Lingthusiasm Episode 68: Tea and skyscrapers - When words get borrowed across languages
When societies of humans come into contact, they’ll often pick up words from each other. When this is happening actively in the minds of multilingual people, it gets called codeswitching; when it happened long before anyone alive can remember, it’s more likely to get called etymology. But either way, this whole spectrum is a kind of borrowing.
In this episode, your hosts Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne get enthusiastic about borrowing and loanwords. There are lots of different trajectories that words take when we move them around from language to language, including words that are associated with particular domains, like tea and books, words that shift meaning when they language hop, like “gymnasium” and “babyfoot”, words that get translated piece by piece, like “gratte-ciel” (skyscraper) and “fernseher” (television), and words that end up duplicating the same meaning (or is it...?) in multiple languages, like “naan bread” and “Pendle hill”. We also talk about the tricky question of how closely to adapt or preserve a borrowed word, depending on your goals and the circumstances.
Read the transcript here.
Announcements:
The LingComm grants have been announced! Thank you so much to everyone who made this possible, and congratulations to all our grantees. Go check out their projects as they keep rolling out over the rest of this year for a little more fun linguistics content in your life.
In this month’s bonus episode, originally recorded live through the Lingthusiasm Discord, we get enthusiastic about your sweary questions! We talk about why it's so hard to translate swears in a way that feels satisfying, how swears and other taboo words participate in the Euphemism Cycle, a very ambitious idea for cataloging swear words in various languages, and more.
Join us on Patreon to listen to this and 60+ other bonus episodes. You’ll also get access to the Lingthusiasm Discord server where you can play and discuss word games and puzzles with other language nerds!
Here are the links mentioned in this episode:
Snopes entry ‘Did Coca-Cola translate its name into a Chinese phrase meaning 'bite the wax tadpole'?’
Auslan.org dictionary entry for ‘ham’
Wikipedia entry for ‘false friend’
@OlaWikander‘s tweet about tungsten
Wikipedia entry for ‘tungsten’
Wikipedia entry for Polish ‘herbata’
The Language of Food blog entry about the etymology of cha/tea
Map of tea vs cha spread via Quartz
WALS entry for words derived from Sinitic ‘cha’ vs words derived from Min Nan Chinese ‘te’
Wikipedia entry for ‘calque’
Wikipedia entry for ‘Uncleftish Beholding’
Lingthusiasm episode ‘You heard about it but I was there - Evidentiality’
‘Morphological Complexity and Language Contact in Languages Indigenous to North America’ - by Marianne Mithun
Wikipedia entry for ‘Pendle Hill’
En Clair - The Pendle Witch Trials
All Things Linguistic post on loadwords creating duplicates (including the TikTok video about pav-roti)
Wikipedia list of tautological place names
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Email us at contact [at] lingthusiasm [dot] com
Gretchen is on Twitter as @GretchenAMcC and blogs at All Things Linguistic.
Lauren is on Twitter as @superlinguo and blogs at Superlinguo.
Lingthusiasm is created by Gretchen McCulloch and Lauren Gawne. Our senior producer is Claire Gawne, our production editor is Sarah Dopierala, our production assistant is Martha Tsutsui Billins, and our production manager is Liz McCullough. Our music is ‘Ancient City’ by The Triangles.
This episode of Lingthusiasm is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike license (CC 4.0 BY-NC-SA).
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