Educational Background
Rizal’s first teachers:
1. Dona Teodora
Rizal's mother, Dona, was kind, diligent, and understanding.
She discovered that her son had a talent for poetry.
She encouraged him to write poems.
2. Private Tutors of Rizal
Maestro Celestino
Maestro Lucas
Leon Monroy
Rizal goes to Binan, Laguna:
June, 1869 Rizal left for Binan
Was accompanied by Paciano his older brother
He was taught by Maestro Justiniano
In academic studies, Rizal beat all Binan boys
He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects
Life and Studies in Ateneo
Ateneo De Municipal established by the Jesuits
Rizal entered in 1872
He belonged to the class composed of Spaniards, mestizos and Filipinos
His teacher was Fr. Jose Bech
He was considered as an inferior and was placed at the buttom of the class
By the end of the month he became the emperor and received a prize, a religious picture
To improve his Spanish Rizal took private lessons in Santa Isabel College
During his 4th year in Ateneo he received 5 medals and graduated as sobresaliente
He graduated on March 23, 1877(16 years old)
Received the degree of bachelor of arts, with highest honors not a valedictiorian
Extra Curricular Involvement
An emperor inside the classroom
Campus leader
Active member and became a secretary, the Marian Congregation Religious Society
Member of the Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences
Poet
Studied painting under the famous Spanish Painter, Agustin Saez
Improved his sculpture talents under the supervision of Romualdo de Jesus
Engaged in gymnastics and fencing and continued the physical training under his sports-minded Tio Manuel.
Medical Studies in University of Sto. Thomas (1877-1882)
After graduating , he continued his education at UST.
He finished a year in Philosophy and Letters.
He decided to shift to a medical course.
UST was under the Dominicans , rival of the Jesuits in education.
Remained loyal to Ateneo participated in extracurricular activities in Ateneo and completed a course in surveying.
As a Thomasian he won more literary laurels
During his first term in 1877-1878 in UST, he studied Cosmology, Metaphysics , Theodicy and History of Philosophy.
It was during the school term 1878-1879 that Rizal pursued his studies in medicine.
Reasons why Rizal wanted to study Medicine:
He wanted to be a physician so that he could cure his mother’s failing eyesight.
Fr. Pablo Ramon, the Father Rector of Ateneo whom he consulted for a choice of career, finally answered his letter , and recommended medicine.
Pre- Med Course
Curso de Ampiacion or Advanced course in Physics, Chemistry and Natural History.
Out of the 28 young men taking Ampliacion only four including Rizal were granted the privilege of taking simultaneously the preparatory course and the first year of medicine.
Rizal also received his four year practical training in medicine at the Hospital de San Juan de Dios in Intramuros.
During his last year at the University, Rizal had obtained the global grade of Notable(Very Good) in all of his subjects, and he was the second best student in a decimated class of seven who passed the medicine course. After which, Rizal decided to study in Spain.
Academic Journey To Spain ( 1882-1885 )
His departure for Spain was kept secret from Spanish Authorities, friars and even his parents especially his mother because she would not allow him to go.
To avoid detection , he used the name Jose Mercado.
On May 3, 1882 he boarded on Salvadora bound for Singapore where he was the only Filipino passenger.
On November 3, 1882, he enrolled in Universidad Central de Madrid taking up two courses: Philosophy an Letters and Medicine.
On June 21, 1884 , he conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine.
The Following academic year , he studied and passed all subjects leading to the degree of doctor of medicine.
Unfortunately, he was not able to submit the thesis required for graduation nor paid the corresponding fees.
With that, he was not awarded his Doctor’s Diploma.
Jose Rizal also finished his studies in Philosophy and Letters with higher grades.
He was awarded the Degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid June 19, 1885 with the rating of excellent.
Ophthalmology studies and travels in Europe
Jose Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in ophthalmology. Among all branches, he chose this specialization because he wanted to cure his mother’s failing eyesight.
In 1885, after studying at the Universidad Central de Madrid, Rizal, who was then 24 years old, went to Paris to acquire more knowledge in ophthalmology.
Organization and Affiliations
La Liga Filipina
Berlin Ethnographical Society
Berlin Anthropological Society
Gran Oriente de Espana, Acacia Lodge No. 9 (Freemason, 1884)
La Solidaridad
Ciculo Hispana-Filipino
Research and Publications
Noli Me Tangere, novel, 1887 (literally Latin (Touch Me Not)
El FIlibusterismo, novel, 1891 (sequel to Noli Me Tangere)
Mi Ultimo Adios, poem, 1897 (literally “My Last Farewell”)
“Come se gobiernan las Filipinas” (Governing the Philippine Islands)
Filipinas dentro de cien años essay, 1889-90 (The Philippines a Century Hence)
Sa Mga Kababaihang Taga Malolos, essay, 1889 (To the Young Women of Malolos)
Annotations to Antonio de Moragas, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (essay, 1889, Events in the Philippine Islands)
El Consejo de los Dioses (The council of Gods)
Junto Al Pasig (Along the Pasig) San Euistaquio, Mártyr (Saint Eustache, the martyr)
Paintings
Dapita Church Curtains, 1894 (oil)
Christ Crucified, 1875 (crayon)
Spanish Coat of Arms, 1867 (water color)
Allegory on a Pair of Porcelain Bases of the New Year Celebration,
1886 (oil)
Portrait of Morayta, 1885 (crayon)
Immaculate Conception (crayon)
Saturnina Rizal (oil)
A Painting on a Pair of Mother-of-pearl (oil)
Sketches:
Japan sketches, ink, 1888
Room in which El Filibusterismo was begun, crayon, 1887
Pencil sketch of Dr. Blumentritt, pencil, 1886
Monkey and the Tortoise, ink, 1886
Brooklyn Bridge, pencil, 1886
Limang Salita, ink, 1886
Notas Clinicas, ink, 1885
SS Djemnah, pencil, 1882
Manila, pencil, 1882
Singapore lighthouse, ink or pencil, 1882
Along Suez Canal, ink or pencil, 1882
Castle of St. ELmo, ink or pencil, 1882
Aden, ink or pencil, 1882
Fishes caught in Dapitan, ink
Noli Me Tangere cover, ink
Father Pablo Pastells
Leonor Rivera, crayon
Segunda Katigbak, ink
Sulpakan, ink
Mt. Makiling
Poems
A las flores del Heidelberg
To the Philippines
Our Mother Tongue
Memories of My Town
Hymn to Labor
Kundiman
A Poem that Has No Title
Song of Maria Clara
To the Philippines Youth
To Josephine
Education Gives Luster to the Motherland
To the Virgin Mary
Sa Aking Mga Kabata
Sculptures
Josephine Bracken (medallion), wood, 1896
Josephine sleeping, plaster, 1896
Father Jose Guerrico (bust), clay, 1894
Oyang Dapitana, clay, 1894
Sacred heart of Jesus, terra cotta, 1894
Mother's Revenge, clay, 1894
Dr. Ricardo Carnicero, clay, 1893
St. Paul the Hermit, clay, 1893
The Triumph of Death Over Life, clay, 1890
The Triumph of Science Over Death, clay, 1890
Dr. Francisco Mercado (bust), wood, 1888
Augustus Ceasar, clay, 1888
Julius Ceasar, clay, 1888
Sacred Heart of Jesus, wood, 1877
Felix Pardo de Tavera
Image of Virgin Mary, wood
Orate Frantes, wax
San Antonio de Padua, clay
Gen. Blanco (bust), ivory
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