Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
Marseille, France, 1928, Gaston Castel, architect
By Roger Jones
The former headquarters of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, designed in the art deco style by Marseille architect Gaston Castel and completed in 1928, stands at the corner of the Boulevard des Dames and the Quai de la Joliette (address 61 boulevard des Dames, Marseille 13002). A 1945 addition extended the building to the south along the Quai de la Joliette.
Situated next to the Port of Marseille, the area is now a part of the massive Euroméditerranée district, which since 1995 has transformed the city north of its Vieux Port. Beginning in 2015, the landmark building was incorporated into a massive redevelopment project now known as Le Castel Héritage.
Upon its completion, the journal La Construction Moderne of 15 September 1929 (p. 622, translation mine) described the building:
Standing for several months now on the Boulevard des Dames, at the angle of the Quai de la Joliette, is the new building of the Agence de la Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, conceived in a very particular manner by Gaston Castel, architect D.P.L.G and Prix de Rome. It’s a large building with white facades, blinding in the sunlight, flanked by a tower, which when I passed was awaiting its clock, and partly obscured by an exterior concrete stairway which rises to an elevated covered passage leading to the quai, with its rolling trains of merchandise, tramways, and cargo trucks.
The building also borders the quai, and faces its own hangars of the Compagnie Générale, rising between the public way and the Bassin de la Joliette….
The Compagnie Générale
Constructed in the "modern" style to serve the passengers and cargo of the Transatlantic Company, also known as the French Line, the building housed ticketing, cargo, and business offices.
Established in 1855 by the brothers Émile and Issac Péreire, the Compagnie Générale (CGT) was originally charged with transporting mails to North America. The company's first vessel, SS Washington, first sailed on 15 June 1864. The company would later gain fame in the 1910s and 1930s with its prestigious ocean liners such as SS Paris, SS Île de France, and especially SS Normandie.
CGT ocean liners were often symbolic works of art of their time, intended to represent an image of France abroad. The quality of services aboard, such as that of meals and wines, were renowned and attracted a wealthy clientele.
The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique became the Société Nationale Maritime Corse Méditerranée (SNCM) in 1976. The building was in use until 2012, when SNCM sold it to the Groupe Eiffage-Anf for €18 miliion.
Location of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (red), La Joliette, Marseille
Le Castel Héritage, Bd. des Dames and Quai de la Joliette (137)
Gaston Castel
The son of a masonry contractor, Gaston Castel was born on August 1, 1886. In 1907 he was the first student to pass the entrance examination for the new regional school of architecture in Marseille. From 1909 to 1913 he was a student at the National School of Fine Arts in Paris; he won the second Grand Prix de Rome in architecture in 1913.
Gaston Castel
In 1918 Castel was named Departmental Architect of the Bouches-du-Rhône, of which Marseille is the capital. He gained local fame through his rebuilding of the Marseille Opera House, which had been destroyed by fire, and his designs for local monuments. In 1924 (with a further addition in 1930) he designed his own residence/atelier in the art deco style, now known as the Maison Gaston Castel.
In the interwar period he often worked with his friend the sculptor Antoine Sartorio (1885-1988). Castel was a member of the Academy of Marseille. He was appointed Officer of the Legion of Honor in 1926 and Commander in 1932. From 1952 he was a professor at the School of Architecture in Marseille.
Following World War II, Castel designed several notable large residential buildings adjacent to the Vieux Port, in the area that had been leveled during the war. Castel died February 9, 1971, in Marseille.
Below are the scanned pages of La Construction Moderne, a weekly review of architecture, of 15 September 1929, which featured the Compagnie Générale. View a PDF version here:
Other Views:
Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, with passenger bridge and view of Quai de la Joliette, c. 1929-30
Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, corner of Rue Mazenod and Bd. des Dames
An additional view of the interior of the building, the First Class office. Source: https://tourisme-marseille.com/fiche/ancien-siege-de-la-sncm-le-castel-marseille/
Detail of stair railing, fabricated by Edgar Brandt
Mural: "Ligne Atlantique"
Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, general view, before redevelopment
Redevelopment
The original Castel building is now part of a large multi-use complex called Le Castel Héritage.
According to the article Le Castel Héritage, Ancien Siège de la SNCM, 1928 on the Tourisme-Marseille website:
The 4 existing facades of [the original Gaston Castel building ]have been renovated according to the methods and prescriptions of historical monuments. The parts of the project being reconstructed and raised will be clad in smooth materials ensuring the sober and lustrous appearance sought as a counterpoint to Gaston Castel's matte and mineral architecture of the historic Art Deco [block]. Part of an ambitious mixed real estate program bringing together offices, 4-star tourism residences and high-end shops, this prestigious residence offers a wide range of 112 new apartments from studios to 5-room apartments offering panoramic views of the bay of Marseille.” [English translation]
The Marseille architectural firm Poissonnier-Ferran was chosen to lead the restructuring operation. According to the website of the developer, some of the original interior spaces have been preserved. From the exterior views, however, the new construction almost overpowers the original corner building.
Sources / Links:
https://www.frenchlines.com/en/collections/photographs/
https://dossiersinventaire.maregionsud.fr/dossier/edifice-commercial-agence-portuaire-de-la-compagnie-generale-transatlantique/1e39fdcf-0dbe-41df-9fa2-6b743aa5ba85
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