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brookston · 2 years

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Holidays 6.2

Holidays

American Indian Citizenship Day

Autograph Day

Children’s Day (North Korea)

Civil Aviation Day (Azerbaijan)

Contango Day

Coronation Day (UK)

Decoration Day (Canada)

Elfreth's Alley Day (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)

Emancipation Day (Tonga)

Father’s Day (Lithuania, Switzerland)

Festa della Repubblica (Italy)

Festival of Light and Dark Spots

Festival of Utter Confusion

Hristo Botev Day (Bulgaria)

I Love My Dentist Day

Important People Day

International Sex Workers Day (a.k.a. International Whore's Day)

Isabel Province Day (Solomon Islands)

Mindfulness Day (Zen Buddhism)

Mother Earth's Day

National Bubba Day

National Gun Violence Awareness Day

National Leave the Office Early Day [6.2 or Closest Weekday]

Seaman's Day (a.k.a. Sjómannadagurinn,Iceland)

Social Forestry Day (Bhutan)

Telangana Day (India)

3-Ring Circus Day

Yell "Fudge" at the Cobras in North America Day

Food & Drink Celebrations

National Rocky Road Day

National Rotisserie Chicken Day

Rocky Road Ice Cream Day

Velveeta Day

First Thursday in June

National Moonshine Day [1st Thursday]

Pea Soup Days begin (Wisconsin) [1st Thursday thru Sunday]

Feast Days

Ahudemmeh (Syriac Orthodox Church)

Alexander (Christian; Martyr)

Blandina (Christian; Martyr)

Buddha Day (Indonesia; Buddhism)

Daniel Boone Day (Church of the SubGenius; Saint)

Elmo (Christian; Saint)

Erasmus (Christian; Saint)

Eugene I, Pope (Christian; Saint)

Felix of Nicosia (Christian; Saint)

St. Gregory the Great (Positivist; Saint)

Marcellinus and Peter (Christian; Martyrs)

Pothinus, Bishop of Lyon, and Attalus, Blandina, and other martyrs of Lyon (Christian; Saint)

Lucky & Unlucky Days

Tomobiki (友引 Japan) [Good luck all day, except at noon.]

Today is Also…

Day of Year: Day 153 of 2022; 212 days remaining in the year

ISO: Day 4 of week 22 of 2022

Celtic Tree Calendar: Huath (Hawthorn) [Day 21 of 28]

Chinese: Month 5 (Púyuè), Day 4 (Bing-Xu)

Chinese Year of the: Tiger (until January 22, 2023)

Hebrew: 3 Sivan 5782

Islamic: 2 Dhu al-Qada 1443

J Cal: 3 Sol; Twosday [3 of 30]

Julian: 20 May 2022

Moon: 9% Waxing Crescent

Positivist: 13 St. Paul (6th Month) [St. Gregory the Great]

Runic Half Month: Odal (Home, Possession) [Day 6 of 15]

Season: Spring (Day 72 of 90)

Zodiac: Gemini (Day 12 of 30)

#Holidays

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goatgirl98 · 2 years

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ok ok! my first semester is over!! 1/8 done until my bachelor..def wanna switch to the art department for some time (there is an art and a design department on my uni, rn im in design) bc the design department feels kinda too ~chic~ sometimes, I feel much more creative in a creative surrounding and the design campus is all very new buildings and very clean etc and your typical design bros. and the art department is an old castle with a rose garden and on a hill its much much prettier. and its pretty easy and even encouraged to switch between the departments! so thats rly nice! in the 5th term I can decide on a specialization class and i wanna go to the illustration class so so bad thats literally why I started studying there all along. I could also choose photography or typography or editioral and information design but (besides maybe photography) the courses seem boring so I hope to get into illustration!! also then I wanna do erasmus, sadly they have no partner uni in stockholm, just göteborg, idk, never been there, we‘ll see, also could do erasmus at the art academy in reykjavik which would also be quiet cool, but!! gotta check if its for the summer or winter term bc i dont wanna go from october til january that would be a shitty time to be in iceland when i dont get any daylight and its night for 5 months :/ but yeah! its all gonna work out. the first semester wasnt always super interesting but i feel like its gonna get better (and more stressful) each year. just gotta wait. anyway! its nice to have a goal and to be working towards it and to finally, finally not just pass time

#personal #sry for my bad english here i dunno how to translate these uni specific words..

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isadomna · 4 years

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JUAN LUIS VIVES AND CATHERINE OF ARAGON

Juan Luis Vives was a Spanish humanist born in Valencia, the capital of one of the patrimonial states of the Crown of Aragon. He came from a family that had been persecuted by the Inquisition and which may have practised crypto-Judaism. Vives, who had attended the city’s newly founded university, left Spain in 1509. He did not return. He settled first in Paris and continued his studies with scholastic logic, but five years later he moved to Bruges, where he remained until 1516. It was at the court of Brussels that he met Erasmus for the first time and where the ensuing deep and enduring friendship, which became such a central feature in Vives’s life, began. Vives had taken up a position as tutor to Guillaume de Croy, bishop of Cambrai. Vives lived in Louvain, teaching at the Collegium Trilingue, until Croy’s death. By 1521 Vives was already benefitting from a small pension from Queen Catherine of Aragon, Charles V's aunt. At the insistence of his friend Erasmus, Vives prepared an elaborate commentary on Augustine's De Civitate Dei, which was published in 1522 with a dedication to Henry VIII of England.

Apparently impressed, Henry VIII invited him to come to England in 1523 and make it his “scholarly home”. Vives went on to become a popular lecturer at Oxford, “where the King and Queen went to hear him.” When it came time to decide how Princess Mary should be educated, it was Juan Luis Vives to whom Catherine turned for help in designing a course of study. Later she would also seek the aid of Erasmus. Others humanist scholars also contributed to Mary’s education in various ways. Catherine of Aragon commissioned Vives to write De Institutione Feminae Christianae in 1523, shortly before his arrival in England. A book he dedicated to the English queen.

Moved by the holiness of your life and your ardent zeal for sacred studies, I have endeavoured to write something for your Majesty on the education of the Christian Woman … your daughter Mary will read these recommendations and will reproduce them as she models herself on the example of your goodness and wisdom to be found within your home. She will do this assuredly, and unless she alone belies all human expectations, must of necessity be virtuous and holy as the offspring of you and Henry VIII, such a noble and honoured pair.

Queen Catherine produced money for a translation of The Education of a Christian Woman from Latin into English. The English version was reprinted eight times during the sixteenth century. Once Catherine took up the theory of female education, she did not limit herself to its reference to her daughter. She began to form around Mary a school for the daughters of noblemen, on the pattern of that for noblemen’s sons once formed around her brother Juan, and she even persuaded a number of the older ladies of the court, notably her sister-in-law, the Duchess of Suffolk, to resume the study of Latin and take up a course of serious reading. She turned over a copy of Vives’s treatise to Thomas More, whose own daughters were probably the best educated young women of their class in England, and urged him to translate it into English, or to get it translated, so that its ideas might be available to everybody who could take advantage of them.

For the next five years, Vives spent some part of every year in England, lecturing eloquently at Oxford, spending much time at court, and writing joyously on such a variety of subjects that Thomas More professed himself quite abashed before the performance of the younger man. In October 1524, Catherine commissioned Luis Vives to write a more specifc curriculum of study for her seven-year-old daughter. The resulting De Ratione Studii Puerilis (On a Plan of Study for Children) was dedicated to the young princess herself. As Mary got older, Vives advised that Catherine revise her educational program more precisely: “Time will admonish her as to more exact details, and thy singular wisdom will discover for her what they should be.”

Additionally, Vives also often accompanied the Queen to the abbey at Syon on the west side of London of the river Thames. Syon Abbey was renowned as a place of spiritual learning and a regular meeting place of scholars, much favored by the pious Queen. Catherine found in Vives a prudent adviser, a brilliant teacher, a personal friend, and the ideal partner in long, nostalgic, confidential and spirited conversations in their native language. One of those conversations impressed Vives in some particular, mysterious way. From Oxford , on January 25, 1524, Vives wrote to Cranevelt:

At times I was able to have some philosophical talks with the Queen, one of the purest and most Christian souls I have ever seen. Thus, a couple of days ago, on our way by barge to a certain monastery of nuns, we came to talk about adversity and prosperity in this life. The Queen said: “If I could chose between the two, I would prefer an equal share of both, neither complete adversity nor total success. And If I had to choose between extreme sorrow and extreme well-being, I think I would prefer the former to the latter, for people in disgrace need only some consolation while those who are too successful frequently lose their minds.”

In 1528 he forfeited Henry’s favour by opposing the royal divorce from Catherine of Aragon, assisting her with spoken and written advice. The king retaliated by placing Vives and a servant of Catherine under house arrest for six weeks. Both men were interrogated by Wolsey, and Vives was ordered to state his communication with the queen: after a lengthy, idealistic preamble on the sacredness of confidences between individuals, he reluctantly complied. The object of the confinement was to keep Catherine’s advisers away from court, and both she and Vives judged it prudent that he leave the country on his release. Vives returned to Bruges.

He returned to England late in 1528 with two Flemish jurists sent at Catherine’s request from her sister-in-law, Margaret of Austria. However, Vives found himself unpopular with the queen as well as the king: he offered the unpalatable advice that, since it was useless to defend her in the court at Blackfriars, it would be better if she were condemned unheard, since Henry would have difficulty justifying this. Catherine, though ultimately adopting this policy, interpreted his answer as a treacherous refusal to commit himself to her cause. As the king had done, she too stopped the pension she had granted him, and Vives left England for ever. He continued, however, to follow the proceedings, and he gave Catherine a generous encomium in his book named De Oflcio Mariti published in 1529. In the chapter dedicated to choosing a wife he referred to Queen Catherine on the following manner:

“Not in all women all imperfections are present, and in those who have them are not present to the same degree. There were in fact, and there are not in little number, some with a stronger and manlier heart than many men. Abundant amongst the gentile: Cleobulina, Hipparchia, Diotima, Lucretia, Cornelia, Porcia, Cloelia, Sulpicia. But also amongst our martyrs are many women that have bigger eloquence that Athena and more courage than Rome. And Christ wanted that in our time there was an example that will expand through posterity: the example of Catherine of Spain, Queen of England, wife of Henry VIII, about her you can say with greater truth that Valerius said about Lucretia: by an error of Nature, a woman’s body was grace with a male spirit”.

Sources:

María Dowling, Humanist Support for Katherine of Aragon

Garrett Mattingly, Catherine of Aragon

Carlos O. Noreña, Juan Luis Vives

Anna Whitelock, Mary Tudor: Princess, Bastard, Queen

Charles Fantazzi, A Companion to Juan Luis Vives

Leanne Croon Hickman, Katherine of Aragon: A “Pioneer of Women’s Education”? Humanism and Women’s Education in Early Sixteenth Century England.

Giles Tremlett, CATHERINE OF ARAGON Henry’s Spanish Queen

http://emlo-portal.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/collections/?catalogue=juan-luis-vives

#Juan Luis Vives #Catherine of Aragon #Katherine of Aragon #Catalina de Aragón #Luis Vives #Mary Tudor #Mary I of England #Henry VIII #British history #Men in history #women in history

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the-paintrist · 4 years

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Lucas Horenbout - Katharine of Aragon with a monkey - 1525

This is the largest miniature of Henry VIII's first wife. Three other miniatures exist, but two are circular copies of this original; the third is believed to be a companion piece to a miniature of the king. A unique feature of this work is that it includes Katharine's hands. All of Horenbout's other miniatures focused on the head and shoulders. All of his portraits have plain blue backgrounds and are traced with a gold line. Later artists such as Nicholas Hilliard inherited this style and continued it into the 17th century.

Catherine of Aragon (Spanish: Catalina; 16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536) was Queen of England from June 1509 until May 1533 as the first wife of King Henry VIII; she was previously Princess of Wales as the wife of Henry's elder brother, Arthur.

The daughter of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon, Catherine was three years old when she was betrothed to Arthur, Prince of Wales, heir apparent to the English throne. They married in 1501, but Arthur died five months later. She held the position of ambassador of the Aragonese Crown to England in 1507, the first female ambassador in European history. Catherine subsequently married Arthur's younger brother, the recently ascended Henry VIII, in 1509. For six months in 1513, she served as regent of England while Henry VIII was in France. During that time the English crushingly defeated the Scottish at the Battle of Flodden, an event in which Catherine played an important part with an emotional speech about English courage.

By 1525, Henry VIII was infatuated with Anne Boleyn and dissatisfied that his marriage to Catherine had produced no surviving sons, leaving their daughter, the future Mary I of England, as heir presumptive at a time when there was no established precedent for a woman on the throne. He sought to have their marriage annulled, setting in motion a chain of events that led to England's schism with the Catholic Church. When Pope Clement VII refused to annul the marriage, Henry defied him by assuming supremacy over religious matters. In 1533 their marriage was consequently declared invalid and Henry married Anne on the judgement of clergy in England, without reference to the Pope. Catherine refused to accept Henry as Supreme Head of the Church in England and considered herself the King's rightful wife and queen, attracting much popular sympathy. Despite this, she was acknowledged only as Dowager Princess of Wales by Henry. After being banished from court by Henry, she lived out the remainder of her life at Kimbolton Castle, and died there on 7 January 1536 of cancer. The English people held Catherine in high esteem, and her death set off tremendous mourning.

The Education of a Christian Woman by Juan Luis Vives, controversial at its release for promoting that women have the right to an education, was commissioned by and dedicated to her in 1523. Such was Catherine's impression on people that even her enemy, Thomas Cromwell, said of her, "If not for her sex, she could have defied all the heroes of History." She successfully appealed for the lives of the rebels involved in the Evil May Day, for the sake of their families. Catherine also won widespread admiration by starting an extensive programme for the relief of the poor. She was a patron of Renaissance humanism, and a friend of the great scholars Erasmus of Rotterdam and Thomas More.

Lucas Horenbout, often called Hornebolte in England (c.1490/1495–1544), was a Flemish artist who moved to England in the mid-1520s and worked there as "King's Painter" and court miniaturist to King Henry VIII from 1525 until his death. He was trained in the final phase of Netherlandish illuminated manuscript painting, in which his father Gerard was an important figure, and was the founding painter of the long and distinct English tradition of portrait miniature painting. He has been suggested as the Master of the Cast Shadow Workshop, who produced royal portraits on panel in the 1520s or 1530s.

#Lucas Horenbout #flemish #genth #renaissance #miniature #portrait

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mne-bolno · 3 years

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it's been so long since I last wrote smth abt erasmus diary so I'll try to sum up the last two weeks in a post (at least as far as I remember):

mon 18/10 - thu 4/11

• i made a move to the greek guy i like but he dumped me. i apologised the next day and now we're fine but i still find him super cute and funny and wish he liked me back

• i hooked up again with the spanish guy and ended up to his room but at the end he dumped me cause i told him i've never had sex before. it's sad cause i really liked him and had fun with him but nvm

• my belarusian crush started liking my ukrainian neighbour and tbh it really hurts because the other ukrainian girl said that it was obvious that he had a crush on me at first and now idk if it's my fault and what i did wrong and why im not good enough again. and also, he is like my dream boy since i was 16 and at some point i really believed we could have smth. also, his behaviour shows that he still has a little crush on me? idk i just wish i could speak better russian because i think that if we had better communication it would have worked out

• we celebrated an italian's guy birthday at the dorm and it was super fun

• i found in the club a really cute guy which i had seen in the mall and in uni so i decided to make a move and talked to a girl from his company. well, the guy never liked me back (again) but the girl is super pretty and super nice, she kept me in their company all night, she was motivating me to dance with her friend (cause im so shy and i dont like dancing) and she was asking me all the time if i feel comfortable with them. and she drinks way more than me, like she drunk a whole glass of straight vodka and she just told me: don't worry, im polish, i drink like that since i was 14. and we got 5 people into one toilet for her to pee, like we turned the other way and started singing, well the other guys in fact they were singing smth polish, but then i asked them to sing dzins by dawid podsiadlo and it was super nice cause when i was listening to this song last january id never imagine that id sing it with five drunk polish guys in a toilet. and the girl told me to tect her some time and go out to drink together ♥

• me and my protugese friend got drunk in a party and we called our crushes. both got dumped with the phrase ''okay, i'll call you back''. they still havent called us

• met a polish guy in the club, like at first we had intense eye contact and both were like ''come on, talk to me'' but nobody made a move. and it was funny because i was dancing with some turkish guys and they saw what was happening and they were also gesturing to the guy to come and talk to me??? but he never did, so i was like fuck it (and also super drunk) so i went and we started talking and in fact he was really nice?? and then we went outside and talked with his friends as well, they were all nice, they play futsal and we were talking abt football. anyway, i dont really think i'll ever speak with the guy again but it was fun

• i slept in the same room with my belarusian crush. so sad we were in seperate beds, but still it was so nice and intimate cause we were talking until 5am and we also had fairy-lights. he told me he is a nice guy but he wants to seem bad and i told him i do the same thing. and then he told me he knows that i drink too much because im sad and i try to find happiness through alcohol. i told him it is true. again, i wish we could speak the same language and speak more :'(

• i got sick and my belarusian crush brought me hot tea in a cup that his ex gifted him with photos of them together. it was such a nice and cute gesture and the thing with the cup was so hilarious. also, his ukrainian ''girlfriend'' (well, it's my friend too) gave me vitamines and she's so helping and nice. i wish we didnt want the same boy cause i love her but i feel kinda awkward around her

• most of the italians went to krakow last weekend and i was kinda alone so i was going to the greek guys' room to sit and chat and tbh they were much more friendly than the first days. they even asked me to paint their faces for halloween. i have so much fun with them but they never search for my company and i feel kinda silly and like a burden because it's always me that wants to hang around with them

#i think that's all #from tomorrow i'll try to write everyday like i did #erasmus diary

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thebritishmonarchycouk · 4 years

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Historic Royal Signatures

Henry VIII's wives

Katharine of Aragon

We all know about Henry's six wives, and the break from Rome etc, so here I am concentrating on other facts about the Queen, her description & her education & contemporary reputation.

She was Queen of England from June 1509 until May 1533 as the first wife of King Henry VIII.

She was the daughter of Isabella I of Castile & Ferdinand II of Aragon.

Her baptismal name was "Catalina", but "Katherine" was soon the accepted form in England after her marriage to Arthur. She signed her name "Katherine", "Katherina", "Katharine" & sometimes "Katharina". In a letter to her, Arthur, her husband, addressed her as "Princess Katerine". Rarely were names, particularly first names, written in an exact manner during the sixteenth century & it is evident from her own letters that she endorsed different variations. Loveknots built into his various palaces by her husband, Henry VIII, display the initials "H & K", as do other items, including gold goblets, a gold salt cellar, basins of gold, & candlesticks. Her tomb in Peterborough Cathedral is marked "Katharine Queen of England", my preferred spelling.

Katharine was educated by a tutor, Alessandro Geraldini, who was a clerk in Holy Orders. She studied arithmetic, canon & civil law, classical literature, genealogy & heraldry, history, philosophy, religion, & theology. She had a strong religious upbringing & developed her Roman Catholic faith that would play a major role in later life. She learned to speak, read & write in Spanish and Latin, & spoke French & Greek. She was also taught domestic skills, such as cooking, dancing, drawing, embroidery, good manners, lace-making, music, needlepoint, sewing, spinning, & weaving.

For six months in 1513, she served as regent of England while Henry VIII was in France. During that time the English won the Battle of Flodden, an event in which Katharine played an important part with an emotional speech about English courage.

The Education of a Christian Woman by Juan Luis Vives, controversial at its release for promoting that WOMEN have the right to an EDUCATION, was commissioned by and dedicated to her in 1523. Such was Katharine's impression on people that even her enemy, Thomas Cromwell, said of her, "If not for her sex, she could have defied all the heroes of History." She successfully appealed for the lives of the rebels involved in the Evil May Day, for the sake of their families. Katharine also won widespread admiration by starting an extensive programme for the relief of the poor. She was a patron of Renaissance humanism, & a friend of the great scholars Erasmus of Rotterdam & Thomas More.

Katharine was of a very fair complexion, had blue eyes, & had a hair colour that was between reddish-blonde & auburn. In her youth she was described as "the most beautiful creature in the world" & that there was "nothing lacking in her that the most beautiful girl should have". Thomas More and Lord Herbert would reflect later in her lifetime that in regard to her appearance "there were few women who could compete with the Queen [Katharine] in her prime."

She was descended, on her maternal side, from the House of Lancaster, an English royal house; her great-grandmother Catherine of Lancaster, after whom she was named, & her great-great-grandmother Philippa of Lancaster were both daughters of John of Gaunt & granddaughters of Edward III of England. Consequently, she was third cousin of her father-in-law, Henry VII of England, & fourth cousin of her mother-in-law Elizabeth of York.

Katharine was pregnant six times altogether;

▪️On 31 January 1510, she delivered a stillborn girl

▪️A son, Henry, Duke of Cornwall, was born on 1 January 1511, On 22 February 1511, after only 52 days of life, the young prince died suddenly. It was said that he died of an intestinal complaint.

▪️On 17 September 1513, she went into labour prematurely & gave birth to a boy who was either stillborn or died shortly after birth.

▪️In December 1514, she gave birth to a short lived boy.

▪️On 18 February 1516, Katharine delivered a healthy girl. She was named Mary (later Mary I).

▪️ On 10 November 1518 she gave birth to a daughter at 8 months gestation, but the child was weak & lived only a few hours.

▪️By 1525, Henry VIII was infatuated with Anne Boleyn & dissatisfied that his marriage to Katharine had produced no surviving sons. In 1533 their marriage was consequently declared invalid & Henry married Anne on the judgement of clergy in England, without reference to the Pope. Katharine refused to accept Henry as Supreme Head of the Church in England & considered herself the King's rightful wife & queen, attracting much popular sympathy. Despite this, she was acknowledged only as Dowager Princess of Wales by Henry. After being banished from court by Henry, she lived out the remainder of her life at Kimbolton Castle, & died there on 7 January 1536 of cancer. The English people held Katharine in high esteem, & her death set off tremendous mourning.

Recommend books at Book Depository with Free worldwide delivery

In the Footsteps of the Six Wives of Henry VIII by Natalie Grueninger

And

Catherine of Aragon by Amy Licence

#britishmonarchy #royalfamily #britishroyals #monarchy #royal #thequeen #hermajesty #thebritishmonarchy #TUDOR #Tudors #the tudors #House of Tudor #henryviii #henry viii #Catherine of Aragon #katharine of aragon

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blindrapture · 4 years

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I probably find this way cooler than it really is, but look, James Joyce doodled Leopold Bloom at some point!!! He wrote next to it in the original Greek, "Tell me, Muse, of that manyminded man, who wandered far and wide."

I’ll also take this time to share some stuff about Bloom. For purposes of relative convenience: The “present day” in Ulysses is June 16/17, 1904.

General Bloom Information: - His father was Rudolf Virag, Jewish, from Szombathely, Hungary. Virag had spent the 1850s/60s migrating westward and finally settled in Dublin shortly before his son’s birth. Leopold’s earliest memory of his father is of hearing the story of this migration, following the path on a map. Vienna, Budapest, Milan, Florence, London, Dublin. give or take. (Rudolf’s father was Lipoti Virag-- Leopold’s namesake.) - His mother was Ellen Higgins, Irish Protestant, daughter of another Hungarian Jew by the name of Julius Karoly who migrated to Dublin and married Irish-- Fanny Hegarty was the name of Leopold’s maternal grandmother. they took on the name Higgins in lieu of the more foreign-sounding Karoly, and speaking of... - Shortly after Rudolf Virag married Ellen, he changed his name to Rudolph Bloom. “Virag” means “flower,” that’s where the name came from. He also converted to Protestantism, though there’s some heavy implications that the Society for Converting Jews had coerced him with food. And it’s around this point that his son was born.

Leopold’s Life: - Full name Leopold Paula Bloom. Born in Clanbrassil Street, Portobello, Dublin, in 1866. - Leopold attended the Erasmus Smith High School until he was 16, where he got an interest in the sciences and developed his distaste with the Protestant Church (who funded the high school). He also dressed as a woman for a school play, and that may have sparked a long-standing deep affinity in him wherein he imagines what it’s like to be a woman, in contentment. - He spent some years working for the family business as a commercial traveller, walking about with orderbook. I couldn’t tell you specifically what it is they sold, though I feel like that information is in the book somewhere. At some point, the family also had some sort of significant ownership of a hotel. - Mother Ellen died of illness in 1886, and father Rudolph poisoned himself out of heartbreak a week later in the hotel, leaving a letter for his just-barely-adult son. - Leopold met Spanish-Irish singer Marion “Molly” Tweedy at... a place and time I honestly can’t tell you right this minute (but is probably in the book somewhere). At the time, Molly was big on the poetry of Lord Byron, and she thought Leopold bore a striking resemblance to the poet. He tried writing a poem for her, it was really silly and not very good. But they remained in each other’s social circles, Leopold charmed the hell out of her, they fell in love and got married in 1888. - Their first child, daughter Millicent (”Milly”), was born in 1889. On June 16, 1904, she is fifteen years old and away at Mullingar to study and work in the photography business. - Their second child, son Rudolph (”Rudy”), was born in December 1893, and died eleven days later in January 1894. Leopold and Molly ceased having sexual intercourse after this, indicative of a powerful grief which, by the “present day,” has lasted ten and a half years. - With Molly, Leopold has lived in a few spots across Dublin. During 1893-94, they stayed in the City Arms Hotel, as it was nearby to the cattlemarket, where Leopold worked for a Mr. Joseph Cuffe as a clerk (until he was fired because he kept giving opinions on civic development, whereupon he sent Molly to go and try and seduce him to get the job back. that did not work). The cattlemarket job comes up a lot in Bloom’s thoughts. It had a slaughterhouse on-site, which he detested. - At.. some point (???) after this, the family moved into the middle-class neighbourhood of Eccles Street, into house number 7. It is there that they remain by the “present day.” - Bloom has a library of something like 23 books at home (none of which I, Jordan, have read). They range from travelogues (In the Track of the Sun: Readings from the Diary of a Globe Trotter) to history books (History of the Russo-Turkish War) to practical (Thom’s Dublin Post Office Directory, 1886) to trite (Physical Strength and How to Obtain It) and scientific (A Handbook of Astronomy). - His wife, on the other hand, reads steamy sexy romance stories and pulp fiction, which Bloom frequently picks up for her on the cheap. With titles like Ruby: the Pride of the Ring, Fair Tyrants, and The Sweets of Sin, Molly flips through these within a couple days and judges them based on whether or not there’s any smut in it. The Sweets of Sin, in particular, is one name to keep track of if you decide to read Ulysses. - But most of Leopold’s critical reading comes with the newspaper-- he has an eye for advertisements and Opinions about how good or bad different ads are (Potted meat? Advertised just above the list of deaths? How tasteless!). By the time of the “present,” he’s got a job working for the Freeman’s Journal and National Press as an ad canvasser, so he needs to work with clients in representing their businesses with good ad design. - The household is economically secure for its time. Bloom has enough in savings. (This one is meant to be figured out by the reader, but uh, price inflation and changing of currencies and living standards has fogged it a bit.) - In the “present day,” Bloom is 39 years old, and five foot nine, and of slightly above-average physical build (even if he doesn’t think it).

I’ve been contemplating what else, exactly, to include here ever since I started making this post. There’s really many entries I could make. But I think a lot of them fall closer to legit Themes which the book deals with, and I think I’ll leave this post general. There are details about Leopold, after all, which are better off uncovered by the reader more gradually, allowed to evolve in a contrapuntal puzzling tension, allowed to be Figured Out. The Plots and Subplots, you could say.

But Bloom. Bloom endures. He is a character I cannot forget. Not everything about him is given to us; his life story is “spotty” in parts if you try to put it all down in black-and-white, but what is there is given with such precision and integrated with such... structure that I do think is comparable with ancient epic poetry.

..and, hey, if you do read Ulysses and don’t want to have to rely on my own spotty commentary, this website can help you with context.

#ulysses #maybe next time i'll make a post about the various characters who come from joyce's dubliners book #not only is ulysses technically a sequel to portrait of the artist as a young man #but it's deeply connected with every joyce book!#joyce's books were all in the same canon!#which sounds a bit silly because they were *meant* to be like real life and all #but no they're still fundamentally fictional. the seams are still there. there's still a man behind the curtain.#and that man behind the curtain still went and tied all his books together. went and wove a tapestry of canon.#that's all for now. i'm gonna pass out.

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eppastrainee-blog · 4 years

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Introduction

Hello everybody,

My name is Thibaut, I am French and I am currently doing a traineeship at Eppas !

I came to Prague on the 30th of January and will be around until the end of May.

I have been working at Eppas for 2 weeks and already had quite various tasks. Between the communication, the administration, the accommodation and some organisation tasks, I don’t really have much time to be bored 😄

From now on, I will try to post 2 times a month about what it is like to be a trainee at Eppas and to work with Martin, Juraj and Martina !

(spoiler : it’s pretty nice)

So perhaps in future posts you’ll may be hearing about the migraine and flu plants, the inside jokes, the wall of fame, the vegan stuff, Martin’s bikes and more 😉

What I have learned

But before that, let’s make a summary of what I’ve learned at Eppas and from the many discussions that I had with its members since now :

The accommodations can be a nightmare to manage

Louis de Funès’ movies were very popular in Czech Republic and Slovakia during the 90’s and 2000’s, so a lot of people knows him here

Some useful czech words like “do piči” or “kurwa”, if you don’t know what they mean I let you find for yourself 😏

Some band names like Little Big

The term “traineeship“ is more relevant than “internship” for the erasmus+ program

How to say “Hey” and “Bye” in a lot of ways

But I can also witness how they sometimes manage to take care of so many traineeships without so much time and the issues that they have to face on a daily basis.

See you

Looking forward to share news with you in the future, see you soon everybody 😊

Cześć ! (is like the equivalent of “Ahoj” in Polish)

#erasmus+#louis de funes #little big

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gametriprant · 5 years

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Repeating Andorra and Amsterdam

So in December, thanks to the holidays, shifts and vacation days I could not take before, I didn't work at all.

Since December 1st until January 7th I had vacations. So that was very nice.

I spent most of it in Barcelona with a close friend that was visiting, and it was pretty awesome. However, I did a couple of trips worth mentioning.

First, during the first week, we all went to Andorra. Not sure if I mentioned before, but Andorra is this little country on the Pirinees, quite isolated, where people go to ski in winter mostly. Other seasons it has amazing trails and mountains, but in winter it's like a huge ski resort. So we went to spend some time there.

The place was nice and we had fun, but the previous time I had visited was in summer and it was soo much better, because of the lack of people. Andorra is pretty tiny and in the middle of huge mountains, so the cities, the streets, the roads, etc, are rather small. The main road has one lane in plenty of sections. The towns are narrow and steep. So, the moment it's a bit overcrowded, massive lines are formed everywhere and it's really hard to move, to park, to do anything really...

The place we were staying in was really good, and what we visited was nice, but as a driver the feeling I got was that for most of the trip I was stuck in the car or having to keep controlling the gears and waiting for cars to move, in steep narrow roads. It was a bit stressful.

We did manage to ski, and this time I tried skis. The snowboard last time was a bit frustrating, I didn't manage to control it at all, so this time I tried the skis, with no class or anything just to see how it was. After the experience I can say that it's harder to brake, which means it's more dangerous, but at the same time it was easier to grasp some basics and I managed to go down with them as I wanted, so that was really good. I have to say though that the boots were horrible and hurt a lot, but oh well. Actually after this trip I went back to another mountain and finally managed to control better the snowboard, and I think using skis also helped to understand better how to move around snow in general.

The tracks were pretty amazing, and the mountains looked really pretty, but also it was not that cold nor there was a lot of snow, which is normal for the time of the year.

Apart from skiing we visited the towns, went to caldea (the local spa, very nice ) and enjoyed our time there, it's just that we spent a lot of it on the car.

Special mention to the trip back, which was nightmarish thanks to stupid Spanish border control just allowing one lane to go out, which means a big big traffic jam before reaching that point, for kilometers and kilometers.

So, after Andorra, which was more like a family trip, I went to Amsterdam (which was not).

I've been to Amsterdam 2 times before this one. The first one was with my high school and it was a...mind-opening trip, let's say. It was really awesome and we had tons of fun. Also, the high school banned trips to Amsterdam afterwards, a clear sign of a good trip :p . After this one, I went back there with some Erasmus people while I was in Sweden, and at that time it felt weird and not as fun, but it was ok.

Anyway Amsterdam always felt really beautiful, really friendly and with a special magic atmosphere of freedom somehow, so when deciding what to visit someone proposed this city and I loved the idea.

It was my third time and I was not disappointed. The streets and channels, the little houses that cannot be made very tall, the Christmas lights, the atmosphere, it was beautiful. We just walked around without visiting anything special, and just enjoying the city, and it was pretty awesome. We were staying in a very centric and cosy place, and we ate and drank and just relaxed, without hurries. It was really cold though, but its normal for these dates too.

One of the nights we went out with a local friend and it was one of the best nights I've had in a long time. We first spend time at his place, then a little walk on the red light district (he lives there so we just walked around his house), and then went to a weird club that had an underground area, dark and foggy and with threatening electronic music...the visuals were like something out of Silent Hill, and the music was electronic but dark and heavy and thick. It was spectacular and we had a lot of fun. We left late, and just then it started snowing, adding to this eerie feeling that was great

It was so good that we'd definitely like to go back (but when it's warmer please).

#Andorra #Amsterdam #long post #trip

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hazel-studies · 6 years

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Erasmus in Tenerife

I’ve just arrived in La Laguna, Tenerife for a semester to study abroad. My college term starts the 24th of January until the 22nd of December.

Just wondering would anyone be interested in posts about maybe studying in a different language, different school systems, adjusting to college life and culture abroad? Really just anything to do with Erasmus and moving abroad to a different country really.

I just thought it would be a nice way to document my experience and feelings while also maybe helping others.

If any one knows any other Erasmus study blogs or you are one, I would love to give a follow to see your experiences! xx

#erasmus #study #abroad #studying #school #studyblr #books #exams #studyspo #homework #study motivation #notes #tenerife #college #international #student #studyabroad

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pooma-bible · 3 years

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Courtesy: Mrs. Sumathi Manohara

On 6 October 1536, William Tyndale, fondly called 'Father of the English Bible' was strangled and burned at the stake after being tried and convicted of heresy and for translating the Bible into English.

William Tyndale was born in 1494 at Melksham Court, Stinchcombe, a village near Dursley, Gloucestershire. The Tyndale family also went by the name Hychyns (Hitchins), and it was as William Hychyns that Tyndale was enrolled at Magdalen Hall, Oxford.

Forty years before his birth, two important events occurred in Europe which would have a great impact on Tyndale's life and work. In May, 1453, the Turks had stormed Constantinople, and the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire fell to the Moslem invaders. Greek scholars fled westward and brought with them a scholarship which had been almost forgotten in the West. Greek language studies of the classics increased, and the Scriptures began to be studied in the original Greek, rather than the Latin Vulgate.

The invention of the printing press in 1454 was a second important development. The printing press would eliminate copyist errors and make the Scriptures more easily available in quantity editions.

In an attempt to restrain the influence of Wycliffe's followers, in 1408 Parliament had passed the "Constitutions of Oxford" which forbade anyone translating or reading a part of the Bible in the language of the people without permission of the ecclesiastical authorities. Men and women were even burned for teaching their children the Apostles' Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the Ten Commandments in English.

In 1506, William, age twelve, entered Magdalen School, the equivalent of a preparatory grammar school located inside Magdalen College at Oxford. After two years at Magdalen School, Tyndale entered Magdalen College, where he learned grammar, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music, rhetoric, logic, and philosophy. He also made rapid progress in languages under the finest classical scholars in England. He earned a bachelor's degree in 1512. He enrolled into M.A. course which allowed him to study theology, but the official course did not include the systematic study of Scripture. As Tyndale later complained: "They have ordained that no man shall look on the Scripture, until he be noselled in heathen learning eight or nine years and armed with false principles, with which he is clean shut out of the understanding of the Scripture".

Tyndale earned his master's degree in 1515. Before leaving Oxford, Tyndale was ordained into the priesthood. He was held to be a man of virtuous disposition, leading an unblemished life. He was a gifted linguist and became fluent over the years in French, Greek, Hebrew, German, Italian, Latin, and Spanish, in addition to English. Between 1517 and 1521, he went to the University of Cambridge. Erasmus had been the leading teacher of Greek there from August 1511 to January 1512, but not during Tyndale's time at the university.

William Tyndale discovered the doctrine of "Justification by Faith" when he read Erasmus's Greek edition of the New Testament. He became a tutor for the children of Sir John Walsh at little Sudbury Manor. Walsh often entertained the local clergy at his table. Sitting with them, the scholarly Tyndale was appalled at the lack of knowledge the clergy had of the Scriptures. In one heated exchange with a clergyman, he exclaimed, “If God spare my life, ere many years pass, I will cause a boy that driveth the plough shall know more of the Scriptures than thou dost.”

The words of Erasmus: "Christ desires his mysteries to be published abroad as widely as possible. I would that [the Gospels and the epistles of Paul] were translated into all languages, of all Christian people, and that they might be read and known." kindled a passion along with the doctrine of "Justification by Faith" in the heart of William Tyndale, to translate and place the Scriptures in the hands of the English people.

With this unquenchable passion to make the Bible available to every Englishman, William Tyndale went to London and requested Bishop Tunstall if he could be authorised to make an English translation of the Bible, but the Bishop would not grant his approval. Tyndale realized that England would never be evangelized using Latin Bibles. He came to see that "it was impossible to establish the lay people in any truth, except the Scripture were laid before their eyes in their mother tongue." With encouragement and support of some British merchants, at the age of 30 he left England as a fugitive in 1524 and sailed for Germany. England’s religious and political leaders launched a propaganda war against him. Tyndale replied by publishing pamphlets.

In Hamburg, he worked on the New Testament, and in Cologne, he found a printer who would print the work and smuggled back into England. However, news of Tyndale's activity came to an opponent of the Reformation who had the press raided. Tyndale himself managed to escape with the pages already printed and made his way to the German city Worms where the New Testament was soon published. Six thousand copies were printed and smuggled into England. But it was banned. The English Bishops did everything they could to eradicate the Bibles. Bishop Tunstall had copies ceremoniously burned at St. Paul's; the Archbishop of Canterbury bought up copies to destroy them. Tyndale used the money to print improved editions!

In response to objections to translating the Bible into English, Tyndale answered, “They say our tongue is too rude. It is not so. Greek and Hebrew go more easily into English than into Latin. Has not God made the English tongue as well as others? They [allow] you to read in English of Robin Hood, Bevis of Hampton, Hercules, Troilus, and a thousand ribald or filthy tales. It is only the Scripture that is forbidden. It is therefore clearer than the sun that this forbiddal [forbidding] is not for love of your souls, which they care for as the fox doth for the geese.”

On 2 October 1528, Tyndale responded with "The Obedience of a Christian Man", a pamphlet arguing that a good Christian obeys the king in so far as the king obeys God. He supported his points from the Bible, declared that Scripture is the Christian’s final authority in matters of faith, and attacked teachings such as salvation by works. He wrote: "The church of Christ is the multitude of all those who believe in Christ for the remission of sins, and who are thankful for that mercy and who love the law of God purely, and who hate the sin in this world and long for the life to come". A copy of Tyndale's "The Obedience of a Christian Man" fell into the hands of Henry VIII, providing the King with the rationale to break the Church in England from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534.

John West, a friar, was dispatched from England to the Continent to apprehend the fugitive Tyndale and bring him back. West landed at Antwerp, dressed in civilian attire, and began hunting for Tyndale. He scoured the cities and interrogated printers. Sensing the pressure, Tyndale remained in Marburg. He spent the time teaching himself Hebrew, a language that had not been taught in the English universities when Tyndale was a student. With this new skill, Tyndale began translating the Pentateuch from Hebrew into English.

In 1529, Tyndale moved from Marburg to Antwerp. This thriving city offered him good printing, sympathetic fellow Englishmen, and a direct supply route to England. Under this new cover, he completed his translation of the five books of Moses, but he felt the danger was too great to stay in this large city. He realized that the Pentateuch must be printed elsewhere. So Tyndale boarded a ship to sail to the mouth of the Elbe River in Germany and then to Hamburg. But a severe storm struck the ship and it was wrecked off the coast of Holland. Tragically, his books, writings, and the Pentateuch translation were lost at sea. He had to start the work from scratch.

Tyndale eventually made his way to Hamburg. There he was received into the home of the von Emersons, a family with strong sympathies for the Reformation. In this protective environment, Tyndale undertook the laborious effort of retranslating the Pentateuch from the Hebrew language. This task took from March to December 1529. In January 1530, the five books of Moses in English were printed in Antwerp, then smuggled into England and distributed.

In 1535, Tyndale, was finally found by an Englishman who pretended to be his friend but then turned him over to the authorities. He was arrested and jailed in the castle of Vilvoorde (Filford) outside Brussels for over a year. Tyndale’s work was denounced by authorities of the Catholic Church and was brought to trial for heresy -- for believing, among other things, in the forgiveness of sins and that the mercy offered in the Gospel was enough for salvation.

In early August 1536, Tyndale was condemned as a heretic, degraded from the priesthood, and delivered to the secular authorities for punishment.

On Friday, October 6, 1536 after local officials took their seats, Tyndale was brought to the cross in a small town in Belgium. He was given a chance to recant and he refused to do so. Then he was bound to the beam, and both an iron chain and a rope were put around his neck. Gunpowder was added to the brush and logs. At the signal of a local official, the executioner, standing behind Tyndale, quickly tightened the noose, strangling him. Then an official took up a lighted torch and handed it to the executioner, who set the wood ablaze. Thus William Tyndale was burned alive at the stake publicly for denouncing the false teachings of the Catholic Church and for preaching, translating, printing and circulating the scriptures in English language. English historian John Foxe records that as William Tyndale burnt to death, his last words were "Lord, open the King of England's eyes!"

His prayer was answered first in part when three years later, in 1539, Henry VIII required every parish church in England to make a copy of the English Bible available to its parishioners. Today, Tyndale's prayer is fully answered, not only are the King's eyes opened, but the Bible a universal instrument.

In 1611, the 54 scholars who produced the King James Bible drew significantly from Tyndale, as well as from translations that descended from his. Today, 90% of the King James Version of the Holy Bible and 75% of the Revised Standard Version are from the translation made by Tyndale. It is largely due to his labours, and many of the very phrases you read in it retain the flavour of his understanding of the Greek and Hebrew.

John Foxe went so far as to call him "the Apostle of England." There is no doubt that by his monumental work, Tyndale changed the course of English history and Western civilization. Steven Lawson calls William Tyndale as "Prince of Translators".

Biographer Brian Edwards, states that not only was Tyndale "the heart of the Reformation in England," he "was the Reformation in England." Because of his powerful use of the English language in his Bible, this Reformer has been called "the father of modern English."

https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/prince-translators-william-tyndale

http://www.tyndale.org/tyndale.htm

https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/people/scholarsandscientists/william-tyndale.html

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Tyndale

https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/william-tyndale

https://www.desiringgod.org/messages/always-singing-one-note-a-vernacular-bible

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skadithegoddess · 6 years

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So,

I just wanted to sit down and write to you guys about some news in my life.

Recently I got a new job as a waitress in a restaurant only during big events like weddings, birthdays, baptisms etc. I had my first experience on Saturday night. I was sooo stressed but it turned out well. The staff was very nice to me and thanks God I didn’t drop anything. It was very tiring but my motivation here is money money money so not gonna complain!

During the past few weeks, I’ve been building an application for the European program Erasmus. For those who don’t know what it is about, it’s basically an exchange of students from one university/school to another in different cities of Europe. The main goals are for students to become totally bilingual and to open their minds. That’s why I completely freaked out in January during the exams period, I was scared to fail this semester but I eventually did pretty well and ended up with a good average. In the application, we had to choose 4 cities in order of preference and the teachers would give the results according to grades, motivation and attendance at classes. I chose Newcastle (England), Falun (Sweden), Dublin and Trondheim (Norway). I had a feeling I wouldn’t be chosen for my first wish because I have a good average but several people are way better. AND I HAD THE RESULTS TODAY………… I’M GOING TO NEWCASTLE!!!

I can’t express how relieved and happy and proud of myself I am. I’m leaving on September until January and the icing on the cake is that my friend has been accepted as well!! This is the perfect scenario and I still can’t believe it’s happening!!! Hopefully I’ll come back bilingual and I’ll stop making mistakes when I write 😂😂.

On a less happy note, I have some families’ issues with my father who left us 6 years ago. He is abusive, a pathological liar and a very good manipulator. I haven’t seen him since 2013. In the meantime, I learned (not from him) that he married another woman and has a daugther with her. I don’t even know her name. But I’m completely ok with that, I want nothing to do with him and his new family. The problem is that he doesn’t want to leave my mother, my little brother and me in peace. The house my mother lives in belongs to her and my father since they bought it together. He wants to sell it but my mother doesn’t have the money to buy another. Thankfully, he can’t force anything because he has never paid the maintenance allowance (not sure if it’s the right word) he owes us. He said he doesn’t have the money lmao… He left with more than 60.000 euros on an account so I’m wondering where the money is huh… Oh and I learned last week that he disinherited my brother and me. According to him, “we never tried to reach out to him so we’ll never get the chance to see the color of his money and belongings”…. I laughed when I heard that. So pathetic.

It’s not very serious but he is tiring my mother psychologically and it makes me so mad. But she is strong, and she has a lot of support around her. We’ll get through this and I can’t wait for the day when my father won’t be a problem anymore. When they say “to be a healthy family, a man (the father) and a woman (the mother) are needed” I just want to scream at their faces. This is utter bullshit. My family is way healthier since my father left and before that, it was healthier when he wasn’t there.

Apologies for the long post 🧡🧡🧡

#long post #i don't usually do this #but i wanted to #makes things more real i guess #i love you guys #about me

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justlawsolicitors · 3 years

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What now for UK Citizens who wish to live and work in Spain post Brexit?

Now that the transition period has ended and the United Kingdom has left the European Union it will more difficult for UK citizens to obtain a work permit here in Spain.

Although the Post Brexit Agreement guarantees the rights of the 250,000 British residents in Spain and that of the 184,000 Spanish people living in the United Kingdom. Spaniards (Health, taxes …) although the bureaucratic procedures are a bit more complicated, A further issue for people cruising the English Channel is the validation of diplomas, obtaining a residence permit, a visa or the disappearance of the Erasmus + Program, which represents new barriers for professionals and students.

In any case, before making the decision to come to live and / or work in Spain, the UK citizens must appraise themselves as to the new conditions because there are still many aspects to be developed and negotiated in the post-Brexit world.

It is also relevant that just over 50,000 British residents in Spain have already requested the exchange of their green NIE for a Spanish TIE residence card and they have until June 30 2021 if they can prove that they were in Spain prior to June 31 December 2020.

Visa and points system

The first relevant difference is that as of January 1, 2021, Britons who want to stay in Spanish territory (and the rest of the European Union) for a period of more than 90 days must obtain a visa. In this sense, English tourists will be able to circulate freely once the covid19 crisis ends.

So, what avenues are left for the British who want to settle in Spain after January 1, 2021? In Spain, there are more than 20 types of residence and work permits.

Those who have an EU citizen as a partner have it easier, but the rest can choose three specific routes:

a) the so-called “Golden Visa” program for those who, since 2013, have or plan to acquire properties in Spain over 500,000 euros will be able to access a residence and work permit;

b) Those entrepreneurs who want to start their business project in Spain thus obtaining residency proving an investment and the creation of jobs

c) and, in the case of retired people, the “non-profit visa” or “retirement” with which they can live without restrictions in Spain, although the beneficiary will be strictly prohibited from working.

Other cases are those of those people who have a highly qualified job offer, associated with new technology, university graduates, management positions in large companies, etc, and with a salary of more than 40,000 euros per year. Therefore, this would not be the way to apply for work and residence permits for jobs such as waitresses or secretaries as these types of jobs are not considered highly qualified, preference is given to residents of Spain. Thus, from now on, if you want to hire a British person, you must first prove that, in Spain, there is no resident person who meets the conditions of the job you offer.

Regarding the issue of entrepreneurs and businessmen, it must be borne in mind that “the Government is free to evaluate each project” and decide on the work and residence permit. For it to have guarantees of success, it must be a program which is in the interests of Spain, either because of the jobs it is going to create, the investment, or that it attracts talent to the country, etc …

In this sense, citizens of the United Kingdom are in the same boat as citizens of Canada or the United States, compared to our community partners such as Germany or France who are free to reside in Spain without further requirements.

Professionals such as architects, doctors, nurses or engineers who previously could practice directly in Spanish (or community) territory without prior procedures will now have to undergo a validation of their studies to be able to practice their profession here.

Nor will British students be able to benefit from the Erasmus program, however those who were already studying before December 31, 2020 can continue participating in the program until the end date.

In any case, Prime Minister Boris Johnson has already announced that he will launch his own version: the “Turing Program”, although there are still many unknowns.

If you need a visa or help with purchasing a property or business in Spain I have 30 years of legal experience. Myself and my team can help online and in person. We have native English speaking lawyers.

Marisa Moreno Senior Lawyer and Consul for Denmark

native english speaking lawyers, est. 1992 everything from an NIE number to a property purchase.

Www.justlawsolicitors.com

#spain #abogado #lawyer #costa del sol #spanish #residency #work in spain #live in spain #retire to. spain #autonomo in spain #self employed in spain #post brexit spain #residency residencia #just law solicitors #Marisa Moreno #spanish property

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freenewstoday · 3 years

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New Post has been published on https://freenews.today/2020/12/29/britain-mourns-a-cherished-education-exchange-program-ended-by-brexit/

Britain Mourns a Cherished Education Exchange Program Ended by Brexit

After his university in Scotland shut down in the spring because of the coronavirus, forcing him to study online from home, Jack Boag kept up his spirits by dreaming of what awaited him in the coming academic year: a semester abroad at the University of Amsterdam.

But his hopes of participating in the European Union-wide student exchange program known as Erasmus were dashed last week after Britain and Europe finally reached a Brexit deal. As part of the announcement, Prime Minister Boris Johnson said that Britain would withdraw from Erasmus, citing its high costs.

“For me, Erasmus was the most direct benefit of European cooperation,” said Mr. Boag, a 20-year-old history and international relations student at the University of Aberdeen. “That’s gone.”

For many young people in Britain, the decision to withdraw from Erasmus is just the most recent step in a steady erosion of such possibilities since the country voted in 2016 to leave the European Union. Once able to study and work anywhere in the European Union without a visa, young Britons will now be treated like people from any other country outside the bloc when it comes to applying for educational programs — or jobs.

The withdrawal is also a blow for Britain’s vaunted universities, a powerful symbol of its soft power in Europe and around the world, and an important source of income for the country. Britain remains second only to the United States as a destination for international students, but leaving Erasmus could deter many E.U. students who might have used the program as a pathway to a British education.

While this may not affect renowned institutions like Oxford or Cambridge, scores of lesser-known universities could suffer a blow.

Many young people and academics had hoped that Britain would remain part of Erasmus under a status that allows the participation of nonmember states like Turkey and Norway. Mr. Johnson said in January that there was “no threat to the Erasmus scheme.”

So his announcement on Thursday sent shock waves through universities, angered diplomats, and upset British students and professors who have benefited from the program.

“There will be a relative loss of income for British universities, but from a diplomatic and ambassadorial point of view, the loss is invaluable,” said Seán Hand, the vice president in charge of Europe at the University of Warwick, the second-largest source of Erasmus students from Britain.

Britain’s departure from Erasmus, one of the most popular programs in the European Union, may be one of the starkest signs of its divorce from the bloc, a clear signal of its vision for its future relationship with its former partners.

“Erasmus opens people’s horizons and broadens their conceiving of the world,” said John O’Brennan, a professor of European studies at the University of Maynooth in Ireland, where he leads a European integration program financed by Erasmus. “If that’s not the embodiment of the European ideal, I don’t know what it is.”

While exchanges will still be possible between British and European universities through bilateral agreements, British students will not benefit from the monthly grants supplied by Erasmus, now officially known as Erasmus+. It will also be harder for academics and teachers to train or teach abroad.

Students and academics who have secured funds before the Brexit transition period ends on Dec. 31 will be able to go abroad until the end of the 2021-22 academic year, according to Universities U.K., a representative group for the country’s academic institutions.

Since its introduction in 1987, Erasmus has sent millions of people abroad for study exchanges, work placements or traineeships. About 200,000 students participate in the program every year. Alumni often speak fondly of the experience, which they see as the most tangible form of European integration: a way to discover new cultures, study other languages, and make lifelong connections.

“Erasmus is not only the student exchange program it’s known for, it’s also embedded in how the European Union thinks about confronting unemployment and mobility,” said Paul James Cardwell, a law professor at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow who participated in the program in the 1990s.

In Britain, half of the students who study abroad do so through Erasmus. For many, it has shaped personal paths and provided an accessible way to feel connected to mainland Europe.

Ben Munster, a 25-year-old British freelance writer who studied in Italy in 2015 and has since moved to Rome, called Erasmus the “purest and most vivid expression of the Schengen dream,” referring to the European Union’s passport-free travel zone.

Natalia Barbour, a 22-year-old international communications student at the University of Glasgow who studied in Amsterdam for a semester, said she had wanted to participate since she was in high school. “It makes the university experience more exciting,” she said.

“Everyone wins from it, including professors,” said Mark Berry, a professor in music history at Royal Holloway University of London, who taught in the Netherlands through Erasmus in 2015. “I’d wish I had done more of that when it was still possible.”

In 2019, Britain welcomed over 30,000 students and trainees through the program.

“So many students come to Britain and go home with a positive experience,” said Mr. Cardwell, the University of Strathclyde professor. “It’s such a strong aspect of Britain’s soft power.”

British lawmakers who supported staying in the program wrote in a report last year that opting out would disproportionately affect people from disadvantaged backgrounds and those with medical needs or disabilities.

They also warned that it would be difficult to replace it.

Under the current 2014-20 Erasmus+ program, Britain has contributed around 1.8 billion euros, or $2.2 billion, and has received €1 billion, according to the Department for Education.

Mr. Johnson said last week that a program named after the mathematician Alan Turing would replace Erasmus+ and that it would allow students “to go to the best universities in the world.” Starting in September 2021, it will provide funding for around 35,000 students to study abroad, at an annual cost of £100 million. British professors and students from foreign universities would not be eligible for the program.

Britain, however, will still receive funding from the European Union’s research and innovation program, Horizon 2020, of which it is the second largest recipient.

Universities U.K. welcomed the Turing program, but other experts called the move shortsighted.

“This will be felt in 20 years,” Mr. O’Brennan of the University of Maynooth said. “Britain has miscalculated what it receives from this program.”

Many universities have said they would keep close ties with Europe.

“European universities don’t want the link to be broken, for them it’s very important that their students keep coming to Britain,” said Mr. Hand, at the University of Warwick.

For British alumni of the program, the end of Erasmus marked the end of an era — one when they could not only study abroad easily, but also travel across Spain, learn to ski in Austria, or dance at a festival in Denmark.

“That’s what Erasmus is about: It taught me how to appreciate wine and cheese, how to take the time to socialize through hourslong lunches,” said Katy Jones, a 28-year-old who went to France as an Erasmus student and runs an English-language program in Lyon.

Mr. Boag, the student in Aberdeen, who is in the third year of a four-year program, said he hoped to apply to postgraduate programs in continental Europe, but that he worried about additional hurdles that have yet to be made clear.

“For Erasmus and so many other things, Brexit is a Pandora’s box,” he said. “We don’t know what’s inside yet, because we’ve just opened it.”

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