#howstuffworks

[edaworks]

Wasteland Survival Guide: Travel Talk - Solving The Vertibird Problem

- Hi and welcome to a third absurdly niche TED talk on realistic travel in the Fallout universe (for fanfiction and tabletop RP purposes). Warning: longpost incoming - I’m trying to fix Bethesda Problems in this post so I know y’all understand that’s an ENDEAVOR

- Today we are covering fuels and vehicles - i.e. “why are there working vertibirds” and “how do I have the option to put combustion-engine generators in my FO4 settlements/FO76 C.A.M.P.s, but don’t have the option to place my companions in a refurbished car to reenact the Orange Mocha Frappuccinos scene from Zoolander”

- In the first of these travel talks I mentioned hypothetical travel range of stolen borrowed BoS vertibirds as an alternative to long-distance foot travel and people tagged the post with good critique: Vertibirds are a questionable option unless we have a good fuel source

- Y’all are absolutely right! Fuel has to be coming from somewhere and may be very scarce, and I needed to solve this problem for my own fic development so I’m also dumping my findings here. In this post I’m going to try to Make It Work (because no, Todd Howard, it DOES NOT “just work”) so here is my best and unquestionably, absurdly overthought attempt at solving The Vertibird Problem

-Placing a cut here for everyone’s sanity, post continues below

- For me the single biggest willful suspension of disbelief issue with working vertibirds is that they are clearly not nuclear-powered (no rads on explosion, black fuel smoke from damaged nacelles, etc), and the Resource Wars, ending with the Great War, were literally fought over global lack of (mostly fossil) fuel

- So how are all these vertibirds whizzing about two hundred years after a nuclear apocalypse and a global fuel crisis, and what does all of this mean for post-war transit?

- The best answer I’ve got is actually grounded in the Resource Wars. A full overview would be a post unto itself and this post is moronically long already so here’s the tl;dr version

- The Resource Wars lasted decades and included at minimum the US’s 2051 invasion of Mexico, the Euro-Middle Eastern war of 2052-2060, the Sino-American War of 2066-2077, the US “annexation” of Canada during the Sino-American War, and the Great War of 2077 (the 10-23-77 nuclear exchange). The driving causes in each conflict were shortages (actual and/or manufactured) of fossil fuels and/or uranium. By the late stages of the Sino-American War pretty much all remaining fossil fuel reserves and crude oil deposits of any significant size were in US possession - specifically US military possession - and they Would Not Share

- The nuclear exchange occurred while the Sino-American War was still in progress and vertibirds were in active use, meaning US crude oil deposits were not fully tapped out. Alaska certainly wasn’t - it was home to was the last or one of the last large oil deposits, and thus was the focus of the Chinese invasion

- This is critical to the rest of my hypothesis, because a lot of the aviation fuels that would probably be compatible with vertibird engines require refining crude oil

- Let’s start with understanding the birds’ fuel needs. The V-22 Osprey - my chosen “IRL vertibird analogue” - is powered by two Rolls Royce AE1107C-Liberty Free Shaft Gas Turbine Engines. Sorry to anyone who is military & has worked with these aircraft/may be watching me stumble through this, please correct me on inaccuracies

- The Internet tells me that gas turbines usually have fuel flexibility, meaning they can take a variety of fuels including LNG (liquefied natural gas), JP-8 (Jet Propellant 8, a kerosene based aviation fuel), FSJF (fully synthetic jet fuel), and synthetic kerosene

- Problem 1: Vertibirds would need an in-universe equivalent to one of these fuels to operate

- A LOT of it

- Someone has done the math on the Internet for V-22 Osprey fuel consumption and it appears that each engine can consume up to 35kg/min of fuel if the tiltrotor is hovering under a full payload (meaning engines are operating at 90% power)

- That said, the Brotherhood is pretty much never going to have a vertibird at full payload even with occupants in power armor, and a bunch of rogue companions joyriding between Boston and DC almost certainly wouldn’t. If you just stick four to five people in a vertibird you’re only going to need a little over one-third of its operating range to make a one way trip from DC to Boston or vice versa, and I’m presuming 1/3 of the fuel capacity is needed to travel 1/3 the optimal operating range. But it’s still a lot of fuel

- Problem 2: fuel degradation. V-22 Ospreys are military aircraft and JP-8 is a kerosene based aviation fuel preferred by the US military, so let’s start with that option (and simplify it to “kerosene based aviation fuel” instead of the actual formula)

- Kerosene is derived from petroleum, as are most non-synthetic fuel options for these aircraft

- While the crude oil used to manufacture petroleum products can sit for millions of years, the fossil fuels derived from it typically have a shelf life

- Ergo, JP-8 - and most other fuels refined from crude oil - degrade

- Restek’s web page tells me that JP-8 has a minimum shelf life of 6mos. and a maximum shelf life of 85mos.

- The takeaway: most fossil fuels/non-synthetic fuels manufactured/refined pre-war would no longer be viable by the time even FO76 takes place, nevermind over 200 years later (loss of combustion properties, instability, water invading the fuel, etc). An exception is natural gas (addressed father down)

- So vertibirds need a lot of fuel and (with the exception of LNG) it can’t really be scrounged from pre-war sites. How do we solve these problems?

- Conclusion - unless these birds have been retrofitted to take fusion cores or something (unlikely since as noted above, they fireball on crash/send up black fuel smoke/don’t emit rads like the fusion powered cars do when they explode), we can safely assume that the Brotherhood is likely drilling and at minimum refining crude oil somewhere

- It is not unreasonable to assume that the Brotherhood’s east coast chapter could have a bunch of scribes assigned to manufacturing aviation fuel (sounds like Order of the Quill territory to me, since it would be development and implementation of non-combat technology)

- So they probably have a fuel stockpile(s) somewhere that you could beg, borrow or steal from

- I’d hypothesize that the Enclave remnants at Raven Rock and Adams Air Force Base were likely refining their own fuel as well, so your party may also have the option to bust open another Enclave base and siphon their fuel tanks.

- Other facilities operated by ZAX units that use vertibirds, vertibots or cargo bots, like MODUS’s setup in the Whitespring bunker in WVA, would have to be doing this as well. MODUS claims to have full manufacturing facilities, so it’s not super far-fetched

- But hang on: where are these organizations getting crude oil from in a post-apocalyptic universe and following a fuel-shortage war, you may ask? Access to at least a small amount of crude oil makes sense in canon for the West Coast Brotherhood because oil rig platforms still exist there - at minimum we have the west coast Enclave base ‘built over the world's last accessible underwater oil deposit in the Pacific Ocean’ (until it’s destroyed) - but where are the East Coast Brotherhood/East Coast Enclave remnants getting crude oil from?

- Folx, I propose to you: WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA

- (alternatively WVA, there are some deposits out there too and both areas are close enough to the Citadel for our purposes)

- We know the Western PA area is populated during the events of FO3 (the Pitt) and apparently also during the events of FO76 (since I understand FO76 content related to the Pitt is dropping in fall ‘22) and given events of FO3 there have to be viable ground routes into and out of the area

- A few big ole’ blatant assumptions principles underlie this hypothesis, as follows, but I think it holds up

- First assumption: None of the top-100 producing oil fields in the US are located on the East Coast but we have a lot of smaller, lower-yield deposits out here including many in Western PA. It seems possible that some of these smaller east coast deposits might still exist

- Second set of assumptions: “I’m not buying it. Why, with a global fossil fuel crisis pre-war, would there still be any remaining crude oil deposits other than in Alaska?” Everyone, please welcome my archenemy friend Late-Stage Capitalism, who will be assisting with this part of the discussion

- Late-stage capitalist economies display even more of an every-corporation-for-itself setup than a regular capitalist economy. We see evidence everywhere in-universe of corporations blatantly cooking the books to protect resources, dupe shareholders and drive up profit margins. I wouldn’t be the least bit surprised if some of them reported false information about crude oil deposit exhaustion to their military contract holders just to manufacture more of a shortage/be able to “discover” further resources at those deposits at later dates/grift a higher contract value

- Also typical of late-stage capitalism: favoring high-risk, high-reward opportunities instead of assured, lower-profit-margin opportunities. Small deposits might not have been as commercially attractive to develop when fuel magnates were scrambling to fulfill large-scale military contracts. Alaska was still producing. Cold fusion power development was also starting to take off. Why bother with a large resource expenditure for low return at a small crude oil deposit site? We know from FO76 that the WVA fuel magnate AMS shoulder-checked the waning coal industry out of the way in favor of uranium mining, and jumped from there to producing the most unstable, dangerous fuel source they’d ever accidentally discovered (ultracite) in expectation of a better return on investment, despite uranium still being a perfectly viable fuel. So, ignoring lower profit margins from small crude deposit development in favor of cash cows, and reporting those deposits as played out in order to refocus the military’s interest on fuel sources that can be provided quickly with a higher profit margin, seems in line with these corporations’ and the military-industrial complex’s priorities.

- Third assumption: the US military would have needed large volumes of fuel/fuel sources very fast before the nuclear exchange, so sheer time constraints for contract fulfillment might have caused fuel magnates to abandon development of smaller deposits in areas like western PA, and report them as played out, before moving on to faster-producing prospects (someone familiar with commercial drilling please feel free to set me straight, I have no idea what I’m doing)

- Fourth assumption: the distance from Citadel in DC to some of these sites in PA is close enough for a caravan to traverse over a short 9-day travel time (Somerset, PA to the Pentagon is 178mi. - figuring 20mi. per day maximum progress, the route is 8.9 days’ travel for a one-way trip), making transport of armored fuel tanks viable

- The BoS may have even rehabbed/refitted a pre-war refinery, and may have found at least some barrels of crude there to get them started

- They could pretty painlessly transport aviation fuel stockpiles to the Citadel or to the Prydwen’s dry dock (is that even a thing for dirigibles?) or home mooring site at the remains of Adams AFB

- Given these points, the BoS Western PA drilling/refining hypothesis seems viable

- So find your local BoS outpost, beg, borrow or steal that fuel, get that bird’s tanks filled and get to the choppa

- Bonus content: liquefied natural gas - Unlike fuels refined from crude oil, natural gas has an indefinite shelf life. Find an intact fuel holding tank post-war? Fair game!

- This could also potentially be drilled for post-war, from small deposits, just like crude oil. Natural gas pockets typically sit over oil deposits, so I again direct hopefuls to Western PA or West Virginia

- As for liquefying the natural gas: the temperature must be reduced substantially to change this stuff to a liquid state. Well, if there’s one thing I’m not worried about existing in this universe…it’s viable cryotechnology

- Grab that fuel and bon voyage

- But make sure you do a full fuel dump/strip down/blowout of your bird’s fuel system and engines first if you’ve been using petrol-product-based fuels up until now? I think that’s how it works? Someone in aviation help me out?

- Bonus content: Gasoline - Regular gasoline degrades like other fossil fuels. It actually begins degrading pretty quickly (within a few months to a year, unless well stabilized). It begins losing its combustible properties. It can wreck a combustion engine. It also can start leaving residue that will block fuel lines. Ethanol additives can draw water into a container, which presents its own problems.

- So if someone has viable gasoline, someone has been refining it post-war, or taking it from someone else who has

- Bonus content: Ethanol - There’s literally no viable reason we don’t have this other than that corn growth for food is paramount. I choose to believe that my settlements’ non-fusion generators run on ethanol

- Todd Howard you coward give me an ethanol-combustion-engine-retrofitted Fusion Flea or a motorbike or even one of those hybrid bicycles with a pedal dynamo attached jeebus are you just trying to avoid the inevitable Mad Max: Fury Road references?

- Thank you for coming to my absurdly long TED talk

—

Travel Talk 2 - moving between East Coast and West Coast locations - https://edaworks.tumblr.com/post/687085337288245248/wow-so-uh-you-all-really-liked-my-post

Travel Talk 1 - moving between FO3 and FO4 locations - https://edaworks.tumblr.com/post/686101227706138624/hi-and-welcome-to-my-absurdly-niche-ted-talk-on

#fallout #fallout 3 #fallout new vegas #fallout 4 #fallout 76 #worldbuilding #lore #headcanon #research #roleplay #fanfiction #fanfic #howstuffworks #wasteland survival guide #travel talks

[harleyification]

Dear Harley Keener Community, I want to unite you all and ask a really important question:

What do YOU think is Harley Keener’s Birthday??

#Tell me the zodiac sign #Tell me the moon sign #Tell me the rising sign #Tell me the birthday personality form HowStuffWorks #I wanna know your Thoughts #Guide Me #Harley Keener #MCU #Marvel

[is-the-post-reliable]

HowStuffWorks is full of slop written by ai. Not a good source.

hello, could your provide any sources? I haven't been able to find any sources suggesting that it isn't reliable, and MBFC still rate it very high for factual reporting. you're the second anon to message about this, so it's clear that you aren't the only person who doesn't believe HSW is reliable, but I do need to find a reliable source before I start removing this source from my fact checks

#ask #anon #how stuff works #not a fact check

[1863-project]

Is there a specific reason public transportation sucks in the US? I don't see why cars are still dominant when it's so obvious trains are the way to go.

Here's a few articles for you, anon - these are about how cars became the dominant form of transport in the US and still are.

HowStuffWorks: Why did cars become the dominant form of transportation in the U.S.?

The Atlantic: The Absurd Primacy of the Automobile in American Life

Bloomberg: 9 Reasons the U.S. Ended Up So Much More Car-Dependent Than Europe

The gist of it is that after World War II especially, more emphasis was put on road infrastructure in the US, and air travel also became (slightly) more affordable and popular simultaneously. The railroads declined as a result, and US public transit suffered massively. But even before World War II, Americans took to cars on a more substantial scale than people in other places did, likely due to how the automotive industry operated in the US (you can blame Henry Ford for a lot of that). With supplies easy to obtain for manufacturing in the US, especially oil and rubber, it was natural for the US to start whipping out more cars than anyone else - and buying them, too.

Remember that post-WWII, American infrastructure more or less remained untouched, whilst other countries had significantly more rebuilding to do. The automotive industry thus continued to grow unchecked, and this led to a direct decline in the railroad industry. Today, most US railroads just run freight, with Amtrak being the only national passenger service and various commuter rail services in populated areas handling high volumes of commuters each day. It's a shadow of what we once had, and it's devastating.

#replies #I like trains

[realjaysumlin]

It is very sad that so many of you believe in a system that is filled with falsehood. I've received so many insulting comments on some of my posts. I've never been one to comment without doing my research before questioning the authenticity. of the author post if I disagree with them.

One thing about me, I never post anything without irrefutable evidence to support my blogs. The entire human race living on earth today are decendents of one African woman and one African man who had dark skin.

The white race is a very stupid invention for people who needed to find self gratification because of poverty and oppression from Monarchs and Black Empires that ruled earth during the dark ages and before,

#black love #black positivity #black history #black africans #science #evolution #science side of tumblr #atheism #african atheism

[ausetkmt]

5 Eloquent and Enduring Maya Angelou Quotes | HowStuffWorks

[oddnamesinhistory]

Marshall Brain

1962- , American futurist and writer, creator of the series HowStuffWorks. Yes, he is very conscious of how apt his name is for a professional nerd.

#aptronyms #20th century #americans #writers

[wonkaism]

Resources

Being a slave owner himself, Willy Wonka is not against slave labor. However, He recognizes that most people are very against it, but He has good news: there are ethical, slave-free brands of chocolate!

If you can, try to purchase from these brands.

Of course, if you are not for animal products in your foods either for moral or allergy reasons, there are brands that accommodate for your dietary restrictions.

The only company Willy Wonka would be strictly against is Nestle, for their business connected to deaths of infants, false advertisement, overharvesting water, and openly supporting dictators. They even own kibble brands and pay animal nutritionists to push their brand(s), when kibble is known for causing serious health complications!

For a while, they have used the real life Wonka brand, which could make our god look like He advocates for these things, when again, slavery is the only thing He is not against.

More information: https://utopia.org/guide/5-of-nestles-worst-controversies-explained/

What companies are owned by Nestle: https://wyomingllcattorney.com/Blog/Everything-Owned-by-Nestle

To consume any of these brands is an abomination! May He forgive you for each time you have disgraced Willy Wonka.

Finally, there are real cults! While Wonkaism is more about having fun and a laugh, there are real cults out there looking to cause real damage on people. There will be some resources to help you and a loved one if you ever end up in a real cult. Please do stay safe out there, and practice general internet and real world safety.

Reblog to share His good word, and so other people can be in the know on how to better avoid companies like Nestle, and have chocolate that goes along with their morals.

(Disclaimer: I myself am against slavery, I am just the messenger, and going off the books in the Wonka not being anti-slavery part)

#resources #ethical food #chocolate #vegan chocolate #slavery #wonkaism #nestlé

[aromothmantic]

We all have our trivial things that fill us with petty rage and one of mine is the seemingly common belief that the chupacabra looks like a mangy dog or whatever tf that Netflix movie is trying to do (WHY DOES IT HAVE FEATHERY WINGS!!!!!!)

As a Resident Cryptid Nerd I am fucking begging y'all to look at the artistic rendition of the earliest chupacabra sightings please

(Source: Jeff Carter / HowStuffWorks)

IT'S REPTILIAN FOR FUCK'S SAKE

#the original sightings in puerto rico and latin america say it's reptilian dagnabbit #i don't care that myths evolve with time in my opinion the mangy dog description is Simply Wrong #this concludes tonight's edition of Me Having Unnecessarily Intense Opinions About Cryptids #thank you for your time #phoenix screams into the void

[youssefguedira]

was on the howstuffworks page for safecracking and there were diagrams and.

diabolik here to demonstrate good safecracking techniques

#i know its not supposed to be diabolik. probably. but the similarity is funny #ironically im googling this bc i needed to know the name of something for diabolik fic reasons. not for illegal reasons #neon has thoughts #diabolik

[wanderervenom]

Shared from Bing: Mayday Meaning: Exploring the International Distress Call | HowStuffWorks

#if you ever wondered

[is-the-post-reliable]

Hi I was looking into the HowStuffWorks and I found multiple sources confirming it's reliability.

Columbia University links to it on this page: https://guides.library.columbia.edu/c.php?g=197055&p=4519057

Education World rating: https://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/site-reviews/how-stuff-works.shtml

Kinda biased but HSW FAQ on reliability: https://www.howstuffworks.com/faq.htm#U

The site isn't considered an academic source though. In my opinion it's equivalent to a news site as there are opinion and lifestyle articles which are biased in nature. But when it comes to factual articles the facts written are checked and sourced properly.

Anyway hope that was helpful. Have a good day or night!

hi, thank you for sending these sources in! of course no source is going to be perfect, but from what I've seen it doesn't seem to be considered unreliable. I'll keep an ear out about it and be cautious to double check anything I read on there, but at this point I'm not planning to exclude it from sources I use unless anyone sends in a reliable source detailing why it is no longer considered reliable

#ask #thanks #how stuff works #anon #not a fact check

[nathanmonjko]

Was Gary Francis Poste the Zodiac Killer? We Can't Be Sure - People | HowStuffWorks

Poste was arrested in 2016 on domestic violence charges and died in 2018 at the age of 80. In 2021, a civilian volunteer group called the Case ...

[questions77]

[scifi-and-realism]

Sources

AlAlwan, Maisa  A., et al. “Survival from Ninety-Five Percent Total Body Surface Area Burn: A Case Report and Literature Review.” Cureus, National Library of Medicine, 4 Feb. 2022, doi.org/10.7759%2Fcureus.21903.

Alvarado, Sebastian. The Science of Marvel. Adams Media, 2019.

“Anatomy: Hand and Wrist.” Beth Israel Deconess Needham, Beth Israel Lahey Health, 2024, www.bidneedham.org/departments/orthopaedics/hand-program/anatomy-hand-and-wrist#:~:text=Thumb-,Bones,each%20of%20the%205%20digits.

Choi, Charles Q. “Gamma Rays: The Incredible, Hulking Reality.” NBCNews.Com, NBCUniversal News Group, 11 June 2008, www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna25099548.

Clements, Isaac Perry. “How Prosthetic Limbs Work.” HowStuffWorks Science, HowStuffWorks, 8 Mar. 2023, science.howstuffworks.com/prosthetic-limb4.htm.

“Electromagnetic Spectrum.” NASA, NASA, imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html.

Fitzgerald, Barry W. “Could We Pause Our Lives for Hundreds of Years Just like Roundworms?.” BW Science, BW Science, 7 Aug. 2023, bwscience.com/could-we-pause-our-lives-for-hundreds-of-years-just-like-roundworms%EF%BF%BC/.

Fitzgerald, Barry W. “Where Can You Find a Radioactive Spider?” BW Science, BW Science, 23 Oct. 2022, bwscience.com/where-can-you-find-a-radioactive-spider/.

Fitzgerald, Barry W. “Why Electromagnetic Radiation Won’t Give You Superpowers.” BW Science, BW Science, 4 Oct. 2022, bwscience.com/why-electromagnetic-radiation-wont-give-you-superpowers/.

Hill, Kyle. “Never Do a Superhero Landing.” YouTube, Nerdist, 31 May 2018, youtu.be/u429Qgvoxw4?si=XqaJuJy7drnAP8iR.

Hill, Kyle. “Superheroes Are Saving Us Wrong.” YouTube, Nerdist, 18 July 2019, youtu.be/K6NC_H970mg?si=mune2BmRoPt5FQc5.

Hill, Kyle. “Why You Don’t Want Super Speed.” YouTube, Nerdist, 19 Apr. 2018, youtu.be/FTEDZQaEIts?si=X0H-1DyHcnSwd8AE.

Hill, Kyle. “Why You Don’t Want X-Ray Vision.” YouTube, Nerdist, 30 Aug. 2018, youtu.be/fujdEiRR-K8?si=JvywA1i9E4piLRlj.

Jeschke, Marc G, et al. “Morbidity and Survival Probability in Burn Patients in Modern Burn Care.” Critical Care Medicine, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Apr. 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4359665/.

Kakalios, James. The Physics of Superheroes. Duckworth Overlook, 2010.

O’Connell, Callin. “Student Highlight: An Analysis of Radiation Dosimetry in Hulk.” Student Highlight: An Analysis of Radiation Dosimetry in Hulk | RAMP Website, Radiation Protection Computer Code Analysis and Maintenance Program, 9 Aug. 2019, ramp.nrc-gateway.gov/about/news/article/2019-08/student-highlight-analysis-radiation-dosimetry-hulk#:~:text=Several%20simplifying%20assumptions%20were%20made,weapons%20as%20a%20gamma%20source.

“Radiation Studies - CDC: Properties of Radioactive Isotopes.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 20 Aug. 2015, www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/isotopes.html.

“Risks of Radiation.” UCSF Radiology, 27 July 2016, radiology.ucsf.edu/patient-care/patient-safety/radiation-safety/risks-of-radiation#:~:text=When%20X%2Dray%20radiation%20is,and%20increased%20incidence%20of%20cancer.

Sallabank, J, et al. “The Human Barbecue.” Journal of Physics Special Topics, vol. 1, no. 7, 15 Oct. 2014.

Schiffer, Phillip. “Genome Analysis of 46,000-Year-Old Roundworm from Siberian Permafrost Reveals Novel Species.” MPI, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 27 July 2023, www.mpi-cbg.de/news-outreach/news-media/article/genome-analysis-of-46000-year-old-roundworm-from-siberian-permafrost-reveals-novel-species.

Shatilovich, Anastasia, et al. “A Novel Nematode Species from the Siberian Permafrost Shares Adaptive Mechanisms for Cryptobiotic Survival with C. Elegans Dauer Larva.” PLOS Genetics, Public Library of Science, 27 July 2023, journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1010798.

“Spider Bites - Symptoms & Causes.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spider-bites/symptoms-causes/syc-20352371?p=1#.

Waldman, Katy. “What Really Happens If You Get Bitten by a Radioactive Spider?” Slate Magazine, Slate, 3 July 2012, slate.com/technology/2012/07/spider-man-what-happens-if-you-get-bitten-by-a-radioactive-spider.html#.

You, Jia. “FYI: What Is the Limit to How Fast a Human Can Run?” SMU Archives, Southern Methodist University, 5 June 2013, www.smu.edu/news/archives/2013/peter-weyend-popular-science-5june2013.

[77725]

Okobukhosi

“Thus the Lord commanded the kings, the princes, the exalted, and those who dwell on earth, saying, Open your eyes, and lift up your horns, if you are capable of comprehending the Elect One. The Lord of spirits sat upon the throne of his glory. And the spirit of righteousness was poured out over him.” – Ethiopic Book of Hanoch/Enoch, Chapter LXI According to an website called HowStuffWorks:…

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#afrikology #history #Self #Stories