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#labour capacity
rotenotes · 4 months
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Marx on surplus value (Οικονομικά Χειρόγραφα του 1857-58 [MECW, vol. 28, pp. 248-51])
Για την κατανόηση του καπιταλισμού απο τον Μαρξ σου στέλνω ένα απόσπασμα (στα αγγλικά και ελληνικά)^* από τα Οικονομικά Χειρόγραφα του 1857-58 (πρώτη εκδοχή του Κεφαλαίου) του Μαρξ που βρίσκεται στο MECW, vol. 28. Στο απόσπασμα αυτό ο Μαρξ παρουσιάζει την υπεραξία. Γύρω απο την υπεραξία–δηλαδή τον ορισμό της και την καταγωγή της–μπορούν να εκτεθούν οι διάφορες οικονομικές θεωρίες^** για τον…
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opstandelse · 8 months
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την εποχη του Μαρξ προοδευτικη οικονομια ήταν η Αμερικάνικη….οι λογοι: 1) η Αμερικη ηταν αποικια των Βρεττανων και ως αποικια η γη της ηταν ακομη ελευθερη, ετσι εχοντας ενα κομματι γης μπορουσες να γινεις αυτονομος αναμεσα σε αυτονομους…ακομη εαν επρεπε για καποιους λογους να εργαστεις ως μισθωτος εργατης γρηγορα με το μισθο σου θα μπορουσες να αγορασεις γη και να αυτονομηθεις. 2) στην Αμερικη…
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pnksze · 2 years
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But YES mentally🫠
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jupscare · 2 years
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i had planned a while ago to start Really planning out my meals but with things so up in the air rn with moving and major #trigger recently and money stuff (fwiends in pewil) its a struggle enough just to Eat at any point. i'm actually feeling pretty great physically, but i'm Constantly overstimulated and too much is happening, so it's really hard for me to even have a conversation. i feel like i've been sprinting all day every day mentally/socially and it's the most frustrating thing about work. i spend so many spoons on Conversations...... i can't have too many in 1 day i'll die. leaves me less spoons to talk to my husband and family and friends :(
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identitty-dickruption · 3 months
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hey, disabled person! do you feel tired all the time? do you feel like you’re working twice as hard as abled people for half the outcome? do you take longer to do every single little thing than an abled person would see as reasonable? well. I would like to introduce you to the concept of crip labour (I first came across this in Smilges, 2023 but I cannot verify whether they came up with the term)
crip labour is a term to describe all the extra work disabled people do on a day-to-day basis. it’s also a form of labour that is invisible to abled people, because they just don’t have to think about most of it. it includes:
the extra labour required to get ready to leave the house in the morning (e.g. the extra steps involved in getting dressed or having a shower)
the social labour required in order to communicate your needs to abled people
the labour involved in having to plan ahead (e.g. knowing where accessible toilets are, knowing where ramp access is, knowing which venues are safe for you to be in)
the administrative labour involved in gaining access to particular institutions (e.g. applying for disability welfare, applying for education access plans, etc)
having a term to describe all the labour involved in keeping yourself alive and happy helps to make that labour more visible. it gives us a way to point out that we are doing more and with less capacity, and it helps to explain why so many of us are so exhausted all the goddamn time
so I hope this is a helpful term for people to bring into their lives!
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sophie-frm-mars · 20 days
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The Cass Review, and what we can do about it
The UK government is making decisive moves toward banning trans healthcare outright. The NHS says it is adjusting its policies to be in line with the "cass report", a pseudoscientific report written by a transphobe that goes as far as to claim that little boys playing with trucks and little girls playing with dolls is biological, and which disregards dozens of scientifically sound previous studies into HRT and trans healthcare in order to reach its conclusions that trans healthcare for under 25s should be radically changed to discourage transition at every turn and make it as hard as possible for young people to transition.
These moves will kill countless young trans people. I would not have made it to 25 if healthcare wasn't available and I know so many other trans people wouldn't have either.
The mainstream reporting in the UK is keeping itself ideologically cohesive by claiming that trans people exist, nobody hates them, and they're very rare, and the big problem is the explosion of new cases of not-really-trans people who are clogging up the system (this is a lie, the system has been intentionally slowed by malicious neglect, it isn't even a resource issue, the clinics have far more capacity than the number of patients who are let through)
Once again, this is genocidal and is actually a commonplace methodology of genocide. The nazis asked GRT people to help them understand which Traveller families were "real" travellers and which were the fake ones, since they insisted it was only the fake ones who were the problem and who had to be exterminated (because a lot of nazi GRT policy was based on American indigenous reservation policy).
Labour, the main opposiiton party in the UK, has announced it will "follow the Cass Report", and implement these restrictions on trans healthcare once in government.
For the survival of young trans people, robust community structures must be developed immediately.
Efforts to change the electoral situation will proceed at a snail's pace and will be entirely at the whims of what is politically expedient. It will turn around, but it will take a long time. At the voting level, everyone in the UK who cares about trans people needs to make it clear that they won't vote for Labour unless they reverse position on this, and to be clear about this: Labour will not listen. They are PR Brained Psychopaths and they don't want to get into this "controversial" issue in a way that might cost them further popularity and the easy election win.
Wes Streeting, inhuman lab experiment and Labour Shadow Health Secretary has said that activists need to "stop protesting to ask us to be better opposition and start protesting to ask us to be better government", in other words their electoral promises are cynical reactionary bargains and deals to get them into power and the only point at which they will change anything is once they are in government, if at all. I know this sounds very "push Biden left" but I'm not saying give up now - to repeat, everyone who cares about trans people in the UK should tell Labour to get fucked right away, and then keep doing it as loudly as possible, but it's just not going to change until after the general election at least.
Another way to help could be through legal routes, like the work that The Good Law Project has been doing for trans people for several years now, but I don't know enough about the law to know if it can be used to challenge this at all.
We have to accept there is no electoral solution right now to this genocidal campaign against trans people in the UK, and while those efforts are ongoing trans people and cis allies need to fucking organise. Trans exclusive / separatist organising is riddled with issues, I don't want to cast hopelessness around but there are really very few of us and while it's absolutely necessary to privilege trans voices in trans organising and give us the deciding power and the autonomy, we need to utilise the support and time and labour of every cis person who is willing to help in whatever way they can.
Robust community structures means community structures that are helping young trans people get healthcare as an absolute basic starting point, but it means a lot more than that besides. We need community structures that are consciously organised by people who are taking responsibility for the community roles they are in and being completely explicit with each other about the nature and function of their organising. We need HRT community resources so young trans people can survive this medical segregation, we need drug user harm reduction spaces so that what people turn to in despair doesn't kill them, we need sober spaces so that people can get away from unhealthy coping responses, we need conflict resolution structures so that our problems are dealt with privately and nobody is left completely isolated, but more than any of those things, and in order to have all of those things, we desperately need trans assemblies
Assemblies are how we will get a community of robust radical organisers, because only by repeatedly practicing the ongoing process of democracy can people learn how to do it in a way that will facilitate their own organising. We have to empower the whole community to answer our own questions, come up with solutions, organise people into structures to enact those solutions and then do them. All this means is that an open door event convenes frequently (at least fortnightly) to discuss what is happening in the community. Trans people get the mic for allotted time, and discuss the issues, and then whatever voting structure the assembly uses facilitates further discussion, for example through working groups - the assembly breaks into smaller groups to discuss the topic and then representatives report the outcomes of those discussions back and consensus is reached from what the representatives report.
We have to get people engaging in this process because in order to effectively combat this situation trans people must agree on the solutions and then tell cis allies how to help and so far we haven't been doing that. We really really haven't been. But we could be with a little work. And as I'm saying, doing this will also empower everyone in the community to organise toward specific solutions for specific issues like HRT provision, sober spaces, housing, food, etc.
fuck
I'll have more to add to this post later I have to get to therapy I just got really mad when I saw the news this morning
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zvaigzdelasas · 1 month
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Millions of solar panels are piling up in warehouses across the Continent because of a manufacturing battle in China, where cut-throat competition has driven the world’s biggest panel-makers to expand production far faster than they can be installed.
The supply glut has caused solar panel prices to halve. This sounds like great news for the EU, which recently pledged to triple its solar power capacity to 672 gigawatts by 2030. That’s roughly equivalent to 200 large nuclear power stations.
In reality, though, it has caused a crisis. Under the EU’s “Green Deal Industrial Plan”, 40pc of the panels to be spread across European fields and roofs were meant to be made by European manufacturers.
However, the influx of cheap Chinese alternatives means that instead of tooling up, manufacturers are pulling out of the market or becoming insolvent. Last year 97pc of the solar panels installed across Europe came from China.[...]
The best estimates suggest that about 90 gigawatts worth of solar panels are stashed around Europe. That solar power capacity roughly equates to 25 large nuclear power stations the size of Hinkley Point C.[...]
The sheer scale of the problem was revealed in a recent report from the International Energy Agency (IEA).
It warned that although the world was installing at record rates of around 400 gigawatts a year, manufacturing capacity was growing far faster.
By the end of this year solar panel factories, mostly in China, will be capable of churning out 1,100 gigawatts a year – nearly three times more than the world is ready [sic] for. For comparison, that’s about 11 times [!!!!] the UK’s entire generating capacity.
For some solar power installers, it’s a dream come true. Sagar Adani is building solar farms across India’s deserts, with 54 in operation and another 12 being built.
His company, Adani Green Energy, is constructing one solar farm so large that it will cover an area five times the size of Paris and have a capacity of 30 gigawatts – equal to a third of the UK’s entire generating capacity.
“I am installing tens of millions of solar panels across these projects,” says Adani. “Almost all of them will have been imported from China. There is nowhere else that can supply them in such numbers or at such prices.
“China saw the opportunity before others, it looked forward to what the world is going to set up 10 years on. And because they scaled up in the way they did, they were able to reduce costs substantially as well.”
That scaling up meant the capital cost of installing solar power fell from around £1.25m per megawatt of generating capacity in 2015 to around £600,000 today – a decrease of more than 50pc – making it cheaper than almost any other form of generation, including wind.[...]
“Up to 2012 there was a healthy looking European solar panel industry but it was actually very reliant on subsidies and preferential treatment.
“But then European governments and other customers started buying from China because their products were so much cheaper. And China still has cheap labour and cheap energy plus a massive domestic market. It’s hard to see Europe recovering from those disadvantages.”
Trying sososo hard to make this sound like a bad thing [23 Mar 24]
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illnessfaker · 2 months
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i get really uncomfortable w/ the framing that when people who arent cis men hurt trans women this is because they don't know they can do harm. this is totally backward -- everyone is well aware of their capability of harm, it's just that they don't register harm to trans women as something worth considering or caring about, or even as harm.
like the conversation on transmisogyny that overfocuses on the identity of a person rather than the way transmisogynistic violence can be leveraged across identity, this similarly invisibilizes the fact that trans women are socially harm-able subjects because of their extreme abjection and social worthlessness as peripheralized women.
a person (of any gender) who does harm to a trans woman or exploits her labour likely is more often than not aware of the capacity they can potentially harm people they actually consider more personlike here. a trans woman is often not included in that
you see this all the time, actually, with how people are far more hyperaware of a worry over harming cis men in their lives than the trans women
( from this thread by bloomfilters on X )
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prokopetz · 2 years
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I think we need to take the “what if the conventional monster was friendly?” thing in fantasy worldbuilding further. “What if the dragon was friendly?” and “what if the orcs across the valley were friendly?” are well and good, but I’m thinking more like “what if the animated skeletons in the local graveyard were friendly?”
I think with the animated skeletons in particular the key is to play up their separation from the living in a way that’s still kinda creepy, but in an odd way rather than a horrific way. Something like:
Animated skeletons are explicitly not just skeleton versions of the living people their bones came from, and in fact don’t seem to have much in the way of individual identity – or, at least, if they do, they don’t express it in the way that humans do.  
They aren’t impaired by the loss of individual bones – including the skull! – and can freely swap bones among themselves. The same pile of loose bones won’t always animate into the same number or configuration of skeletons, nor does having more available bones necessarily translate into more skeletons.  
Consequently, questions like “how many skeletons are there?” are difficult to answer.  
Animated skeletons generally seem to understand both spoken and written languages, but don’t have much capacity for producing language; they don’t speak or write, and their capacity for signing is limited to stuff like nodding or shaking their head for “yes” or “no“, pointing to indicate objects or directions, etc.  
In spite of this, they appear to be able to communicate complex information and ideas amongst themselves, but it happens via some undetectable, (presumably) non-language-based medium.  
Their otherwise limited expressive capacity notwithstanding, skeleton “culture” (if that’s the word for it) is very big on making music. Instruments and sheet music are among the few material goods that skeletons value, though the former are typically limited to those that can be operated without breath.  
(This generally means percussion and strings. Wind instruments that can be operated without breath are an occasional feature; pipe organs are a big deal in those skeleton communities that can get their phalanges on them, as are a modified form of bagpipes, operated by two-skeleton teams where one plays the music and the other inflates the bag with a portable bellows.)  
Apart from music, skeletons are mostly into repetitive manual labour, though exclusively on a volunteer basis, as they’re uninterested in payment and will simply collapse into inanimate piles of bones if coerced. If you want a skeleton to do something for you, be prepared to explain why, in detail, to a silent, motionless, and expressionless audience.  
Skeletons are notably more likely to heed a request from a priest or religious scholar than from laypersons. There are a lot of theories as to why this is; the skeletons themselves are disinclined to comment.  
A skeleton with nothing better to do may squat like a gargoyle near some well-trafficked location and observe local goings-on, remaining motionless apart from turning its skull toward points of interest for days or weeks on end. It’s generally considered polite not to draw attention to their presence.
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rotenotes · 6 months
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Reading Marx's Capital (profit vs. surplus value)
Marx's Capital TOC (https://rotenotes.neocities.org/) Reading Marx’s Capital | social and political theory
[translate in english and expand on "η υπεραξία και το κερδος δεν απλα οικονομικο-φιλοσοφικες εννοιες' εχουν και μαθηματικη σχεση μεταξυ τους…. κερδος = υπεραξία / μεταβλητο κεφαλαιο(μισθοι που αγοραζουν δημιουργουσα αξια αρα και υπεραξια ζωντανη εργατικη ικανοτητα ή δυναμη) και σταθερο κεφαλαιο (αντικειμενοποιημενη/νεκρη εργασια)" ChatGPT
The term "η υπεραξία και το κέρδος δεν απλά είναι οικονομικο-φιλοσοφικές έννοιες" translates to "surplus value and profit are not just economic-philosophical concepts."
The statement goes on to establish a mathematical relationship between these concepts: "κέρδος = υπεραξία / μεταβλητό κεφάλαιο (μισθοί που αγοράζουν δημιουργούν δημιουργική αξία, άρα και υπεραξία, ζωντανή εργατική ικανότητα ή δύναμη) και σταθερό κεφάλαιο (αντικειμενοποιημένη/νεκρή εργασία)."
In English, this can be expanded as follows:
"The concepts of surplus value and profit extend beyond mere economic and philosophical notions. They can be understood through a mathematical relationship: profit equals surplus value divided by variable capital (wages that purchase productive labor, hence generating surplus value from living labor power or capability), and constant capital (objectified/dead labor)."
This statement highlights the interconnectedness of economic and philosophical ideas with mathematical formulations, emphasizing the intricate relationship between labor, value creation, and profitability. It underscores the importance of recognizing the mathematical underpinnings of economic concepts for a more comprehensive understanding of their implications.]
[translate in english and write an essay in english for "στον 1ο τομο του Κεφαλαιου αντικειμενο ειναι η παραγωγη υπεραξιας . στο 2ο τομο ειναι η πραγματοποίση της υπεραξίας στην κυκλοφορια (των εμπορευματων). στον 3ο τομο ειναι η κατανομη της υπεραξίας: σε (βιομηχανικο/εμπορικο) κερδος, σε τοκο (επι καποιου κεφαλαιου: παραγωγικου (profit of enterprise) η/και χρηματικου: interest), σε γαιοπροσοδο (rent) ….πριν απο αυτο βρισκεται η μετατροπη της υπεραξίας σε κερδος και των αξιων σε τιμες παραγωγης (prices of production): μεσω αυτη�� της μετατροπης κρυβεται η εκμεταλλευτικη σχεση, γιατι ετσι το κερδος φαινεται να προκύπτει τοσο απο το μεταβλητο οσο και απο το σταθερο κεφαλαιο, κατι που παιρνει την πιο μυστικοποιμενη μορφη της υπεραξίας στον τοκο (interest: Χ-Χ' με Χ'>Χ) (οπου η διαμεσολαβηση απο την παραγωγικη εργασια [Εργατικη δύναμη/Μεσα παραγωγης / Εμπορευματων] στη διαδικασια αξιοποιησης του κεφαλαιου εχει χαθει)" ChatGPT
Title: Marx's Analysis of Surplus Value and Capital Circulation
In the first volume of "Capital," Karl Marx delves into the fundamental concept of surplus value production. He meticulously dissects the process through which capital accumulates, revealing the intricate dynamics underlying capitalist economies. Moving forward to the second volume, Marx shifts his focus towards the realization of surplus value within the sphere of circulation, predominantly within the realm of commodities.
The third volume marks a crucial juncture in Marx's exploration, as it centers on the distribution of surplus value. This distribution occurs across various channels, including industrial and commercial profits, interest on capital (both productive, categorized as profit of enterprise, and monetary, recognized as interest), and land rent. These distinct avenues elucidate the multifaceted nature of surplus value's dispersion within the capitalist system.
Preceding this comprehensive analysis is the transformation of surplus value into profit and the conversion of values into production prices. Concealed within this transformation lies the exploitative relationship inherent in capitalist production. This transformation is pivotal in understanding the obscured form of surplus value, particularly in relation to interest.
Interest, represented as (Χ-Χ' with Χ'>Χ), encapsulates a critical aspect of this process. It signifies a departure from the direct involvement of productive labor (Labor Power / Means of Production / Commodities) in the capital utilization process. This shift highlights the evolution from a labor-centric production model to a more financially driven system.
Marx's exposition on these intricate stages provides a profound insight into the inner workings of capitalist economies. The transformation of surplus value into profit, and subsequently into interest, exemplifies the nuanced dynamics of exploitation within this economic framework. By unraveling these layers, Marx sheds light on the mechanisms that perpetuate the accumulation of capital and the perpetuation of class-based disparities.
In conclusion, Marx's trilogy of "Capital" offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the generation, realization, and distribution of surplus value within capitalist economies. The conversion of surplus value into profit and production prices unveils the veiled dimensions of exploitation, with interest serving as a critical intermediary. Through this meticulous analysis, Marx provides invaluable insights into the functioning of capitalist systems, contributing significantly to economic and philosophical discourse.]
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gatheringbones · 7 months
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[“People are attracted to the concept of a Nordic-style law that criminalises only the sex buyer, and not the prostitute – but any campaign or policy that aims to reduce business for sex workers will force them to absorb the deficit, whether in their wallets or in their working conditions. As a sex worker in the Industrial Workers of the World observes,
I find that how easy, safe, and enjoyable I can make my work is directly related to whether I can survive on what I’m currently making … I might be safer if I refused any clients who make their disrespect for me clear immediately, but I know exactly where I can afford to set the bar on what I need to tolerate. If I haven’t been paid in weeks, I need to accept clients who sound more dangerous than I’d usually be willing to risk.
When sex workers speak to this, we are often seemingly misheard as defending some kind of ‘right’ for men to pay for sex. In fact, as Wages For Housework articulated in the 1970s, naming something as work is a crucial first step in refusing to do it – on your own terms. Marxist-feminist theorist Silvia Federici wrote in 1975 that ‘to demand wages for housework does not mean to say that if we are paid we will continue to do it. It means precisely the opposite. To say that we want money for housework is the first step towards refusing to do it, because the demand for a wage makes our work visible, which is the most indispensable condition to begin to struggle against it.’ Naming work as work has been a key feminist strategy beyond Wages For Housework. From sociologist Arlie Hochschild’s term ‘emotional labour’, to journalist Susan Maushart’s term ‘wife-work’, to Sophie Lewis’s theorising around surrogacy and ‘gestational labour’, naming otherwise invisible or ‘natural’ structures of gendered labour is central to beginning to think about how, collectively, to resist or reorder such work.
Just because a job is bad does not mean it’s not a ‘real job’. When sex workers assert that sex work is work, we are saying that we need rights. We are not saying that work is good or fun, or even harmless, nor that it has fundamental value. Likewise, situating what we do within a workers’ rights framework does not constitute an unconditional endorsement of work itself. It is not an endorsement of capitalism or of a bigger, more profitable sex industry. ‘People think the point of our organisation is [to] expand prostitution in Bolivia’, says ONAEM activist Yuly Perez. ‘In fact, we want the opposite. Our ideal world is one free of the economic desperation that forces women into this business.’
It is not the task of sex workers to apologise for what prostitution is. Sex workers should not have to defend the sex industry to argue that we deserve the ability to earn a living without punishment. People should not have to demonstrate that their work has intrinsic value to society to deserve safety at work. Moving towards a better society – one in which more people’s work does have wider value, one in which resources are shared on the basis of need – cannot come about through criminalisation. Nor can it come about through treating marginalised people’s material needs and survival strategies as trivial. Sex workers ask to be credited with the capacity to struggle with work – even to hate it – and still be considered workers. You don’t have to like your job to want to keep it.”]
molly smith, juno mac, from revolting prostitutes: the fight for sex workers’ rights, 2018
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toskarin · 1 year
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copyright reasons aside, the moral imperative not to allow fandoms to work on your projects in an official capacity is that fandoms — inherently manifestations of community passion — run on hobby labour. hobby labour is fine when someone's doing it on their own time for fun, but the thing about hobby labour is that it's most common in those with lots of time and no pressing need for income (in effect, children and teenagers)
now, that specific group of people is very likely to bite at an opportunity to work on something they love. whether or not they value their time, there isn't really an imperative for them to see the creators of their favourite work as a "boss" so much as an admired friend they're doing something nice for
they don't really have the career experience to recognise a raw deal, since they view the prospect of working as its own reward. if someone they admire is disappointed in them, that's bad, and so they'll work harder than an adult in a similar position might
unrelated, crazy to think about how homestuck's 14 years old now
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janearts · 5 months
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I'm not super familiar with D&D lore, but how does Roisia's parents' relationship work? With her mother being a Kelemvorite and her father possessing his own skeleton? Or does her mother even know about his current state?
I adore Roisia and your work
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Thank you! The short of it is: it's work but it works and she knows. Got into the weeds of it under the cut.
Yasmin couldn't bring herself to execute her duty as a Cleric of Kelemvor and former Necrobane and execute her (now undead) husband. In one fell swoop, Roisia ruined her mother's otherwise stellar track record as a Kelemvorite.
Logistically, if Yasmin wanted her husband to have freedom of movement, she could no longer offer room and board to the servants and staff in her employ. She allowed rumours that her business was suffering financially go unchallenged, since an undead husband in a funeral home is even worse for business. Generally speaking, Roisia's father, Jairus, keeps to the upstairs (the family's quarters) and attic during business hours and is free to roam the house and grounds at night. (This is of course on the condition that there are no funerary celebrations that evening.) He now puts his carpentry skills to work in the fashioning of coffins and caskets, but otherwise his time is his own.
Because they no longer have live-in servants, the family now has to take on more domestic labour (e.g., cleaning, laundering) to prevent their servants from discovering the lie. Jairus has commandeered cooking for his family, but will clean or launder clothes when bored. I should note here that both Jairus and Yasmin came from working-class backgrounds. They know how to do domestic labour; it was Roisia who grew up with servants and who had to learn to do without.
The relationships (between spouses, between child and parent) are loving, but not without strain. Jairus is fundamentally lonely. He feels like a ghost: he can't go back to work at the docks as a shipwright, he can't go out for a pint at the Maid with his mates, he can't go off to the countryside to visit with his side of the family, he can't even take a walk around the city at night for fear of discovery. So he grasps at any family time he can get, which is tough when he is functionally nocturnal and the rest of his small family is diurnal.
Yasmin, meanwhile, still deeply loves her husband even as a skeleton, but she also sees his pain. She is torn between keeping her daughter happy (father lives) and offering her husband a way out (father dies), and struggles with the guilt of whether or not a mercy killing would really be a mercy to Jairus... or to her. And then, some nights, she worries that perhaps she would not be able to kill him at all were she ever to try, and that would make everything all the worse.
Roisia, meanwhile, is largely ignorant of her parent's anxieties. She is still elated to have her father back in whatever capacity. She enjoys picking up the thread of their past lives: stargazing and charting with him, chatting to him from the kitchen table while he cooks, demanding that he retwist her locs even when he's certain she doesn't need a retwist, trying to outplay him at games, etc. She hides her studies in Necromancy as best as possible from her parents, but dreams of a day of restoring her father to the way he was, flesh and all.
TL;DR: "Works" is the operative word here. Everyone is doing their best with what they've got.
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transmutationisms · 9 months
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okay so i’ve never really grasped this, might as well ask now — how exactly does the cyberspace & nft stuff mine resources? i’ve heard the basics (i.e. crypto mining uses energy and what not) but i’ve never been able to understand how internet connects to real resources. could you sort of explain that (along the lines with the spam email post) in a simpler way?
ok, put very simply: it's easy for people who only interact with the internet as users to treat 'cyberspace' or 'the virtual world' as immaterial. i type something out on my phone, it lives in the screen. intuitively, it feels less real and physical than writing the same words down on a piece of paper with a pencil. this is an illusion. the internet is real and physical; digital technology is not an escape from the use of natural resources to create products. my phone, its charger, the data storage facility, a laptop: all of these things are physical objects. the internet does not exist without computers; it is a network of networks that requires real, physical devices and cables in order to store, transmit, and access all of the data we use every time we load a webpage or save a text document.
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this is one of google's data centres—part of the physical network of servers and cables that google operates. these are real objects made of real materials that need to be obtained through labour and then manufactured into these products through labour. the more data we use, the more capacity the physical network must have. google operates dozens of these data centres and potentially millions of servers (there is no official number). running these facilities takes electricity, cooling technologies (servers get hot), and more human labour. now think about how many other companies exist that store or transmit data. this entire network exists physically.
when you look at a server, or a phone, or a laptop, you might be glossing over a very simple truth that many of us train ourselves not to see: these objects themselves are made of materials that have supply chains! for example, cobalt, used in (among other things) lithium-ion batteries, has a notoriously brutal supply chain relying on horrific mining practices (including child labour), particularly in the congo. lithium mining, too, is known to have a massive environmental toll; the list goes on. dangerous and exploitative working conditions, as well as the environmental costs of resource extraction, are primarily and immediately borne by those who are already most brutally oppressed under capitalism: poor workers in the global south, indigenous people, &c. this is imperialism in action. digital technologies cannot exist without resources, and tech companies (like all capitalist firms!) are profitable because they exploit labour.
all commodities require resources and labour to make and distribute. digital technology is no different. these are material objects with material histories and contexts. nothing about the internet is immaterial, from the electromagnetic waves of wi-fi communication to the devices we use to scroll tumblr. it is, in fact, only by a fantastical sleight-of-hand that we can look at and interact with these objects and still consider the internet to be anything but real resources.
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Human needs can typically be satisfied either by means of relatively resource-efficient, non-commodified need satisfiers (for instance, public transit; food from a community kitchen), or by means of relatively scarce and resource-inefficient commodities (a privately owned car; a home-delivery meal). Under capitalism, commons and public goods are commodified and an artificial scarcity is imposed to ensure that these goods can be profitable when sold. In order to obtain the income to access these goods, people are obliged to compete with one another in the labour market to generate production for capital. Put differently, people are forced to produce many things that no one needs, in order to access things that everyone actually does need. Artificial scarcity is, in this way, the engine of perpetual growth. This dynamic explains why, despite the extraordinary productive capacity of capitalism – and despite extraordinarily high levels of aggregate resource use – much of the human population is nonetheless unable to meet basic needs. When it comes to meeting human needs, capitalism is deeply inefficient and wasteful.
How to pay for saving the world: Modern Monetary Theory for a degrowth transition
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inuyashaluver · 6 months
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Hey, I have an idea for a Maybe you could do something with asthma where the reader gives her best during training or something but it got worse and then Guro helps reader ???
You don’t have to write it with Guro you can chose who you write for
Thankss
here for you - niamh charles
niamh charles x reader
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description: in which reader has asthma and pushes themselves to their limit, resulting in a minor asthma attack, thankfully, your girlfriend knows exactly what to do
warnings: asthma attack, comfort, slight self loathing but very brief, lovesick idiots
a/n: hellooo, thank you so much for the request, I also have asthma so this was quite funny hehe, hope you enjoy! btw - lovely person who requested this asked for niamh instead!!
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asthma was something you struggled with all your life. it was always recommended that sport would allow you to benefit from the disease and expand your lung capacity, thankfully, your parents put you in soccer young - resulting in you getting signed to chelsea and the lionesses.
you met your girlfriend, niamh in the lioness youth teams, mainly acquainted until she got signed to your club, chelsea. you both began to grow closer to one another, steadily forming into a relationship after both of your pining and a steady push from your friends.
niamh knew about your asthma, she frequently got anxious thinking about you being in a vulnerable state. she always had your medication on her person just in case. especially now, since you were overseas at national camp, there is no way she would let anything happen to you. proven on your team walk in a foreign city.
“niamh, baby, you don’t have to carry my medication for me, I feel bad”
“I know babe, I just want to be extra prepared, what if something happens to you? also, you don’t need to feel bad about anything, silly”
she grabbed your hand in hers and lightly swung them back and forth, smiling down at you and placing a quick kiss on your lips.
you placed your cheek on her shoulder, lightly cuddling into her as you walked. after a lovely moment in solitude, you hear people behind you grimacing. you both turn to face milly and mary gagging,
“ugh we get it! you’re in love, good for you!” mary makes kissing noises at both of you. you look up at niamh again, “it is good for us isn’t it, baby” she leaned down and pulled you into a longer kiss, purposely stopping in front of them to hear their continued grimaced noises. you giggled when she pulled away and you bumped your shoulder with her own.
“you’re silly, niamhy baby”
“only for you, my girl” she smiled, shaking her head at you, giggling.
it was time for training, the final match was slowly approaching, meaning training was getting more intense and the girls are getting more serious.
everything was going well at first. everyone was doing training drills and light laps around the training grounds. you and niamh always partnered up for drills, she wanted to keep and eye on you but you were also both so incredibly obsessed with each other that any amount of separation was painful.
while the team was doing their laps, niamh noticed your laboured breathing, much heavier than it would be regularly. her alarm bells ringing as she looks at you concerned.
“hey, baby, how about we stop for a sec and have a drink hm?” she asked, slowing down to walking instead of jogging.
“niamhy, I’m okay” you breathe out,
“you’re not though, baby, please?”
“I promise I’m okay, beautiful, I’ll have a drink after we’re done.” you sped up and ran past her, you felt guilty that all she was focusing on was you and felt some separation from her would ease her worries.
she frowns watching you run away from her, watching you catch up to ella, alessia and maya. she decided to give you your space, as much as it was hurting her, she didn’t want to stress you out. she put her hand on your puffer in her pocket, squeezing it slightly, thoughts racing through her mind. she was stressed, and she couldn’t focus.
during the mini match, you were placed on the opposite team. you actively avoided niamh, still feeling extremely guilty that she felt that she was responsible for you. you’re stress and the intensity of the game had you struggling to breathe. you were standing with your hands on your hips while the play was going on. you couldn’t breathe. alessia, placed on the same team as you grabbed your arm and told you to sit down.
you were coughing and wheezing uncontrollably, you were having an asthma attack. niamh’s worst nightmare. she immediately sprinted over to you.
“(y/n/n)?” alessia asked “are you okay, love?”
you shook your head.
“need-” you breathe out, “niamh-”you continued to cough. you felt alessia move off you as niamh arrived where you were.
niamh took the puffer out of her pocket, kneeling in front of you.
“baby” she exhaled “baby, try and take a deep breath for me” she made eye contact with you
the girls moved away from the both of you, wanting to give you and niamh your space, this didn’t mean they weren’t looking at you concerned from a distance.
niamh directed the puffer into your mouth, placing a hand on your knee and lightly rubbing her thumb against it.
“breathe in, baby,” you inhale the medication, taking four breaths, “good girl baby, okay three more”
she administered the medication to you, your breathing finally regulated.
“well done, baby! all better?” you nodded at niamh but instantly started to cry.
“niamhy, baby” you cry out, tears frantically running down your face.
“what’s wrong, lovey?” she grabbed your face in between her hands, wiping the tears off your cheeks
“I’m so sorry” you shook your head in between her hands, closing your eyes tightly.
“hey, hey, hey, baby” she moved your head upwards in her hands, “(y/n), look at me, love, come on” she only called you your first name when you were in trouble, or you were in a serious situation
you open your eyes to look at her pouting,
“what are you sorry about?”
“that i'm a burden to you, you always have to look out for me and i’m making you miserable.”
she looked at you in disbelief, she was so upset at your words, her own tears brimming in her eyes.
“you listen to m,e (y/n) (y/l/n), you are never a burden to me, nor are you making me miserable, how could you even say that. you’re my girlfriend and I love you.” she spoke, not stuttering on any of her words.
“ if I didn’t want to take care of you, I wouldn’t. but guess what, baby, I do want to look after you. and I will for the rest of my life. my baby girl. don’t speak about yourself like that. it hurts me”
“is this why you’re distancing yourself from me?” you nodded at her with a pout. she looked right into your eyes. a tear ran down her cheek. you moved up to kiss it away and pulled her down into a tight embrace. crashing you down to the floor, her lying on top of you.
“I’m so sorry, baby” you spoke into her neck.
“if you apologise one more time I won’t hesitate to beat you up”
you laugh at her, she moves to slightly straddle your waist.
“I’m always here for you, okay?” you nod at her
“me too, baby” she puts her pinky out to you and you link your own with hers. smiling gently at each other.
“I like this position” you wink at her,
“cheeky” she shakes her head at you. she moves off you and grabs your hands to pull you up.
niamh pulls you into another tight hug. she whispers in your ear. “at least wait till we get back to the room.” her hand was on your lower back, beginning to move lower and lower.
“niamh charles! who’s the cheeky one now!” you exclaim, moving slightly to keep her at arms length.
“you love it, don’t lie.” she laughs when you don’t decline, giving you a loving, short kiss, communicating all her love and affection.
“alright you two! enough!” millie, your chelsea teammate expresses, “i can’t escape both of you.”
niamh picks you up bridal style and you yelp, quickly wrapping your arms around her neck. the entire team was smiling at the both of you, loving that your love was so genuine for each other.
“it’s not my fault, mills, she’s obsessed with me” niamh calls out, walking over to the rest of the team and placing you on the ground.
“no denying that, charles” you say, feeling her arms wrap around you and resting her head on your shoulder.
“okay, (y/l/n), sit down for a couple minutes and freshen up, you can join in a little later” sarina says, “the rest of you back to work!” she smiles at you and you go to move to the bench, stopped by niamh’s grip. you laugh and hold her hands and she places multiple pecks on your neck.
“charles! that means you too!” sarina yells, “I’m going! I’m going!” sarina and you both laugh at her antics.
she grabs your head with her hands again, peppering your entire face with kisses and finally landing on your lips, giving you a little kiss.
“love you, bye!” niamh gives you cheek a squeeze,
“I love you too, niamhy baby, off you go” giving her a light tap on her backside as she runs away from you.
“cheeky!” she yells out, running backwards and giving you a wink.
she managed to score a goal, pointing her finger at you. “for my baby!” you shake your head at her and blow her a kiss and she returns the gesture.
on the bus home, you both fell asleep, cuddling up to each other on the way to the hotel. everyone was gushing over you two, equally loving your relationship, you were in love and everyone couldn’t be happier.
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for the sake of the fic, this is you and not tooney (TOONEY I LOVE YOU)
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niamhcharles17: I love my girl ❤️ @/yourname
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yourname: niamhy baby!
↳ niamhcharles17: my baby!
↳ mbrighty04: sick of both of you
↳ niamhcharles17: @/yourname and I will make sure to be extra affectionate just for you
↳ yourname: cheeky!!
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