#japanese american internment

[fokikowest]

Think reparations are impossible? The story of Japanese Americans proves otherwise

#remember japanese american internment camps #japanese american internment #japanese american #japanese #japanese internment #reparations #black americans #reparations for black americans

[celluloiddreamzzz]

A very young George Takei, in the arms of his mother, Fumiko Emily Takei. On the right is George’s father, Takekuma Norman Takei. In the center stands Toyasaku Komai, the publisher of Rafu Shimpo, the oldest English-Japanese newspaper in the United States. Except for a period of inactivity during the WWII-era internment of Japanese-Americans the paper has been active since 1903.

#george takei #fumiko emily takei #toyasaku komai #takekuma norman takei #rafu shimpo #japanese american internment #wwii #early life #1930s #to the stars - the autobiography of george takei

[tempest-melody]

I love to travel but not every place is beautiful. Some places are beautiful but they have dark pasta. This video dives into Amache, one of the Japanese Interment Camps, an American Concentration Camp and the injustice done there.

#colorado #Amache #internment camps #concentration camp #WWII #us history #American history #dark history #National historic site #Japanese American internment #pearl harbor #pacific theater #Japanese American history #japanese americans #travel blogger #road trip #Youtube

[fdrlibrary]

Artifact Road Trip - Utah

Artist Chiura Obata was teaching in the Art Department at the University of California, Berkeley when Executive Order 9066 was signed by President Roosevelt on February 19, 1942. It led to the incarceration of approximately 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry. Roughly 80,000 were American citizens. They were forced from their homes and confined in remote government-run camps. Obata and his family were confined at the Central Utah (Topaz) camp. Obata established an art school there and continued his own work as a painter.

In May 1943, shortly after Eleanor Roosevelt’s well publicized visit to the Gila River camp in Arizona, a delegation from the Japanese American Citizens League visited the White House to express their gratitude for her concern for the treatment of Japanese Americans. During their visit they presented this painting of the Topaz camp to the First Lady. On June 16, Mrs. Roosevelt sent a letter to Obata thanking him for the painting. She displayed it in her New York City apartment until her death.

Find out more about this #ArtifactRoadTrip painting on our Digital Artifact Collection: https://fdr.artifacts.archives.gov/objects/13515

Follow along each week as we feature a different artifact in our Museum Collection from each of the United States.

#utah #japanese american artist #japanese american internment #wwii #world war 2 #artifact road trip

[infactforgetthepark]

[Free Audiobooks] A Brief History of Fascist Lies by Federico Finchelstein & No-No Boy by Ken Narasaki [Global Politics & Post-WWII Japanese-American Drama Play]

The annual SYNC Summer of Listening program continues, promoting literacy among teens by giving away YA-friendly weekly paired audiobooks—1 modern, 1 classic/drama performance—free for a limited time courtesy of the the participating publishers and sponsor AudioFile Magazine.

This 4th week's featured selections, free through Wednesday May 25th, have a theme of “Political Reckoning”, going over the rise and fallout of political decisions:

A Brief History of Fascist Lies by Argentinian historian Federico Finchelstein, read by Edoardo Ballerini from Post Hypnotic Press. This accessibly-written short non-fiction book introduces both past and current affairs, covering the rise of fascist politicians globally throughout the 20th century, as well as discussing present-day fascist-leaning world leaders.

No-No Boy by actor and playwright Ken Narasaki, performed by a full cast from L. A. Theatre Works. This is an historical drama play, adapted from the eponymous 1957 novel by the late John Okada, which deals with the aftermath of the internment of Japanese-American citizens during World War II, based on the author's own experiences, as a young man finally released from imprisonment returns to his much-changed home in Seattle to try to rebuild his interrupted life, and was an Earphones Award Winner in this audio performance.

The freebies are claimed via the Overdrive Sora app for iOS & Android or directly via the Sora website. You'll need to register just once with a valid email address and the signup code provided via the front page of the promotion and follow the instructions on the FAQ page to “Borrow” each week's featured selections for a permanent loan you can listen to anytime via online streaming on all devices or download for just the apps. NB: if you need to free up space on your device later, be sure to follow the FAQ instructions to ONLY delete the downloaded files and NOT “Return” which would remove your future access.

Offered free worldwide through Wednesday May 25th (until just before midnight Eastern Time), available directly from the Sora website and apps, and you can sneak peek the upcoming featured selections to see if there's anything you'd be particularly interested in.

#free audiobook #federico finchelstein #ken narasaki #john okada #history #theatre #historical fiction #politics #fascism #japanese american internment #world war ii

[waittimegreaterthan60mins]

Obata recruited other imprisoned artists to offer art classes at the incarceration camp. One of his fellow artists, George Matsusaburo Hibi, later described the vicious dust storms of the Utah desert:

When we arrived at Topaz, it was quite hot and dusty; and when the wind blew, dust covered the whole mile-square camp. We could hardly see a few yards away. But when the dust storm ended, we could only see around us sage brushes in the vast broad plains as far as to the foot of mountains which rise around this area. . . . Not a single grass was growing, nor of course a flower. The world was covered only with gray color, and we felt that we were dumped en masse into a desert where only scorpions and coyotes were living.

Chiura Obata, Dust Storm, Topaz, 1943, watercolor on paper

#Chiura Obata #Dust Storm #Topaz #1943 #watercolor on paper #art #japanese american #japanese american internment

[emeraldcoin]

actually mutuals what's your favorite American candy/soft drink/chocolate/snack

#I just wanna try something new #planning on going to our international candy store this weekend #tho even when they say that it feels like it's 85% American and Japanese products tbh #x

[wmaf-world-international]

WMAF couple / family # 3 - American 🇺🇸 and Japanese 🇯🇵

Mike and Minami have been together since 2016. Their son Leo was born in 2022

#wmaf #whitemaleasianfemale #interracial #interracial love #interracial couple #international couple #wmaw #afwm #white guy #asian girl #white guys asian girls #couples #couple love #couple goals #mixed couple #国際カップル #american guy #american #japanese #japanese girl #american japanese #japanese american #🇺🇸🇯🇵 #🇯🇵🇺🇸

[californiastatelibrary]

These images and documents, all of which are available via the National Archives (archives.gov), show a part of United States history that should never be forgotten.

Image Caption: Oakland, California, April 1942. Part of family unit of Japanese ancestry leave Wartime Civil Control Administration station on afternoon of evacuation, under Civilian Exclusion Order Number 28. Social worker directs these evacuees to the waiting bus.

"On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, stripping people of Japanese descent of their civil rights.  That order and the subsequent actions carried out by the Federal Government represent one of the most shameful chapters in our Nation’s history.  On this Day of Remembrance of Japanese American Incarceration During World War II, we acknowledge the unjust incarceration of some 120,000 Japanese Americans, approximately two-thirds of whom were born in the United States." — President Biden, 2022

Image Caption: Los Angeles, California, April 1942. Mr. and Mrs. K. Iseri have closed their drugstore in preparation for the forthcoming evacuation from their "Little Tokyo" in Los Angeles.

The State Library's California Civil Liberties Public Education Grants are part of our efforts to shine a light on this dark time in our history. The California Civil Liberties Public Education Program funds projects which seek to spread awareness of civil liberties injustices of all types — including, but not limited to, the internment of Japanese Americans during Word War II. 

Image Caption: Oakland, California. Following evacuation orders, this store, at 13th and Franklin Streets, was closed. The owner, a University of California graduate of Japanese descent, placed the "I AM AN AMERICAN" sign on the store front on Dec. 8, the day after Pearl Harbor. 

The deadline for grant applications is April 14, 2023. To learn more, and to submit an application, please visit the Civil Liberties Program page at https://www.library.ca.gov/grants/civil-liberties/.

Image Caption: Document from “Evacuee Property Department” with handwritten numbers showing the number of evacuees, vehicles, and property under Civilian Exclusion Order Number 23 (Vacaville).  

Image Caption: Page one of the Official Exclusion Order (sometimes also called Evacuation Order) for Multnomah County, Oregon. “Instructions to all persons of Japanese ancestry” is written in large letters across the top. 

#internment #japanese americans #california history #1940s #ww2 #word war 2 #world war ii #wwii #history #human rights #civil rights

[todaysdocument]

At the beginning of WWII, Naval Intelligence officers concluded that there were around 10,000 Japanese Americans who could pose a threat to the U.S.

Army General DeWitt used his authority to incarcerate 120,000. 

U.S. v Korematsu, Exhibit Q, April 30, 1943. 

Record Group 21: Records of District Courts of the United States

Series: Criminal Case Files

File Unit: United States v. Korematsu

Transcription: 

Edward J. Ennis

Director

Exhibit Q

Department of Justice

Alien Enemy Control Unit

Washington

April 30, 1943

[stamp] DEPARTMENT OF [illegible]

SEP 1[illegible] 1951

DIVISION OF [illegible]

ATTORNEY GENERAL [end stamp]

MEMORANDUM FOR THE SOLICITOR GENERAL

RE: Japanese Brief

Last week with our draft of the [underlined] Hirabayeshi [end underlined] brief I transmitted to Mr. Raum somematerial which I thought he would find helpful in obtaining a background view of the context of this case. In particular, I sent him a copy of Harpers Magazine for October 1942, which contains an article entitled [underlined] The Japanese in America, The Problem and the Solution, [end underline] which is said to be by "An Intelligence Officer". without attempting to summarize this article, it stated among other things that:

1. The number of Japanese aliens and citizens who would act as saboteurs and enemy agents was less than 3,500 throughout the entire United States.

2. Of the Japanese aliens, "the large majority are at least passively loyal to the United States".

3. "The Americanization of Nisei (American-born Japanese) is far advanced."

4. With the exception of a few identified persons who were prominent in pro-Japanese organization the only important group of dangerous Japanese were the Kibei (American-born Japanese predominantly educated in Japan).

5. "The identity of Kibei can be readily ascertained from United States Government records."

6. "Had this war not come along at this time, in another ten or fifteen years there would have been no Japanese problem, for the Issei would have passed on, and the Nisei taken their place naturally in American communities and national life."

This article concludes: "To sum up: The  'Japanese Problem' has been magnified out of its true proportion largely because of the physical characteristics of the Japanese people. It should not be handled on the basis of the [underlined: individual], regardless of citizenship and [underlined: not] on a racial basis." (Emphasis in original.)

I thought this article interesting even though it was substantially anonymous. I now attach much more significance to it because a memorandum prepared by Lt. Con. X. D. Ringle, who has until very recently been Assis-

[handwritten in bottom right corner] #8 [end handwritten]

[page 2]

tant District Intelligence Officer, 1th Naval District, in charge of naval intelligence in that district (which includes Los Angeles), and who was formerly Assistant District Intelligence Officer in Hawaii, has come to my attention. A comparison of this memorandum with the article leaves no doubt that the author of the Harpers article is Lt. Com. K. D. Ringle. There are many long passages in the first person relating to personal experiences which are identical in the two writings.

  In addition I am informed entirely unofficially by the persons in the Office of Naval Intelligence that Lt. Com. Ringle in fact was lent to War Relocation Authority to prepare a manual on the background of the Japanese who were being evacuated from an Intelligence or security viewpoint, for the use of the WRA personnel. After this memorandum was prepared permission was obtained to abstract it and publish it anonymously in Harpers. Thus the Harpers article, which clearly indicates that the method of evacuation was wrong and that it would have been sufficient to evacuate not more than 10,000 know Japanese and that it would now be sage to release all but not more than 10,000 presently identified Japanese, was written by a Naval Intelligence officer who was on duty from 1940 until very recently in the Los Angeles area, from which approximately one-third of the evacuation came.

  I have furthermore been most informally, but altogether reliably, advised that both the article and the WRA memorandum prepared by Lt. Com. Ringle represent the views, if not of the Navy, at least of those Naval Intelligence officers in charge of Japanese counter-intelligence work. It has been suggested to me quite clearly that it is the view of these officers that the whole evacuation scheme was carried out badly and that it would have been sufficient to evacuate the following three groups:

1. The Kibei.

2. The parents of Kibei.

3. A known group of aliens and citizens who were active members of pro-Japanese societies such as the Japanese Navy League, the Military Virtue Society, etc.

Since the naval officers believe that it was necessary to evacuate only about 10,000 people they could have identified by name, they did not feel that it was necessary to evacuate all of the Japanese. Presumably, they did not make this view known fourteen months ago for the reasons that Secretary Knox was at that time greatly exercised about the Japanese Fifth Column and that, since it was the Army's problem, it was safer to keep quiet than to brave the political storm then raging.

In retrospect it appears that this Department made a mistake fourteen months ago in not bringing the Office of Naval Intelligence into the

[page 3]

controversy. I suppose that the reason that it did not occur to any of us to do this was the extreme position then taken by the Secretary of the Navy.

   To have done so would have been wholly reasonable, since by the terms of the so-called delimitation agreement it was agreed that Naval Intelligence should specialize on the Japanese, while Army Intelligence occupied other fields. I have not seen the document, but I have repeatedly been told that Army, before the war, agreed in writing to permit the Navy to conduct its Japanese intelligence work for it. I think it follows, therefore, that to a very considerable extent the Army, in acting upon the opinion of Intelligence officers, is bound by the opinion of the Naval officers in Japanese matters. Thus, had we known that the Navy thought that 90% of the evacuation was unnecessary, we could strongly have urged upon Gen. DeWitt that he could not base a military judgment to the contrary upon Intelligence reports, as he now claims to do.

Lt. Com. Ringle's full memorandum is somewhat more complete than the version published in Harpers and I think you will be interested in reading it. In the past year I have looked at  great numbers of reports, memoranda, and articles on the Japanese, and it is my opinion that this is the most reasonable and objective discussion of the security problem presented by the presence of the Japanese minority. In view of the inherent reasonableness of this memorandum and in view of the fact that we now know that it represents the view of the Intelligence agency having the most direct responsibility for investigating the Japanese from the security viewpoint, I feel that we should be extremely careful in taking any position on the facts more hostile to the Japanese than the position of Lt. Com. Ringle. I attach the Department's only copy of this memorandum.

  Furthermore, in view of the fact that the Department of Justice is now representing the Army in the Supreme Court of the United States and is arguing that a partial, selective evacuation was impracticable, we must consider most carefully what our obligation to the Court is in view of the fact that the responsible Intelligence agency regarded a selective evacuation as not only sufficient but preferable. It is my opinion that certainly one of the most difficult questions in the whole case is raised by the fact that the Army did not evacuate people after any hearing or on any individual determination of dangerousness, but evacuated the entire racial group. The briefs filed by appellants in the Ninth Circuit particularly pressed the point that no individual consideration was given, and I regard it as certain that this point will be stressed even more, assuming that competent counsel represent appellants, in the Supreme Court. Thus, in one of the crucial points of the case the Government is forced to argue that individual, selective evacuation would have been impractical and insufficient when we have positive knowledge that the only Intelligence agency responsible for advising Gen. DeWitt gave him advice directly to the contrary.

[page 4[

In view of this fact, I think we should consider very carefully whether we do not have a duty to advise the Court of the existence of the Ringle memorandum and of the fact that this represents the view of the Office of Naval Intelligence. It occurs to me that any other course of conduct might approximate the suppression of evidence.

  As I have said, my information that the Ringle memorandum represents the view of the Office of Naval Intelligence has come to me informally. I feel, therefore, that we have an obligation to verify my informal information. I believer that we should address an inquiry to the Secretary of the Navy, making reference to the Ringle memorandum, and stating that we have been advised that this represents the Navy's view and asking the Secretary if in fact the views of ONI, at the time of the evacuation, coincided with Com. Ringle's.

 The Ringle memorandum originally came into my possession from WRA and we noticed the parallel between the memorandum and the article in this office. Attorneys for WRA furthermore are among the persons who have advised us that the Ringle memorandum represents the official Navy view. In view of the fact that any other information which I have obtained is highly confidential, I would prefer to refer in a letter to Secretary Knox only to WRA.

  I have prepared for your consideration a draft of a letter which you might wish to send to Mr. Knox.

Edward J. Ennis

Director, Alien Enemy Control Unit

Attachment

#archivesgov #April 30 #1943 #World War II #WWII #Japanese American incarceration #Japanese internment #Asian American history #Japanese American history #US v Korematsu

[queen-boudicca]

Me when doing my environmental science homework, at every available opportunity:

#wish there were a class discord or a chill teacher so i could share it #fr though I'm like “oh we're talking about freshwater? hey did you know that agricultural runoff is causing accelerated eutrophication?” #and that a lot of the runoff is bc of erosion caused by the destruction of ecosystems and their vegetation that would've kept soil in place #and the runoff is mostly compromised of fertilizer and bacteria and pesticides from the agriculture and sediment from the eroded land #and that crop irrigation is so inefficient that literally 40% of irrigation water never reaches the crops #and don't even get me started on the FUCKING CORN SUBSIDIES #god those fucking corn subsidies #“hey boudicca what's the worst policy choice the us government made in the 1930s–40s?” #“was it American isolationism? maybe increased militarization? the garbage treatment of women and minorities?” #wrong! it was not stopping those fucking corn subsidies #(this is a joke obviously those other things were worse) #(I'm not actually saying this silly little agricultural practice was worse than Japanese internment don't worry) #but i AM saying that at some point they should've fucking phased out those goddamn corn subsidies #do you wanna know why California grows so much corn even though it's an incredibly water intensive crop and California is dry as shit? #I'll give you three guesses #anyway sorry for rambling my point is fuck industrial agriculture #agriculture #described

[fokikowest]

The Ripple Effects of Japanese American Reparations - The Atlantic

#remember japanese american internment camps #japanese american internment #japanese american #u.s. history #reparations #japanese-american internment reparations #e.o. 9066 #Executive order 9066 #american citizen #u.s.a. #united states of america

[celluloiddreamzzz]

From left to right, George Takei, his mother Fumiko Emily, brother Henry, and sister Nancy. The insert is George’s kindergarten photo - taken at an internment camp in Rowher, Arkansas.

#george takei #fumiko emily takei #henry takei #nancy takei #early life #japanese american internment #wwii #1940s #to the stars - the autobiography of george takei

[usauthoritarianism]

OK So Context

I kind of progressively lost my mind in college. What with the learning about the specifics of what is going on and how it relates to what has happened in the past. -and subsequently took the time to develop a series of presentations about why the US sucks.

Specifically, the interventions in Latin American, just the astoundingly predatory nature of American Capitalism domestically and The Police, like, as a concept.

Fast forward to the Summer of 2022 and I realized that working with an editor and publishing a book is hard and expensive but its measured in thousands not tens of thousands so I committed to doing that at some point in my life with this project, and began working on adapting the presentations with more research and more connections between these different expressions of White Supremacy.

I let the research balloon. There's just so much.

Anyway, the whole social media campaign thing was to distract me from pinning all that down. -and last month one of the members of my subreddit, u/acebush1, self immolated in the time it took to get around to responding to his most recent comment. That made this all very real. The US' support for Israel and it's foundation as a settler colonial state are critically relevant.

Right, so,. Last month someone asked me how to buy the book and that was the thing I had said to myself would mark the transition back to a writing and research focus rather than just research and learning social media.

Site is up. Its an email submission form with a set your own price stripe link.

#US Authoritarianism Project #Aaron Bushnell #US Politics #protest #writeblr #History #Colonialism #Imperialism #Police #Duopoly #Democracy #republicans #American Fascism #american exceptionalism #Slavery #Jim Crow #Segregation #Mass Incarceration #reservation #deportation #forced migration #sterilization #eugenics #ethnic cleansing #dred scott #japanese internment #guantanamo #trail of tears #US Authoritarianism #Anarchy

[warcrimesimulator]

least fascist german

#japanese-american internment camps should not be inspiring you buddy

[captain-price-unofficially]

Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, over 125,000 citizens of Japanese descent were forcibly evacuated and incarcerated in “Relocation Centers” across the western US. Here, families sit with their baggage at a railroad station in Woodland, Ca. awaiting relocation. May 20, 1942

#wwii #war crimes #Internment of Japanese Americans #may