#cytosol

[sciencesolutions]

#glycolysis #hydrogen #atom #science #solutions #cytosol #enzymes #cycle #mitochondrial #matrix #oxidative #phosphorylation #membrane

[whats-in-a-sentence]

As a result, the cytosolic calcium concentration rises from 50 to 350 nM to as high as 1100 nM (1.1 μM) (Figure 24.25).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

#book quotes #plant physiology and development #nonfiction #textbook #cytosol #calcium #plant cells #stomata #aba #abscisic acid

[tenth-sentence]

Variants of superoxide dismutase are found in chloroplasts, peroxisomes, mitochondria, cytosol, and apoplast.

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

#book quote #plant physiology and development #nonfiction #textbook #variants #superoxide dismutase #chloroplast #peroxisome #mitochondria #cytosol #apoplast #plant cells

[organical-mechanical]

Sick of seeing the same old body fluids everywhere? Here are some obscure ones to spice things up!

Lymph

clear-to-white fluid; flows through the lymphatic system

Chyle

forms in the small intestine when you eat fatty foods; looks kind of like chocolate milk

Aqueous humor

supports the lense of your eyeball

Cytosol

this is what your cells are mostly full of

Rheum

this is the shit that dries into eye crust

Chyme

what your stomach passes onto your intestine: stomach acid with chunks of partially digested food. yum!

Exudate

sticky wound ooze!

Gastric acid

everyone knows what this one is, but sadly, it almost never comes up in fiction.

Perilymph

inner ear fluid; helps you keep your balance

Vitreous body

this is what your eye is full of. I have some personal experience with it; eyeballs are pretty hard, but if you manage to pop one, this is what will squirt out! crystal-clear, very watery

[nikoisme]

i've officialy lost it.

#i have a biology test tomorrow. #i've been preparing for days. i'm sick of it. #but lysosomes absolutely fuck #it's really late so that explains whatever this is anfjfjskdnfj #niko rambles

[foolishfoolsgold]

This is what a day without responsibilities does to a woman

I honestly had so much fun with this (low key inspired by that one reblog from a few days ago: https://www.tumblr.com/feefal/726914517330706432/eukaryotic-cell-gang-we-love-women-in-stem-the), makes me feel like the silly little world in my head actually makes sense.

Typed out text boxes for screen readers under the cut

BOX 1: PLASMA MEMBRANE

“Plasma membrane can come in a variety of human and humanlike skin tones, and are always embellished with markings. Markings are usually analogous of real animals, but can be anything.”

BOX 2: CYTOSOL

“Cytosol is thick and mostly clear with a blue sheen to it when the light hits it right. Since cells can’t feel pain, most immune cells choose to dye it bright or dark colors (usually royal blue) for ease of locating wounds that need to be sealed.”

BOX 3: MOUTH

“Mouth opens on face for endocytosis or speech.”

BOX 4: FLAGELLA

“Not pictured: flagella grow on the head to further protect the nucleus. Can be cut and styled with special blunt scissors that don’t let any cytosol out.”

BOXES 5 & 6: GOLGI APPARATUS

“Products from the Golgi exit the cell through a transport vesicle from the tail (not pictured). Tail form and function vary from cell to cell, for example to create vesicles with enzymes or waste products in them, house weapons such as perforin stingers, or grow a clone from a vesicle containing genetic material and copied organelles.”

BOX 7: DISCLAIMER

“This figure is not comprehensive, nor does it account for the tremendous variation seen in different cell types. This figure should be used for GENERAL EDUCATION PURPOSES ONLY. If you or a cell you know is injured, do NOT attempt to fix the problem yourself. Call your department manager for help immediately.”

#I MISSPELT RETICULUM FUCK #my IbisPaint crashed so bad making this #hataraku saibou #cells at work #au #spec evo #speculative biology #speculative evolution #tw trypophobia #my art #cytology

[thornybushybrambles]

I'm just so so fascinated with organs. And organelles, to a lesser extent. But you don't see people carving beautiful structures in the shape of eukaryotic cells, unfortunately. Sure sure, you all know the mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell and what not, and she's great you know, she's got pizzazz and matriarchal flair, but none of you wanna romanticize the endoplasmic reticulum, or cytosol, or even heaven forbid, the nucleus. No. So you see, truly, it is all of YOU who are forcing my hand to find beauty in the heart and lungs and bones-- and by the way, when are you guys gonna romanticize the liver or the pancreas or anything like that. Those are important too. I can make a wonderful metaphor about the liver just fucking watch me.

[o-craven-canto]

Ea, Our Second Chance (10b)

10b. Eucytobionta (part 2/3, unicellular diversity)

(Index) (< 10a. Eucytobionta, cell structure) (> 10c. Eucytobionta, biotechnology)

(original link)

« The diversity of microscopic life was, and still is, overwhelming: from day one, each drop of water and grain of sand revealed a bewildering variety of forms. No more than on Earth, of course; don't think for one moment that we fully understood the complexity of our mother world when we left it. We're still making new discoveries from the few experimental models we brought over. Nevertheless, this represented the perfect opportunity to test out the new kind of science we were going to build. » – dean Sofia Torres, Tabula Rasa

I. Kingdom Monokarya (etym. "one kernel"). Unicellular, never colonial. Usually very small (<20 μm); only protonucleus (almost certainly secondary loss of paranuclei; polynucleate kingdoms do not form a clade). Usually flagellate, at least at one stage. Mostly endoparasites, within fluids of multicellular organisms (lymph, hydromuscular liquid); a few intracellular species. Outside of hosts they form capsules highly resistant to dehydration, heat, and radiations. Representative genera: Ankylococcus, Myoecia, Nesokaryon.

II. Kingdom Pogonocyta (etym. "bearded cell"). Unicellular, frequently colonial. Usually have superficial cilia or flagella. Often have two protonuclei, which they exchange in a form of sexuality not synchronous with reproduction (which occurs by fission or sequential fragmentation). Often very large species (commonly >0.1 mm with >20 paranuclei, Titanopogon reaches 8 mm in length); may have structures such as ciliate wheels, funnels, traps, stylets, articulated "jaws", etc. to feed on smaller cells, as well as visual organs and permanent digestive vesicles. Eyespots may have developed from endo-symbiotic unicellular algae. Smaller species may form clonal colonies via incomplete fragmentation, e.g. Petrovella. A few aerial species are known (most within genus Uranocyton). Representative genera: Hekatokaryon, Hylonectes, Nanognathus, Petrovella.

III. Kingdom Ostracophyta (etym. "tile-plant"). Unicellular, rarely colonial. Rigid polyhedral shell, apparently formed by crystalline sulfonamide impregnating the cell net; pseudopodia emerge from gaps, usually regularly placed, sometimes at the vertices of the shell. Macroscopic needleweed ("Hyalophyta", e.g. Arslanophyton). In the colonial forms (e.g. Endolithus), the shells may fuse and trap sediment forming stromatolite-like structures, pseudopodia may connect cell bodies. Usually phototrophs or mixotrophs (= energy from both sunlight and organic matter). All major forms of frostblight (white, purple, mealy, etc.) are ectoparasitic Ostracophyta with invasive root-like pseudopodia, but do not form a single clade. Representative genera: Arslanophyton, Astrapocyton, Endolithus, Phytopachne.

IV. Kingdom Colloplasmi (etym. "glue-form"). Unicellular, almost (?) exclusively colonial. Lobate cells, able to move by circulating cytosol through the lobes. Adhesive cell envelope, apparently rich in glycosyl-sulfonamides, which may form a common matrix for colonies. Sometimes mineral particles are incorporated (origin of Lithobionta?); mushroom-like, coral-like, or grass-like colonies both in water and on land, with specialized fruiting bodies. Often the colonies liquefy or "evaporate" when disturbed or damaged (special toxic cell morph in Ceratoides). Saprotrophs, herbivores, carnivores; unconfirmed case of a Cordyceps-like neural parasite. Representative genera: Ceratoides, Danaë, Eidocarpus, Xanthoplasma.

V. Kingdom Lithobionta (etym. "stone-life"). Multicellular. Forming pumice-like porous mineral structures; "living boulders". Representative genera: Lithobius, Pliniella.

VI. Kingdom Haematophyta* (etym. "blood-plants"). Multicellular. Photosynthetic organisms with zinc-based pigments; "red plants". Representative genera: Corynetes, Hypogaea, Tomophylla, Tribaculum.

VII. Kingdom Fuscophyta (etym. "dark plants"). Multicellular. Photosynthetic organisms, methanogens; "black plants". Representative genera: Cystophyton, Dendrocystis, Nepheloecia.

VIII. Kingdom Enantiozoa (etym. "mirror-animals"). Multicellular. Mostly motile chemoheterotrophs; Ean "animals". Representative genera: Akkadia, Dendrocephalus, Prosopogyrus, Semaphorus.

* Named "Erythrophyta" in other publications. The two names are to be considered synonymous, when defined as "the most exclusive clade including both Maurophytum purpureum and Corynetes corynetes".

– Vikram Jariwala et al., "Preliminary notes on Ean "eukaryote" diversity", Xenobiology Review, 14 (38 AL)

#speculative biology #speculative evolution #xenobiology #alien life #my work #ea our second chance

[er-cryptid]

Note Cards (December 2023)

1st Class Lever

2/3rd Down Femoral Shaft Diagram

2nd Law of Motion

Allosteric Fatty Acid Control

Antidiuretic Hormone

Arginase Disorder

Body Lever System

Bone Functions

Chemotherapeutic Mechanisms

Conservation Laws in Physics

Cytosol

Estuary

Extrasutural Bones

Genetic Transformation

Generalized vs Specialized Transduction

Growth Hormone

Hamstrings

Human Papillomavirus 16

Interpreting Bowel Sounds

Long Head of Biceps Femoris OIA

Long Head of Triceps Brachii

Metacarpal 1 - Dorsal

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Phage T4 Assembly

Physico-

Radius Upper Midshaft Diagram

Re

Rene-Robert Cavelier

Stylohyoid OIA

Submandibular Ganglion

Superior

Terminal Cisternae

Uses of Linezolid

Yucca faxoniana

Zhemaichu Horse

Zygomaticoorbital Foramen

#studyblr #notes #my notes #medblr #masterlist #study masterlist #masterlists #studyblr masterlists #master lists #studyblr master lists #study master lists #botany #biology #biology study guide #mcat #mcat study guide #mcat masterlists #biology masterlists #physics #study guides #study guide #notes masterlist #notes master lists #equine science #science #scienceblr #sciblr #science master list #science masterlists #science master lists

[gayleafpool]

if you want to get extra existential with the citric acid cycle technically the intermediates aren't trapped in the cycle- the citric acid cycle is just one of many pathways molecules can go through. you could be an acetyl coa molecule and make it all the way to oxaloacetate and you don't have to make citrate. you could become aspartate and get pumped out to form oxaloacetate in the cytosol. your fate isn't one set path- there are multiple branches you can weave through and i think that's beautiful

u are gonna make me sob for real like even at the molecular level we have options UR FATE IS NOT PREDETERMINED U CAN BE WHOEVER U WANNA BE EVEN OUR ITTY BITTY LITTLE MOLECULES GET IT

#asks #me sobbin over the fact that they decided to call it ‘fates of pyruvate’ like omg he contains multitudes……..

[whats-in-a-sentence]

The energy used to drive these processes is supplied by different H+-pumping ATPases on these membranes (Figure 24.22).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

#book quotes #plant physiology and development #nonfiction #textbook #energy #proton pump #atpase #plant cells #vacuole #cytosol #apoplast #plasma membrane

[tenth-sentence]

Plant resistance (R) genes encode cytosolic receptors that recognize pathogen-derived effector gene products in the cytosol.

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

#book quote #plant physiology and development #nonfiction #textbook #r genes #cytosol #pathogens

[uva-academy-vio]

youre a biologist? what are the 3 stages in cellular respiration and where do they occur?

i never said i WAS one, i'm studying to BE one. i'm 15. i'm a student, anon,,

anyways the 3 main steps of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. glycosis takes place in the cytosol, the krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix, and oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the inner mitochondrial membrane. you're welcome.

#vio.txt #ask skeleguy #rotomblr #pokemon irl #pokeblogging #real pokemon #pkmn irl #// I HAD TO LOOK THIS UP. I'M NOT TAKING BIOLOGY YET LMFAOO

[didanawisgi]

Abstract

Therapeutic applications of synthetic mRNA were proposed more than 30 years ago, and are currently the basis of one of the vaccine platforms used at a massive scale as part of the public health strategy to get COVID-19 under control. To date, there are no published studies on the biodistribution, cellular uptake, endosomal escape, translation rates, functional half-life and inactivation kinetics of synthetic mRNA, rates and duration of vaccine-induced antigen expression in different cell types. Furthermore, despite the assumption that there is no possibility of genomic integration of therapeutic synthetic mRNA, only one recent study has examined interactions between vaccine mRNA and the genome of transfected cells, and reported that an endogenous retrotransposon, LINE-1 is unsilenced following mRNA entry to the cell, leading to reverse transcription of full length vaccine mRNA sequences, and nuclear entry. This finding should be a major safety concern, given the possibility of synthetic mRNA-driven epigenetic and genomic modifications arising. We propose that in susceptible individuals, cytosolic clearance of nucleotide modified synthetic (nms-mRNAs) is impeded. Sustained presence of nms-mRNA in the cytoplasm deregulates and activates endogenous transposable elements (TEs), causing some of the mRNA copies to be reverse transcribed. The cytosolic accumulation of the nms-mRNA and the reverse transcribed cDNA molecules activates RNA and DNA sensory pathways. Their concurrent activation initiates a synchronized innate response against non-self nucleic acids, prompting type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine production which, if unregulated, leads to autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions, while activated TEs increase the risk of insertional mutagenesis of the reverse transcribed molecules, which can disrupt coding regions, enhance the risk of mutations in tumour suppressor genes, and lead to sustained DNA damage. Susceptible individuals would then expectedly have an increased risk of DNA damage, chronic autoinflammation, autoimmunity and cancer. In light of the current mass administration of nms-mRNA vaccines, it is essential and urgent to fully understand the intracellular cascades initiated by cellular uptake of synthetic mRNA and the consequences of these molecular events.

#covid-19 vaccine #covid-19 #print this off later #LINE-1 #mrna vaccine #fav #important

[nervousmonolith]

studying rn i am so studious anyway aerobic respiration uses oxygen, is the complete breakdown of glucose, releases alot of energy and is a 2 stage process Stage 1: Anaerobic, takes place in the cytosol, releases small amount of energy and splits glucose into 3 carbon molecules Stage 2: Uses oxygen, takes place in the mitrocondrion, Makes large amounts of energy and converts those 3 carbon molecules into carbon dioxide and water

Anaerobic: Does not use oxygen, is the partical breakdown of glucose, low energy is released takes place in the cytosol

#monolith mumbles #i can memorise things just ignore spelling errors smile

[chamomiletea511]

Boo! Trick or treat :D

is that a mutual i see? hi!! you get both a treat and a trick (okay the trick is just a fun fact i learned in class but still)

here's some japanese rice candy! one of my personal favorites, it's a bit nostalgic for me and really fun to eat

the trick: the liquid inside your cells, called cytosol, is the same consistency as olive oil!

#hmmm maybe i should make an ask tag as well #carry-on-my-wayward-gays