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histoireettralala · 10 months

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Capétiens vs Plantagenêts: a matter of suzerainty.

It was also his position as suzerain which gave Louis VII the chance of interfering in and inflaming the quarrels which raged in the Angevin family. This was an effective means of weakening his great antagonist. Henry II and Eleanor produced a large family, and reared four of their sons to the age at which custom demanded that they should be provided for. Their eldest son Henry was granted Normandy in October 1160 and was associated with his father on the throne of England in 1170. Richard was given Aquitaine in 1169 and Geoffrey Brittany in 1175. John, the youngest child of Henry and Eleanor, was not old enough to be entrusted with any estates until the very last years of his father's reign, and by the time he came of age all the available lands had been given away. As Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitiers, the sons of Henry II came to perform homage to the King of France and became his men. It was in vain that Henry II sought to utilise the Norman procedure of pariage to maintain the unity of his continental territories in favour of his eldest son, the "Young King" Henry. (Under pariage the eldest son succeeded to all the heritable property and was alone answerable for it to the suzerain; each of his brothers received a share, but held it of him). This device could not be put into full operation in Aquitaine, which was not part of Henry's heritage but Eleanor's. And when she granted it to Richard, he owed homage not to his father or his eldest brother, but to the King of France. The Young King Henry had done homage as Duke of Normandy to Louis VII in October 1160. When he repeated his homage in 1170 it was made to embrace Anjou, Maine, and Brittany as well. At the same time Richard did homage to Louis for Aquitaine.

It is true that in 1174 Henry II compelled his sons to perform homage to him after their rebellion, but this new homage did not necessarily annul their homages to the King of France. Henry II himself had done homage to Louis VII in 1151 and again in 1169, and was to perform it yet again to Louis's successor, Philip Augustus, in 1180. Thus throughout the conflict between Louis VII and Henry II the French king's suzerainty was affirmed and recognised. This did not save Louis from defeats at his vassal's hands. Nevertheless, to judge from the Toulouse affair in 1159, Louis' suzerainty occasionally cramped Henry's style, and put him in the wrong in the eyes of contemporaries, including the barons of his continental fiefs. To play the rebel vassal was hardly prudent for a king when many of his own vassals were rebelliously inclined. It was not that the idea of rebellion itself shocked feudal society. On the contrary, it was one of the legitimate courses open to a vassal needing to safeguard his rights against the encroachments of his suzerain. But in the disputes between Louis VII and Henry II, Henry was the law-breaker as well as the vassal in revolt. For his rebelliousness against an impeccable suzerain there could be no justification.

It may be objected that Louis VII was constantly intriguing with Eleanor of Aquitaine and with Henry II's sons. But after all Eleanor, as Duchess of Aquitaine, was herself a royal vassal. Two of Henry's sons had done homage to Louis. Another, Geoffrey, by dint of his father's vassalage, was the French king's rear-vassal. And the king had, as suzerain, not merely the right but the duty to concern himself with the welfare and harmony of his great vassal's family, to ensure that a proper settlement was made on the sons. It would be unfair to accuse Louis of hypocrisy; nor did Henry ever complain that the French king was making trouble in his family. Louis' own grievances against Henry were many and varied, and Henry never made a serious effort to deny their validity.

Thus from 1154 to 1180 Henry II had the appearance of a vassal engaged in unjustifiable revolt against his suzerain. This line of conduct undermined his own position. It constantly reminded the baronage of the Angevin fiefs that the King of France was Henry's suzerain- if only because his suzerainty was so often invoked. And it helped to prevent the fusion of the individual elements of the Angevin empire on the continent. Provincial separation, already too strong for Angevin rule to subdue, was reinforced.

Robert Fawtier- The Capetian Kings of France

#xii #robert fawtier #the capetian kings of france #louis vii #henry ii of england #aliénor d'aquitaine #henry the young king #richard the lionheart #geoffrey plantagenêt #john lackland #jean sans terre

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ghoul-haunted · 1 year

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thinking about ascanio seducing convincing king louis xii to releasing him, and sealing the deal with some really fucking expensive jewelry, like the two of them went hunting together almost daily and king louis xii even wrote to the pope on ascanio's behalf to gain him re entry into the vatican

and like, immediately after ascanio went 'lmao bitch' and started forming a coalition to get the french out of milan

which led to king louis xii demanding ascanio return saying that he swore an oath of fealty and withheld all the incomes from ascanio's benefices, which led to della rovere getting involved

'ascanio never lost the habit of his visconti ancestors (re: conspiring)' consider instead everyone else was an idiot for forgetting that ascanio was from milan

#king louis xii: i cant believe this is happening #ascanio who was locked in a tower for 18 months as a prisoner: REALLY NOW

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thefreelancehistorywriter · 2 years

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The Remarkable Journal of Louise de Savoie ~ A guest post by Keira Morgan

Bemberg fondation Toulouse – Portrait de Louise de Savoie, mère de François Ier – École De Jean Clouet (1475;1485-1540) 22×17 Inv.1013 Keira is the writer of historical fiction based on the lives of French Renaissance Women. Volume 2 of her Chronicles of Valois series, “The Importance of Sons” has just been released. You can find her work at https://keiramorgan.com The Journal of Louise de…

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#Anne of Brittany #early modern history #François I #French history #Holy Roman Emperor Charles V #King of France #Louis XII #Louise of Savoy #Queen of France #Renaissance

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rhianna · 4 months

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Recherches dans les archives italiennes; Louis XII et Ludovic Sforza (8 avril 1498-23 juillet 1500)

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Cite thisExport citation fileMain AuthorPélissier, Léon-G.Language(s)French PublishedParis, A. Fontemoing, 1896-97. SubjectsLudovico Sforza, > Ludovico Sforza, / Duke of Milan, > Ludovico Sforza, / Duke of Milan, / 1452-1508 Louis > Louis / XII, > Louis / XII, / King of France, > Louis / XII, / King of France, / 1462-1515 Italy > Italy / History > Italy / History / 1492-1559. Milan (Italy) > Milan (Italy) / History. Physical Description2 v. 23 cm.

#ludovico sforza #Duke of milan #history #Louis xii #king of france #milan

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agarthanguide · 1 year

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There's something truly magical about late 19th century history paintings.

It's the last gasp of the French Academic style, but instead of lots of drapery and allegory, they are taking cues from the rising tide of archaeological research and forward-looking school of narrative illustration, which adds up to the first real attempts to depict the past as best they it could be imagined. These paintings have more in common with the old-(ish) National Geographic illustrations of life in ancient Knossos than they do with their contemporaries in the Pre-Raphaelite movement.

From top to bottom-

"Cardinal Richelieu at the Siege of La Rochelle," by Henri-Paul Motte (1881)- depicts the siege by the forces of Louis XIII of France, lead by Cardinal Richelieu, against the Huguenots in the port of La Rochelle, 1627-1628

"Bringing Home the Body of King Karl XII of Sweden," by Gustaf Cederstrom (1884)- depicts the route of the Swedish army following a failed invasion of Norway that ended with the death of King Karl XII, 1718

"Zenobia's Last Look on Palmyra," by Herbert Schmalz (1888)- depicts the Palmyrene Queen Septimia Zenobia in the moments before leaving her besieged capitol, having been captured by the forces of the Roman emperor Aureliuan, 272 AD

"Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed," by Ilya Repin (1880s)- depicts the supposedly historical story of the Cossacks sending an insulting reply to an ultimatum from the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed IV, 1676

"The Execution of Lady Jane Grey," by Paul Delaroche (1833)- depicts the execution of the teenaged Lady Jane Grey, who had been elevated to the throne of England and Ireland for (approx) nine days in July of 1553. Her execution was at the Tower of London in February, 1554

"The Cadaver Synod" by Jean-Paul Laurens (1870)- depicts the posthumous trial of Pope Formosus by his eventual successor Pope Stephen VI ten months after Formosus' death, 897

"Chlodobert's Last Moments" by Albert Maignan (1880)- depicts the death of the Merovingian Prince Chlodebert, son of Chilperic I, before the tomb of Saint Medard, where the prince had been brought in the hope of a miracle, 580

#art #art history #long post #19th century

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recycledmoviecostumes · 1 year

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This beautiful blue and gold costume first appeared in the French TV movie Louis XI, le pouvoir fracassé (Louis XI, Shattered Power) in 2011 on Bruno Debrandt as Louis d’Orléans (future Louis XII). Then it was seen in 2013 in The White Queen, on Joren Seldeslachts as Charles, Duke of Burgundy. It went on to be used in The Hollow Crown‘s second season in the Henry VI, Part 2. It was worn by Andrew Scott as the French king Louis XI.

Costume Credit: Lucia

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#Louis XI le pouvoir fracassé (Louis XI Shattered Power)#bruno debrandt #the white queen #joren seldeslachts #the hollow crown #andrew scott #costume drama #period drama

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lizzy-tudor · 6 months

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From Princess, to Queen, to Duchess

Mary Tudor (March, c. 1496; London, England - June, 1533; Suffolk, England) was an English princess, the third wife of King Louis XII of France and one of the two sisters of King Henry VIII. Mary was also the grandmother of Lady Jane Grey, who would become titular queen of England for nine days in 1553.

Mary’s father, King Henry VII, betrothed her to Archduke Charles —later Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V — in 1507. In 1514, however, political tribulations caused King Henry VIII to renounce such engagement and arrange a match between his beautiful, charming and yound sister and Louis XII, the sick and french monarch of 52. Since Mary was already in love with Charles Brandon, the first Duke of Suffolk, she made Henry promise that after Louis died she would be allowed to choose her next husband.

The marriage with the french king took place on Octouber of 1514, and Mary performed her role as wife and royal consort with kindness and dedication until he died on January of the following year. Before Henry or the new King of France, Francis I, could use her as a pawn in another political arrangement, Mary secretly wed Suffolk in Paris, probably in late February. Henry VIII was infuriated at the news, but eventually the pair regained the king’s favour, with Suffolk paying him a large sum of money and perhaps with the help and intercession of Cardinal Wolsey.Mary and Charles had four children, two daughters and two sons: ⇒ Henry Brandon (11 March 1516 – 1522); ⇒ Lady Frances Brandon (16 July 1517 – 20 November 1559), married to Henry Grey, 3rd Marquess of Dorset, and mother to Lady Jane Grey; ⇒ Lady Eleanor Brandon (1519 – 27 September 1547), married to Henry Clifford, 2nd Earl of Cumberland; ⇒ Henry Brandon, 1st Earl of Lincoln (c. 1523 – March 1534).

Mary had enjoyed unprecedented freedom during her teenage years at her brother's court. Just fourteen when her father, Henry VII died, she spent the next five years almost completely unchaperoned, encouraged to participate in every event, celebration and feast, each planned to display the opulence of the english royal family. She shared Henry's exuberance for spectacle and, for some time, was one of the central ladies of the court, admired and sociable. Like him, she loved dancing, masques, and parties; they were also very close, with the princess being the apple of the king's eye. It's rumored that Henry's famous warship, the Mary Rose, was named after both his favorite sister and his only daughter with Catherine of Aragon.

Upon her arrival in France, Mary was proclamed, by the Venetian Ambassador, to be "handsome and well favoured, grey-eyed; slight, rather than defective from corpulence, and conducts herself with so much grace, and has such good manners, that for her age of 18 years—and she does not look more—she is a paradise." She was particularly admired by her contemporaries for her long red hair, which she had inherited from the Plantagenet lineage through her mother, Elizabeth of York, who had also been an celebrated beauty.

After her second marriage, the Duchess of Suffolk lived a quiet life in the country, retired from court, although she had been know to have attended the famous Field of the Cloth of Gold at Guines, near Calais, in 1520. Often referred to as the French Queen, she was known to dislike Anne Boleyn and in defiance of her brother was to prove a firm supporter of her sister-in-law, Catherine of Aragon, in the matter of Henry VIII's annulment of his marriage to his first wife.

Mary visited London for the last time to celebrate the wedding of her eldest daughter, Lady Frances Brandon, to Henry Grey, Marquess of Dorset, in 1533. After suffering failing health for some years, Mary Tudor died on 25 June 1533 at the age of thirty-eight at Westhorpe Hall, Westhorpe, Suffolk, possibly of cancer. Henry VIII had requiem masses sung at Westminster Abbey for the repose of her soul and she was given a magnificent funeral, which her husband did not attend. Her body was interred at the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. The Duke of Suffolk quickly remarried again, in that same year, to his fourteen-year-old ward, Katherine Willoughby (1519–1580), suo jure Baroness Willoughby de Eresby. Katherine had been betrothed to his eldest surviving son, Henry, Earl of Lincoln, but the boy was too young to marry, and Charles, to eager to add the heiress fourtune to his own.

#tudor dynasty #tudor queens #tudor history #tudor era #tudorqueens #the tudors #mary tudor #henry viii #elizabeth of york #charles brandon #tudor england #tudor period #tudor women #english royalty #house of tudor #medieval england #english history

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palecleverdoll · 6 months

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Wives and Daughters of Holy Roman Emperors: Age at First Marriage

I have only included women whose birth dates and dates of marriage are known within at least 1-2 years, therefore, this is not a comprehensive list.

This list does not include women who died before their husbands were crowned Emperor. It spans between the beginning of the reign of Otto I (962 CE) and the end of the reign of Francis II (1806 CE).

The average age at first marriage among these women was 17. The sample size was 91 women. The youngest bride, Bianca Maria Sforza, was just 2 years old when she wed her first husband, who was himself 9. The oldest bride, Constance of Sicily, was 32 years old.

Adelaide of Italy, wife of Otto I, HRE: age 15 when she married Lothair II, King of Italy, in 947 CE

Liutgarde of Saxony, daughter of Otto I, HRE: age 15 when she married Conrad the Red, Duke of Lorraine, in 947 CE

Theophanu, wife of Otto II, HRE: age 17 when she married Otto in 972 CE

Cunigunde of Luxembourg, wife of Henry II, HRE: age 24 when she married Henry in 999 CE

Gisela of Swabia, wife of Conrad II, HRE: age 12 when she married Brun I of Brunswick in 1002 CE

Agnes of Poitou, wife of Henry III, HRE: age 18 when she married Henry in 1043 CE

Matilda of Germany, daughter of Henry III, HRE: age 11 when she married Rudolf of Rheinfelden in 1059 CE

Judith of Swabia, daughter of Henry III, HRE: age 9 when she married Solomon, King of Hungary in 1063 CE

Bertha of Savoy, wife of Henry IV, HRE: age 15 when she married Henry in 1066 CE

Agnes of Waiblingen, daughter of Henry IV, HRE: age 14 when she married Frederick I, Duke of Swabia in 1086 CE

Empress Matilda, wife of Henry V, HRE: age 12 when she married Henry in 1114 CE

Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy, wife of Frederick I, HRE: age 13 when she married Frederick in 1156 CE

Beatrice, daughter of Frederick I, HRE: age 10 when she married Guillaume II, Count of Chalon in 1173 CE

Constance, Queen of Sicily, wife of Henry IV, HRE: age 32 when she married Henry IV in 1186 CE

Beatrice of Swabia, first wife of Otto IV, HRE: age 14 when she married Otto in 1212 CE

Maria of Brabant, second wife of Otto IV, HRE: age 24 when she married Otto in 1214 CE

Constance of Aragon, first wife of Frederick II, HRE: age 19 when she married Emeric of Hungary in 1198 CE

Isabella II of Jerusalem, second wife of Frederick II, HRE: age 13 when she married Frederick in 1225 CE

Isabella of England, third wife of Frederick II, HRE: age 21 when she married Frederick in 1235 CE

Margaret of Sicily, daughter of Frederick II, HRE: age 14 when she married Albert II, Margrave of Meissen in 1255 CE

Anna of Hohenstaufen, daughter of Frederick II, HRE: age 14 when she married John III Doukas Vatatzes in 1244 CE

Marie of Luxembourg, daughter of Henry VII, HRE: age 18 when she married Charles IV of France in 1322 CE

Beatrice of Luxembourg, daughter of Henry VII, HRE: age 13 when she married Charles I of Hungary in 1318 CE

Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut, wife of Louis IV, HRE: age 13 when she married Louis in 1324 CE

Matilda of Bavaria, daughter of Louis IV, HRE: age 10 when she married Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen in 1323 CE

Beatrice of Bavaria, daughter of Louis IV, HRE: age 12 when she married Eric XII of Sweden in 1356 CE

Anna von Schweidnitz, wife of Charles IV, HRE: age 14 when she married Charles in 1353 CE

Elizabeth of Pomerania, wife of Charles IV, HRE: age 16 when she married Charles in 1378 CE

Margaret of Bohemia, daughter of Charles IV, HRE: age 7 when she married Louis I of Hungary in 1342 CE

Catherine of Bohemia, daughter of Charles IV, HRE: age 14 when she married Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria in 1356 CE

Elisabeth of Bohemia, daughter of Charles IV, HRE: age 8 when she married Albert III, Duke of Austria in 1366 CE

Anne of Bohemia, daughter of Charles IV, HRE: age 16 when she married Richard II of England in 1382 CE

Margaret of Bohemia, daughter of Charles IV, HRE: age 8 when she married John III, Burgrave of Nuremburg in 1381 CE

Barbara of Cilli, wife of Sigismund, HRE: age 13 when she married Sigismund in 1405 CE

Elizabeth of Luxembourg, daughter of Sigismund, HRE: age 13 when she married Albert II of Germany in 1422 CE

Eleanor of Portugal, wife of Frederick III, HRE: age 18 when she married Frederick in 1452 CE

Kunigunde of Austria, daughter of Frederick III, HRE: age 22 when she married Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria in 1487 CE

Bianca Maria Sforza, wife of Maximilian I, HRE: age 2 when she married Philibert I, Duke of Savoy in 1474 CE

Margaret of Austria, daughter of Maximilian I, HRE: age 17 when she married John, Prince of Asturias in 1497 CE

Barbara von Rattal, daughter of Maximilian I, HRE: age 15 when she married Siegmund von Dietrichstein in 1515 CE

Dorothea of Austria, daughter of Maximilian I, HRE: age 22 when she married Johan I of East Frisia in 1538 CE

Isabella of Portugal, wife of Charles V, HRE: age 23 when she married Charles in 1526 CE

Maria of Austria, daughter of Charles V, HRE: age 20 when she married Maximilian II, HRE in 1548 CE

Joanna of Austria, daughter of Charles V, HRE: age 17 when she married John Manuel, Prince of Portugal in 1552 CE

Margaret of Parma, daughter of Charles V, HRE: age 14 when she married Alessandro de’ Medici, Duke of Florence, in 1536 CE

Elizabeth of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I, HRE: age 16 when she married Sigismund II Augustus of Poland in 1543 CE

Anna of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I, HRE: age 17 when she married Albert V, Duke of Bavaria in 1546 CE

Maria of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I, HRE: age 15 when she married William of Julich-Cleves-Berg in 1546 CE

Catherine of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I, HRE: age 16 when she married Francesco III Gonzaga in 1559 CE

Eleanor of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I, HRE: age 27 when she married William I, Duke of Mantua in 1561 CE

Barbara of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I, HRE: age 26 when she married Alfonso II d’Este in 1565 CE

Joanna of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand I, HRE: age 18 when she married Francesco I de’ Medici in 1565 CE

Anna of Austria, daughter of Maximilian II, HRE: age 21 when she married Philip II of Spain in 1570 CE

Elisabeth of Austria, daughter of Maximilian II, HRE: age 16 when she married Charles IX of France in 1570 CE

Anna of Tyrol, wife of Matthias, HRE: age 26 when she married Matthias in 1611 CE

Eleonora Gonzaga the Elder, wife of Ferdinand II, HRE: age 24 when she married Ferdinand in 1622 CE

Maria Anna of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand II, HRE: age 25 when she married Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria in 1635 CE

Cecilia Renata of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand II, HRE: age 26 when she married Władysław IV of Poland in 1637 CE

Maria Anna of Spain, wife of Ferdinand III, HRE: age 25 when she married Ferdinand in 1631 CE

Maria Leopoldine of Austria, wife of Ferdinand III, HRE: age 16 when she married Ferdinand in 1648 CE

Eleonora Gonzaga the Younger, wife of Ferdinand III, HRE: age 21 when she married Ferdinand in 1651 CE

Mariana of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand III, HRE: age 15 when she married Philip IV of Spain in 1649 CE

Eleonore of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand III, HRE: age 17 when she married Michael I of Poland in 1670 CE

Maria Anna Josepha of Austria, daughter of Ferdinand III, HRE: age 24 when she married Johann Wilhelm II, Elector Palatine in 1678 CE

Margaret Theresa of Spain, wife of Leopold I, HRE: age 15 when she married Leopold in 1666 CE

Claudia Felicitas of Spain, wife of Leopold I, HRE: age 20 when she married Leopold in 1673 CE

Eleonore Magdalene of Neuberg, wife of Leopold I, HRE: age 21 when she married Leopold in 1676 CE

Maria Antonia of Austria, daughter of Leopold I, HRE: age 16 when she married Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria in 1685 CE

Maria Anna of Austria, daughter of Leopold I, HRE: age 25 when she married John V of Portugal in 1708 CE

Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick, wife of Joseph I, HRE: age 26 when she married Joseph in 1699 CE

Maria Josepha of Austria, daughter of Joseph I, HRE: age 20 when she married Augustus III of Poland in 1719 CE

Maria Amalia of Austria, daughter of Joseph I, HRE: age 21 when she married Charles VII, HRE in 1722 CE

Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick, wife of Charles VI, HRE: age 17 when she married Charles in 1708 CE

Maria Theresa of Austria, daughter of Charles VI, HRE: age 19 when she married Francis I, HRE in 1736 CE

Maria Anna of Austria, daughter of Charles VI, HRE: age 26 when she married Charles Alexander of Lorraine in 1744 CE

Maria Antonia of Bavaria, daughter of Charles VII, HRE: age 23 when she married Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony in 1747 CE

Maria Anna Josepha of Bavaria, daughter of Charles VII, HRE: age 20 when she married Louis George of Baden-Baden in 1755 CE

Maria Josepha of Bavaria, daughter of Charles VII, HRE: age 26 when she married Joseph II, HRE in 1765 CE

Maria Christina, daughter of Francis I, HRE: age 24 when she married Albert Casimir, Duke of Teschen in 1766 CE

Maria Amalia, daughter of Francis I, HRE: age 23 when she married Ferdinand I, Duke of Parma in 1769 CE

Maria Carolina, daughter of Francis I, HRE: age 16 when she married Ferdinand IV & III of Sicily in 1768 CE

Maria Antonia, daughter of Francis I, HRE: age 14 when she married Louis XVI of France in 1770 CE

Maria Josepha of Bavaria, wife of Joseph II, HRE: age 26 when she married Joseph in 1765 CE

Maria Luisa of Spain, wife of Leopold II, HRE: age 19 when she married Leopold in 1764 CE

Maria Theresa of Austria, daughter of Leopold II, HRE: age 20 when she married Anthony of Saxony in 1787 CE

Maria Clementina of Austria, daughter of Leopold II, HRE: age 20 when she married Francis I of Sicily in 1797 CE

Maria Theresa of Naples, wife of Francis II, HRE: age 18 when she married Francis in 1790 CE

Marie Louise, daughter of Francis II, HRE: age 19 when she married Napoleon I of France in 1810 CE

Maria Leopoldina, daughter of Francis II, HRE: age 20 when she married Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal in 1817 CE

Clementina, daughter of Francis II, HRE: age 18 when she married Leopold of Salerno in 1816 CE Marie Caroline, daughter of Francis II, HRE: age 18 when she married Frederick Augustus of Saxony in 1819 CE

#holy roman empire #history #medieval #early modern

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moriartyluver · 10 months

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FALSE LOVERS CHAPTER XII

“WERE FINALLY HERE, EH?” said colonel Moran

(Name), Josephine, Louis, William, Moran and Fred were all at King’s Cross Station in London after taking the train from Durham.

Earlier, (name) and William had both been informed of a royal scientific society conference in London and were invited by Albert. Unknown to (name), there were ulterior motives for this.

Recently she had been juggling various different responsibilities. First, she had her own little scheme organised, for her personal motivations. Second, she had to act as William’s loving wife in public which was a lot more difficult than it should be recently. And along with all that, she had to help her uncle manage his marquisate, she had been working and taking direct orders from both (home country) and her parents, the Grand Duke and Duchess. And finally, she was struggling with the issue of providing an heir. (Name) would need to find some way to explain her lack of offspring whilst maintaining her image and facade.

The recent illness of her father had alarmed her even if he was in better health now. If anything would cause (name) to need to inherit her father’s title, she would need to return to (home country) and force William along with her then produce an heir immediately to secure her position. That wasn’t exactly something that appealed to her.

Going to this conference would be a temporary break from all these responsibilities and all the stress she was under recently, and she would have been grateful for that if she actually went to the conference. Unfortunately her plans didn’t unfold as she wished.

"Are you sure you're alright, Mr Moran?" William asked with concern to the former soldier "You did drink through the entire trip.."

"Really? I though he naturally just acted like a drunkard?" Josephine remarked. (Name) bit the inside of her cheek to prevent her from laughing too hard. She had certainly been taking after her mistress.

"Oi! Watch it, brat!" Moran yelled at the brunette who stuck her tongue out at him and went away with Fred "If I'm gonna be working with Albert, I'm gonna need some alcohol in my system."

"You must have a good relationship with Brother Albert, Mr Moran." Louis said bluntly, his expression remaining neutral

"Me?! And that fucking loser?!" Moran exclaimed, vein popping out from his forehead. "In your dreams!!"

The other began walking away to get a cab, Louis smiling with William and his sister in law who was latched to his arm with a smile, clearly excited about the trip. "Shall we take a cab to the university?" Louis asked

"Of course"

Louis walked to the side, leaving (name) and William alone as Moran walked off and Fred and Josephine seemed to have disappeared together. "I will hail a carriage for us."

"Thank you ,Louis." William turned to his wife "Would you like to go get something to eat, my love? You hadn't eaten during the train ride, you must be hungry."

"I'm fine.." (name) trailed off. The way things were playing out currently, it seemed like william wasn't asking her but rather commanding her. She had no knowledge of any plans for the day but her intuition had told her to stay by William and yet.. "There was this one stall I saw earlier.."

She had left William all by himself, and she hadn’t the faintest clue why she did it.

The rhythmic clip-clip of horse drawn carriages echoing against the cobbled streets were interrupted by a short man approaching the professor "Mister Moriarty?" A voice called out to William who turned around to see a man holding a photograph of him along with two taller men behind him.

"Yes?" He responded "How may I help you?"

The man smirked and spoke to the men behind him. "This is the bloke, boys."

"Huh..?" William muttered in confusion, unaware of the two men stood behind him. Within seconds they had him shoved into a carriage and locked in there.

Louis turned around and called out for his brother who was "William?!" People around him had started turning to see the carriage which was now being shut with William inside.

(Name) flipped her head around so fast ,she should have had whiplash. Her eyes widened when she realised her husband was nowhere to be found. She rushed towards Louis in confusion mixed with panic.

"Louis, where's William?" She asked, trying to remain calm as she placed a hand on his shoulder. Something had seemed off earlier but the current situation had changed so drastically that now she only had William on her mind.

Louis looked over to the carriage that was leaving now "That carriage..!! Someone..someone stop it!!"

(Name) turned to face the same direction to see the carriage now speeding away. Someone had barged past her and Louis, causing the male to fall to the ground. As (name) was helping him up, the carriage with William inside had manage to leave right as they were to chase after it.

A drunken Moran went over to the two after hearing all the commotion. "Louis, (name), what happened?!"

"My brother...William's been kidnapped!" He exclaimed. A crowd of people had begun surrounding the three upon hearing a nobleman had been kidnapped.

Moran looked at Louis with a surprised expression "What?! Kidnapped?!" He yelled"But who would..?"

(Name) tried to regain her composure, trying to understand who could have possibly kidnapped William, whether he had a plan or not and why everything had felt so staged.

"Louis, did you see their faces? Was there anything unique about the carriage?-" (name) asked. She had caught a glimpse of it herself but Louis was the primary witness, so if anyone would know, he would.

"What's this?" A man asked from behind them

"Sounds like someone just got taken..sounds like it was a noble.." another replied

"Well this is some news.."

"What?! William's been kidnapped?!"

Later that day, Louis and (name) had went to Albert to inform him of the incident in the military headquarters.

Her response sounded so familiar, as if she had said it before "I was right there..I should've never left him alone.." (name) muttered to herself. The events that had played out had seemed so oddly familiar, but surely if this was one of William's plans, she would have known. He would have told her. The deja vu seemed to be evident. There was something she had once seen, long ago in the past which was almost identical to what happened to William.

It was terrifying.

"I'm sorry..it happened when we weren't with him.." Louis said, his face evidently nervous.

"Don't be..Louis, (name), it brings me comfort that you're both safe." Albert said as he placed his hands on both of their shoulders.

"That's doesn't matter! What if something happened to William?!" Louis panicked. The sinking feeling in (name)'s stomach grew worse. She kept her eyes glued to the floor, avoiding the knowing glances of a few of the higher ups in the military.

Albert gave his brother a determined smile "Be calm, Louis. You're standing in the headquarters of Englands proud armed forces." He placed a hand to his chest "I shall not let any harm befall my dear brother. If we cannot protect one of her majesty's subjects, how can we call ourselves the pride of this empire!?"

Upon hearing a mention of the empire, (name)'s mood had worsened. She didn't need another reminder of how hopeless she felt.

"Most right!"

"You can count on us sir! We shall save your brother without fail!!"

As Louis and (name) were returning to the manor, she had noticed the absence of a certain colonel. Louis had muttered something earlier about Fred and Josephine being stationed where they were meant to be, which certainly confused the noble lady. Everything about this kidnapping seemed so suspicious but because of her unstable mental state, she couldn't bring herself to organise her thoughts.

She had an idea.

"Louis," she called out to the man who was sat opposite her "William had changed the plan last minute. I shall be going with Moran." (Name) lied

Louis hadn't seen through her and nodded. If it were William's commands, he had no reason to protest. (Name) was surprised and left the carriage quickly. She had already had an idea of where william was based on pure observation, if she found a horse to take, she would be there in no time.

After some time riding by horseback, (name) eventually arrived at the location. An influential Lord's castle or rather opium trade headquarters had already been broken into by the military, who she had assumed were lead by Albert. She put on her cloak over her more suitable fighting attire — which she had changed into earlier — and spotted a familiar boy and girl outside of the windows on a tree, looking inside. It was the only room that had any sort of light illuminating it and she could see her husbands shadow within it.

All of a sudden, an eruption of gunshots began flooding through the building. One of the windows had been shot open and the glass had shattered, allowing (name) an easy method of entrance. Once she had slid through, she spotted Moran running up the stairs and shooting at various people.

A man behind the colonel had aimed a gun at him was about to shoot until he himself was shot by none other than Lady (name). Moran turned around to face her.

"(Name)? William didn't say you would be here..?" He muttered, confused

"There was a change of plan before he was kidnapped." She said, confirming her theory that this was all a scheme of her husbands that he hadn't told her. How insulting, she thought.

Another man was down and stabbed. The two turned around to see Albert wiping the blood off a knife with a smile. "Evening, Colonel Moran, saved by a hair's breadth wouldn't you say? " He turned to look at (name) "(name)..?This is unexpected.."

"Sod off albert..I could've handled that." He frowned, eyebrows furrowing in annoyance. "She said William changed his mind last minute." Moran explained.

It was convincing enough. The only two people to ever know the full plans for most of the Lord of crimes schemes would be William and (name), which was even more of a reason for her to feel offended that William hadn't even bothered to let her know he was being kidnapped. She was terribly worried, after all.

"This is quite the situation we're having," Albert said in mock surprise "We're here to rescue my brother from these ghastly kidnappers..nothing more..nothing less."

(Name) looked around at the dead bodies surrounding her. She felt sick. That unsettling feeling was back.

"By some coincidence we have discovered not only that these kidnappers belonged to an opium distribution ring," Albert continued "But they were also storing a massive amount of new opium and gold in this very mansion..how shall I report this to my superiors..?"

Moran rolled his eyes "You're a terrible actor."

As the search continued, they finally found the room with William inside. Sebastian had burst through the locked door with ease with (name) following behind, much to William's surprise.

"William!" They both called out simultaneously. (Name) saw William approach the two with a weapon in his hand and a body falling behind him.

"You're just fine, eh?" Moran said as he gave the body a shoot in the skull, just to be sure.

William nodded, stealing a glance at (name) who seemed both irritated and worried at the same time. "Quite." He said as he flicked the blood off of the poker.

(Name) gave the body a kick then went over to her husband, wrapping her arms around him as she rested her head against his shoulder. "Idiot.." she whispered

Once they had returned back to the London Manor, William had found (name) in his office after he had cleaned up. She was looking through various papers she had found, all about his plans and research into the opium dealers.

"You seem to like my office quite a lot.." He smiled at her lightheartedly before realising what was in her hands and her serious expression looking down at it with the utmost disgust.

She slammed the papers onto the desk.

"It was all planned." She whispered, her face out of view from William. He had an idea of what she had meant but the surprise had overtaken him.

William looked at her confused and raised a brow. "What..?"

"It was all planned" she repeated, directing a piercing glare at him. If looks really could kill, William would already have been killed at least a hundred times now and would have been practically king of the underworld

As he approached the desk ,William's scarlet eyes widened. He could only whisper her name, the gentle sound lingering on his lips. "(Name).."

"(Name) what..? (Name), I don't trust you enough to tell you my plans? (Name), I don't deem you intelligent enough to help me.!?(Name), I don't care if you were worried about me?!" She mocked, her voice gradually raising at him with each sentence as she leaned forwards

There was silence for a minute, the only sound was the echo of (name)’s heels as she paced around the room, choosing her words carefully.

“You planned your own fucking kidnapping and you didn’t even bother telling me?!” She yelled in exasperation “Go on Mr Crime Consultant, explain yourself. Explain what was so important you couldn’t even tell your wife!”

“(Name), please calm down,” William pleaded as she had her back turned to him “Everyone is sleeping-“

“You dare tell me to calm down?! I have every right to be angry, you idiot!” She turned around and walked towards the man, who was stood leaning against the desk, as she spoke “I receive an invitation from my brother in law to join him in a conference, possibly regarding a thesis my husband wrote which I’d be glad to support him for. I’m excited and ecstatic to go, perhaps because it’s my first time being able to relax and have fun in countless years and then once I arrive at the train station, my husband gets kidnapped by some damn opium distributors!!”

As she spoke, her voice had grown cracked and weary. It was evident she was upset and she thought she had every right to be. Her eyelashes had sparkles in the candlelight, covered in tiny teardrops which would grow each time she’d rub at her eyes in an effort to conceal her feelings.

She continued as she leaned closer to the professor, who looked incredibly guilty and apologetic. “ I understand we aren’t meant to see each other in a positive manner, and I understand that you dislike me as much as I dislike you and we may have been rivals as students, but we’re still partners. We’re meant to work together!”

“ We do work together, (name) ” William said, as he leaned further against his desk. “I hadn’t informed you because-“

(Name placed her hands on the desk either side of William, pinning him against it as he remained stood, his back slightly arched while his wife leaned closer.

“Enough of the damn excuses, William.” (Name) said. Her voice had grown quieter as she spoke, only but a few centimetres away from his face and their bodies pressed against each other. “Even if we aren’t actually in love, we still must tell each other these things. I am your wife and you, my husband.”

The two were trying to catch their breath from arguing, soft pants filling the room before William spoke between the breathy whispers and puffs of air

“Say that again.” William whispered back, his voice had an air of seduction laced through it, his breath tickled his wife’s face. She leaned closer and repeated herself.

“I..am your wife and you..” They were barely a hair’s width apart now, their lips practically brushing against each other’s “..are my husband.”

The door swung open.

“What’s all the noise about..I’m trying to get some rest..Oops-“ A familiar gruff voice called out as (name) and William turned to face the colonel at the door frame “Seems I’ve interrupted something.”

(Name) moved away from her flustered husband who coughed as he tried to cover his embarrassment.

“Don’t stop on my behalf..!” The room was dark and only his silhouette was visible but (name) could sense Moran’s shit eating grin. “Just keep it down..You kids are young so you have no experience in s-“

“Ahem.” William coughed again to shut the man up.

(Name) left and brushed past moran with no apology or ‘excuse me’. “No.. I was just leaving. Goodnight.”

Moran turned to watch (name) who now had her back turned to both of them and was leaving to her bedroom which was only the room beside his.

“What’s her deal?”

For the next hour or so, William had sat at his desk, smoking cigarettes as he contemplated how to make it up to (name), wondering how she was feeling and if she even wanted to see him.

The little ashtray by his arm was filled with cigarette butts this point. He exhaled once more then pressed the little burning end against the tray, leaving it with the others.

Taking the candle on his desk with a pale hand, he slowly creaked the door open and began walking towards his wife’s room. William leaned against the door, pressing his ear to it. She was still awake.

The door creaked open and William’s eyes landed on (name), who was crouched on her bed in her nightgown, sat beneath the covers. Her arms and head were rested against her knees. She didn’t lift her head up when she heard William enter.

“This room’s a lot more familiar to you than the one in Durham…” he said as he placed the candle down on a dresser, approaching his wife at her bedside. She remained silent and averted her gaze. “My Angel, are you ignoring me?”

She said nothing.

“I really am sorry,” William said as he sat on the side of the bed and tried to take her hand in his. She slapped him away and finally spoke up.

“Who the fuck said you were allowed in my room, you piece of shit?” She had said the last insult in (native language), so William hadn’t understood what she had meant, but the amount of times she had used it when angry was very telling.

“Im here to apologise.” He said. “I didn’t want to cause you any further stress, that’s why I didn’t tell you, which was wrong of me, I’m sorry. I won’t do it again.”

“Wouldn’t seeing you get kidnapped stress me out even more?..nevermind..” She lifted her head up, rubbing her eyes with her sleeve before glaring at him “what are you apologising for?”

William placed a hand on her thigh after she brought them down and remained seated as normal. “For breaking your trust, for making you upset, for worrying you, for everything.” He said in a sincere tone “I’d do anything, absolutely anything, to have you forgive me, or at least look at me without resent- no..even look at me resentfully. Anything, as long as it’s from you. I’ll do whatever I can and more to make you happy.”

“Anything?”

He stood up from the bed and kneeled down at the side as (name) brought her legs over to the side of the bed and sat with her legs dangling from it. As he kneeled down, he repeated what he had said “Anything for you to forgive me. If that means slapping me across the face or punching me in the nose, I’ll gladly take it.”

She placed her hand on his head as he expected her to fulfil his request but instead resorted to running her fingers through his soft blond hair as he kept his head down. She took her other hand and placed it under his chin so he was now facing her.

“Promise me you won’t do that again,” she said “also, I’d like to be able to help you plan the next mission instead of giving occasional advice…oh and stand up.”

He seemed slightly surprised but obeyed. She wrapped her arms around him again, causing him to fall onto her bed as she clinged onto him.

“Promise?”

“promise.”

A/N: so sorry about Moran cockblocking he is not sorry (at least he can sleep ig) anyways I wonder why fl kept getting deja vu 🤔 also I love how liam apologised instead of arguing back and saying anything mean. Good men know their place and it is beneath women. He was so down bad this chapter. He wanted to get slapped and punched and shut and then got on his knees and was like I’ll do anything for you to forgive me 😍

#moriarty the patriot #william james moriarty #william moriarty #william moriarty x reader #mtp william #yuukoku no moriarty #yuukoku no moriarty x reader #moriarty the patriot x reader #yuumori x reader #—false lovers 💋

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royaltysimblr · 1 year

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eusalia retcon!!

eusalia is the continent in my Sophie of Rostock story which will be resuming soon! it is HEAVILY inspired by early nineteenth century europe!! I did make a map when I first started the story but now I really hate it and wanted to revamp it and add more detail. anyway so in the continent there are two distinct regions which are heavily divided, germania and vista. this is the map as of 1809 (when the story starts)

the germanic empire (heavily inspired by the Holy Roman Empire) is purely ceremonial and has no real power, each principality governs itself with the emperor elected by twelve electors as a mere figurehead. the emperor of germania has for the past 400 years been from the house of Augustinia who hold lands all across the continent. the augustinian family also controls chambery, which was acquired in 1695 after the 3rd Calais-Augustinia War. the germanic empire includes two kingdoms, the kingdom of weimar & the kingdom of wardenburg. previously the kingdom of tyrol which is controlled by the Augustinians was considered a part of the empire but the Augustinians formally removed it from the empire’s designated territories and made it a personal possession. the archduchy of graz & the kingdom of augustinia are also part of the augustinian domains. Charleroi was also a part of the Augustinian Domains until 1735. in germania for the past fifty years there has been a constant rivalry between the kingdom of wardenburg and the augustinians who try and influence all of the other states of the empire.

meanwhile in vista there are a plethora of different independent states. btw in this map of vista I made a mistake, Aosta is a KINGDOM not a duchy anymore. so Aosta & Salerno are the biggest powers in this region along with the Patriarch who is the religious religious leader of the Jacobans who also rules the Holy Lands. The Royal House of Aosta is the longest ruling one in Vista, holding the duchy of Aosta since 1104, it was elevated to a kingdom in 1805.

in general windenburg, calais, augustinia, wardenburg, and beloshov are the great powers in the continent. beloshov has only recently advanced under the reign of their current monarch, the empress elizabeth and has been considered a great power following their many wars with the hafsah caliphate. from 1790-195, beloshov fought in the stravian wars of liberation, resulting in tetovo, tirana, and athenia gaining their independence from the hafsah caliphate.

currently there is one major war raging through the continent, the war of calais succession. in 1784 the House of Everaux was dethroned in a bloody revolution resulting in the execution of several members of the government. in 1787 the House of Montpellier, a cadet branch of the House of Everaux, were put on the throne as the Duke of Montpellier was seen as a liberal. However in 1805 he was dethroned as well whereupon a revolutionary chaotic government led by radicals reeked havoc upon the continent, invading Charleroi and northern Almeria. In 1808 the radical government was disbanded and Calais was invaded by the allied forces including Windenburg, Beloshov, Wardenburg, and Frisia. However a conflict erupted when the allied powers had a disagreement upon which family should rule Calais now, the Everaux or the Montpellier family. Beloshov, Windenburg, Almeria, Salerno, and Capua all support the Everaux family taking the throne. Meanwhile the House of Montpellier is supported by Wardenburg, Charleroi, Augustinia, Aosta, and Frisia. This has caused a war which has spiraled throughout the continent, however the claimant from the house of Everaux, Prince Louis Ferdinand (Louis XII), landed in Calais with an army of 30,000 and has taken the capital, Magnolia with support of Windenburgian troops.

another current thing going is that in vasa, prince karl (second son to the king) has plotted a coup against his brother and father with the help of beloshov and other conservatives in vasa because they do not support his liberal policies + beloshov just wants to cause chaos in vasa because they to expand their borders toward vasa (beloshov owns the grand duchy of alstein). but with sophie’s potential marriage beloshov will stop supporting the everaux in the war of calais succession & they will stop supporting the coup against the king of vasa who is her mom’s cousin! anyway this was a LOT and probably very complicated. my story will be returning soon hopefully!

#SophieOfRostock #SOR #worldbuilding #sims4 #ts4 #ts4 storytelling #royals #royalty #sims 4 royal story #story #ts4 story #map #sims 4 map

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scotianostra · 5 months

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November 28th 1489 saw the birth of Margaret Tudor, the sister of Henry VIII of England.

Maybe Margaret was destined to be Queen of Scotland, she was baptised on November 30th 1489, St Andrews day.

From an early age, Margaret was part of Henry VII’s negotiations for important marriages for his children and her betrothal to James IV of Scotland was made official by a treaty in 1502 even though discussions had been underway since 1496. Part of the delay was the wait for a papal dispensation because James’ great-grandmother was Joan Beaufort, sister of John Beaufort, who was the great-grandfather of Margaret Tudor. That made James IV and Margaret Tudor fourth cousins, which was within the prohibited degree. Patrick Hepburn, the Earl of Bothwell, acted as a proxy for James IV of Scotland for his betrothal to Margaret Tudor at Richmond in January 1502 before the couple was married in person in August 1503.

The Tudor writer Richard Grafton escorted Margaret to Scotland and it’s seems he wasn’t too taken with us, he later wrote….“Then this lady was taken to the town of Edinburgh, and there the day after King James IV in the presence of all his nobility married the said princess, and feasted the English lords, and showed them jousts and other pastimes, very honourably, after the fashion of this rude country. When all things were done and finished according to their commission the earl of Surrey with all the English lords and ladies returned to their country, giving more praise to the manhood than to the good manner and nature of Scotland.”

It’s amazing we survived as a race, let alone as Scots, given the mortality rate, even in cases where the mothers well better off, as in Margaret’s case, she had a horrible time trying to provide James IV with an heir. Her first pregnancy was in 1506 and she gave birth to a son, James, in February 1507 who lived about a year. Margaret next gave birth to a daughter in July 1508 who only survived for a few hours. In 1509, Margaret’s father died and her brother was now Henry VIII, the new king of England. Early in that year Margaret became pregnant once again and gave birth to another son, this one named Arthur, in October. However, this child also died at a young age, only nine months old.

Margaret’s next child was born on April 11, 1512 at Linlithgow and named James. This child, unlike all those before him, lived to adulthood and at little over a year old he was to succeed his father as James V. The Queen became pregnant yet again shortly afterwards and gave birth to another daughter, who died a few hours later.

It was during Margaret’s final pregnancy that James IV and the Flower of Scotland, died on the battlefield at Flodden.

Margaret had thoughts of becoming regent for James V, but it was unheard of for women to rule, so needed a husband, unfortunately for her she chose a man seen by his counterparts as a fool. Her second husband was the powerful Scottish lord Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus. And so it was that John Stuart, Duke of Albany (a cousin to the king, and next in line to the throne after little Alexander’s death), was invited by the Scottish lords to be Regent. Albany had been living in France with his mother’s relatives and served three French kings - Charles VIII, Louis XII and Francis I. Albany arrived in Scotland in May 1515.

By this time Margaret was pregnant, yes again!. As an English woman among Scots she felt ill at ease and fled to England, James V had by this time been seized from her by the Lords. She gave birth to a daughter, Margaret Douglas in October. Margaret fell very ill after her daughter’s birth and nearly died, her Douglas abandoned his wife about this time and returned to Scotland. Margaret stayed in England for about a year before returning to Scotland under promise of safe conduct in June 1517.

The marriage of Margaret and Angus turned out to be disastrous. While he was in Scotland and she was in England, Angus had taken a mistress and was living off of Margaret’s Scottish revenues. The next few years were terrible for Margaret, with a horrible marriage, no money, no power and very little contact with her son James.

In 1524 Margaret, in alliance with the Earl of Arran, overthrew Albany’s regency and her son was invested with his full royal authority. James V was still only 12, so Margaret was finally able to guide her son’s government, but only for a short time as her husband, Angus took control of the young King. Margaret was finally able to attain an annulment of her marriage to Angus from Pope Clement VII and by the next April she had married her third husband, Henry Stewart, who had previously been her treasurer.

Things got serious for a time when her second hubbie, arranged for the third hubbie to be arrested as no permission had been granted by the Lords for this marriage, it was all resolved by 1528, whe James V was able to rule for himself, being 16. He appointed Henry Stewart as Lord Methven and proclaimed the Douglas’s as traitors, Angus fled to England.

Margaret’s relationship with her son was relatively good, although she pushed for closer relations with England, where James preferred an alliance with France. In this, James won out and was married to Princess Madeleine, daughter of the King of France, in January 1537. Madeleine was a poorly woman and died in July she is buried at Holyrood Abbey.

After his first wife’s death, James sought another bride from France, this time taking Marie de Guise.

By this same time, Margaret’s own marriage had followed a path similar to her second one when Methven took a mistress and lived off his wife’s money.

On October 18th, 1541, Margaret Tudor died in Methven Castle in Scotland, probably from a stroke. She was buried at the Carthusian Abbey of St. John’s in Perth.

#scotland #scottish #history #royalty #the stewarts

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histoireettralala · 10 months

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Loyal brothers

The Capetian kings found their brothers no more difficult than their sons. The exceptions were the brothers of Henri I, Robert and Eudes, but thereafter the younger Capetians developed a tradition of loyalty to their elders. Robert of Dreux, the brother of Louis VII, who was the focus of a feudal revolt in 1149, was only a partial exception, for at that date the king was still in the East, and the real object of the hostility was the regent Suger. By contrast, Hugh of Vermandois was described by contemporaries as the coadjutor of his brother, Philip I. St Louis's brothers, Robert of Artois, Alphonse of Poitiers, and Charles of Anjou, never caused him any difficulties, and the same can be said of Peter of Alençon and Robert of Clermont in the reign of their brother Philip III. Even the disturbing Charles of Valois, with his designs on the crowns of Aragon and Constantinople, was always a faithful servant to his brother Philip the Fair, and to the latter's sons. The declaration which he made when on the point of invading Italy in the service of the Pope is revealing:

"As we propose to go to the aid of the Church of Rome and of our dear lord, the mighty prince Charles, by the grace of God King of Sicily, be it known to all men that, as soon as the necessities of the same Church and King shall be, with God's help, in such state that we may with safety leave them, we shall then return to our most dear lord and brother Philip, by the grace of God King of France, should he have need of us. And we promise loyally and in all good faith that we shall not undertake any expedition to Constantinople, unless it be at the desire and with the advice of our dear lord and brother. And should it happen that our dear lord and brother should go to war, or that he should have need of us for the service of his kingdom, we promise that we shall came to him, at his command, as speedily as may be possible, and in all fitting state, to do his will. In witness of which we have given these letters under our seal. Written at Saint-Ouen lès Saint-Denis, in the year of Grace one thousand and three hundred, on the Wednesday after Candlemas."

This absence of such sombre family tragedies as Shakespeare immortalised had a real importance. In a society always prone to anarchy the monarchy stood for a principle of order, even whilst its material and moral resources were still only slowly developing. Respectability and order in the royal family were prerequisites, if the dynasty was to establish itself securely.

Robert Fawtier - The Capetian Kings of France

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redxluna · 1 year

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But a pope had gone for exactly that.

In 1152, Pope Adrian IV granted an annulment for the marriage of King Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine. The two had been married for 14 years and, much like with Katherine of Aragon, she had given the king she wed daughters, but no son.

And, in more recent history for the Tudors, in 1498, Pope Alexander VI granted an annulment for the marriage of Joan of France and Louis XII of France, who had been married for 22 years.

It wasn’t at all unheard of. It was just, like so many things of the time, a matter of politics.

#blood sex and royalty #it was scandalous since koa was a respected figure from a powerful even more respected dynasty #not so much scandalous out of never being done before #let's at least get that bit straight

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alternatehistoryworlds · 5 months

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AU House of Tudors: Children Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon.

Catherine of Aragon(1485 - 1543).In 1501 Catherine of Aragon became the wife of Prince Arthur, but he died half a year later. In 1509 she married Henry VIII. Their married life was happy despite the fact that Catherine was 6 years older than Henry. She also often took an active part in the affairs of state. The marriage produced 6 children. The death of Prince William undermined Catherine's health and because of this she began to have frequent heart aches. She died in 1543 of heart disease.

Elizabeth(1510 - 1582). Queen of Spain and Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. Wife of Charles V. The marriage of Elizabeth and Charles was happy. They had 5 children: Joana, Henry V, Catherine, Inigo and Alexandra. She outlived not only her husband but also her sons. In 1560, her eldest son died of illness, and her youngest died while still a child. And in the same year she became regent of Spain under her one-year-old granddaughter Isabella. Her regency was characterized by an era of prosperity and tranquility. Elizabeth, who was well educated, patronized the arts and sciences. Her court was visited by prominent humanists. Elizabeth had a rich library and could play several musical instruments. She loved to write and read books. 3 years before her death, she handed over the rule of the country into the hands of Isabella, and herself withdrew from public affairs and devoted herself to rest and reading.

Henry IX(1511 - 1581). King of England. Husband of 1)Renée of France and 2)Magdalene of Austria. In 1527 he married Louis XII's daughter Renée. Their married life was happy. But in 1542 she was gone. Renée died in childbirth while giving birth to her 8th child. Henry was inconsolable he fell into depression and 3 years mourned his wife. He did not marry a second time until 10 years after her death. During his reign, England became a strong sea power, and the economy grew 2-fold. Under Henry IX, peace and prosperity reigned in the kingdom. In addition, the king paid great attention to the cultural enlightenment of his state.

He became the father of 12 children: Henry X, Edward, Catherine, Anne, William, Jasper, Mary and Margaret - children from his first marriage.

Magdalen, Ferdinand, Arthur and George from his second.

William(1513 - 1536). Duke of York. Husband of Catherine Parr and father of 2 children: Maud and William. William and Catherine's married life was happy, but not long. Henry VIII was against this marriage, as he looked for another bride. But after much persuasion of his wife and son agreed. Soon Catherine and William learned that they would soon become parents. In April 1536, he fell ill with smallpox and died within days, and in May he became the father of a daughter and a son. After her husband's death, Catherine did not marry again. There were many suitors for her hand, but she refused them and said that her heart belonged only to one William.

Edmund(1514 - 1588). Duke of Somerset. Husband of Dorothea of Denmark, father of 6 children: William, Catherine, Henry, Mark, Isabella and Christian. Edmund was not in love with his wife. The first years of their marriage the couple lived amicably and were attached to each other, and when misunderstandings began between them, they were of a financial nature. The duke did not like the excessive spending of his wife. Because of frequent quarrels, they began to distance themselves from each other. And after the birth of the last child Edmund finally turned away from his wife. Edmund, like his older sister, was a patron of culture and art.

Mary(1516 - 1570). Queen of Scots. Wife of James V. She was the favorite daughter of Henry VIII. At first the Scots did not want to recognize Mary as their queen, but later she quickly won the trust of the people. She also enjoyed the trust of her husband, who often left her as regent during his absence. The spouses were an example of family life, the king was never seen for public adultery. The marriage produced 5 children: Margaret, James VI, David, Robert and Catherine.

Isabella(1518 - 1585). Queen of Poland. Wife of Sigismund II and mother of 8 children: Bona, Sigismund III, Casimir, Jadwiga, Wladyslaw, Jagailo, Catherine and Stanislaw. Isabella was famous for her beauty, distinguished by her intelligence and great energy. But there was no happiness in her life. Isabella's marriage was not a happy one. The queen unrequitedly loved her husband, but the king preferred to lead a dissolute lifestyle. The king's mother feared that Isabella would influence her son and turned Sigismund against her. The king and queen had 8 children, but only one boy survived. Isabella tried to exert political influence on her son, but her attempts were unsuccessful. Because of her disagreement with her son, she returned to her homeland.

AU Дом Тюдоров:Дети Генриха VIII и Екатерины Арагонской.

Екатерина Арагонская(1485 - 1543). В 1501 году Екатерина Арагонская стала женой принца Артура, но через пол года он умер. В 1509 она вышла замуж за Генриха VIII. Их супружеская жизнь была счастливой несмотря на то, что Екатерина была старше Генриха на 6 лет. Также она часто принимала активное участие в делах государства. В браке родилось 6 детей. Смерть принца Уильяма подкосило здоровье Екатерины и из-за этого у неё стало часто болеть сердце. Умерла в 1543 году от сердечной болезни.

Елизавета(1510 - 1582). Королева Испании и императрица Священной Римской империи. Жена Карла V. Брак Елизаветы и Карла был счастливым. У них родилось 5 детей: Хуана, Энрике V, Екатерина, Иниго и Алехандра. Пережила не только мужа, но и своих сыновей. В 1560 году от болезни умер ее старший сын, а младший умер ещё в детстве. И в этом же году она стала регентом Испании при своей годовалой внучке Изабелле. Её регенство характерезуится эпохой процветания и спокойствия. Елизавета, получившая хорошее образование покровительствовала искусствам и наукам. Её двор посещали выдающиеся гуманисты. У Елизаветы была богатая библиотека, а также она умела играть на нескольких музыкальных инструментах. Любила писать и читать книги. За 3 года до своей смерти вручила правление страной в руки Изабелле, а сама отошла от государственных дел и посвятила себя отдыху и чтению.

Генрих IX(1511 - 1578). Король Англии. Муж 1)Рене Французской и 2)Магдалины Австрийской. В 1527 году женился на дочери Людовика XII Рене. Их супружеская жизнь была счастливой. Но 1542 году её не стало. Рене умерла при родах, рожая 8 ребёнка. Генрих был безутешен он впал в депрессию и 3 года оплакивал жену. Женился во второй раз только через 10 лет после её смерти. В период его правления Англия стала сильной морской державой, а также в 2 раза увеличился рост экономики. При Генрихе IX в королевстве царил мир и процветание. Кроме этого, король уделял большое внимание культурному просвещению своего государства.

Стал отцом 12 детей: Генрих X, Эдуард, Екатерина, Анна, Уильям, Джаспер, Мария и Маргарита - дети от первого брака.

Магдалена, Фердинанд, Артур и Джордж - от второго.

Уильям(1513 - 1536). Герцог Йоркский. Муж Екатерины Парр и отец 2 детей: Мод и Уильям. Супружеская жизнь Уильяма и Екатерины был счастливой, но не долгой. Генрих VIII был против этого брака, так как подыскал ему другую невесту. Но после долгих уговоров жены и сына согласился. Вскоре Екатерина и Уильям узнали, что скоро станут родителями. В апреле 1536 года он заболел оспой и умер в течение нескольких дней, а в мае стал отцом дочери и сына. После смерти мужа Екатерина больше замуж не вышла. Было много претендентов на её руку, но она им отказывала и говорила, что её сердце принадлежит лишь одному Уияльму.

Эдмунд(1514 - 1588). Герцог Сомерсет. Муж Доротеи Датской, отец 6 детей: Уильям, Екатерина, Генрих, Марк, Изабелла и Кристиан. Эдмунд не был влюблен в свою жену. Первые годы брака супруги жили дружно и были привязаны друг к другу, а когда между ними начались недоразумения, то они носили финансовый характер. Герцогу не нравились чрезмерные расходы жены. Из-за частых ссор они стали отдаляться друг от друга. А после рождения последнего ребёнка Эдмунд окончательно отвернулся от жены. Эдмунд, как и его старшая сестра был покровителем культуры и искусства.

Мария(1516 - 1570). Королева Шотландии. Жена Якова V. Была любимой дочерью Генриха VIII. Поначалу шотландцы не хотели признавать Марию своей королевой, но позже она быстро завоевала доверие народа. Также она пользовалась доверием своего мужа, который часто оставлял её регентом на время своего отсутствия. Супруги были примером семейной жизни, король ни разу не был замечен за публичным изменами. В браке родилось 5 детей: Маргарита, Яков VI, Давид, Роберт и Екатерина.

Изабелла(1518 - 1585). Королева Польши. Жена Сигизмунда II и мать 8 детей: Бона, Сигизмунд III, Казимир, Ядвига, Владислав, Ягайло, Екатерина и Станислав. Изабелла славилась своей красотой, отличалась умом и большой энергией. Но счастья в её жизни не было. Брак Изабеллы был не счастливым. Королева безответно любила своего мужа, но король предпочитал вести разгульный образ жизни. Мать короля опасалась того, что Изабелла будет оказывать влияние на сына и настраивала Сигизмунда против неё. У короля и королевы было 8 детей, но выжил лишь один мальчик. Изабелла пыталась оказывать политическое влияние на своего сына, но её попытки остались без успешны. Из за разногласий с сыном она вернулась на Родину.

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joachimnapoleon · 2 years

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Today is the anniversary of Murat’s death; instead of something sad and gloomy, here is a compilation of Murat’s contemporaries saying nice things about him.

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Murat was a good man. He was dashingly brave, and possessed military talents together with a great desire to please and to be admired. He sought to have good manners and overdid them. One saw by his exaggerated dress and his attentions to the ladies that he wished to resemble the Villarceaux and Sévignés of the days of Louis XIV. These famous courtiers were the models he had chosen, but the rough hearty republican could not be completely hidden, and the mixture of the two opposite types of character would have been ridiculous at times if one had not been conscious of the honest, frank soldier in the background who reconciled the puppets one to the other. Consequently, in spite of his male and martial beauty he was a far less dangerous person than he imagined.

-Hortense de Beauharnais, The Memoirs of Queen Hortense, Vol. 2.

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Much has been said of this truly extraordinary prince; but only those who saw him personally could form a correct idea of him, and even they never knew him perfectly until they had seen him on a field of battle. There he seemed like those great actors who produce a complete illusion amid the fascination of the stage, but in whom we no longer find the hero when we encounter them in private life.... What, so to speak, idealized him was his truly chivalrous bravery, often carried to the point of recklessness, as if danger had no existence for him.

-Recollections of the Private Life of Napoleon, by Constant, Premier Valet de Chambre, Vol. III, 1900, pgs 207-208.

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The beauty of his person, the charm of his smile, the natural urbanity of his manner--to which, however, he was inclined to add more importance than was consistent with his proper dignity--and the richness of his dress, pleased the multitude and the army, although self-reputed sages laughed at this last display, and pronounced it ridiculous. The affability and gentleness of his manners, which were such as could not have been anticipated from a man of low birth, endeared him to the Court.... Murat was a Charles XII in the field, but a Francis I in his Court. He would have regarded the refusal of a favour to any lady of the Court, even though she were not his mistress, as an indignity.... Unfortunately for him as well as for our poor country, Murat fancied himself extremely sagacious in the art of kingcraft, and above all, that he alone could manage his affairs in the then intricate political state of the times. I do not mean to imply by this that the King was deficient in a certain sagacity; on the contrary, he could at times reason very aptly, and according to the opinion of his minister, Giuseppe Gurlo, who was a man of no ordinary stamp of mind, the King when in council often reasoned in a manner far superior to any of his ministers.

-General Guglielmo Pépé, Memoirs of General Pépé, Vol I [Pépé served under Murat in Naples]

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In this supreme elevation, he appeared neither astonished nor dazzled; no alteration manifested itself in his naturally generous and easy character; he remained for his parents, his friends, his old comrades, what he had been in his village, or on the benches of the school, or in the lines of a regiment, and yet the greats, the princes, the sovereigns themselves admired in him the noble urbanity befitting the courts, with the imposing grandeur befitting the throne. I have seen this prince in the midst of the armies; his presence alone electrified warriors’ hearts; leaders and soldiers, friends and enemies, he drove them all. The Cossacks, in the background of a Russia in flames, suspended combat to lower their pikes before him, as a sign of homage to this model of valor; they called him their Hetman, as in Egypt the Arabs called him the French Murat-Bey, each one thus signaling by the designation who in their minds commanded the most admiration and respect.

-Jean-Michel Agar, the Count of Mosbourg, from Murat: Lieutenant de l’Empereur en Espagne, 1808, published by Murat’s grandnephew, Joachim Joseph André, in 1897. Agar was Murat’s childhood friend and later served as his finance minister.

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Posterity will certainly blame King Joachim for some political errors, which in the end were the cause of his own ruin; but his goodness of heart, his frankness and generosity, command an affectionate remembrace. As a warrior, he became an object of veneration to all nations, from the Arab of the desert to the Cossack of the Don. He was loved even by his enemies, and would have been adored throughout the kingdom of Naples, without any exceptions, had not his officers and functionaries sometimes acted at variance with his intentions, and disgusted some classes of the people by vexatious stretches of authority. One of his foibles was, an incapacity to punish; and this, like an analogous failing in parents towards their children, engenders laxity and disobedience.... His desires were those of a King, but his mind was too much that of a soldier; his heart was that of a warm friend to mankind, and was, as said of the gigantic Sir William Jones, "even bigger than his body."

-Memoirs of the Life and Adventures of Colonel Maceroni, Vol II, 1838, pages 348-9. [Maceroni was one of Murat’s aides-de-camp during his reign in Naples]

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I remember how he envied my position. One day when we were walking together he tried to prove to me that on the staff I had a hundred opportunities and means of bringing myself into notice–that is, of getting on; whereas a regiment was a blind alley where one was confounded with the mass, and that, if you did distinguish yourself, jealousy restrained everyone from speaking of you. Captain as I was, I should be a general before he, a major, was colonel. This statement was the only one not correct, for it was as Bonaparte’s aide-de-camp, a staff-officer that is, that he gained his success. How often did I recall this conversation when I saw him dash like a whirlwind up all the steps of rank and arrive, borne by Caesar’s eagle, with one swoop at the summit of human greatness! I must say, however, that he lost none of the amenity and good-nature which so well blended with his open soul, and with the chivalrous ardour which made him the bravest of the brave.

-The Memoirs of Baron Thiébault (late Lieutenant-general in the French Army) Vol 1; New York (Macmillan Company), 1896, pg 255

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Who is there who doesn’t know of Murat’s wild courage, and who would not believe that a warrior like that has a soul of steel, an indomitable character? Well, there is not a softer, more gentle creature in private life, even more weak at times. If in camp he receives a letter from his wife, he cries like a child. But at the sound of cannon his head is up, he rushes out and throws himself into the fray–on the battlefield that Achilles has twenty elbows.

-Napoleon to Molé, as recorded by the Count of Mosbourg in Murat: Lieutenant de L'Empereur en Espagne 1808, page 73.

#Joachim Murat #Napoleon’s marshals #Napoleonic #today in history #memoirs

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