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writing-with-olive · 3 years

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How to write essays fast

I've been writing a lot of papers, so that's what's on my mind.

So this mostly applies to your standard 5-paragraph paper, though it's fairly straightforward to adapt it to longer (or sometimes shorter) assignments.

One of the main things to note is that essays are VERY formulaic, so knowing the formula and being able to write down your ideas in a way that fit into the formula is probably the number one way to get stuff done fast. Because of that, most of what I’m covering is breaking down the formulas so they’re more accessable.

Also this got very long. If there’s anything you want me to expand on just let me know in the comments or send me an ask/DM and I’ll make another post that goes more in-depth about it.

Structure (I hate this step, so I’ve figured out how to do it very fast becuase it’s still important)

The first thing to consider is prewriting and structure. To start, there are two major paper structures I usually consider. The first goes

Introduction

Main point #1

Main point #2

Main point #3

Conclusion

This is good if you have a lot to say on the topic, or if it's something closer to a summary essay where there's not really an opposing side. In something where there are distinct sides, (or if you have less to say to support your own side), you may want something that looks like

Introduction

Main point #1

Main point #2

Why the other side is wrong

Conclusion

The "why the other side is wrong" side is involves thinking through the MOST credible arguments the other side might make, and methodically breaking them down to show how they don't work. The stronger the argument you choose, the more effective this is.

Since I personally hate prewriting with a passion, I usually do this step very fast and end up with an outline that looks like

Intro [insert thesis statement]

P1: [three word summary]

P2: [three word summary]

P3: [three word summary]

Conclusion

(thesis statement, introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion tips are all below the cut)

Usually, this is enough so when I look at my outline, I can see what I'm trying to focus on for each paragraph - and do so without straying from my main point.

For the prewriting, the main things to do are identify with basic structure of the two will serve your purposes better, and write a thesis statement that solidly supports your argument.

Thesis Statement

There are so many guides about creating thesis statements that are powerful, but I'm just going to quickly go over how to be fast about it.

The first thing to know is that a thesis statement is usually a complex sentence: it's your entire essay distilled down to a single line. The general formula I follow goes something like this:

"In their [media type] [name of specific piece], [creator's full name] explored/demonstrated/other verb [theme you're going to be arguing about] demonstrated/using/as evidenced/as shown by [example 1], [example 2], and [optional example 3]."

For example, a thesis statement that follows this format might go

“In his short film Job at Place, David Davidson explored the manifestations of human stupidity through the absurdity of the main character’s home, school, and office.”

Or, if you're writing a historical piece, it might look something like this:

"In [place/time period], [thing you're arguing was happening]: they had to/the conditions were such that/other thing to set up a list [example 1], [example 2], and [example 3]."

For example, a thesis statement that follows this format might go

“During the Tusken Invasion of 32nd century Tatooine, it was the lives of the children that were most affected, from their social development and connections with others to more personal struggles they didn’t yet have the tools to overcome.”

The examples you give are going to correlate to your paragraphs - example 1 is for body paragraph 1, and so on.

Introduction

I like to think of the introduction as a funnel that gets more and more specific.

First, write a broad statement that touches on whatever theme you’re referencing.

Job at Place is about human stupidity, so something like “while great minds have flourished throughout the ages, so have the not-so-great.”

Tatooine is about war, and about child development, so something like “children’s development has always been impacted by the state of the world around them.” or “war has many effects, many of which impact those not directly involved with the conflict.”

The idea is that it’s a broad statement that can almost be looked at like a universal truth.

Next, you’re going to go deeper - two sentences that narrow down the time and place you’re talking about specifically, and how that time and place fit into your universal statement.

The fourth sentence gets even more specific - introducing how the thesis sentence fits into your first three sentences.

Then the last line is your thesis statements.

Body Paragraphs

Your three main body paragraphs all follow the same formula. (I’ll get to the “why the other side is wrong” paragraph in a minute)

The first sentence you’re going to want is a topic sentence. For this, you’re going to want to look at the example you gave in your thesis statement that corresponds to this paragraph, and see how it relates to your central claim.

If we’re going with the Job at Place example from above, for the second paragraph, you might open with a line like:

“A striking characteristic of Davidson’s short film was the abnormality of the main character’s school, used to showcase exactly what happens when poor decisions get taken too far.”

Everything within the paragraph will then back up the claim you’re making in the topic sentence (which in turn is backing up your thesis).

For each paragraph, you’re probably going to want about three pieces of evidence, either in the form of direct quotes (plucking words directly from the source) or paraphrased quotes (summarizing what happened in your own words). The quote should be used to directly support your argument.

After each piece of evidence, you’re going to want about... twoish lines of analysis (this number can change as you need it to, but two lines is something solid to fall back to).

While analysis can take all kinds of forms, one pattern you can use if you’re stuck is

evidence sentence

what it means

how that meaning ties back into your main point

Following this pattern, a piece of analysis of Job at Place might look like:

“One of the first images of the private school is that it’s a tall spire with creaking stairs and loose floorboards. Despite this, the principal has eight personal cars parked outside on full display. While the first glimpse of the school might indicate that there is little money to care for the structural integrity, the notion is directly negated by the principal’s actions. By using these two images, Davidson demonstrates what can happen to the youth when those in power let greed carry them away.”

After you write your analysis, include some kind of transition phrase, and go onto the next piece of evidence.

The last line of your paragraph is going to transition into the next paragraph while also summing up the main point of what you talked about in the current one. (This line can also get moved down and tacked onto the beginning of the next paragraph, before the topic sentence, but I have found it tends to look less cohesive that way).

You might choose something like:

“While the school was a disaster in its own right, it wasn’t the only example of human folly.”

If you’re writing a “this is why the other side is wrong” you’re going to want to think about the MOST compelling arguments the other side could make. Take the top one (or two), and figure out ways to crack them apart using evidence from your source material.

In this case, your topic sentence might start off with something like

“While opponents might say [insert compelling counterargument], their reasoning breaks down when one takes into account the evidence.”

At this point, you’re going to follow the same formula as above. The main thing to keep in mind is that for the duration of this paragraph, your point is that the other side’s claim of X is wrong.

Conclusion!

If you know what you’re doing, this is actually the easiest part.

(wait, what??????)

The thing is, you NEVER want to introduce new ideas into your conclusion. Instead, you’re summarizing your main points.

The formula I follow per sentence is:

Thesis statement but reworded (you can change the sentence structure too)

Topic sentence for paragraph 2 or 3, but reworded (I’ll explain why you shouldn’t do the sentence for P1 in just a sec)

Topic sentence for paragraph 1 or 3 but reworded

Topic sentence for paragraph 1 or 2 but reworded

Wow sentence or question (i’ll get to this too)

The idea for the middle three sentences is you don’t want them to read as repetitive, so you’re going to mix up the order so it doesn’t match the order of the rest of the essay. This will help to keep it fresh.

The wow sentence is basically the last impression you get to make. I find it’s usually a good idea to go just a tad dramatic (it sounds dumb, but it has never failed me). If I can’t think of anything, a declarative statement on whatever major theme was being discussed throughout the essay usually does the trick.

Examples:

All of this shows that in the absence of friendships and platonic love, humanity will falter.

Fiction may seem far fetched now, but if the world falls into those same mistakes, it’s only a matter of time until it becomes a reality.

Art has existed for as long as humans have populated the earth; it’s not going away any time soon.

A lesson everyone must understand is the most powerful weapon isn’t anything physical or tangeable: it’s the ideas that exist in the minds of those who care.

(I told you they were going to be dramatic) A way I look at it is if you can’t imagine dropping the mic on the last line, it needs to be stronger (yes I found that plagiarized with not even a whisper of credit on Pinterest, but it works).

If you wrote a SOLID essay, consider ending with a question aimed at the reader (this will push your essay in the direction of either the positive or negative extreme: a strong essay will become stronger, a weak essay will become weaker). Questions can be a call to action or rhetorical as a means to drive home your final point. Becuase they’re more nuanced to the content of the essay, I don’t really have great examples to give you though (sorry).

Hopefully this is useful to at least some of you - good luck!

++++

Tagging:@candlemouse

If you want to be added to or removed from any of my taglists (found pinned to the top of my blog) just let me know :)

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brinconvenient · 3 years

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Green Egg and Fam

You know what? I'm just gonna go ahead and do this...

So a few years back, I was talking to another trans woman who is very familiar with the DC Universe and we were trying to figure out who is Actually An Egg, and after a few suggestions back and forth, I galaxy-brained the answer. She heartily agreed and we talked about it a bit: 1. Artsy 2. Serial Monogamist who is a Relationship Disaster (Big "Do I want to Be With Her, or Be Her?" energy) 3. Becomes best friends with every ex-girlfriend 4. Noted Respecter of Women in Very Terrible and Awkward Ways 5. Chronically allergic to self-reflection and introspection, but also addicted to it in much the same way lactose intolerant people talk about how they can't give up cheese. 6. Just a complete and Utter Messy Agent of Chaos. 7. All too willing to adopt Other People's Expectations and internalize them as a Sacred Duty. 8. Just constantly Marked By Tragedy - both external and self-created.

It's Kyle Rayner, kids.

Torchbearer,

Honor Lantern,

Erstwhile Ion/avatar of the power of will

Kyle "I will be the Last of the Green Lanterns and yet keep trying to ressurect this entire Corps of Space Cops that I didn't even know existed until some Blue Dude showed up to give me jewelry and I guess marry me into the Corps? Because I guess that's just my job now and that will become my whole personality" Rayner.

After the conversation, this - the only fanfic I have literally ever written popped out of my head fully formed. It's intended to really be Chapter 1 of Several which are basically conversations between Kyle and one Ex-Girlfriend per chapter as Kyle finally accepts herself and transitions.

Eventually she reveals that the name "Ion" comes from her real name "ImOgeN" because she read Nevada and Was Impacted and she's just that extra.

But, honestly, despite getting started on the Alex chapter ages ago, I never have drawn the energy to go back and finish and/or write more, so I'm just gonna share the first chapter of what I am calling:

"Green Egg and Fam"

Putting the actual content behind the Read More because I've already rambled too long.

“It’s just exhausting, you know? Every few years it seems like I have to pick up the pieces of my life, my memory, my self and figure out who the hell I am! Every time I get a handle on things, someone or something comes along and shakes up the snow globe,y’know? I’ve tried to talk to Diana about it and, like, she’s compassionate and cares and offers sympathy, but most of the time, my whole relationship with her is just one more flake in the globe and I never know who we’re going to be to each other. Somehow, though, you’re always my favorite ex-boyfriend. It’s weird, right?”

Kyle patted Donna’s arm reassuringly. He glanced from Donna’s face to the view over Lake Michigan. There was no more beautiful view of the lakeshore than the roof of the John Hancock Building. He could just about make out the lights of the small shore towns across the lake in Michigan, and he could see the industrial Indiana towns along the round tip of the lake.

“I’m not positive I like that descriptor of our relationship, but I am happy to be some kind of constant for you,” he said with a rueful smile. “Donna, you are one of my dearest friends and I always want to be here for you. I know you didn’t need my help with Dr. Psycho here, but I’m glad I was Earthside to help you out anyway.”

They’d taken the diminutive psychic menace to the Chicago Special Crimes Unit, who had training and facilities for telepaths and telekinetics. They found this perch when Donna said she just needed a little bit to settle down before heading back to the Titans Tower in New York.

“No, I had him just about handled - a Lasso of Persuasion is pretty useful, after all - but I’m glad you swung through, all the same,” Donna said. “I’m glad to have a friend here. Psycho was really messing with my head this time. He kept dredging through my memory, pulling out bits and pieces of lives lived and people lost. He made me relive the loss of Terry and Robert and Jenny, over and over, replayed the tortures of Dark Angel, dragged me through that whole mess with the Titans of Myth, and I’m actually not sure which of any of those actually happened in this reality anymore.”

Donna’s breath was getting ragged and tears were falling down her face, twinkling in the moonlight.

“You told me about Terry and the kids when we were dating, so since I still remember them, they must still have existed and they still loved you and you still got to love them. I’m a little fuzzy on the Titans of Myth, so I can’t be sure about that stuff. But you’re here now and that’s what’s important right now. Just take a sec to enjoy this moment, this view, this night and see how you feel, ok?” he said.

They sat in the quiet, next to each other, watching the waves reflect and distort the moonbeams. Donna’s breathing calmed down and she straightened her back, half a head taller than Kyle even while sitting.

“Thank you, Kyle. I’ll be ok now, I think. I appreciate you listening. You have a good heart. If you’d only learn to actually fight without that ring, you’d make a pretty decent Amazon. Well … if you weren’t a man, of course.”

Kyle coughed and thanked the stars that Donna couldn’t see him blush. Suddenly Kyle felt like there was lava beneath his skin and he couldn’t sit comfortably.

He didn’t want Donna to catch on, so he stifled his squirming and whipped up a quick construct of a miniature green Kyle in an Amazonian uniform, breastplate, Spartan skirt and calf boots. For added effect he made sure to widen his shoulders and used Hal Jordan as a reference for a jaw far more square than Kyle’s real life chin.

“I’m not sure I can pull off the uniform. Guess I’ll stick with green and black for now. Ha!” he said. He hoped it didn't sound as forced as it felt.

“Oh I don’t know. You’ve got great legs, Kyle! Maybe you should start wearing shorts when in uniform. Besides, you had those over-the-knee boots for the longest time. I think you’d be just fine!” Donna said, laughing.

“Give me a hug, Dick just texted me to meet him in Blüdhaven. Take care and fly safe back to Oa!” she said.

After a quick, warm embrace, she turned eastward and flew off over the lake. Kyle watched her fly out of sight. He looked down and saw little Amazon Kyle, slowly spinning in the air. He drew the construct up to eye level and returned the shoulders and jaw back to his more slender and softer reality. It didn’t look that bad actually.

He’d been trying to make Donna smile, and deflect from … something before, so he exaggerated those features to highlight the incongruence, but he didn’t hate this more realistic image.

He continue to finesse the construct’s features. Like most artists, he never really considered a piece finished, he just stopped working on it. He smoothed the musculature, narrowed the shoulders a little further, pulled the hips out just a bit more, and left the waist alone. The ersatz Kyle’s face got softer still, the brow less pronounced, the nose narrower, the chin just a bit more rounded. He watched the chest muscles soften and breasts form to fill out the breastplate better.

Finally, he lengthened the construct’s hair to shoulder length, adding some wave and curls like Donna’s somehow-always-perfect hair.

And there she was. The woman who’d been haunting Kyle’s dreams as long as he could remember. Slowly spinning in the air was a woman who could easily have been Kyle’s sister, wearing Amazonian garb (or at least what he remembered from seeing Donna’s while they were dating so many years ago).

He didn’t know how much time had passed since he started fiddling with the image, and he didn’t know how long he’d spent staring at the final form. Sister. Yeah, right.

With an angry wave he flashed his hand through the construct, dissolving and dispersing the light particles that he’d given form. He hastily looked around the roof to make sure no one had seen him or, specifically, seen the construct. The burning sensation of shame returned instantly and he immediately flew into the sky until the buildings looked like so many light-speckled building blocks.

He took himself through a calming exercise he learned from Kilowog to help him center himself and sling his ring “like he wasn’t a complete Poozer and deserved to wear it.” Kilowog had no appreciation for just how hard it was for other people to feel calm when he was around. Still, Kyle found it helped when the pink giant wasn’t breathing down his neck.

“My will is strong enough to carry the torch for the entire Green Lantern Corps, I can stop these feelings. I can make all of these thoughts go away. I can stop this. I’ve got too much responsibility to keep indulging this … this nonsense” he thought, trying to ignore the sting of the tears fighting their way free to fall down his face, ignore the pain in his heart.

“I don’t want to lose my friends - what would Donna say? Would she think I was a pervert, or making fun of her somehow? I definitely don’t want to lose Hal’s and the guys’ respect. I don’t want to lose my whole life just because I’m some kind of freak. Get it together, Rayner. No one else is feeling sorry for themselves because they don’t fit in.”

He pulled a hand down his face and pointed his right fist with it’s gaudy, shining green ring on the middle finger toward the Milky Way and flew into space. He hoped the cold solitude of the transluminal conduits would help him regain his composure before he faced Guy, Hal, John and Kilowog for the Honor Lantern meeting. For the millionth time, he wished he could just be more like them, have just a sliver of their easy and effortless masculinity. They made it look so simple.

“Bet they don’t spend half their life trying to figure out what is wrong with them,” he thought. He tried so hard not to envy them, but it was really hard sometimes.

Especially nights like tonight where his resolve had failed him yet again and he gave in to his most hidden thoughts. He entered the transluminal conduit between Saturn and Jupiter and closed his eyes.

He traveled faster than light, but it still took time to reach Oa, so he tried to sleep and hoped that his dreams wouldn’t betray him again.

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grantmkemp · 4 years

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“The Last Days Of Martinique” ....

These are some of the rare portraits of Martinique residents taken before the deadly volcano eruption on 8th May 1902. The faces of the men, and women who lived, and worked in what was a thriving, colourful city, full of life. These images are part of a surviving collection of postcards produced to encourage tourism to the island.

Mount Pelée, meaning "bald mountain" or "peeled mountain", is a volcano at the northern end of Martinique, an island and French overseas department in the Lesser Antilles Volcanic Arc of the Caribbean.

The eruption of Mount Pelee was the worst volcanic disaster of the 20th century. In less than a minute, the volcano eviscerated the entire city of St. Pierre, the biggest city in the Caribbean island of Martinique. The stratovolcano's eruption killed 29,000 to 30,000 people in the space of just a few minutes, in the worst volcanic disaster of the 20th century. The main eruption, on 8th May 1902, left only two survivors in the direct path of the blast flow: Ludger Sylbaris survived because he was in a poorly ventilated, dungeon-like jail cell, and Léon Compère-Léandre, who was living on the edge of the city, escaped with severe burns. Havivra Da Ifrile, a young girl, reportedly escaped with injuries during the eruption by taking a small boat to a cave down the shore, and was later found adrift 3 km (1.9 mi) from the island, unconscious.

In the days leading up to May 8th, 1902, the volcano had been smoking and emitting vapors for days before the eruption, but locals had seen it do this before. Most thought there was no reason to worry, until a cloud of ash descended onto the city.

Eruptions began on 23rd April 1902. In early April, excursionists noted the appearance of sulfurous vapors emitting from fumaroles near the mountaintop. This was not regarded as important, as fumaroles had appeared and disappeared in the past.

On 27th April several excursionists climbed the mountaintop to find Étang Sec filled with water, forming a lake 180 m (590 ft) across. There was a 15 m (50 ft) high cone of volcanic debris built up on one side, feeding the lake with a steady stream of boiling water. Sounds resembling a cauldron with boiling water were heard from deep underground.

At 11:30 p.m. on 2nd May the mountain produced loud explosions, earthquakes and a massive pillar of dense black smoke. Ashes and fine-grained pumice covered the entire northern half of the island. The explosions continued at 5–6 hour intervals. This led the local newspaper Les Colonies to indefinitely postpone a proposed picnic on the mountain

On Saturday, 3rd May the wind blew the ash cloud northwards, alleviating the situation in Saint-Pierre. The next day the ash fall intensified, and the communication between Saint-Pierre and the Prêcheur district was severed.

On Monday, 5th May, activity appeared to decrease, but at about 1:00 p.m., the sea suddenly receded about 100 metres (330 ft) and then rushed back, flooding parts of the city, and a large cloud of smoke appeared westwards of the mountain.

On the morning of May 8th, 1902, the night shift telegraph operator was sending the reports of the volcano's activity to the operator at Fort-de-France, claiming no significant new developments; his last transmission at 07:52 was "Allez", handing over the line to the remote operator. In the next second, the telegraph line went dead. A cable repair ship had the city in direct view; the upper mountainside ripped open and a dense black cloud shot out horizontally. A second black cloud rolled upwards, forming a gigantic mushroom cloud and darkening the sky in a 50-mile (80 km) radius. The initial speed of both clouds was later calculated to be over 160 kilometres (99 mi) per hour. The horizontal pyroclastic surge hugged the ground and sped down towards the city of Saint-Pierre, appearing black and heavy, glowing hot from within. It consisted of superheated steam and volcanic gases and dust, with temperatures exceeding 1,075 °C (1,967 °F). In under a minute it reached and covered the entire city, instantly igniting everything combustible.

One woman, a housemaid, also survived the pyroclastic flow but died soon after. She said that the only thing she remembered from the event was sudden heat. She died very shortly after being discovered. Included among the victims were the passengers and crews of several ships docked at Saint-Pierre.

On 2th May 1902, a second eruption similar to the first one in both type and force obliterated what was left of Saint-Pierre, killing 2000 rescuers, engineers, and mariners bringing supplies to the island.

The destruction caused by the 1902 eruption was quickly publicized by recent modern means of communication. It brought to the attention of the public and governments the hazards and dangers of an active volcano. The city of Saint-Pierre was never fully rebuilt, though some villages grew up in its place.

For anyone interested in more of the story, the book "The Day The World Ended" by Gordon Thomas and Max Morgan Witts, uses contemporary records and survivor accounts to construct a historical novel of the events and lives of residents of Martinique, leading up to and through the eruption of May 8th, 1902.

These are my colourised versions of three black, and white photo postcards taken in late 1901

Restoring Your Past … Website

Restoring Your Past … on Facebook

#martinique #volcano #eruption #1902 #portraits #Type de charbonnier #Costume créole #vintage #history #colourised #colorized #Photo Colourisation #photo colorization

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hudsonespie · 4 years

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10 Important Ship Construction Regulations

When it comes to constructing near self-sustained floating vessels, there comes a number of regulations to be followed so as to maintain the structural integrity and safety of the vessel while sailing in the ocean waters.

The ship should be safe during the entire period of her service along with routine maintenance in place. These regulations which have been framed after careful scrutinization and the lessons learnt from past incidents lay the stepping stone towards safety during the crucial phase of ship construction and in effect during the entire service life.

In its 87th session, IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) adopted Goal-Based Standards (GBS) and guidelines (which deal with bulk carriers and oil tankers) that gave the organisation a role to frame rules in accordance to SOLAS requirements.

The process consists of an internal and external audit wherein the design and construction rules should correspond to the adopted Goal-Based Standards (GBS).

Tier IV- Rules and regulations for ship design and construction outline detailed requirements for the design and construction of ships, conforming to the goal and functional requirements.

In this article, we’ve outlined 10 important regulations to be followed during ship construction.

The first 7 regulations correspond to bulk carriers and oil tankers and the rest for liquified chemical tankers in bulk.

Representation Image

The Lloyd Register’s Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers –Chapter 12 – Construction deals with the following general hull requirements-

1. Workmanship

Since surveying and approval is an important part of the ship construction process, all workmanship should be of commercial marine quality. The welding requirements are dealt with in Ch 12 Sec 2.

Any defect arising during the construction process must be rectified to the satisfaction of the surveyor before covering it with paint, cement or any other composition. This is done to prevent any catastrophic failure in later stages.

2. Fabrication Standard

IACS Recommendation 47 Part A deals with Shipbuilding and remedial quality standard for New Construction and in its accordance, the structural fabrication is to be carried out. The standard used for fabrication/construction should be intimated to the attending representative of the approving classification society beforehand.

Part 1.2.3 of this chapter outlines the necessary information to be present in order to determine the range and tolerance limits for the listed items such as cut edges, pillars, brackets, plate assembly etc.

3. Cut-Outs, Plate Edges

The general idea behind this rule is that the free edges (cut surfaces) of cut-outs, hatch corners etc. should be free from notches and must be properly prepared.

As a general rule cutting draglines etc. are to be smoothly ground. All edges are to be broken or in cases of highly stressed parts be rounded off so as to minimise stress concentration and hence any possible failure.

Similarly, free edges on flame or machine-cut plates or flanges are not to be sharp-cornered. Corners should be machine cut for precision in the hatch opening.

4. Cold Forming:

a. Special Structural Members

The hull girder is subjected to high stresses and for components where notch toughness is a matter of concern the inside bending radius (in cold-formed plating) should not be less than 10 times the as-built plate thickness for carbon-manganese steels.

b. Corrugated bulkheads and hopper knuckles

The inside bending radius (in cold-formed plating) for corrugated bulkheads and hopper knuckles should not be less than 4.5 times the as-built plate thickness for carbon-manganese steels.

c. Low bending radius

When the inside bending radius is reduced below 10 times or 4.5 times the as-built plate thickness then supporting data is to be provided. The bending radius is in no case should be less than 2 times the as-built plate thickness.

5. Hot forming

Temperature Requirements

Steel shouldn’t be formed between the upper and lower critical temperatures. In case the forming temperature exceeds 650 degree Celsius for as-rolled, controlled rolled, thermo-mechanical controlled rolled or normalised steels or in case is not less than 28 degree Celsius lower than the tempering temperature for quenched and tempered steels, then mechanical tests are carried out to ensure that these temperatures have not taken a toll on the tensile and impact properties of steel.

Post heating during forming and stress relieving, it has to be shown that the mechanical properties exhibited by the material meet the requirements specified by a procedure test using a representative material.

6. Line or spot heating

Curve forming or fairing (by linear or spot heating) has to be carried out using approved procedures. This is done so as to ensure the material properties are not adversely affected. The heating temperature on the surface is to be controlled as it should not exceed the maximum allowable limit applicable to that plate grade.

7. Assembly and Alignment

a) Excessive force shouldn’t be used during the assembly of individual structural components or during the erection of sections. Any major distortions of individual structural components have to be corrected before proceeding for further assembly.

Post welding- straightening and aligning are to be carried out carefully so as not to alter the material properties significantly. The society may require a procedure or working test to settle any disparity arising during the process.

b) Structural members need to be aligned following the provisions of IACS Recommendation No. 47, Tables 7 or according to any other recognised fabrication standard accepted by the society. For critical components its imperative to make control drillings where necessary which are welded up again on completion.

These were some of the important regulations for bulk carriers and oil tankers.

The following three regulations have been taken from The Lloyd Register’s Rules and Regulations for the Construction and Classification of Ships for the carriage of Liquid Chemicals in Bulk.

8. Materials of construction and welding

Structural materials used for tank construction, together with associated piping, pumps, valves, vents and their jointing materials, shall be suitable at the temperature and pressure for the cargo to be carried in accordance with recognized standards.

Steel is assumed to be the normal material of construction.

As the shipyard is responsible for providing compatibility information to the ship operator, it must be done timely prior to the delivery of the ship or on completion of a relevant modification of the material of construction.

9. Cargo Temperature Control

This is an important system to be constructed on board a liquid chemical bulk tanker according to the requirements of the cargo carried. Such a system should be constructed, fitted and tested to the satisfaction of the administration. The materials used for the construction of such a system should be compatible for use with the liquid cargo intended to be carried.

10. Fire Protection and Fire Extinction

This is the most important regulation as per my view for liquid chemical tankers in bulk as a fire on board such a vessel can be extremely catastrophic and devastating.

The requirements for tankers in SOLAS Chapter II-2-Construction-Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction shall apply to ships covered by the Code, irrespective of their tonnage.

This includes ships of less than 500 tons gross tonnage with a few exceptions which can be referred from Lloyd Register’s –The Rules and Regulations for the Construction and Classification of Liquid Chemicals in Bulk.

Ship construction is a meticulous process as minute defects can result in catastrophic failures during service. Scepticism points out that steel used in the construction of Titanic was not up to the mark and hence the hull suffered severe damage on collision with an iceberg due to poor visibility.

The result – one of the most horrifying disasters in international cruising that paved the way for the foundation of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) in 1914 with a hope that ships henceforth will have better safety procedures and construction.

As a result, everyone involved with the ship construction process from the workforce to the surveyors to any other concerned department must be punctilious throughout the entire construction phase as this phase is the backbone on which the safety of any ship relies.

Hence, it becomes imperative that regulations which have been framed after much scrutinization and careful observation be observed properly and implemented in place. The last thing one wants is a lawsuit filed against them due to overlooking such crucial regulations in this highly competitive shipping market carrying about 90% of the world trade!

These are the 10 important regulations regarding ship construction which need to be followed. There are numerous other regulations that ensure the vessel returns from its voyage in its full glory but have not been covered due to the scope of the article.

A ship properly constructed following the important regulations need not undergo any major outfit until any further amendment of rules and hence can sail smoothly during its entire service life safely without any legal or safety concerns.

Disclaimer: The authors’ views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of Marine Insight. Data and charts, if used, in the article have been sourced from available information and have not been authenticated by any statutory authority. The author and Marine Insight do not claim it to be accurate nor accept any responsibility for the same. The views constitute only the opinions and do not constitute any guidelines or recommendation on any course of action to be followed by the reader.

The article or images cannot be reproduced, copied, shared or used in any form without the permission of the author and Marine Insight.

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junker-town · 7 years

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NBA free agents 2017: Ranking the top 50

This free agent class is top-heavy, but falls off thereafter. Here are our rankings by position.

The NBA has already seen one major shake-up with the Jimmy Butler trade to the Timberwolves on draft night. More moves are sure to come, both before the end of June as cap space expires and once midnight strikes on July 1, when NBA free agency opens.

The 2017 NBA free agent class is relatively shallow, with some mammoth names up high (including five 2016-17 NBA All-Stars), a few young blue chippers, and a metric ton of situational role players. Power forward and point guard are rather deep in this class, whereas there are few decent available centers or shooting guards.

Teams are going to have to get creative, in other words.

We’re presenting our NBA free agent rankings somewhat differently this year. We pulled together a list of the top 50 free agents overall, then sorted them by position. (We listed them in the position they played the most last season, according to Basketball-Reference’s play-by-play data.) As such, we don’t have an overall top 50 ranking, or even a top 10 for each position.

Needless to say, with such shaky options outside of the marquee stars, this is all rather subjective. Some players not listed in these rankings could easily be better fits for specific teams’ situations than the players listed. We’ll leave those decisions up to the general managers.

Let’s get to it.

NOTE: We updated these rankings on June 29 to reflect Chris Paul’s decision to opt in and the Mavericks’ decision to decline their option on Dirk Nowitzki.

Photo by Jason Miller/Getty Images

Point guards

1. Stephen Curry: Golden State Warriors

Curry isn’t going anywhere. On the first night of free agency he agreed to a 5-year, $201-million designated player maximum contract with the Warriors, earning Curry that big pay day he’s been waiting for. While Steph is the No. 2 overall free agent in this class behind Kevin Durant, it’s worth noting that the Warriors are going to re-sign the top two free agents in 2017 with two other All-Stars already locked up on the roster. Good grief.

2. Kyle Lowry

Lowry might have been the best guard in the Eastern Conference this season until an elbow injury derailed his All-NBA campaign. Lowry blossomed into an all-star in Toronto, but the franchise has vowed changes after a disappointing sweep by the Cavaliers. The Raptors are already paying DeMar DeRozan more than $30 million per season. Can they pay the backcourt $65-70 million a year and build a competitive team around them? Perhaps not.

The Raptors’ saving grace may be that few teams have needs at point guard and big salary space to lock up with a 31-year-old. Lowry’s worth a massive contract, but this might be the wrong year to maximize his earnings with more affordable options right behind him.

3. George Hill

Hill helped bring Utah along as a game-changer in the backcourt despite missing 33 games due to injury. He’s not the scorer, passer, or playmaker that CP3 or Lowry are, but like those two, Hill is a steadying force. Utah would love to bring him back, but a salary crunch and big offers out there for Hill may lead him to leave.

If Hill’s medical records check out, he’d be a huge aid to a team looking to make a leap with a need at point guard. The Bucks, Nuggets, and Pelicans would be stellar landing spots if they can open the space.

4. Jrue Holiday

Holiday struggled to find his way with Anthony Davis and DeMarcus Cousins, but the trio came along as the season wrapped up. The Pelicans are in a bind: if they don’t pay up to retain Holiday, they don’t have cap space to chase someone like Lowry, Hill, or someone slightly lower on this list. It’s much easier to pay big for Holiday than pay slightly less for Jeff Teague or Patty Mills because of Bird rights.

Holiday can defend — a must for this team at the point — and is a passable deep shooter. Time may be all he and the Twin Towers need to make it work, provided he can remain healthy.

5. Jeff Teague: Minnesota Timberwolves

Immediately upon the calendar turning to July 1, Jeff Teague and the Minnesota Timberwolves agreed to a three-year deal worth $57 million. Teague put up good numbers for a shaky Pacers team last year but with Paul George gone, it was unlikely Indiana would bring him back.

Now he’s the new point guard for the Timberwolves, replacing Ricky Rubio who was traded to the Utah Jazz. Teague will join Jimmy Butler, Andrew Wiggins, and Karl-Anthony Towns as Minnesota tries to make its run in the stacked Western Conference.

6. Patty Mills: San Antonio Spurs

Patty Mills and the San Antonio Spurs agreed to a 4-year, $50 million deal quickly on July 1. Mills has an impeccable reputation as a teammate, and he’ll only be 29 next season. He’s never been a full-time starter, though, yet that may change this season with or without a healthy Tony Parker.

7. Derrick Rose

Rose feels like empty calories at this point. With the right coach and teammates, he could turn into a top-drawer back-up point guard. You just wonder if he’s ready to follow that path or if he still believes he can still be an all-star (which he cannot). Seeing what market develops for him this summer should be fascinating.

8. Darren Collison

Collison has actually been solid for the Kings over the last couple of years, and he’s quite a shooter. There’s a strong possibility Sacramento will re-sign him to help bring De’Aaron Fox along, but he could end up as a back-up somewhere for $10-12 million per season.

9. Shaun Livingston: Golden State Warriors

Shan Livingston and the Warriors agreed to a 3-year, $24 million deal that begins to keep the Warriors bench in place. Livingston doesn’t put up numbers, shoot threes, or set up his teammates too much. But he’s a fierce defender, a high-character teammate, and the post-up god of point guards. Livingston probably could have taken a bigger payday elsewhere but winning with the Warriors is more important.

Kelvin Kuo-USA TODAY Sports

Shooting guards

1. J.J. Redick

Redick is clearly the best shooting guard available, and it seems highly likely he’ll leave the Clippers. It speaks to the value of Redick’s skills that L.A. -- with world-class scorers CP3 and Blake Griffin — made it a point to get Redick shots early and often. Redick has also built himself into a fair defender despite a persistent size and speed disadvantage. He knows where he needs to be on both ends.

A huge contract in the wrong situation, though, could be a disaster. He needs a point guard to set him up and a strong wing defender to bail him out of tough assignments. Brooklyn has long seemed like a smart match, but D’Angelo Russell’s presence isn’t perfect. If the Pistons revamp their backcourt, a reunion with Stan Van Gundy could be fruitful.

2. Dion Waiters

Waiters had an incredible contract year — one for the history books. It’s too bad Miami fell just short of the playoffs so that Waiters couldn’t hit a dagger in Cleveland. This year, Waiters found his true calling: as the new Jamal Crawford. Some team -- quite possibly the Heat, or maybe his hometown 76ers — has to realize this and pay him big dollars to chase his destiny.

3. Kentavious Caldwell-Pope (Restricted)

Caldwell-Pope, like pretty much everyone else in a Pistons jersey last season, fell short of expectations. He’s a high-potential defender who would be a blue-chip stud if he could hit threes at a higher rate. As it is, he’s an inefficient scorer due to his inability to attack the rim. That leads to few free throws and too many long twos.

Caldwell-Pope is a restricted free agent. You wonder if some team will be bold enough to offer up a max contract to see if Van Gundy will commit. The two-guard market is extremely shallow.

4. Jonathon Simmons (Restricted)

Simmons is Tony Allen for a new generation, with less marketing genius. The Spurs have an advantage with restricted status, but someone could certainly sneak in there with a quick offer sheet as San Antonio attempts to make a big move. Paying Simmons $15 million a year seems like a huge risk given his lack of offensive punch.

5. Tim Hardaway, Jr. (Restricted)

Hardaway has no lack of offensive punch. If Paul Millsap leaves the Hawks but Hardaway comes back, he could end up as Atlanta’s leading scorer! It’d be empty calories in large part, though: Hardaway isn’t much of a defender or a playmaker for others.

There’s a big risk that with a larger shooting load, his efficiency will crash. He’s shot quite well on two-pointers without drawing many fouls: that’s a volatile situation to be in. In addition, he already takes a high volume of threes. Any additional threes could be especially tough, and lower his long-range efficiency.

There is danger in these waters.

6. Kyle Korver

Korver’s at the end of his career, but he is extremely good at an extremely important skill. That’s worth some dough.

7. Manu Ginobili

Ginobili may very well retire. We thought that could be the case a year ago as well ... and he ended up with a nice eight-figure contract. So long as Ginobili wants to play in the NBA, he should be paid handsomely to do so. The world needs Manu more than ever.

Photo by Gene Sweeney Jr/Getty Images

Small forwards

1. Gordon Hayward

Hayward is one of the biggest prizes of free agency, and it’s easy to see why. Hayward’s an ascendant highly efficient scorer who moves the ball well and is just 27 years old. He may not be an All-NBA caliber player, but he’s quite possibly a regular all-star over the length of his next contract. You dream about landing players like this in free agency. Kevin Durant was the only better player to switch teams in free agency a year ago.

Utah has home-court advantage both in terms of total guaranteed salary and comfort level. But Hayward will look around, and he could make a massive difference for a new team like Boston or Miami.

2. Otto Porter (Restricted)

Porter finally came along in his fourth season, just in time to shore up a max-level second contract. It’s incredibly unlikely he’ll earn it anywhere other than Washington, D.C., since Porter is a restricted free agent. The Wizards didn’t make Bradley Beal sign a max offer sheet elsewhere a year ago, and they are unlikely to change course with Porter.

Otto is a solid wing defender who became an incredibly high-efficiency scorer in 2016-17. If he were an unrestricted free agent at age 24, there’d be a huge battle for his services, as there will be for Hayward. But Porter fits right in with the Wizards, and they’ll gladly be the ones to pay him big bucks.

3. Rudy Gay

Gay at No. 3 coming off a ruptured Achilles shows you how shallow the small forward position will be in this market, especially considering Porter’s restricted status. But Gay is an impressive old-school scorer who was decently efficient playing off DeMarcus Cousins in Sacramento. He’s no stopper on defense, but he’s better than most give him credit for being. He is a stopper — a ball-stopper — on offense, though. That means fit is incredibly important.

Gay would be a nice reserve scorer if a team has salary flexibility to slot him in that role and he embraces it.

4. Andre Iguodala

The NBA Finals were anticlimactic, but they served to ensure Iguodala gets paid one way or another. He looked downright spry after a hobbled close to the season, and his clutch defense on LeBron James showed he still has it.

If he leaves Golden State -- perhaps a necessity unless the Warriors are willing to pay huge gobs of luxury tax or Iguodala is willing to sign for only a year or two -- fit will be a huge concern. Iguodala needs to be on a team with plenty of scoring and shooting. You wonder if Boston would make a run at him if the Hayward and Paul George gambits fall through.

5. C.J. Miles

It seems impossible that C.J. Miles just turned 30 at the end of the regular season. The power of the preps-to-pro black mirror knows no bounds.

Miles is just a very solid NBA wing: he’s quite efficient, will defend anyone you throw at him, and fits in. He never stands out, but every team could use a few players like him. He seems like the perfect Houston Rocket.

6. Andre Roberson (Restricted)

Roberson’s free agency should be fascinating. He’s a world-class defender who is an absolute drain on offense. He can’t shoot, he’s an intentional foul liability, and he’s not a terribly dangerous slasher (unlike the younger version of Tony Allen). He could learn to shoot or cut more effectively, but paying what he’s likely to cost is a mighty big risk, especially considering that defense is cheaper to purchase on the open market.

Roberson is going to get more than Solomon Hill did in 2016. Is that appropriate? It’s not clear that it is.

Of course, the Roberson situation could end up boring if Oklahoma City — who has restricted status on him -- cuts a check before he chases offer sheets.

7. Tyreke Evans

Evans isn’t particularly good at any one thing, but he plays three positions (four in a pinch), moves the ball really well when he’s not pounding it into the floor, and is an excellent rebounder when playing the guard positions (less frequently last season, hence his listing at small forward). His versatility and youth (28 next season) will get some team to talk themselves into him. It might even work out.

8. Joe Ingles (Restricted)

Slow Mo Joe is more valuable to Utah than he would be to most franchises. It’s lucky, then, that the Jazz have restricted rights on Ingles. As Utah concentrates on retaining Hayward and Hill, and perhaps moving Derrick Favors and Dante Exum, Ingles can go out and find a team willing to pay a 30-year-old low-scoring glue guy.

If the offer is within reason and Utah needs to keep the team together for another run, the Jazz can match. If Hayward and Hill bail and a quick retooling around Rudy Gobert is in order, Utah can let Ingles jog away slowly. There’s peril in a fat Joe Ingles contract, but not so much for the Jazz. They are in control.

9. P.J. Tucker

Tucker was a boon for the Raptors as a wing defender, but it’s quite risky to pay big money to 32-year-olds who don’t score or create much. Toronto needs defenders more than most, but Tucker is not irreplaceable.

10. Bojan Bogdanovic (Restricted)

Bogdanovic is an effective, efficient bench scorer. But he’s a minus defender and a black hole. Be careful here.

Robert Hanashiro-USA TODAY Sports

Power forwards

1. Kevin Durant

Durant is the best free agent for the second straight year, and he’s in the conversation for best basketball player in the world. Unlike 2016, though, Durant isn’t switching teams. He’s relishing life in the Bay Area too much, especially after a dominant NBA playoffs run and championship.

2. Blake Griffin: Los Angeles Clippers

Chris Paul may have bolted for Houston but Griffin is staying in LA. The Clippers and Griffin agreed to a deal worth 5 years, $173 million right before free agency kicked off. Griffin is a majestic scorer and rebounder and one of the best passing big men in the league, but he hasn’t played anything close to a full season since 2014. He’s a max-contract player regardless. His health will likely determine again whether this works out or not for the Clippers.

3. Paul Millsap

Millsap is a top two-way power forward whose shooting efficiency has slipped as Atlanta has hemorrhaged talent. Put him in the right setting and his efficiency could bounce right back. The risk here is due to his age -- he’s 32 — and his inability to develop consistent three-point marksmanship. His excellent defense makes up for it, but there’s a chance that Millsap could become an anchor on the back end of his contract if he loses a step and can’t guard agile bigs going forward.

4. Serge Ibaka

Ibaka salvaged his contract year by playing well down the stretch for Toronto after getting lost in the Orlando morass for the first half. Serge remains a top-notch defender despite losing an edge over the years, and his jumper is reliable. (It’s worth noting that Ibaka is a superior deep shooter to Millsap.) He’s had just one major injury over eight seasons, and will be just 28 years old next season.

Ibaka’s going to get a massive contract, and odds are he’ll avail himself well. He’d be a lovely fit in Denver, Portland (if they can find some flexibility), or Minnesota. Don’t sleep on the possibility of a rebuilding team deciding to leverage cap space to outbid better teams and lock him in at a max contract given his age. Sacramento and Phoenix could be contenders there.

5. Danilo Gallinari

The Rooster is one of the best stretch four scorers when he can stay healthy, which has unfortunately been a problem. Gallinari was really efficient last season, but missed 19 games. He’s a minus on defense, which makes him an imperfect fit in Denver, which needs some defensive help in a bad way. Beyond that, it just feels as though the Nuggets are ready to move on from the Gallinari era.

The Rooster can play either forward position, and might be a nice consolation prize for a team that doesn’t land Hayward or Griffin. The Jazz could end up being a nice fit.

6. JaMychal Green (Restricted)

Green is a role player, but a high-level one. He’s highly efficient at low volume and can defend well. Green is a solid rebounder at power forward, but shouldn’t be asked to move the ball or create his own shot. He needs to be featured in a unit that has enough scoring and passing around him. It’s hard to imagine him being better anywhere else than he is in Memphis, where he was a godsend last season. He’s a restricted free agent, so the Grizzlies should have no problem keeping him.

7. Dirk Nowitzki

Dirk isn’t leaving Dallas — the belief is that he will sign a new two-year deal with the Mavericks to finish out his contract. He’s still a strong supplemental scorer and a locker room legend. Thank goodness the Mavericks won’t let some team Ewing On The Sonics or Hakeem On The Raptors him.

8. James Johnson

Wyoming’s finest was a revelation for the Heat as he remade his body and found scoring and playmaking touch that hadn’t been evident in his previous NBA stops. Defense is Johnson’s bread and butter, but he can shoot and slash too and he’s one of the better big man passers available this summer. Miami appears to be aiming toward a more star-level forward with eyes on Hayward and Griffin; that could lead another team to poaching Johnson early in free agency. If not, the Heat will be glad to give him a salary boost to stick around.

9. Zach Randolph

Z-Bo is soon to be 36 years old, but the dude still gets buckets. He transitioned well into a bench role last season and would be a huge pick-up for a contending team if he decides to take a big pay cut.

10. Taj Gibson

Gibson is a solid defender at power forward who can hit mid-range jumpers and stay out of the way on offense. He could be a nice role player for a team with scoring punch like Minny, Denver, or Washington. It’ll be interesting to see how much the Thunder are willing to spend to re-sign him.

11. Nikola Mirotic (Restricted)

Mirotic needs to be a better long-range shooter to justify his minutes and volume. You wonder how much of his lower clip from deep has to do with Chicago’s lack of spacing -- he was often the only Bull on the floor who was even a threat from deep. Things could look better with a different supporting cast. Otherwise, Mirotic is an anemic rebounder and poor defender. He’s there to hit shots.

12. Michael Beasley

The Michael Beasley rejuvenation continues. He’s a nice bench scorer who can step out to the three-point line (though he doesn’t do it often). Beasley is basically interchangeable with Marreese Speights.

13. Amir Johnson

Johnson is all about defense. He was a starter on a No. 1 seed, but so was Zaza Pachulia. Amir is better than that, though his value will be purely situational. It’s unlikely Boston can afford to pay him or prioritize him, which means he’ll be looking for a new fit on the market. Pairing him with score-first bigs — like in Charlotte, perhaps — could be fruitful.

14. Ersan Ilyasova

The scrap heap stretch four puts up decent numbers wherever he goes. He’s been a solid rebounder in the past two, though he’s not a reliable defender. You’d be glad to have him in your rotation.

15. Patrick Patterson

Two-Pat is an efficient shooter, but has remained at low volumes his entire career. He’s an undersized but active defender, and he’s pretty young at 28 years old. Patterson is a major candidate to go to a franchise where he’ll work himself into excellent shape, boost his per-game numbers, and set himself up for a payday in one year. Consider him the next James Johnson (replacing the passing with shooting).

16. Jeff Green

JEFF GREEN.

Jerome Miron-USA TODAY Sports

Centers

1. Nerlens Noel (Restricted)

It speaks to the low depth of centers on the free agent market that Noel is easily No. 1 on this list. A top-level defender, Noel doesn’t do anything he can’t. He’s somewhere between Tyson Chandler and Bismack Biyombo. Noel’s yet to have a really good point guard to set him up off picks-and-rolls -- perhaps within a couple years, Dallas draftee Dennis Smith will get there and boost Noel’s scoring output to double-digits.

Dallas will pay whatever it takes to keep Noel, a restricted free agent. He’s going nowhere.

2. Pau Gasol

Gasol’s defense has fallen off considerably (not that it was ever elite), but he remains quite effective as a scorer, rebounder, and passer as he approaches his 37th birthday. The Spurs have apparently worked out a deal to re-sign him after he graciously opted out of a mammoth contract, so expect to see Pau stay in the silver and black for a couple more seasons.

3. Kelly Olynyk (Restricted)

Olynyk’s per-game numbers mask his solid production — he’s just never been a featured player for Brad Stevens. Given a bigger role elsewhere, he could be a 14-8 center at relatively high efficiency given how many threes he shoots. He’s 26 (older than you’d expect from a restricted free agent) and his defense is a mixed bag. But he should probably be a starter in the NBA at his point in his career. Phoenix could be an interesting fit.

4. Mason Plumlee (Restricted)

Denver traded Jusuf Nurkic and a first-round pick for the right to pay Mason Plumlee in free agency, so they’d better do so. Of course, this constitutes falling right into the sunken cost fallacy. Christian Laettner 2.0 is getting a $60-80 million offer sheet from someone; the Nuggets will have to decide what to do at that point.

5. Nene: Houston Rockets

Nene has agreed to stay with the Rockets on a 4-year, $15 million deal. Nene played well on a discount for the Rockets and proved his worth coming off the bench behind Clint Capela last season. The combination of his age (nearly 35) and frequent injuries most likely scared off teams off from making a big long-term commitment, but he’s a very solid re-sign for the Rockets and his money will be guaranteed as he is the first beneficiary of the Over-38 rule in the new Collective Bargaining Agreement.

6. Dewayne Dedmon

Dedmon will be a fascinating free agent case. He’ll be 28 next season. He’s one of the very best rebounders in the league and a damn good rim protector. But he’s also a foul machine -- it’s not so much his offensive constraints that keep him off the foul as it is his propensity to hack.

There is definitely a huge danger that some team falls in love, tests the Spurs’ loyalty, and gets burned with a bad contract. Alternately, a new team could unlike some hidden finishing talent in Dedmon’s bones and turn him into the next Hassan Whiteside.

7. Marreese Speights

When you need buckets there is only one man to call.

8. Alex Len (Restricted)

Like Dedmon, Len’s problem staying on the floor is often foul trouble. Avoiding fouls can usually be learned. Len’s a nice little scorer and excellent rebounder who is just 24. Phoenix has the right to match, as Len is a restricted free agent. The most obvious solution is for the Suns to offer up a reasonable multi-year extension, but never count out the opportunity for a franchise with cap space to shake things up. No matter the era, young big men in the NBA make teams act crazy.

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