter and then, the successful, safe-guillotine.
The guillotine with the later added, safeguard was deemed safe enough to use in schools and the Gillingham company produced hundred’s of them!
Newspaper advert for the Beresford Works.
The yard and part of the building are now empty, behind number 203 and number 2 Beresford Road; which was owned by upholsterer, Leslie Louis Clarke. The building and yard are now owned by a builder with the upstairs office area converted into a small flat with its own street access.
Miss Holmes was officially registered living at 127 Highbury New Park, London, and later owned a semi-detached house at, 8 Rusholme Road in Putney. During her time in the Medway Towns from 1946–1959 she rented from 1947, a semi-detached house at 2 Cleave Road, Gillingham, then a terraced house, 33 Leyton Avenue in Gillingham. Finally between 1956–1959 a nearby semi-detached property, at 40 Osprey Avenue, Gillingham in Kent.
There is a local suggestion, that Miss Faris, the factory manager, may have rented 205 Gillingham Road, Gillingham. This was, just a short walk from the Beresford Works factory.
One of the great joys of Verena’s life, and her mode of transport; was her motorcycle, used between North London and Gillingham, and for visiting friends. The photograph used here, shows Miss Holmes astride a AJS machine, first made in 1929, with a M8 Twinport 500cc engine. The registration plate was, GE 8556.
Copyright by kind permission of Andrew Fox, Private Collection.
Rainham Kent historic-motorcycle expert Michael Best, who idenified the bike from the photograph says,
“ The bike wasn’t difficult to handle but had a large frame and the power was low. It had poor acceleration and didn’t have a high speed. These shouldn’t be compared with the modern combustion engines.”
The image of Miss Holmes is thought to have been taken in 1934, while visiting a Loughborough College friend, Nancy Johnson 1902–1993. Mrs Nancy Johnson was an ‘automobile labortary assistant’ at the college and is pictured with sisters, Helen and Pam Johnson and William Johnson in Pulham, Dorset. Miss Holmes suitcase is seen strapped to the rear seat of her bike.
In letters found recently, Verena Holmes expressed her “great enjoyment” pushing her bike up a hill, with a young 15 year old boy assisting. Then trying to start the engine on the way down the hill. She added later:
“ It was a pleasant way, to spend an afternoon.”
On the 8th April, 1959 Verena Holmes wrote in her private diary, that she was closing the Beresford Works. There had been several personality clashes with some women not wanting to work together. There was, ‘a little friction’ between Miss Holmes and her factory-manager, Miss Faris, who towards the end of the company, disappeared for long periods and then returned as if nothing had happened. Faris also had a “falling-out” with the company co-owner Sheila Leather and the pair didn’t speak for many years.
Miss Verena Winifred Holmes, 1889–1964 was born at Highworth, Maidstone Road in Ashford Kent, the daughter of Edmond Gore Alexander Holmes 1850–1936 and Florence Mary Holmes 1861–1927 nee Syme. The family plus Peter Macfanlane Syme 1829–1893, Mrs Holmes father, lived in the large house, with five servants.
Her father was a school inspector, later the chief inspector of elementary schools in England. The family lived in a private house, which is now; Gower House part of Highworth Grammar School for Girls. The school maintains a link with Verena Holmes and a collaborative exhibition with Ashford Museum held in 2022, is due to be repeated this year. In addition the school will again celebrate Women’s World Engineering Day on June 23rd, which is Verena Holmes’s birthday.
Gower House, once the home of the Holmes family in Ashford, Kent.
She was an unassuming woman who enjoyed her engineering lifestyle and her pioneering achievements were many, with the word “first” repeated many times.
* 1919 An early member of the Women’s Engineering Society.
* Loughborough College, 1922 Graduated BSc(Eng).
* Worked briefly for a marine engineering firm and then tried technical writing in the United States.
* 1924 became an associate of the Institution of Marine Engineers and the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and worked for the North British Locomotive Company.
* 1931 The first woman admitted to the Institute of Women’s Engineers. President of the Women’s Engineering Society, 1931–1932.
* 1932–9 Working at Research Engineers Limited. Here she built her most ambitious invention, the Poppet Valve for steam locomotives.
* During WW2, she worked on; rotary gyro valves for torpedoes, new superchargers, and other apparatus for the Admiralty, designing the complicated mechanism for Lord Mountbatten’s station-keeping system. Set up a programme to train women for war time munitions work.
* 1940 Appointed headquarters technical officer with the Ministry of Labour (1940–44).
* 1944 gained full membership of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers.
* 1946 Founded her own engineering firm, Holmes and Leather, which only employed women.
* Created the Women’s Technical Service Register, where girls could enrol to train for positions like; junior draughtsman and laboratory assistant.
It was during the last days at her company; Holmes and Leather, it was noticed she was becoming fragile. She was nursed through pneumonia by friends, but she wouldn’t take medical advice, and continued working, moving to a nursing home, when only required to do so.
Miss Verena Winifred Holmes, 1889–1964 B.Sc(Eng.), A.M.I.Mech.E., M.I.Loco, E.,M.Inst.Met., A.M.I.Mar.E., died of heart problems in the Whitehanger Nursing Home, Danley Vale in Haslemere, Sussex on the 20th February, 1964.
During her time at the Beresford Works, Miss Holmes (left) with works manager Ruth Faris. Image: Copyright: Historic Images, America.
Her Will of 18th February, 1953 used her resident address of 33 Leyton Avenue in Gillingham. Miss Holmes made bequests to her sister, Florence Ruth Holmes, various relations and to the Women’s Engineering Society, who received £100. She made an addition to the Will or a codicil on the 26th November, 1959 to accomadate a new bequest.
Six years later, the Gillingham address had become a former residence and 8 Rusholme Road in Putney, the main addrss. The codicil was witnessed by; Mrs Aimee Violet Hall, the Matron of Whitehanger. So by November 1959, Verena Holmes may have been living at the Haslemere nursing home.
Leyton Avenue, Gillingham where Miss Holmes wrote her Will. Copyright: Mike Gunnill
As an addition to her main Will, Miss Verena Holmes left a pecuniary legacy of £2,000 to her old Holmes-Leather factory-manager and friend Ruth Faris. She was then living with her sister; Mrs Constance Joan Bishop 1921–2016 at, 124 The Borough in the village of Downton, Salisbury in Wiltshire, where she died in 2002.
Miss Verena Holmes in 1931.
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