Lady Stoneheart + Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Parallels and Symbolism
The steel was polished to such a high sheen that she could see her reflection in the breastplate, gazing back at her as if from the bottom of a deep green pond. The face of a drowned woman, Catelyn thought. Can you drown in grief? — Catelyn, ACOK
Catelyn's face reflected in renly's green armour reminded me of the story of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. I decided to dig into it and surprisingly found many things evocative of Lady Stoneheart.
1. A Judge
The Green Knight appears in Arthurian tales as a judge or tester of knights, challenging them to honour their promises. Lady Stoneheart plays a similar role in ASOIAF by demanding that jaime and brienne honour their promise to return her daughters or face death.
2. Colours: Green + Grey
It has been argued that green is wrongly attributed to the green knight owing to a mistranslation of the Cornish word glas, which means grey. In another variation of the story, the knight is often called "the man of the grey mantle".
Lady Stoneheart is heavily associated with grey.
Grey was the color of the silent sisters, the handmaidens of the Stranger. Brienne felt a shiver climb her spine. Stoneheart. — Brienne, AFFC
3. Identities and Aliases
At the end of the story, the green knight reveals himself to be Bertilak de hautdesert, Lord of a castle. Before getting resurrected as a fire wight, Lady Stoneheart was Catelyn tully stark.
On my honour as a Tully, on my honour as a Stark. — Catelyn, ASOS
4. A Game (of thrones)
The word gomen (game) is found 18 times in Gawain. Its similarity to the word gome (man), which appears 21 times, has led some scholars to see men and games as centrally linked.
The story itself began with a "Christmas game", known in folk stories as a "beheading game".
What... what game?
The only game. The game of thrones.
Catelyn ends up as Lady Stoneheart because her son wins every battle but loses the war, i.e., loses the game of thrones. Catelyn too was one of the players of the game, of course.
5. Winter, seasonality, and the rise and fall of things
The Green Knight tells Gawain to meet him at the Green Chapel in "a year and a day"—in other words, the next New Year's Day. Scholars interpret the yearly cycles, each beginning and ending in winter, as the poet's attempt to convey the inevitable fall of all things good and noble in the world
Winter is of course an extremely important motif in ASOIAF:
They are the knights of Summer, and winter is coming. — Catelyn, ACOK
It's also interesting to note that feasts are important events in both stories: the green knight first appears at a Christmas feast and Catelyn is killed at a wedding feast.
6. Trophies and Temptation: Girdles and Flayed skins
Roose bolton offers a piece of theon's flayed skin to Catelyn, and she is tempted to accept it.
"May I offer you this…small token of revenge?" Part of Catelyn wanted to clutch the grisly trophy to her heart, but she made herself resist. — Catelyn, ASOS
As Lady Stoneheart, she fully gives in to her temptation and ruthlessly pursues revenge.
"...She wants to feed the crows, like they did at the Red Wedding. Freys and Boltons, aye. We'll give her those, as many as she likes." —Brienne, AFFC
In Gawain's story, he is gifted a girdle by his hostess, the Lady Bertilak. He had earlier promised his host that he'd return whatever he got at the end of the day, but Lady Bertilak insists that it's a magical girdle that will prevent Gawain from being killed at the hands of the green knight. He gives in to temptation and keeps the girdle.
7. Chivalry and Contradictions: So many vows
The knight's code of honour requires Gawain to do whatever a damsel asks. Gawain must accept the girdle from the Lady, but he must also keep the promise he has made to his host that he will give whatever he gains that day. Gawain chooses to keep the girdle out of fear of death, thus breaking his promise to the host but honouring the lady.
Gawain's dilemma about whether to keep the girdle as ordered by his hostess or return it to his host and honour his promise to him reflects jaime's dilemma and the contradictory vows of knighthood.
So many vows...they make you swear and swear. Defend the king. Obey the king. Keep his secrets. Do his bidding. Your life for his. But obey your father. Love your sister. Protect the innocent. Defend the weak. Respect the gods. Obey the laws. It's too much. No matter what you do, you're forsaking one vow or the other. — Jaime, ACOK
It's also interesting to note that the five pointed star or the pentangle is heavily associated with Gawain, reminiscent of the seven pointed star of the faith associated with Westerosi knights (and by extension with jaime) as they are anointed by the faith.
8. Wounds to the neck
Catelyn's throat is slit by the freys before they dumped her in the river, and as a result, she is unable to speak properly.
At the story's climax, Gawain is wounded in the neck by the Green Knight's axe.
The symbolism surrounding wounds:
During the medieval period, the body and the soul were believed to be so intimately connected that wounds were considered an outward sign of inward sin. The neck, specifically, was believed to correlate with the part of the soul related to will.
Hope you enjoyed this post!
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if you have seen the green knight, loved it, and are aching for a continuation of the themes explored within, here is a fic rec for you. it is a very beautifully written piece set post-canon that lovingly echoes the atmosphere of the film.
of this, i have always known by happyberry | gawain/bertilak de hautdesert (aka the lord) | E | 10k
In which Gawain dies and is, thereafter, given the chance to live.
“My Lord,” he says, closing his eyes and bowing his head. “My thanks, always, for what you provide for me here.”
“My Knight.” That voice, Gawain can no longer pretend it does not roil into his gut with a fierceness. “I provide you nothing that is not yours to take.”
There is a touch upon Gawain’s face, a hand against his skin. He leans into it, and then the Lord is gone.
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Gawain in the Green Knight story is so funny cuz when the Lady of the Castle is coming onto him he’s like “well it’d be rude to just like. Turn her down completely so I can accept a kiss. For chivalry, of course” and then later he’s like “well damn I have to kiss the Lord too. For chivalry. Naturally” and he just does this for three days straight and then depending on what version you read, on the third day he either gets the expected three kisses or Way Hecking More Than That
And yes he. Pretty explicitly kisses Bertilak on the mouth. It’s a full makeout session lmao. Watered down versions of this story do exist (love that for bi rep huh...) in which he either refuses to kiss Bertilak (which is why his neck gets nicked in those stories) or only kisses him on the cheek
Also if you’ve ever been concerned about Lady Hautdesert’s lack of loyalty to her husband don’t worry, Bertilak himself asks her to do this to “test Gawain’s purity” so both of them are super in on it and probably secretly laughing over Gawain’s bisexual panic
Bertilak also never, like, expresses disappointed or anger at Gawain kissing his wife, because the fact that Gawain is kissing him in return means that Gawain is being honest about it so Bertilak is hella aware of all that. He only nicks Gawain’s neck later on because Gawain didn’t give him the green sash that his wife gave to Gawain the night before, so there is a very amusing implication here that if Gawain had slept with Lady Bertilak everything would’ve been gucci provided he also sleep with Bertilak himself afterwards
(And yes I’m aware that the actual test was Gawain having to follow his Knightly Code whereby he must be courteous to Lady Hautdesert while also being loyal to his host but where’s the fun in that when I can instead laugh about Gawain being a useless bisexual who’s oblivious to the fact that he’s lowkey being asked for a threesome. His honesty was the most important part of the test though so can you blame me? No <3)
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