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coinandcandle · 9 days

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Eris Deep Dive: Goddess of Discord and Strife

Eris (Ἔρις) is the Greek personification of discord and strife—more notably she was considered to be the daimona of the strife of war. She was not considered a goddess in the same respect as the Olympians until more recently.

While she was not worshiped in ancient Greece, she has become a popular deity in Discordianism, a modern religion, as well as being worshiped by solitary individuals. In modern day she is given a kinder but still discordant role, worshiped as a goddess of chaos and specifically necessary chaos; chaos invoked as the catalyst of change. She is also said to be the goddess of the chaos needed for artists to create.

Parents and Siblings

Her parentage depends on who is relaying the story. The most popular belief is that she was spawned by Nyx alone.

Nyx, no father

Nyx and Erebus (only because Erebus was Nyx’s lover)

Zeus and Hera (because she is noted as Ares’ sister)

Siblings will also depend. According to Hesiod’s Theogony, her siblings are:

Aether

Hemera

Moros

Apate

Dolos

Nemesis

The Keres

The Moirai

The Hesperides

The Erinyes

Oizys

Momus

Oneiros

Hypnos

Thanatos

Philotes

Geras

If she is the daughter of Zeus and Hera then the list of siblings would be way longer including all half siblings. She is specifically mentioned to be Ares’ sister in Homer’s Iliad. Too many to list, I will instead offer you the genealogy of Zeus and Hera.

Her full-blooded siblings would be:

Hebe

Ares

Eileithyia

Lovers or Partners

No lovers mentioned

Children

Ponos (Hardship)

Lethe (Forgetfulness)

Limos (Starvation)

Algea (Pains)

Hysminai (Battles)

Makhai (Wars)

Phonoi (Murders)

Androktasiai (Manslaughters)

Neikea (Quarrels)

Pseudea (Lies)

Logoi (Stories)

Amphillogiai (Disputes)

Dysnomia (Anarchy)

Ate (Ruin)

Horkos (Oath)

Epithets

Note that these aren’t historically attested, they do come from translated myths but that doesn’t mean she was called this throughout history.

Strife

Infernal Goddess

Mother of Cacodaemons

Notes

Often Eris is called a goddess of chaos in modern times, but in history she is recorded as the goddess of discord. While they seem like synonyms they are not, chaos is disorder and confusion; discord is argument or disagreement. While discord may lead to chaos, they are not one in the same.

This confusion may come from the conflation of Eris and the similar but still separate Roman goddess Discordia, who is the goddess of chaos and was often seen in a kinder light than the Greek Eris.

Eris is the last born of Nyx according to the Theogony.

She is noted in mythology to be particularly fond of the bloodshed of war.

Eris and the goddess of war Enyo are often conflated.

In his writing Works and Days, Hesiod says that there are two Erises; one that exists purely to plague mankind with strife, and the other is a kinder Eris who instills a healthy sense of competition in mankind.

Unfortunately Eris does not appear in mythology often, as is the case for many daimones, However her most popular roles in mythology are:

Throwing the (sometimes golden) apple into a feast with the words inscribed “to the fairest”, causing three goddesses, Aphrodite, Athena, and Hera, to argue about who the apple should go to. Eventually, not wanting to deal with it, Zeus made the human mortal Paris decide. Though her role was short, it was a huge part in starting the Trojan war in mythology. Read about The Judgement of Paris.

When Polytechnos and Aëdon said their relationship was way better than Zeus and Hera’s, Hera sent Eris down to create marital discord between them. She did just that, making them compete against each other. Polytechnos was completing a standing board for a chariot and Aëdon a tapestry at the time, so they made a bet on who would finish first. Whoever lost would present the other with a slave. It gets pretty dark and they end up getting turned into birds by Zeus, a common ‘kind’ gesture from him in mythology. Read more here.

Interestingly enough, Eris is pictured with Themis, the goddess of divine law and order on a vase depicting the Judgement of Paris. The two watch over the three goddesses.

In another painting, Eris is depicted wearing winged shoes and having wings herself. This could symbolize freedom and swiftness—sometimes sneakiness as well. This would make sense for Eris as she is considered in mythology to be a sneaky troublemaker.

There were no shrines known to be dedicated to Eris.

Discordia, Eris’ Roman counterpart, was associated with the type of discord needed for societal change and going with the grain.

Modern Deity Work

Seeing as she was not worshiped as far as we know in ancient times, these are pulled from mostly modern practitioners’ posts as well as general practices of Hellenism.

Correspondences

Rocks/Stone/Crystals

Gold, Onyx, Smoky quartz, moldavite

Herbs/Plants

Apples, hallucinogenic plants,

Animals

Venomous snakes, scorpions, ravens, foxes (all associated with other deities of chaos and discord)

Offerings

Apples with Honey

Honey

Fruits

Breads

Olive oil

Red meat

Wine

Blood (please be smart about this)

Gunpowder (again, don’t be dumb)

Imagery of war

Weapons or imagery of weapons

Acts of Devotion

Learn to embrace chaos as a catalyst for change.

Enter into competitions, whether they be sports or art contests, just go compete!

Learn about the history of war, especially the wars of Ancient Greece.

Join protests for what you believe in, breaking societal norms.

Pull a prank! She’s a trickster, what trickster doesn’t love a good prank?

References and Further Reading

Eris - Theoi Project

Eris - Britannica

Eris -World History Encyclopedia

Eris - Greek Mythology Link

A Guide to Worship Eris Cheat Sheet by screeching-0wl

Theogony by Hesiod

The Iliad by Homer

Works and Days by Hesiod

Subtle Eris Worship by khaire-traveler

#Eris #Eris deity #deity deep dive #deity work #hellensim

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divinelycrazy · 9 months

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What I find interesting in Greek mythology is that Eris, the goddess of chaos, strife, rivalry & discord has two origin myths.

One version claims she's the daughter of Nyx, the primordial goddess of night, which would make Eris the sister of Thanatos(death), Hypnos(Sleep) ,etc.

But in the other version she is the daughter of Zeus & Hera, the king and queen of the greek gods. And if we follow that version of the family tree that would mean that Eris is the aunt of Harmonia, the goddess of harmony.

She would also be Aphrodite's sister in law, since Eris is Ares's sister.

A major myth Eris was featured in was the myth of the wedding of Thetys & Peleus, who were Achilles's parents.

In the myth Eris was not envited to the wedding, so in anger she creates the artifact now known as the golden apple of discord. On the apple she carves the words "for the fairest" and then proceeds to "accidentally" drop it on the banquet table of the Olympian gods as she flies over it.

This would ofcourse lead to a chain of events that would lead to the major event known as the Trojan war.

In another myth, Eris puts an apple on the path of the hero Herakles. Herakles tries to smash the apple with his club, but instead it grows to twice its original size. Herakles keeps hitting it, until the apple gets so big it's straight up blocking his path. Athena then tells Herakles that the more he hits it, the bigger the apple will get, and if he had just left it alone, it would've stayed it's original size.

List of Eris's children:

-Ponos, god of toil

-Lethe, goddess of forgetfulness

-Limos, goddess of starvation

- the Algea, spirits of pain

-the Hysminai, spirits of fights

-the Makhai, spirits of battle

-the Phonoi, spirits of murder

-the Androktasiai, spirits of manslaughter

-the Neikea, spirits of quarrel

-the Pseudo-Logoi, spirits of lies

-the Amphilogiai, spirits of disputes

-Dysnomia, goddess of lawlessness

-Ate, goddess of ruin

-Horkos, god of oaths

#greek mythology #eris goddess of chaos #the greek gods #my longest post yet #ancient greek mythology #goddess of chaos

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mask131 · 9 months

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The other Olympians: Eris

After Eros, I just HAD to do Eris. Everybody keeps speaking of “Eros and Thanatos”, the pulsion of life and the pulsion of death – but what about Eris and Eros? Hate and love. One causes division, the other unification. One destroys the world, the other creates it. Heck, they are even just one letter away from each other!

“But…” I heard some of you say. “Eris isn’t an Olympian!”. Well yes and no. Sometimes she is, sometimes she isn’t. Let us explore that.

Who is Eris? The word “eris” means “strife” in Greek, and this is exactly what Eris is. She is the goddess of strife and the embodiment of discord (in fact, her Roman name was Discordia). She is the eternal enemy of peace and order, always searching to break harmony and cause troubles everywhere she goes.

Now before going further, I want to insist on something. Eris is not an actual goddess, in the sense we can understand it. Yes Eris is presented as a goddess in Ancient Greek literature and in the various epics forming Greek mythology. However here’s the thing… Eris was not part of Greek religion. Or if she was, she had no temples, no sanctuaries, she received no cult and no worship, nobody prayed or sacrificed to her. Eris only seems to exist in literature and philosophy – she was not an actual religious figure of Ancient Greece, even though she was a key character of Greek mythology.

I) The Hesiodic Eris

The Eris most people are familiar with today is the one I would call the “non-Olympian Eris”. It is the Eris described in Hesiod’s Theogony, as well as in his “Works and Days”.

Hesiod describes Eris as the daughter of Nyx, the embodiment of night and one of the primordial goddesses who manifested at the very beginning of the universe. According to Hesiod, Nyx was a quite negative figure, since all the children she gave birth to were actually the personifications of ills and disasters: beyond Eris, Nyx also gave birth to Thanatos, the god of death, to the Keres, the spirits causing violent and painful deaths on the battlefield, Oizys, the personification of misery, Apate, the embodiment of deceit and treachery, Geras, the god of old age and aging, and many many more… Interestingly, in turn Eris also became the mother of a large brood of personifications, each embodiments of even more evils that plagued and tormented humanity. No father is mentioned for these children – but given Nyx seemingly used her powers as a primordial goddess to have her children on her own, without the participation of any male entity, it is very likely that Eris inherited or used the same abilities. Remember, from our talk of Eros in previous posts, the beginning of the world in Hesiod’s universe was not defined by gender, and the primordial Eros was a creature of cosmic, abstract procreation that went beyond mere sexes.

Hesiod gives us an exact list of the numerous children of Eris. On one side you have “singular” children acting as specific personifications: Ponos (toil, hard work), Lethe (forgetfulness, oblivion), Limos (hunger, starvation), Ate ( mistakes, delusions, folly, recklessness, all things that bring ruin) and Dysnomia (lawlessness, absence of civil order). On the other side, Hesiod lists groups of entities, representing “swarms” of concepts: the Algea (the pains and sufferings), the Hysminai (fights and feuds), the Makhai (battles and conflicts), the Phonoi (murders), the Androktasiai (literaly the man-slaughters), the Neikea (the quarrels), the Pseudo-Logoi (the lies), the Amphilogai (the disputes)… Remember what I said previously, Eris was not an actual religious figure but a literary one – and the same way, all of her children are here mere metaphors and allegories. Hesiod is merely listing here all the effects that strife and discord have within human society. Hesiod adds to this list of children a final son of Eris, Horkos, the god of oaths. Why would “oaths” be a bad thing you ask? Because Horkos is more specifically the deity in charge of punishing oath-breakers, the spirit that all those that make false oaths fear. Hesiod even says that Horkos will make more damage to anyone breaking an oath than all of his siblings – and he later mentions, in his “Works and Days”, that the ERYNIES themselves acted as midwives when Eris gave birth to him.

Hesiod describes Eris as a hateful and harsh being, only concerned with causing slaughters and “evil wars” on Earth (remember the Athena/Ares divide, there was for the Greeks a good way of making war, and a bad way of making war). He mentions that no mortal being loves Eris, but that human still “promote” her – but only due to either compulsions (the natural drive of humanity to fight with each other) or by the “will of immortals” (when the gods purposefully send Eris among mankind). When Hesiod describes the legendary shield of Herakles, he mentions that Eris is depicted upon it among the many terrifying entities meant to frighten his adversary – he adds there that Eris is without pity or mercy, and that her mere sight will break the mind of anyone trying to attack the hero.

However, mind you, despite this very negative portrayal of Eris, in his “Works and Days”, Hesiod allows himself a philosophical or social myth about Eris, where he divides her into two identities, one good and one bad. If you recall my Eros posts, there is yet again a parallel with how there are two Eroses. According to Hesiod two Eris are at work among humans: the one he keeps describing above is the “evil” Eris ; but there is a “kinder” and older Eris, who is the one born of Nyx at the beginning of time, and who is even… likeable! Because this Eris is a positive form of strife, a productive form of discord that isn’t about having people slaughter each other, but prompts each human to excel and outdo each other in talents and arts. Specifically sent by Zeus among humans for this very purpose, the elder Eris will for example make a poor man envy his rich neighbor, prompting him to work even harder to become rich himself – and thus she can turn even the laziest man into a hard worker. This Eris isn’t so much about discord, as about a sort of mutual envy between humans that creates a competitive society, indeed, but one that prompts each human to try their best at becoming better than others.

II) The Homeric Eris

Hesiod mentions that of the two Eris, only the “elder” is the daughter of Nyx. Then, where does the “evil” Eris comes from? Well, Hesiod might have been evoking here another cosmogony… I am of course speaking of Homer’s own works, The Iliad and the Odyssey. For you see, the Homeric tradition and the Hesiodic tradition diverge strongly when it comes to the figure of Eris, and it is in the Homeric cosmogony that Eris is presented as an Olympian goddess.

Homer depicts Eris just as negatively as Hesiod. He describes her as a goddess with “relentless wrath”, as the “lady of sorrow”, as a “destroyer of cities”, and even depicts her during a battlefield scene as working in a triad alongside Ker (the spirit of violent death) and Cydoimos (the personification of confusion). But where he changes the story (or rather where Hesiod changes the story, since it is agreed that the Homeric tradition is older than the Hesiodic one, and reflects a more primitive form of the Greek pantheon), is when it comes to Eris’ parenthood. Homer explicitly presents Eris as working in a duo with Ares, the Olympian god of war, the two being “companions”. But more than companions… Siblings. Homer insists heavily on the fact that Eris is Ares’ sister, and given Ares is in the Homeric tradition the son of Zeus and Hera, it is very clear that Eris is also the daughter of the king and queen of the gods.

No need to tell you that Eris’ strongest presence in the Homeric tradition is within The Iliad, aka the epic describing the greatest mythological conflict of all times, the Trojan War. Eris is there usually paired with another deity: sometimes she forms a duo with Athena, and helps her in her role as a “war goddess” to encourage men to fight by her side ; other times she is alongside her brother Ares, as the spirit of hatred that complements the god of murder and bloodlust. This depicts Eris as a very ambiguous deity, that can serve and help as much the senseless, brutal, “wrong” war of Ares as the “good”, ordered, intelligent and civilized war of Athena. An even more interesting detail however shows that this ambiguity does not actually exist: Ares fought on the side of the Trojans during the war, while Athena fought with the Achaeans. This is a detail Homer himself notes and explains in his poem: Eris purposefully played both sides, and found herself on each line of the battlefront, since all she cared about was spreading bitterness and pain, so as to make the slaughter of the Trojan War even greater. Sometimes she does this to further the gods’ desires and plans: Zeus at one point, wishing for the Achaeans to keep on fighting and not just give up, send Eris among them so that she would bellow a great war-cry, so “terrible and so loud” it made every man who heart it want to battle again. But other times, she disobeys even the orders of the king of the gods out of pure perversion: most notably, when Zeus at one point gave the order to all the gods to stop interfering with the war and remain far away from humans, without causing interferences, Eris is the only goddess that remains upon the earth and among humans – merely because she takes a “great pleasure” in seeing them “battle like wolves”, and wouldn’t miss it for the world.

In short: while it seems from the outside that she is actually more of a neutral power that can serve both sides, good and bad, in truth she is a selfish, neutral psychopath only existing for chaos and destruction, and who only accepts to play by the rules when it furthers her own goals.

One last interesting fact: Homer, in his poems, keeps using another name for Eris, a name that many later mistook as being a different goddesses – however, at least in the Homeric tradition, they are just two identities of a same deity. “Enyo”, that is to say the female spirit and embodiment of war, the female counterpart of Ares. Beyond Homer, Aeschylus, in his tragedy about the Seven against Thebes, describes the Seven as making an oath upon the dreadful trinity of war formed by Ares, Enyo and Phobos – in a similar way, Eris was already described by Homer as part of a trinity involving Ares and Phobos (who also stood for his brother Deimos). The idea of Enyo and Eris being different deities seems to come from quite late sources, such as Quintus Smyrnaeus’ epic “The Fall of Troy”, from the fourth century CE, which did a very clear split between Eris (the deadly strife, which causes the battles by causing an “unbalance in the scales of war”, and then watches and gloat as humans fight) and Enyo (a ghastly and wrathful deity who fights inside the battles, and ends up gore-covered and all bloody and sweaty from her constant massacre of mortal beings). In fact, from the third to the fifth century, it became common to attribute to Enyo a “gore-fetish”, as she was described as delighting in piles of corpses left on the battlefield, or getting drunk on the flow of blood ; as well as the power to drive completely mad whoever she “touched”. Mad with war-lust and battle-fever, of course. But originally, for Homer and other early authors, Enyo and Eris were clearly just one and the same, two names for a same goddess.

What is quite fascinating with Enyo is that, unlike Eris which is purely literary, Enyo has some ground for actually having been a religious figure. Now, this is to be taken with a grain of salt, as the Greeks gave the name “Enyo” to several non-Greek deities of the countries east of Ancient Greece – but we have records of a statue of Enyo appearing in the Athenian temple of Ares, and it seems that the deities honored during the Homolôïa festival (in Thebes and Orchomenos) included Enyo. But beyond those two little facts, we don’t have more information about a potential cult of Enyo, who truly seems to be more of a female counterpart or extension of Ares. A last interesting point with Enyo is the presence of a name: Enyalios. Enyalios is the male form of Enyo, and is the name of a deity associated with her – but how? That is the question. Very, very late commenters of the Iliad (we are talking Byzantine commenters) made Enyalios a minor spirit of war, son of Enyo and possibly fathered by Ares. However, a more careful study of the use of Enyalios reveals that it is not the name of a distinct deity as many like to believe. Homer uses it as an epithet for various characters, but most notably for Ares. Other Ancient Greek authors also used Enyalios as an alternate name for Ares: Aristophanes in his play “Peace” (people claim it is used as two different deities, but I do not read it that way, I do think Aristophanes used the name as a nickname of Ares), for example, and Ares is also called “Enyalios” in the Argonautica. Plutarch did mention the existence of a temple of “Ares Enyalios” too, and the late myth collector Pausanias did mention the habit by Lacedaemonians of chaining up the deity Enyalios to prevent him from leaving the city – a custom identical to the habit of chaining up statues of Ares in Sparta. Overall, when you actually look carefully at things, it is extremely clear that Enyalios is just Ares.

And this confirms the true bond and link between Ares and Enyo: Ares is called by the male version of Enyo’s name, or rather Enyo is named after the female version of Ares’ nickname. This reinforces the idea of her being equivalent to Eris, presented by Homer as the sister-companion of Ares, and this feeds into this topic of the “duo of slaughter gods”. Ares/Enyalios, the male god of war, and Eris/Enyo, the female goddess of discord.

III) The golden apple

“But… What about the golden apple?” I hear you cry. “You talked about the Trojan War, but not about the golden apple!”

It is true that the most famous myth of Eris today is the one centered around the start of the Trojan War. It is the story of how Eris, upon not being invited to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis, despite all of the other gods being there, decided to take her revenge. It is the legend of how Eris threw among the feast of the gods a golden apple with on it written “For the most beautiful”, and how this random gift caused a deep feud between Athena, Hera and Aphrodite who all believed the apple was for them. It is the myth of how to settle the feud, the goddesses demanded the opinion of a Trojan prince by the name of Paris, who gave the apple to Aphrodite, resulting in her rewarding him as a gift with Helen, the most beautiful woman in the world… Who also happened to be the wife of Agamemnon, the Achaean king who promptly declared war upon Troy since their prince had kidnapped his wife – a war where the scorned Hera and Athena supported the enemies of Troy, while Aphrodite defended Paris’ city, leading into the legendary decades-old conflict we know today.

Well, you might be surprised to learn that this story does not come from Homer. Nowhere in the Iliad is a golden apple mentioned, or the involvement of Eris in causing the war. It comes from other sources. It does not mean the story isn’t ancient: on the contrary we have records of very ancient epics, probably created around the same time as The Iliad, who described and explained this legend. “The Cypria” for example is the oldest record we have of the story of the “Judgement of Paris”, caused by Eris’ apple of discord. However these ancient epics were all lost, so all we have are secondary testimonies about them, and much later and modern retellings of the story – such as the “Bibliotheca” of Pseudo-Apollodorus, where this old myth was collected in an abbreviate and concise form, or the fifth-sixth century CE poem the “Rape of Helen”, which like Nonnus Dionysiaca, was an attempt at reconstructing the ancient myths of the now-gone Ancient Greeks. While this is not an exact source and has to be taken with a handful of salt, this poem is quite fascinating because it adds all sorts of details about the situation: including how the decision of not inviting Eris came from both Peleus and Chiron (the latter sent out the invitations), and how, before imagining her devious golden apple plan, the furious, fulminating, jealous Eris conjured up plans ranging from stealing Zeus’ thunderbolt and use it as a weapon against the gods… to freeing the imprisoned Titans so they would overthrow Zeus. (Yes, Disney’s Hades does exist in old – but not ancient – Greek literature, and her name is Eris). There is also the additional detail that the golden apple used by Eris is one of those that the Hesperides grow in their orchard, the same golden apples Herakles had to collect during his labors.

Speaking of Herakles, all the way back to the sixth century BCE, Aesop wrote a fable about Eris. Yes, THIS Aesop of the Fables. And he wrote one with Eris and Herakles – one that also involves an apple, and thus furthers proves that the story of Eris using apple to cause discord was an ancient part of Greek mythology. In Aesop’s fable, Heracles was going through a narrow pass when he saw an apple on the ground before him. He tried to smash it with his club, only for the apple to swell to twice its size. Heracles hit it again and again, but every time he tried to destroy the obstacle, it grew bigger. In the end, the whole pass was blocked by the giant apple (slip a Roald Dahl joke here), and as Heracles stood amazed and confused, Athena appeared by his side and explained the situation: this apple is actually the product of two personifications, Aporia (impasse, puzzlement, lack of passage) and Eris. By trying to fight it, Heracles made it larger and bigger – if he had just left the thing on the ground untouched, and ignored it, it would have stayed its size. In short, the moral is that strife and discord will always be there somewhere, but that it only becomes a true obstacle or something serious if you let violence take over you or decide to enter the fight instead of just passing over it.

This conception of Eris as something “growing in size” is not actually a pure invention of Aesop: it was already present, way back in the Homeric tradition. Indeed, when Homer first introduces Eris in The Iliad, he describes her as such: she always appears first as a “small thing”, as a little force, a miniature goddess, but as chaos and battles and discord grow around her, she too grows, and gains in size and largeness, until in the end she becomes a giantess who feet are on earth while her head is in heaven.

#greek mythology #greek gods #greek goddesses #eris #the other olympians #olympians #enyo #ares

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neonbitemarks · 9 months

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Lysander Mikos

BASIC INFORMATION

Name: Lysander Mikos Date of Birth: Unknown Species: Phonoi - Personification of Murder, Killing and Slaughter Gender: Cis Male Pronouns: He/Him Orientation: Pansexual

FAMILIAL INFORMATION

Mother: Eris Father: N/A Siblings: Lethe, Ponos, Algos, Hysminai, Limos, Machai, Androktasiai, Neikea, Amphillogiai, Pseudea, Logoi, Dysnomia, Atë, Horkos Spouse/Lover(s): N/A Children: Dayton and Damon Gaines

PERSONALITY

Superficially charming and charismatic, cold, calculating, sometimes cruel and controlling at times, feels very little guilt about killing, if any at all.

SPECIAL ABILITIES

Emotional Manipulation Limited shapeshifting/concealment of his true form Shadowtravel Advanced Healing Factor Immortality Flight

#new muse #lysander:canon #lysander:bio #lysander:lore #muse:lore #muse:bio

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andtheny · 1 year

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Looks like Rain - Chapter 1 (on Wattpad) https://www.wattpad.com/1353291948-looks-like-rain-chapter-1?utm_source=web&utm_medium=tumblr&utm_content=share_reading&wp_uname=andtheny&wp_originator=pncpu%2FHH3IlSxhMgnys%2BNmYdMnolrWL6RYE0IU%2B4IPFqnlPnKeYsySHKD171Omo12TFD2me4Q8vLglo141T5i7ZV92LYUSqQSgXinhNU87FcsCRwzXjya7mGuIbf9LEd Xodó Černý was twelve when he caught his father without the mask. "Neikea!" the alien shouted. Then the alien began to swear like a sailor. Except he did it in other languages, "Грузить!" the alien screamed. "Ma laasot?!" "Ugh," Xodó said. "I already knew you were a weirdo, but those green bulb thingies on your head are super ugly! Can you please put your mask back on?"

#adoptedfamily #aliens #alternatetimelines #doppelgangers #madscientist #nonchronologicalstorytelling #robots #storywithinastory #timetravel #science-fiction #books #wattpad #amreading #fivemoreinsidejokes

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nordseehexe · 5 months

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Eris (altgriechisch Ἔρις Éris, auf einer Vase mit der Beischrift Ἴρις Íris bezeichnet; Personifikation von ἔρις éris, deutsch ‚Streit, Zank‘) ist in der griechischen Mythologie die Göttin der Zwietracht und des Streites. Sie ist Tochter der Nyx, gilt auch als Schwester des Ares. Eris wurde aus der griechischen in die römische Mythologie als Discordia („Zwietracht“) übernommen.

Sie ist bekannt durch den goldenen „Apfel der Zwietracht“ (den sprichwörtlichen „Zankapfel“ oder „Erisapfel“), den sie auf der Hochzeit des Peleus und der Thetis, zu der sie nicht eingeladen war, unter die Gäste warf. Auf diesem Apfel war die Widmung τῇ καλλίστῃ tḗ kallístē eingraviert, das bedeutet „der Schönsten“. Aphrodite, Athene und Hera begannen, um den Apfel zu streiten. Auf Anweisung des Zeus führte Hermes die drei zu Paris; dieser solle ihn der schönsten der drei Göttinnen geben. Paris entschied sich für Aphrodite, die ihm die schönste Frau der Welt versprochen hatte. Es erwies sich aber, dass sie bereits verheiratet war: Helena, die Frau des Königs von Sparta Menelaos. Ihre Entführung durch Paris löste dann den Trojanischen Krieg aus.

Eris erscheint oft als hinkende, zusammengeschrumpelte, kleine Frau. Erst wenn sie es schafft, den Neid und den Hass der Menschen zu wecken, erblüht sie zu ihrer wahren Gestalt. Homer schreibt über sie in der Ilias: „... die rastlos lechzende Eris ..., die erst klein von Gestalt einherschleicht; aber in kurzem trägt sie hoch an den Himmel ihr Haupt, und geht auf der Erde. Diese nun streuete Zank zu gemeinsamem Weh in die Mitte, wandelnd von Schar zu Schar, das Geseufz’ der Männer vermehrend.“

In Werke und Tage des Hesiod ist neben der zänkischen Eris auch noch eine „gute“ angeführt, die den Menschen zur Arbeit anspornt.

In Hesiods Theogonie werden als Nachkommen der Eris genannt:

Ponos (Πόνος Pónos, deutsch ‚die Mühsal‘)

Lethe (Λήθη Lḗthē, deutsch ‚die Vergessenheit‘)

Limos (Λιμός Limós, deutsch ‚der Hunger‘)

Algea (Ἄλγεα Álgea, deutsch ‚der Schmerz‘)

Hysminai (Ὑσμίναι Hysmínai, deutsch ‚die Schlachten‘)

Makhai (Μάχαι Máchai, deutsch ‚die Kämpfe‘)

Phonoi (Φόνος Phónos, deutsch ‚der Mord‘)

Androktasiai (Ἀνδροκτασίας Androktasías, deutsch ‚das Gemetzel‘)

Neikea (Νείκεα Neíkea, deutsch ‚der Hader‘)

Pseudea (Ψεύδεα Pseúdea, deutsch ‚die Lüge‘)

Amphilogiai (Ἀμφιλογίαι Amphilogíai, deutsch ‚der Wortstreit‘)

Dysnomia (Δυσνομία Dysnomía, deutsch ‚die Gesetzlosigkeit‘)

Ate (Ἄτη Átē, deutsch ‚die Verblendung‘)

Horkos (Ὅρκος Hórkos, deutsch ‚der Eid‘)

Eine postmoderne Rezeption des von Eris vertretenen Prinzips findet sich in der Religion des Diskordianismus, der vor allem durch die Romantrilogie Illuminatus! von Robert Shea und Robert Anton Wilson bekannt wurde.

Die Zwietracht (franz. La Discorde) ist eine Fabel von Jean de La Fontaine.

Nach der Göttin der Zwietracht ist auch der Zwergplanet Eris benannt, dessen Entdeckung zu einem Streit um die Neudefinition des Begriffs „Planet“ und der kontrovers diskutierten Aberkennung des Planetenstatus von Pluto geführt hatte. Der Zwergplanet wurde so metaphorisch zum Zankapfel der Astronomen.

Eristik (abgeleitet von altgriechisch ἐριστικὴ (τέχνη) eristiké (téchne) zu ἐριστικός eristikós „streitsüchtig“ und τέχνη téchne „Kunst“) wird heute als eine Lehre vom Streitgespräch und die Kunst der Widerlegung in einer Diskussion oder Debatte verstanden. Der Begriff findet sich in der Neuzeit erstmals bei Arthur Schopenhauer in seinem postum veröffentlichten Werk „Eristische Dialektik“. Schopenhauer stellt sie in einen Zusammenhang mit Dialektik und Rhetorik einerseits sowie Analytik (Logik) und Philosophie andererseits und führt diesen insgesamt auf Aristoteles zurück.

In der griechischen Mythologie war Eris die Göttin der Zwietracht und des Streites. In der Philosophie der Antike verwendeten Platon und Aristoteles Eristik als Begriff für den wissenschaftlichen Meinungsstreit, insbesondere aber auch für das Streiten um des Rechthabens willen. Sie meinten damit die von den Sophisten entwickelte Dialogtechnik, mit der – beispielsweise in gerichtlichen Auseinandersetzungen – alles bewiesen oder auch alles widerlegt werden konnte. Platon favorisierte stattdessen als gerechtfertigtes Argumentationsverfahren die von Zenon von Elea entwickelte Dialektik. Aristoteles bewertete die Eristik ebenfalls negativ und zählte den eristischen Syllogismus zu den Sophismen (Trugschlüssen).

Die Megariker, die Anhänger des Sokrates-Schülers Euklid von Megara, wurden auch als Eristiker bezeichnet. Von ihnen stammen die frühesten Untersuchungen zur formalen Logik, insofern ist der Begriff Eristik im Zusammenhang mit der antiken Philosophie keinesfalls nur negativ besetzt. Er bezieht sich auch auf eine Struktur des gültigen Beweises und seine Widerlegung.

Diskordianismus (von lateinisch: discordia „Zwietracht“) und davon abgeleitete Varianten wie die Church of the SubGenius sind seit den 1980er Jahren verbreitete Parodiereligionen. Angeblich wurde der Diskordianismus 1957 erfunden. Der maßgebliche Text wurde vermutlich ab 1979 anonym erstellt und als sogenannte Principia Discordia veröffentlicht, unter Berufung auf den amerikanischen Autor Robert Anton Wilson und dessen Romantrilogie Illuminatus! (1975). Diskordianer sind dort Leute, die gegen die Vorherrschaft der Illuminaten kämpfen. Zunächst als Fankultur gepflegt, hat sich der Diskordianismus als Religion verselbstständigt. Manche sehen solche Spassreligionen als Folge neuheidnischer Strömungen.

Es gibt keine festgefügten Inhalte des Diskordianismus. Die auf Webseiten und in Büchern veröffentlichten Angaben zu Jahren, Personen, Gruppierungen sind frei erfunden. Ein relativ konstantes Merkmal ist die Missachtung von Autoritäten und Zwang. So ernannte Wilson alle Zuhörer seiner Vorträge zu „diskordianischen Päpsten“. Diskordier bestreiten objektive Wahrheiten. Sie lieben die Widersprüche, denn diese zeigen Grenzen der Logik auf. Um mit Widersprüchen umzugehen, muss man das übliche logische Denken überwinden und dem Geist neue Freiheiten geben. Jemand, der gegen die Unordnung wettert und dabei unterschlägt, dass in der Unordnung auch Kreativität steckt, wird gern als Graugesicht oder als aneristisch bezeichnet.

Das Sacred Chao (heiliges Chao) ist ein Symbol des Diskordianismus. Das Wort Chao soll für die Singularform von Chaos stehen; die Aussprache sei gleichlautend mit dem englischen Wort cow (Kuh), ein spielerischer Bezug auf die Redewendung „Holy Cow“, Heilige Kuh. Das Pentagon repräsentiert das Gesetz der Fünf und steht für Autorität und Ordnung; der golden dargestellte Zankapfel der Eris, mit dem sie den Trojanischen Krieg auslöste, steht für Kreativität, Chaos und Zwietracht.

Gesetz der Fünf

Das diskordianische Gesetz der Fünf besagt, dass alles, was im Universum geschieht, in irgendeiner Art und Weise bzw. Form mit der Zahl Fünf oder einem Vielfachen von Fünf zusammenhängt. So sei zum Beispiel auch die oft erwähnte Dreiundzwanzig ein Teil des Fünfer-Gesetzes, denn 2 + 3 = 5. Wie bei der 23 ist es möglich, dass Menschen, die sich mit dem Fünfer-Gesetz beschäftigen, auf die Wahrnehmung der Zahl Fünf konditioniert werden und somit meinen, diese Zahl öfter als zuvor zu sehen.

Der Pentabarf (die fünf Gebote)

Der Pentabarf (Penta gr. „fünf“, barf engl. „kotzen“) wurde laut der Principia Discordia „vom Apostel Zarathud in einen goldenen Stein gemeißelt aufgefunden“ und verdeutlicht die Vorliebe der Diskordier für das Paradoxe:

Es gibt keine Göttin außer der Göttin, und sie ist deine Göttin. Es gibt keine Erisische Bewegung außer der Erisischen Bewegung, und sie ist die Erisische Bewegung. Und jeder goldene Apfel ist das geliebte Heim eines Goldenen Wurmes.

Ein Diskordier soll immer das offizielle diskordische Dokumentennummerierungssystem benutzen.

Ein Diskordier ist zu Beginn seiner Illumination dazu verpflichtet, an einem Freitag allein nach draußen zu gehen, um fröhlich einen Hot Dog zu genießen; diese Zeremonie ist dazu da, um gegen die beliebten Heidentümer dieser Tage zu demonstrieren: gegen die katholische Christenheit (freitags kein Fleisch), das Judentum und den Islam (kein Fleisch vom Schwein), den Hinduismus (kein Fleisch von der Kuh), den Buddhismus (kein Fleisch von Tieren) und den Diskordianismus (keine Hot-Dog-Brötchen).

Ein Diskordier soll keine Hot-Dog-Brötchen essen, denn diese waren der Trost der Göttin, als sie mit der ursprünglichen Zurückweisung konfrontiert war.

Einem Diskordier ist es verboten, zu glauben, was er liest.

Kalender

Im Diskordianischen Kalender besteht das Jahr aus fünf Jahreszeiten (Chaos, Zwietracht, Verwirrung, Bürokratie und die Nachwirkung), die Woche aus fünf Wochentagen (Sweetmorn, Boomtime, Pungenday, Prickle-Prickle und Setting Orange), und es gibt 2 × 5 Feiertage (Holydays). In Schaltjahren wird am Schalttag der Tag des „Sankt Tib“ eingefügt, der außerhalb aller Zählungen (Wochentage, Jahreszeiten) steht. Das aktuelle diskordianische Datum kann man sich bei vielen Linux-Distributionen mit der Eingabe von „ddate“ anzeigen lassen.

Tarot

Es gibt auch Entwürfe für ein aus 73 Karten (23 Trümpfe und je 5 Zahl- und 5 Themenkarten für jedes der 5 diskordischen Elemente) bestehendes „freies“ Tarot-Set, das die diskordische Dada-Mystik aufnimmt. Eine gedruckte Version gibt es davon bislang nicht.

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