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nordleuchten · 3 months

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ALL of La Fayette’s Grandchildren

(This post discusses the death and loss of children)

While four children are still pretty easy to keep track of, La Fayette’s abundance of grandchildren can be quite confusing. You often see the following graphic, published in Jules Germain Cloquet’s book:

Jules Germain Cloquet, Recollections of the Private Life of General Lafayette, Baldwin and Cradock, London, 1835, p. 227.

All fine and dandy, but I was looking for more detailed information and I wanted to include the children that had already died by the time Cloquet publishes his book – I therefor made a graphic of my own. :-)

I am tempted to make one for the great-grandchildren as well, since La Fayette was very exited to become a Great-Grandfather – but this one was already a wild ride and La Fayette had more great-grandchildren then grand-children, let me tell you.

Anyway, some names are written in italics, these are the names the individuals commonly went by. I find it funny to see that all of Virginie’s children went by their second name, just like Virginie herself mostly just used her second name. Anastasie’s second child has an Asterix to her name. I have only once seen the name spelled out, on the certificate of baptism. The twins were baptized in Vianen (modern day Netherlands) and the name on the document was the Germanic spelling “Maria Victorina” – I used what I assumed is the best French spelling of the name.

The dates in bold indicate that the corresponding documentation of the birth/marriage/death can be found in the archives.

Anastasie and Charles: Finding Célestine’s dead twin sister was actually a surprise for me since I have never before seen her being mentioned. Anastasie gave birth for the first time in a town near Utrecht in what today are the Netherlands. The achieves there still have the certificate of baptism (on February 30, was the clerk sloppy or did the region in 1799 adhere to a different calendar style where February could have more then 29 days?) and we can very clearly see that there were too children. By May 9, 1799, La Fayette wrote to George Washington and referred to only one grand-child:

My wife, my daughters, and Son in law, join in presenting their affectionate respects to Mrs Washington & to you my dear g[ener]al the former is recovered & sets out for france on monday next with Virginia—our little grand Daughter [Célestine] is well, will your charming one accept our tender regard?

“To George Washington from Lafayette, 9 May 1799,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/06-04-02-0041. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Retirement Series, vol. 4, 20 April 1799 – 13 December 1799, ed. W. W. Abbot. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999, pp. 54–59.] (02/12/2024)

I suspect that Anastasie had a stillbirth around August/September of 1801. La Fayette mentioned in a letter to Thomas Jefferson on June 21, 1801:

Anastasia Will Before long Make me Once More a Grand Father

“To Thomas Jefferson from Lafayette, 21 June 1801,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-34-02-0318. [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 34, 1 May–31 July 1801, ed. Barbara B. Oberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007, pp. 403–404.] (02/12/2024)

There is no mention of this child being born and both the achieves in Paris and Courpalay yield no information so that it is unlikely that the child was born and then died young. Georges’ daughter died very young and she still is in the archives. Given La Fayette’s wording we can assume that Anastasie’s pregnancy was already somewhat advanced and the term miscarriage is only used up until the 20th week of a pregnancy, after that it is considered a stillbirth.

Georges and Emilie: The couple lost at least one daughter, Léontine Emilie, young, aged just four weeks. La Fayette wrote in a letter to Thomas Jefferson on February 20, 1807:

My family are pretty well and beg to be most affectionately respectfully and gratefully presented to you—We expected a Boy to be called after your name—But little Tommy has again proved to be a Girl [Léontine Emilie].

“To Thomas Jefferson from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 20 February 1807,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-5122. [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. It is not an authoritative final version.] (02/12/2024)

La Fayette later wrote to James Madison on June 10, 1807:

We Have Had the Misfortune to Loose a female Child of His, four Weeks old [Léontine Emilie]. My Younger daughter Virginia Has Lately presented us With an other infant of the Same Sex [Marie Pauline]. My Wife’s Health is Not Worse at this Moment, But Ever too Bad.

To James Madison from Marie-Adrienne-Françoise de Noailles, marquise de Lafayette, 10 June 1807,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Madison/99-01-02-1768. [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of James Madison. It is not an authoritative final version.] (02/12/2024)

As a sidenote because it confused me while searching for the letter; the archives list Adrienne as the author. I am certain that is wrong because a) Adrienne was not corresponding with James Madison, b) this is not her writing style but La Fayette’s, c) the letter does not have her typical signature and d) there is the passage about the authors wife’s health – this one at the least gives it away.

Identifying Léontine Emilie was actually quite a bit of luck as well. I found the letter to Madison by accident and that letter is the only source that mentions her that I know of. I have never seen her in any other letters, documentation, contemporary or secondary books. The letter helped to narrow her birthday and her date of death down and with that information I searches the archives in Paris and Courpalay in the hopes of finding the child – and I was lucky. While I of course understand the order of things, it still saddens me to see that you can be born into such a prominent family – your father was a Marquis, your grand-father was the Marquis, and still, not even your families biographers care to even mention you.

Virginie und Louis: For all I know, and I again have to say that I have not nearly as much data/correspondence as I would like with regard to these topics, Virginie never lost a child. There is always the question what La Fayette would feel comfortable telling and to whom. There is also the question if La Fayette himself was always aware of everything. For example, in the case of a miscarriage very early on in the pregnancy he might have not included it in his correspondence or in fact maybe not even known himself.

As much as would wish a happy family life for Virginie, stillbirths, infant deaths and especially miscarriages were and still are not uncommon.

I have put excerpts from a few more letters by La Fayette to his American friends under the cut that help identify his grandchildren.

La Fayette to Thomas Jefferson, June 4, 1803:

I am Here, with my Wife, Son, daughter in law, and New Born little grand daughter [Natalie Renée Émilie] taking Care of my Wounds, and Stretching My Rusted Articulations untill I can Return to my Beloved Rural Abode at La Grange.

“To Thomas Jefferson from Lafayette, 4 June 1803,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-40-02-0361. [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 40, 4 March–10 July 1803, ed. Barbara B. Oberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013, pp. 485–486.] (02/12/2024)

La Fayette to Thomas Jefferson, April 20, 1805:

Here I am with my son and daughter in law who is going to increase our family [Charlotte Mathilde]. Her father is to stand god father to the child and if He is a Boy we intend taking the liberty to give Him Your Name.

“To Thomas Jefferson from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 20 April 1805,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/99-01-02-1556. [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. It is not an authoritative final version.] (02/12/2024)

La Fayette to Thomas Jefferson, April 8, 1809:

(…) My Children are in Good Health. Two of them, My daughter in Law [Clémentine Adrienne], and Virginia [Françoise Mélanie] are Going to increase the family.

“To Thomas Jefferson from Marie-Joseph-Paul-Yves-Roch-Gilbert du Motier, marquis de Lafayette, 14 December 1822,” Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/98-01-02-3215. [This is an Early Access document from The Papers of Thomas Jefferson: Retirement Series. It is not an authoritative final version.] (02/12/2024)

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palecleverdoll · 14 hours

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Women of Imperial Russia: Ages at First Marriage

I have only included women whose birth dates and dates of marriage are known within at least 1-2 years, therefore, this is not a comprehensive list. This data set ends with the Revolution of 1917.

Eudoxia Lopukhina, wife of Peter I; age 20 when she married Peter in 1689 CE

Catherine I of Russia, wife of Peter I; age 18 when she married Johan Cruse in 1702 CE

Anna of Russia, daughter of Ivan V; age 17 when she married Frederick William Duke of Courland and Semigallia in 1710 CE

Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter I; age 17 when she married Charles Frederick I, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, in 1725 CE

Catherine II, wife of Peter III; age 16 when she married Peter in 1745 CE

Natalia Alexeievna, wife of Paul I; age 17 when she married Paul in 1773 CE

Maria Feodorovna, wife of Paul I; age 17 when she married Paul in 1776 CE

Elizabeth Alexeivna, wife of Alexander I; age 14 when she married Alexander in 1793 CE

Anna Feodorovna, wife of Konstantin Pavlovich; age 15 when she married Konstantin in 1796 CE

Alexandra Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 16 when she married Archduke Joseph of Austria in 1799 CE

Elena Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 15 when she married Frederick Louis, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1799 CE

Maria Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 18 when she married Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1804 CE

Catherine Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 21 when she married Duke George of Oldenburg in 1809 CE

Anna Pavlovna, daughter of Paul I; age 21 when she married William II of the Netherlands in 1816 CE

Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas I; age 19 when she married Nicholas in 1817 CE

Joanna Grudzinska, wife of Konstantin Pavlovich; age 29 when she married Konstantin in 1820 CE

Elena Pavlovna, wife of Mikhail Pavlovich; age 17 when she married Mikhail in 1824 CE

Maria Nikolaevna, daughter of Nicholas I; age 20 when she married Maximilian de Beauharnais, Duke of Leuchtenberg, in 1839 CE

Maria Alexandrovna, wife of Alexander II; age 17 when she married Alexander in 1841 CE

Elizaveta Mikhailovna, daughter of Mikhail Pavlovich; age 17 when she married Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, in 1844 CE

Alexandra Nikolaevna, daughter of Nicholas I; age 19 when she married Prince Frederick-William of Hesse-Kassel, in 1844 CE

Olga Nikolaevna, daughter of Nicholas I; age 24 when she married Charles I of Wurttemberg, in 1846 CE

Alexandra Iosifovna, wife of Konstantin Nikolaevich; age 18 when she married Konstantin in 1848 CE

Catherine Mikhailovna, daughter of Mikhail Pavlovich; age 24 when she married Duke Georg August of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, in 1851 CE

Alexandra Petrovna, wife of Nicholas Nikolaevich the Elder; age 18 when she married Nicholas in 1856 CE

Olga Feodorovna, wife of Michael Nikolaevich; age 18 when she married Michael in 1857 CE

Maria Feodorovna, wife of Alexander III; age 19 when she married Alexander III in 1866 CE

Olga Konstantinovna, daughter of Konstantin Nikolaevich; age 16 when she married George I of Greece in 1867 CE

Vera Konstantinovna, daughter of Konstantin Nikolaevich; age 20 when she married Duke Eugen of Wurttemberg in 1874 CE

Maria Pavlovna, wife of Vladimir Alexandrovich; age 20 when she married Vladimir in 1874 CE

Maria Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander II; age 19 when she married Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, in 1874 CE

Anastasia Mikhailovna, daughter of Michael Nikolaevich; age 19 when she married Friedrich Franz III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1879 CE

Nadezhada Alexandrovna Dreyer, wife of Nicholas Konstantinovich; age 21 when she married Nicholas in 1882 CE

Elizabeth Feodorovna, wife of Sergei Alexandrovich; age 20 when she married Sergei in 1884 CE

Olga Valerianovna Paley, wife of Paul Alexandrovich; age 19 when she married Erich von Pistolhkors in 1884 CE

Elizabeth Mavrikievna, wife of Konstantin Konstantinovich; age 19 when she married Konstantin in 1885 CE

Anastasia of Montenegro, wife of Nicholas Nikolaevich the Younger; age 21 when she married George Maximilianovich, Duke of Leuchtenberg in 1889 CE

Milica of Montenegro, wife of Peter Nikolaevich; age 23 when she married Peter in 1889 CE

Alexandra of Greece and Denmark, wife of Paul Alexandrovich; age 19 when she married Paul in 1889 CE

Sophie Nikolaievna, wife of Michael Mikhailovich; age 23 when she married Michael in 1891 CE

Victoria Feodorovna, wife of Kirill Vladimirovich; age 18 when she married Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, in 1894 CE

Xenia Alexandrovna, wife of Alexander Mikhailovich; age 19 when she married Alexander in 1894 CE

Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas II; age 22 when she married Nicholas in 1894 CE

Olga Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander II; age 18 when she married Count George-Nicholas von Merenberg in 1985 CE

Maria of Greece and Denmark, wife of George Mikhailovich; age 24 when she married George in 1900 CE

Alexandra von Zarnekau, wife of George Alexandrovich; age 16 when she married George in 1900 CE

Catherine Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander II; age 23 when she married Alexander Baryatinksy in 1901 CE

Olga Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander III; age 19 when she married Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg

Elena Vladimirovna, daughter of Vladimir Alexandrovich; age 20 when she married Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark in 1902 CE

Natalia Brasova, wife of Michael Alexandrovich; age 22 when she married Sergei Mamontov in 1902 CE

Elisabetta di Sasso Ruffo, wife of Andrei Alexandrovich; age 31 when she married Alexander Alexandrovitch Frederici in 1907 CE

Maria Pavlovna, daughter of Paul Alexandrovich; age 18 when she married Prince Wilhelm of Sweden in 1908 CE

Helen of Serbia, wife of Ioann Konstantinovich; age 27 when she married Ioann in 1911 CE

Tatiana Konstantinovna, daughter of Konstantin Konstantinovich; age 21 when she married Konstantine Bagration of Mukhrani, in 1911 CE

Irina Alexandrovna, daughter of Alexander Mikhailovich; age 19 when she married Felix Felixovich Yusupov in 1914 CE

Nadejda Mikhailovna, daughter of Michael Mikhailovna; age 20 when she married George Mountbatten in 1916 CE

Antonina Rafailovna Nesterovkaya, wife of Gabriel Konstantinovich; age 27 when she married Gabriel in 1917 CE

Nadejda Petrovna, wife of Nicholas Orlov; age 19 when she married Nicholas in 1917 CE

Anastasia Mikhailovna, daughter of Michael Mikhailovna; age 25 when she married Sir Harold Wernher in 1917 CE

59 women; average age at first marriage was 20 years old. The oldest bride was 31 at her first marriage; the youngest was 14.

#history #russian

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europeanmusicals · 1 year

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Do you know of any Euro musical productions besides Rebecca going on in Jan-March 2023?

I'm trying to plan a vacation lol, anywhere in Europe would go

TIA!

Alright this isn't going to be a full list because I'm sure I can't find them all but I've done my best. I've decided to make this a list of all musicals in Europe for all of 2023, so that everyone might find this useful (that's code for I love making lists and got carried away).

Musicals in Europe in 2023

2022.12.10 Listed alphabetically by country and then by opening date. Countries listed below are Austria, England, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Switzerland. Click 'keep reading' to see the list.

Edit 2022.12.11: added some more musical in Austria, The Netherlands and Russia. Sources to websites where I found this information and where you can book tickets are now at the bottom of the list. Sorry they weren’t added originally, I made the original list at 1am.

Edit 2022.12.11: added performances at the open-air theatre in Tecklenburg, Germany.

Edit: 2022.12.12 added more shows for Switzerland, Netherlands, Germany, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France.

Edit: 2022.12.15 i can’t keep up with all the asks telling me to add things to the list. please see this tag (european musicals in 2023) to see asks telling me about more shows, but i don’t have the time to keep sourcing and adding them to this list anymore.

Austria

Rebecca das Musical - Vienna, Raimund Theater September 9th 2022 - TBD Cast: Nienke Latten (Ich), Mark Seibet (Maxim de Winter), Willemijn Verkaik (Mrs Danvers), Boris Pfeifer (Jack Favell), Ana Milva Gomes (Mrs Van Hopper), James Park (Frank Crawly), Annemieke van Dam (Beatrice/Alt Mrs Danvrs), Aris Sas (Ben)

The Hunchback of Notre Dame (Disney) - Vienna, Ronacher November 10th 2022 - TBD Cast: Abla Alaoui (Esmerelda), David Jakobs (Quasimodo), Dominik Hees (Phoebus), Andreas Lichtenberger (Frollo), Mathias Schlung (Clopin)

My Fair Lady - Vienna, Volksoper December 14th 2022 - January 10th 2023 Cast: Juliette Khalil (Eliza Doolittle), Axel Herrig (Henry Higgins)

Catch Me if You Can - Linz, Landestheater Linz December 14th 2022 - June 3rd 2023

Anastasia - Linz, Landestheater Linz December 15th 2022 -

Hedwig and the Angry Inch - Vienna, Das Vindobona January 9th 2023 - January 29th 2023 Cast: Drew Sarich (Hedwig), Anna Mandrella (Yitzhak)

Lady in the Dark - Vienna, Volksoper January 26th 2023 - February 22nd 2023 Cast: TBD

Funny Girl - Baden, Stadttheater/Bühne Baden January 28th 2023 - March 25th 2023 Cast: Johanna Arrouas (Fanny Brice), Thomas Weissengruber (Nick Arnstein)

Natasha, Pierre and the Great Comet of 1812 - Linz, Landestheater Linz February 11th 2023 - June 17th 2023

Anatevka - Vienna, Volksoper February 23rd 2022 - March 31st 2023 Cast: TBD

Jesus Christ Superstar - Vienna, Raimund Theater March 31st 2023 - April 10th 2023 (Concert version) Cast: Drew Sarich (Jesus)

The Sound of Music - Vienna, Volksoper April 1st 2023 - May 1st 2023 Cast: TBD

Fun Home - Linz, Landestheater Linz April 13th 2023 - May 22nd 2023

Cabaret - Vienna, Volksoper May 5th 2023 - May 14th 2023 Cast: TBD

The Wizard of Oz (Arlen/Webber) - Vienna, Volksoper May 17th 2023 - June 25th 2023 Cast: TBD

Elisabeth das Musical - Vienna, Schloss Schönbrunn June 29th 2023 - July 1st 2023 (Open air concert) Maya Hakvoort (Elisabeth), Mark Seibert (Der Tod)

Cabaret - Baden, Stadttheater/Bühne Baden July 7th 2023 - August 25th 2023 Cast: Anna Mandrella (Sally Boweles), Drew Sarich (Emcee), René Rumpold (Herr Schultz), Maya Hakvoort (Fraulein Schneider), Alexander Donesh (Cliff), Iva Schell (Fraulein Kost), Jan Walter (Ernst Ludwig)

Dirty Dancing - Linz, Landestheater Linz July 11th 2023 - August 6th 2023

England (West End & UK Tours)

Les Misérables - London, Sondheim Theatre October 8th 1985 - TBD

The Phantom of the Opera - London, Her Majesty's Theatre October 9th 1986 - TBD

Mamma Mia! - London, Novello Theatre April 6th 1999 - September 30th 2023

The Lion King - London, Lyceum Theatre October 19th 1999 - TBD

Wicked - London, Apollo Victoria Theatre September 27th 2006 - TBD

Matilda - London, Cambridge Theatre October 25th 2011 - December 17th 2023

The Book of Mormon - London, Prince of Wales Theatre February 25th 2013 - March 18th 2023

Hamilton - London, Victoria Palace Theatre December 21st 2017 - September 30th 2023

Tina (The Tuna Turner Musical) - London, Aldwych April 17th 2018 - July 11th 2023

Six - London, Vaudeville Theatre January 17th 2019 - TBD

Only Fools and Horses: The Musical - London, Theatre Royal Haymarket February 9th 2019 - April 1st 2023

Mary Poppins - London, Prince Edward Theatre November 13th 2019 - January 8th 2023

& Juliet - London, Shaftesbury Theatre November 20th 2019 - March 25th 2023

Come From Away - London, Phoenix Theatre January 19th 2019 - January 7th 2023

Jersey Boys - London, Trafalgar Theatre July 18th 2021 - April 30th 2023

Pretty Woman - London, Savoy Theatre July 19th 2021 - April 2nd 2023

Frozen - London, Theatre Royal Drury Lane August 27th 2021 - March 26th 2023

Back to the Future - London, Adelphi Theatre September 13th 2021 - February 12th 2023

Get Up, Stand Up! The Bob Marley Musical - London, Lyric Theatre October 1st 2021 - January 8th 2023

Moulin Rouge! - London, Piccadilly Theatre November 12th 2021 - April 15th 2023

Cabaret - London, Kit Kat Club at the Playhouse Theatre November 15th 2021 - December 16th 2023

Heathers - London, The Other Palace Theatre November 25th 2021 - February 18th 2023

Bonnie and Clyde - London, Garrick Theatre March 4th 2022 - May 20th 2023

The Witches of Oz - London, The Vaults Theatre September 19th 2022 - January 14th 2023

Hex - London, Olivier Theatre November 26th 2022 - January 14th 2023

Newsies - London, Troubadour Wembley Park Theatre November 29th 2022 - April 16th 2023

Mandela - London, Young Vic November 29th 2022 - February 4th 2023

Bugsy Malone - London, Alexandra Palace December 3rd 2022 - January 15th 2023

The Rocky Horror Show - UK Tour January 3rd 2023 - September 2nd 2023

Fisherman's Friends - UK Tour January 31st 2023 - May 30th 2023

Jersey Boys - UK Tour January 10th 2023 - May 6th 2023

Sister Act - UK Tour January 11th 2023 - January 27th 2024

Blood Brothers - UK Tour January 17th 2023 - April 29th 2023

Dirty Dancing - Dominion Theatre January 18th 2023 - April 29th 2023

Sylvia - London, Old Vic January 27th 2023 - April 1st 2023

Oklahoma! - London, Wyndham's Theatre February 16th 2023 - September 2nd 2023

Bat out of Hell - London, Peacock Theatre February 17th 2023 - April 1st 2023

The Great British Bake Off Musical - London, Noel Coward Theatre February 25th 2023 - May 13th 2023

Guys and Dolls - London, Bridge Theatre February 27th 2023 - September 2nd 2023

Titanic the Musical - UK Tour March 16th 2023 - August 5th 2023

Ain't Too Proud - London, Prince Edward's Theatre March 31st 2023 - October 1st 2023

The Rocky Horror Show - London, Peacock Theatre May 3rd 2023 - June 10th 2023

Mrs Doubtfire - London, Shaftsbury Theatre May 12th 2023 - January 13th 2024

42nd Street - London, Sadler's Wells June 7th 2023 - July 2nd 2023

Crazy for You - London, Gillian Lynne Theatre June 24th 2023 - January 20th 2024

The Spongebob Musical - London, Queen Elizabeth Hall July 26th 2023 - August 27th 2023

The Drifter's Girl - UK Tour September 12th 2023 - January 13th 2024

France

The Producers / Les Producteurs - Paris, Theatre de Paris December 9th 2022 - April 2nd 2023

The Lion King / Le Roi Lion (Disney) - Paris, Théâtre Mogador December 13th 2022 - June 6th 2023

Cabaret - Paris, Lido2Paris - February 3rd 2023

Josephine Baker the Musical - Paris, Bobino Theatre - February 22nd 2023

Notre Dame de Paris - Paris, NODUS November 15th 2023 - December 3rd 2023

Germany

Tanz der Vampire - Stuttgart, Stage Palladium Theater October 5th 2021 - September 10th 2023 Cast: Filippo Strocchi (Graf von Krolock), Kristin Backes (Sarah), Vincent van Gorp (Afred), Jakub Wocial (Professor Abronsius), Oleg Krasovitskii (Chagal), Anja Bakus (Magda), Wolfgang Zarnack (Koukol), Andreas Nutzl (Herbert), Hanny Aden (Rebeca)

Aladdin (Disney) - Stuttgart, Stage Apollo Theater October 2021 - January 19th 2023 Cast: Gonzalo Campos López (Aladdin), Rita Sebah (Jasmin), Maximillian Man (Genie), Claus Dam (Sultan), Paolo Bianca (Jafar), Terry Alfaro (Iago)

Ku-Damm 56 das Musical - Berlin, Stage Theater des Westens October 2021 - February 19th 2023 Sandra Leitner (Monika), Pedro Reichert (Freddy), Katja Uhlig (Caterina Schollack), Patrik Cieslik (Joachim)

Mamma Mia - Hamburg, Stage Theater Neue Flora October 2021 - August 27th 2023 Cast: Sabine Mayer (Donna), Anna Thorén (alt Donna), Rose-Anne van Elswijk (Sophie), Jennifer van Brenk (Tanja), Franziska Lessing (Rosie), Sasche Oliver Bauer (Sam), Tetje Mierendorf (Bill), Detlef Leistenschneider (Harry)

Hamilton - Hamburg, Stage Operettenhaus October 2021 - September 30th 2023 Benet Monteiro (Alexander Hamilton), Diluckshan Jeyaratnam (alt Hamilton/Aaron Burr), Ivy Quainoo (Eliza Hamilton), Gino Emnes (Aaron Burr), Chasity Crisp (Angelixa Schuyler), Charles Simmons (George Washington), Daniel Dodd-Ellis (Lafayette/Thomas Jefferson), Redchild (Hercules Mulligan/James Maddison), Oliver Edward (John Laurens/Philip Hamilton), Mae Ann Jorolan (Peggy Schuyler/Maria Reynolds), Jan Kersjes (King George)

Frozen/Die Eiskonigin (Disney) - Hamburg, Stage Theater an der Elbe October 2021 - December 23rd 2023 Cast: Sabrina Weckerlin (Elsa), Celena Pieper (Anna), Janneke Ivankova (alt Elsa), Willemijn Maandag (alt Anna), Owen Playfair (Kristoff), Bob van de Weijdeven (Hans), Elindo Avastia (Olaf)

The Lion King/Der Konig der Lowen (Disney) - Hamburg, Stage Theater im Hafen October 2021 - December 17th 2023 Cast: Hope Maine (Simba), Andrea del Solar (Nala), OJ Lunch (Mufasa), Bongiwe Happiness Malunga (Rafiki), Bernd Lambrecht (Scar), Joachim Benoit (Zazu), Tobias Korinth (Timon), S'Thembiso Keith Machiane (Pumbaa)

Moulin Rouge! - Cologne, Musical Dome Autumn 2022 - June 30th 2023

Tina (The Tina Turner Musical) - Stuttgart, Stage Apollo Theater March 7th 2023 - December 23rd 2023 Cast: Aisata Blackman (Tina Turner)

Romeo und Julia: Liebe ist Alles (Plate/Sommer) - Berlin, Stage Theater des Westens March 21st 2023 - June 30th 2023

Madagascar: A Musical Adventure - Tecklenburg, Freilichtspiele Tecklenburg May 14th 2023 - August 30th 2023

Musical Meets Pop / Pfingstgala -Tecklenburg, Freilichtspiele Tecklenburg May 29th 2023

Mozart! das Musical - Tecklenburg, Freilichtspiele Tecklenburg June 16th 2023 - August 27th 2023

Robin Hood das Musical - Fulda, Schlosstheater June 18th 2023 - August 27th 2023

Miami Nights - Tecklenburg, Freilichtspiele Tecklenburg July 21st 2023 - September 10th 2023

Tarzan (Disney) - Stuttgart, Stage Palladium Theater November 18th 2023 - June 30th 2024 Cast: TBD

Ireland

Six - UK and Ireland Tour, Belfast April 11th 2023 - April 15th 2023

Italy

Sister Act - Milan, Teatro Nazionale CheBanca December 2022 - January 8th 2023

The Netherlands

Aladdin - The Hague, Circustheater Scheveningen October 2021 - February 26th 2023 Cast: Jonathan Vroege (Aladdin), Stanley Burleson (Genie), Keoma Aidhen (Jasmine), Roberto de Groot (Jafar), Michel Sorbach (Sultan), Darren van der Lek (Iago)

Tina (The Tina Turner Musical) - Utrecht, Beatrix Theater October 2021 - February 18th 2023 Cast: Nyassa Alberta (Tina), Nurlaila Karim (alt Tina)

Charlie and the Chocolate Factory - Netherlands Tour December 7th 2022 - March 5th 2023

The Prom - Royal Theater Carré January 20th 2023 - January 22nd 2023 Cast: Pia Douwes, Juliette van Tongeren

Les Misérables - Royal Theater Carré March 1st 2023 - March 19th 2023 Milan van Waardenburg (Jean Valjean), René van Kooten (alt Jeab Valjean), Freek Vartels (Javert), Yannick Plugers (Thénardier), Michael Muyderman (Marius), Channah Hewitt (Fantine), Vajén van den Bosch (Éponine), Ellen Pieters (Madame Thénardier), Mark Roy Luykx (Enjolras), Sem Gerritsma (Cosette)

Aida (Disney) - The Hague, Circustheater Scheveningen April 12th 2023 - June 30th 2023

Les Misérables - Royal Theater Carré July 5th 2023 - July 23rd 2023 Milan van Waardenburg (Jean Valjean), René van Kooten (alt Jeab Valjean), Freek Vartels (Javert), Yannick Plugers (Thénardier), Michael Muyderman (Marius), Channah Hewitt (Fantine), Vajén van den Bosch (Éponine), Ellen Pieters (Madame Thénardier), Mark Roy Luykx (Enjolras), Sem Gerritsma (Cosette)

Six - Amsterdam, Delamar Theatre September 20th 2023 - October 1st 2023

Six - Rotterdam, Nieuwe Luxor Theater October 4th 2023 - October 8th 2023

Russia

Fear Nothing, I Am With You НИЧЕГО НЕ БОЙСЯ, Я С ТОБОЙ - Moscow, MDM Theatre 2022 - February 26th 2023

First Date - Moscow, MDM Theatre December 17th 2022 - January 28th 2023

Valentine’s Day - Moscow, MDM Theatre December 22nd 2022 - January 21st 2023

Demon Onegin мюзикл Демон Онегина - St Petersburg December 23rd 2022 - July 23rd 2023

Master and Margarita МАСТЕР И МАРГАРИТА - St Petersburg December 29th 2022 - July 16th 2023

Alice in Wonderland (Gleb Matveychuk) - St Petersburg, Большой зал театра музыкальной комедии January 2nd 2023 - January 4th 2023

Miracle-Yudo ЧУДО-ЮДО- St Petersburg January 4th 2023 - January 6th 2023

Hits From The Broadway And The Whole World - St Petersburg, Большой зал театра музыкальной комедии January 5th 2023, January 19th 2023

The Count of Monte Cristo (Frank Wildhorn) - St Petersburg, Большой зал театра музыкальной комедии January 6th 2023 - January 8th 2023

Notre Dame de Paris + Romeo et Juliette - St Petersburg January 13th 2023

Can-Can - St Petersburg, Большой зал театра музыкальной комедии January 14th 2023 - January 15th 2023

Bely.Petersburg - St Petersburg, Большой зал театра музыкальной комедии January 17th 2023

Thieves’ Carnival - St Petersburg, Большой зал театра музыкальной комедии January 18th 2023

Peter I ПЁТР I (Frank Wildhorn) - St Petersburg, Большой зал театра музыкальной комедии January 20th 2023 - TBD

The Mousetrap - St Petersburg, Большой зал театра музыкальной комедии January 21st 2023

Queen of Spades Дама Пик - St Petersburg January 25th 2023 - January 26th 2023

Diamond Chariot Алмазная колесница - St Petersburg January 20th 2023 - April 9th 2023

Lolita Лолита - St Petersburg February 3rd 2023 - July 28th 2023

Seven Short Stories Семь новелл - St Petersburg February 11th 2023 - May 9th 2023

Rasputin РАСПУТИН - St Petersburg February 9th 2023 - May 6th 2023

Scotland

Six - UK and Ireland Tour, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Glasgow May 2nd 2023 - May 13th 2023, August 29th 2023 - September 3rd 2023

Spain

Company - Madrid, UMusic Hotel Teatro Albéniz November 17th 2022 - February 14th 2023

The Lion King / El Rey León - Madrid, Teatro Lope de Vega December 2022 - March 31st 2023

Tina (The Tina Turner Musical) - Madrid, Teatro Coliseum December 2022 - January 8th 2023

Switzerland

Sister Act - Zurich, MAAG halle December 2022 - Feburary 23rd 2023

Lady Bess - St Gallen, Theatre St Gallen January 12th 2022 - April 26th 2023

Wustenblume - St Gallen, Theatre St Gallen May 23rd 2023 - June 10th 2023

Wales

Six - UK and Ireland Tour, Aberdeen August 8th 2023 - August 12th 2023

Sources (links not clickable otherwise Tumblr may block/hide the post):

musicalvienna.at

muzcomedy.ru

spotlight-musicals.de

stage-entertainment.com/productions

theatersg.ch

theatreinparis.com

mm-musical.ru

volksoper.at

companyelmusical.es

charliedemusical.nl

londontheatre.co.uk/whats-on

landestheater-linz.at/musiktheater

buehnebaden.at

drew-sarich.com

carre.nl/en

freilichtspiele-tecklenburg.de

sisteract-musical.ch

sixthemusical.com

moulin-rouge-musical.de

#i spent.. more time on that than i meant too #answeredasks #musicals #musical theatre #masterlists #european musicals #europeanmusicals #elisabeth das musical #tanz der vampire #rebecca das musical #drew sarich #european musicals in 2023

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eurovision-facts · 1 year

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Eurovision Fact #342:

In total, there have been 11 sets of twins at Eurovision.

The first pair to appear was the Kessler twins, who represented Germany in 1959. The Kesslers finished 8th overall.

Next, Luxembourg was represented by Sophie and Magaly Gilles in 1980. The sisters finished 9th overall.

In 2004, the Turkish entry, Athena, was comprised of twin brothers Hakan and Gökhan Özoğuz. The pair finished 4th in the Grand Final, the best result by any set of twins at Eurovision.

North Macedonia's 2009 entry, rock band Next Time, also consisted of twin brothers. Martin and Stefan Filipovski unfortunately did not make it to the Grand Final, placing 10th in the First Semi-Final.

The following year, the Belarusian group 3+2 brought twin sisters Alena and Ninel Karpovich, the "2" in 3+2, to the Eurovision stage. The group finished 24th in the Grand Final.

2011 saw two sets of twins: John and Edward Grimes representing Ireland as Jedward, and sisters Daniela and Veronika represtned Slovakia as TWiiNS. Jedward finished 8th in the Grand Final, but TWiiNS only placed 13th in the Second Semi-Final.

The following year, Jedward returned to represent Ireland, but only managed to place 19th in the Grand Final.

In 2014 there was once again two sets of twins: France was represented by the group TWIN TWIN, which consisted of Eurovision's first fraternal twins, Lorent and François Ardouvin, and their friend Patrick. The group finished last, 26th, at the Grand Final. On the other hand, Russia was represented by the Tolmachevy Sisters, Anastasia and Maria. The duo also won the Junior Eurovision Song Contest in 2006. At Copenhagen, they managed to place 7th in the Grand Final.

In 2017, the group OG3NE, representing the Netherlands, consisted of three sisters, two of which were fraternal twins: Amy and Shelley. The two are a year younger than their sister Lisa. The group placed 11th at the Grand Final.

Finally, for this year's contest (2023), Azerbaijan will be represented by TuralTuranX.

[Sources]

Eurovision Twins, MyHeritage.com.

Eurovision Fact #337.

Eurovision Fact #341.

Sets of Twins Who Have Competed At The Eurovision Song Contest, YouTube.com.

Participants of Cannes 1959: Alice and Ellen Kessler, Eurovision.tv.

Participants of The Hague 1980: Sophie and Magaly, Eurovision.tv.

Participants of Istanbul 2004: Athena, Eurovision.tv.

Athena (band), Wikipedia.org.

Participants of Moscow 2009: Next Time, Eurovision.tv.

Participants of Oslo 2010: 3+2, Eurovision.tv.

Participants of Düsseldorf 2011: Jedward, Eurovision.tv.

Participants of Düsseldorf 2011: TWiiNS, Eurovision.tv.

Participants of Baku 2012: Jedward, Eurovision.tv.

'Twin Twin Interview: François, Lorent and Patrick are single!,' Wiwibloggs.com.

Participants of Copenhagen 2014: TWIN TWIN, Eurovision.tv.

Copenhagen 2014 Grand Final Scoreboard, Eurovision.tv.

Participants of Copenhagen 2014: Tolmachey Sisters, Eurovision.tv.

Participants of Kyiv 2017: OG3NE, Eurovision.tv.

Participants of Liverpool 2023: TuralTuranX, Eurovision.tv.

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mxdam · 10 months

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Conor Leslie

this is brigitte--margarethe's third and youngest daughter. way back in the day, i'm talking 2015, i had a follower who preferred to remain anonymous who would send me messages as gitte, a character of their own invention. they even had a blog for her briefly! unfortunately we fell out of touch, as that's the nature of the medium, but i have such a soft spot for this character!

brigitte is somewhat younger than anastasia and drisella, not even really a preteen when the events of the movie take place, and she's much closer to her mother than either of her elder sisters. margarethe's third pregnancy was much easier, less physically debilitating, and less emotionally painful than her first two, and she bonded very readily with infant brigitte in a way she never did with ana and drisella. she and brigitte are comfortable and loving with each other and physically affectionate (on their own terms--like 1 hug a day) and margarethe is patient with her in ways she never could be with her other children.

i imagine this is brigitte as she is post-movie, some 10-15 years in the future, living with her mother in the netherlands. anastasia and drisella will have married by this point, and margarethe, now about 60, is losing her sight. as brigitte grows and naturally becomes more independent and interested in the world, margarethe is growing equally more dependent on her youngest, given her increasing disability as well as the emotional pressures of "losing" all three of her children--in particular, losing her youngest, her favorite. the strain on their bond is new to both of them. as the tension increases, you can imagine how much worse margarethe's behavior gets.

send me a faceclaim and i’ll tell you who they’d be in my muse’s life as a NPC.

#anonymous #██ meme response tag.#thank you for this!

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lcstinfantasy · 4 months

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new muses

name: james oliver alexander age: 25 origin region: netherlands title: prince, next in line to the throne. parents: edward alexander and queen celeste alexander siblings: anastasia marie alexander fc: william moseley james knew that coming with the royal title that he was going to be expected to behave a certain way and for most of his formative years, he played exactly into that role. but his family allowed college as an option to them. allowing them to venture away from the family if only for a short time. in that time, james found out more about himself. he became a lot more loose. not really following exactly in traditions. partying and just showing off. he had plenty of years before he became king.

#𓍊𓋼𓍊𓋼𓍊 new muses #(visage || james)#(musings || james)#(about || james)#(headcanons || james)#(inspo || james)#(answered || james)#(threads || james)

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anotherescsite · 5 months

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HEROES: Junior ESC 2023

Personally, Junior Eurovision is an abomination that creeps me out and make my poor ears bleed. That said there are songs in the Senior Eurovision that do that also (yes - I'm looking at Iru who consequentially came from the Juniors and won with Candy).

While there are entries that are travesties and screechy, there is sometimes quality as well. Needlessly you watch and sometimes a song sticks and you have it on your playlist: I still listen to 'Shut up' from Belgium and Antes Muerta Que Sencillas from Spain. And of course what seems great in a film could be a squealing disaster on the night.

So let's see what we have this year:

ALBANIA: Viola Gjyzeli - Bota Ime

Interesting entry from Albania that could be their best entry ever or a crashing mess. It has potential depending on the staging and Viola's vocal. The film is pleasant without going overboard with colourful lighting on trees.

ARMENIA: Yan Girls - Do it my way

The Armenian entry is a pack of girls with a modern hard hitting entry. This could do well; choreography is ready, the outfits will be flashy and it will be attractive to the children voting. May be a bit repetitive.

ESTONIA: Arhanna - Hoiame Kokku

This is the first Estonian song in the Juniors. The film says that it's about friendship, but hidden within is maybe something more Sappho-ic. The song does not sound interesting or memorable for me.

FRANCE: Zoé Clausure - Coeur

Defending champ nation has an interesting peppy entry that will present well, but not win. I think they will place her behind a piano for some of it and I expect there will be a dancer of some sort.

GEORGIA: Anastasia and Ranina - Over the sky

Now this could be interesting. There are three of them and while it is crediting Anastasia as the lead, the other two put in the work too. The harmonies are very nice and the song is a gentle lullaby of a song. The video is more a loopy trip than a film.

GERMANY: Fia - Ohne Worte

I read Fia's story on the Juniors website and I am a little emotional half way through the song. It was unexpected. I don't know if it will do well, but I was engaged by seeing Fia and her sister, and the signing makes sense. I do hope it does better than expected.

IRELAND: Jessica McKean - Aisling

Gaelic always seems to give a song some whimsy and that's were this has gone. Children will not appreciate the beauty of this ballad. I'm sure that it will be presented nicely on the stage. I'm not sure if last year's Irish entrant will also be appearing, but it worked.

ITALY: Melissa and Ranya - Un Mondo Giusto

I don't know about this one. I'm not getting it. One of them has a better voice than the other and there are points where I expect there will be Italian yelling vocals which I'm not a fan of.

MALTA: Yulan - Stronger

This song is interesting as this could be a major moment of the night or a let down. Yulan seems like someone who can perform and if she can pull it off could go well for them.

NETHERLANDS: Sep & Jasmijn - Holding On To You

Another modern number with synth elements. I guess it will come down to chemistry on stage, if they can sing and dance, but I like it. I think it has good lyrics and a good beat.

NORTH MACEDONIA: Tamara Grujeska - Kaži Mi, Kaži Mi Koj

The introduction goes for almost 30 seconds and I was wondering if she would begin singing at all. For me, it is too much moan-singing and because of that I don't like it. Don't think it will finish highly.

POLAND: Maja Krzyżewska - I Just Need A Friend

Poland has had a good run lately. This could do well depending on styling, performance and choreography etc. Not sure if it will with though.

PORTUGAL: Júlia Machado - Where I Belong

A very quiet song, but maybe a very personal song. It has no sparkle to make it stand out so I don't expect a high place for this one.

SPAIN: Sandra Valero - Loviu

Hmm. It's an upbeat number which has the kind of feeling you expect from a little girl singing. Her voice could be annoying if she sings higher. Simple enough that it could score well.

UKRAINE: Anastasia Dymyd - Kvitka

A very young girl singing an age appropriate song. It's a bit repetitive and simple but it's okay to listen to.

UNITED KINGDOM: STAND UNIQU3 - Back To Life

This one will do well. There is a lot of space for choreography and vocals. The sound of the song is different to everything else sounding almost like a 1930s swing number.

Who will win is anyone's guess. I'd maybe put my money behind Malta, Armenia or Georgia and the UK as a dark horse. I may be completely wrong.

#junior esc #eurovision #2023 #nice #france #Heroes

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jackredfieldwasmyjacob · 6 months

Note

have you listened to the jesc songs? which is your favourite??

I HAVE NOT BUT I SHOULD. you know what. i'm gonna listen to them in the bus and you'll get my live opinion on them:

-Albania (Bota ime - Viola Gjyzeli): Love the harmonies! It really sounds like an esc Albanian song huh. Very epic and such.

-Armenia (Do it my way - Yan Girls): OH LOVE THE VIBES FOR THIS ONE!!! GIRLBAND GOODNESS !!! Also I love they still sing in Armenian even if there's bits of English there :) I am sure it has a sick choreography but alass i'm hearing them on spotify

-Estonia (Hoiame Kokku - ARHANNA): ooooh this one sounds so powerful!!! Love the chorus with the two voices! It's definitely a serious topic, sounds like it has a strong message

-France (Cœur - Zoé Clauzure): I am sadly not inmune to french singing. It just sounds too good I have no option but to stan 😔. Oh that little 'ay ay ay' in the chorus is so familiar to me but I couldn't tell you why. The high notes !!!!

-Georgia (Over The Sky - Anastasia & Ranina): I was sad the song started in English but now they're singing in Georgian which :) THE HARMONIES !!!!! THE LITTLE SCREAMING PARTS !!!!!

-Germany (Ohne worte - Fia): Uuu I really like her voice. It sounds kinda school? I don't know how to explain it. Not much else to say tho, the song is fairly simple. Not that it's a bad thing tho.

-Ireland (Aisling - Jessica McKean): Is that Irish I'm hearing ????? If it is big slay from Ireland in jesc exactly !!! If it's not I'm so sorry I cannot understand anything </3 Nevertheless, love her voice and how whispery it is!

-Italy (Un mondo giusto - Melissa, Ranya): OHHH THAT RASPY VOICE ONE OF THEM HAS !!!! INSANE !!!! It's sounds so epic !!! Why do they sing parts in English tho :( The chorus is insane !!!

-Malta (Stronger - Yulan): This one also sounds pretty epic, I can see this one playing in the radios. Love the voice as well. That last part !!!! And the highs !!!

-Netherlands (Holding on To You - Sep & Jasmijn): Love to hear Dutch! It sounds so good in song !!! Uuuu love the vibes with this one honestly!!! THE BEAT OH MY GOD IT'S SUCH A BOP

-North Macedonia (Kazi Mi, Kazi Mi Koj - Tamara Grujeska): We love a Balkan ballad exactly !!!! She has such a beautiful voice! Quick question is it a requirement for a percentage of the song to be in English??? Cause tons are mixing English in there and I cannot say I love it. Anyways. Classic Balkan ballad with folk elements, what's not to love honestly.

-Poland (I Just Need a Friend - Maja Krzyzewska): wait why is this one so depressing ??? a very pretty voice tho. it's just very :( the bridge is cute

-Portugal (Where I belong - Júlia Machado): her voice singing in portuguese is quite possibly the cutest thing i've ever heard omg 😭 too much English tho :( once again her portuguese is sooooo

-Spain (Loviu - Sandra Valero): okay polyglot queen I see you !! These lyrics are so cute actually 🤧 in general the song is so cute!!! You were not wrong this song is actually good :)

- Ukraine (Kvitka - Anastasia Dymyd): ooooh I do love me an ethnic song yesss!!! Love the beat for this one! THE SCREAM!!!

-UK (Back to life - STAND UNIQU3): This one is also super radio friendly. And is this another girlband??? Cause if then massive slay for them! The tune is catchy enough

OKAY CAN WE TALK ABOUT HOW EVERYONE (EXCEPT I GUESS MALTA) SUNG IN THEIR LANGUAGES ???? EVEN IRELAND ???? WHY DOESN'T THIS HAPPEN IN ESC

anyways. after this first listen I think my favourite is Netherlands! of course as with esc the scenography and live vocals are quite important so this might change. but yeah. for now Netherlands is the one for me :)

#ask #jesc 2023 #jesc #this took two days oooops #but it was fun so thank you <3

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loadsofplaces · 1 year

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Netherlands

General Information The Netherlands are a country in Western Europe. The region had been part of several European kingdoms before independence in 1581. Approximately the first century of independence is considered to be the Dutch Golden Age, during which the country was one of the most influential nations of Europe with colonies and trading posts established worldwide. In 1815, the Kingdom of the Netherlands was established, since 1848 the Netherlands have been a parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands have 18 Million inhabitants, the largest minorities are Turkish, Moroccans and Surinamese. Around half of inhabitants are non-religious, others are mostly Christian (Roman Catholics being the largest denomination followed by Protestants and Dutch Reformed Christians). The official language is Dutch, the capital is Amsterdam.

The World’s Tallest People Dutch people are often ranked as the world’s tallest, with men being around 182.53 cm and women 168.72 cm on average.

~ Anastasia

Economy The economy of the Netherlands is, according to Forbes, the 15th largest in the world as of 2022 in terms of gross domestic product (GDP). Its GDP per capita was estimated at $72,973 in the fiscal year 2023, which makes it one of the highest-earning nations in the world.

~ Damian

Sources: https://www.britannica.com/place/Netherlands https://www.businessinsider.nl/tallest-people-world-countries-ranked-2019-6/ https://www.expatica.com/nl/moving/about/netherlands-facts-108857/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Netherlands

#Netherlands #Tallest #Amsterdam #Dutch #Economy

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anastasiamusicalupdates · 1 year

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Wilemijn Maandag and Milan van Waardenburg as Anya and Dmitry at The Hague, Netherlands.

#anastasia the musical #anastasia netherlands #wilemijn maandag #milan van waardenburg #anya romanov #dmitry sudayev #anya in a crowd of thousands #dmitry in a crowd of thousands #any nightgown

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n-rnova · 1 year

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The eligible princesses of the 1920s

It was the headline in The New York Times that caught my attention. "Princess Spinsters Worry Sovereigns: Royal Daughters, coming of age all at once, exceed princely suitors in Europe...."European royalty is facing a crisis in family life which is giving no end of worry to the households of various sovereigns. The trouble is due to too many princesses coming of age simultaneously without enough royal princes to go around." As we approach the 21st century, we may scoff at such headlines. But in the 1920s, marriage was largely the only option for royal princesses. The one exception was Crown Princess Juliana of the Netherlands, the only child of Queen Wilhelmina and Prince Hendrik of the Netherlands Prince Heinrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin). Juliana was an eligible princess who was also the heir to her country's throne.

The dispatch acknowledged that there was a "growing popularity of marriages between royalty and the nobility." In 1923, Princess Jolanda of Italy married Italian count Giorgio Calvi di Bergolo, a member of the Italian aristocracy.

Virginia Pope, writing in 1929 in The New York Times, noted: "Husband hunting is no easy task for royal princesses nowadays. There are far fewer prospective crowned heads to choose from, and the uncertain future of thrones has caused princesses to look outside the charmed circle of royalty for their mates."

In other words, there were not enough princes to go around. The Great War was responsible not only for the deaths of millions of young men but was also the catalyst that brought down three of the most powerful thrones in Europe: Russia, Germany, and Austria.

Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Emperor Karl I of Austria spent their final years in exile.

The Bolsheviks murdered the Russian Emperor and his family. Had they survived, the four daughters of Nicholas II,Olga, Tatiana, Maria, and Anastasia, would certainly have topped most lists as the most eligible young royal women.

despite his hemophilia, Alexis' position as heir to the Russian imperial throne, would have meant a brilliant dynastic marriage.

The surviving Romanovs, as well as the Archduchesses of Austria and the princesses and duchesses of the former German ruling families, were no longer considered on the A-List for marital consideration. The Greek princesses largely lost their allure when King George II was deposed in 1924.Seven years later, the former highly touted Infantas Beatriz and Maria Cristina of Spain experienced the same situation when their father, King Alfonso XIII, went into exile when Spain was declared a republic.As the New York Times article pointed out, marriages with the nobility were popular. In Britain, such marriages were becoming the norm as the first three royal weddings since the end of World War I was with members of the British aristocracy. On July 17, 1917, the day when the British Royal Family renounced their German titles and adopted Windsor as the name of the House, King George V wrote in his diary: "I've also informed the [Privy] Council that May and I decided some time ago that our children would be allowed to marry into British families. It was quite a historic occasion."

(It should be noted that before the accession of George I, it was not uncommon for a member of the English or Scottish royal families to marry into the noble families. Queen Victoria encouraged such marriages, as well. Her daughter, Louise, was married to the Duke of Argyll, and her granddaughter, Princess Louise of Wales, was the wife of the Duke of Fife).In February 1919, George V's cousin, Princess Patricia of Connaught married the Hon. Alexander Ramsay of Mar, the younger son of Earl of Dalhousie. The Princess, who preferred painting and country life to royal panoply, renounced her royal title, and following her marriage, she was known as The Lady Patricia Ramsay. It was also unlikely that George V's only daughter, Princess Mary, would marry a foreign prince, although some assumed she might marry her first cousin, Crown Prince Olav of Norway. In 1922, Mary married Viscount Lascelles, heir to Harewood earldom. Her parents supported the marriage, and her countrymen were delighted that the princess would remain in Britain. Crown Prince Olav aside, the majority of her suitors were British aristocrats, including Lord Lascelles, the Earl of Dalkeith, and Viscount Althorp, whose fathers were the Duke of Buccleuch and Earl Spencer, respectively. A generation earlier, however, Mary probably would have wed a German prince. But in 1922, it was untenable that a British princess would consider marriage with a German prince. The Great War was still fresh in Britain's memory.

One of Princess Mary's adult bridesmaids was Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, the youngest daughter of the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. Lady Elizabeth had been briefly courted by Prince Paul of Yugoslavia, but she accepted the proposal from Mary's second brother, Prince Albert "Bertie," the Duke of York. They were married at Westminster Abbey in April 1923. "Duke of York Weds Simple Scots Maid; Throngs Hail Them," headlined The New York Times.

The princesses who emerged as the marital front runners in the 1920s included Jolanda, Mafalda, and Giovanna of Italy, the elder daughters of King Vittorio Emanuele III and his Montenegrin wife, Elena

Princess Ingrid of Sweden, only daughter of Crown Prince Gustav Adolf of Sweden

and her cousins, Martha and Astrid, the younger daughters of Prince Carl and Princess Ingeborg

Crown Princess Juliana of the Netherlands

Princess Marie-José of Belgium

Infanta Beatriz of Spain

Princesses Elisabeth of romania

Princesses maria of romania

Princesses Ileana of romania

#history #world history #fairytales #1920s fashion

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nordleuchten · 2 years

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The forgotten children

The sad truth is that history sometimes tends to forget and to overshadow. Take the La Fayette family. A prominent family and when the oldest daughter Anastasie de La Fayette married on May 9, 1798 Juste-Charles de Fay (Faÿ) de La Tour-Maubourg, the family was overjoyed. The couple’s future looked bright, when La Fayette wrote on August 20-21, 1798 to George Washington:

(…) But Anastasia Being a little Unwell, tho’ Nothing Alarming in it, Has Made a Halt in Holland, with Charles Maubourg, while Her Mother and Virginia Have proceeded on their way to paris where they now Have Been a few days Arrived (…)

“To George Washington from Lafayette, 20–21 August 1798,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Retirement Series, vol. 2, 2 January 1798 – 15 September 1798, ed. W. W. Abbot. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1998, pp. 539–545.] (10/11/2022)

The reason for Anastasie being unwell? She was pregnant and Virginie wrote happily in her book:

After a short stay there [Paris], and a visit to Mme de Chavaniac in Auvergne, we all met again in the following year (1799) at Vianen, near Utrecht [in the Netherlands]. My father had come there from Holstein, with George. Exiles can fix themselves nowhere. Their only thought is to abandon their momentary home, their only wish, to depart. It was there that my sister gave birth to her first child, and that my aunts came to see us.

And in the footnotes, we can read:

Célestine de Maubourg, married to the Baron de Brigode who died “Pair de France.”

Mme de Lasteyrie, Life of Madame de Lafayette, L. Techener, London, 1872, p. 337.

Jules Germain Cloquet published this little chart in his book:

Jules Germain Cloquet, Recollections of the Private Life of General Lafayette, Baldwin and Cradock, London, 1835, p. 227

We see that Anastasie was the mother of two daughters, her oldest child being Célestine – but what if I were to tell you, that that is not all? I went to search the baptism record of Célestine in the Archives of Utrecht – and was for once successful in my inquiry.

We see that Célestine Louise Henriette was baptised on February 2, 1799. Her aunt Virginie and Alfred Louis Marie de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg stood as witnesses. But prior to Célestine’s baptism there was another one. “Maria Victorina” (the Dutch spelling) was baptism and her grand-mother Adrienne as well as one of her father’s brothers, Marie Victor Nicolas de Fay de La Tour-Maubourg, were her godparents. Marie and Célestine were twins.

It seems as if “Maria Victoria” must have died shortly after her baptism because on May 9, 1799 to Thomas Jefferson:

“To George Washington from Lafayette, 9 May 1799,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Retirement Series, vol. 4, 20 April 1799 – 13 December 1799, ed. W. W. Abbot. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1999, pp. 54–59.] (10/11/2022)

But there is more, La Fayette further wrote to Thomas Jefferson on June 21, 1801:

The Health of My Wife is Mending—Anastasia Will Before long Make me Once More a Grand Father—Virginia is as Yet UnMarried—My Son Who Has Received Two Wounds at the Battle of the Mincio and is Now With me intends to Set out in a few Weeks for Milan Where His Regiment is Quartered (…)

“To Thomas Jefferson from Lafayette, 21 June 1801,” Founders Online, National Archives, [Original source: The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, vol. 34, 1 May–31 July 1801, ed. Barbara B. Oberg. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007, pp. 403–404.] (10/11/2022)

Most sources name Jenny as Anastasie’s next child but Jenny was born on September 6, 1812 (La Fayette’s birthday). Some other sources (less credible ones, if you were to ask me) claim that there was a daughter by the name of Louise, born in 1805. I could find nothing about her or any other potential children, but I think it is safe to assume that Anastasie and Charles had to carry some of their children to the grave, just like her parents had to do with her oldest sister Henriette.

#marquis de lafayette #la fayette #french history #american history #letter #history #anastasie de lafayette #virginie de lafayette #founders online #utrecht archive #la tour-maubourg #george washington #thomas jefferson #1798 #1799 #1801 #1805 #1812 #resources

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writersmeadow · 2 years

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Do not write about social issues you don't understand

A root of so many problems. Just as I believe that utter confidence in topic may create a counter-productive effect (J Maas really fucked up with "feminism" in her series), I believe that it can be wrong to force inclusion (even feed your writing for marketing purposes) of a social problem, when you clearly have no idea how. Let me explain by showing you how I dealt with ethnicity and race in my WIP.

As a white Slavic female, I understand the issues of ethnicity or misogyny, but not racial discrimination issues. This does not give me a right to disregard issues of people of colour - but because Slovakia is quite a monoracial country, it would be a very complicated topic to deal with in my writing. I have never had friends of different races and ethnicities until I moved to the Netherlands, and even there, I did not have a chance to deeply connect with e.x. African Americans. I may understand this issue from an outsider point, but unless I will have a community of people who suffer because of racism, I cannot understand it fully.

I have dealt with ethnic discrimination and stereotypes throughout different media and life experiences. I know what it is like to be portrayed as an evil mafia “rashan gopnik” Jurij the assassin, as well as plastic gold digger Anastasia, to feel like I have no right to be in an independent nation (Slovakia-Hungary, Russian Occupation), or that "I only know how to drink vodka" and be a "poor brainwashed pretty Slavic girl" etc. Thanks to my Indian friends in Europe e.x., I know how common it is to be labelled as “the cheap migrant” who should “return to their country”. Same does not go for social issues of solely racial discrimination in the country with history of racial injustice.

I would not recommend authors to write about problems they cannot understand deeply.

You can, however, gain a deep understanding and do your research before addressing these issues in your writing.

Example: As a university Japanese minor, I dig deeply into this country, study language and history and directly communicate with members of the country. Do not make a large inclusion of Japanese culture unless you are exposed and educated about the history and social issues, know Japanese people and respect their opinions on the topic. It will, more often, end up in J.K. Rowling ethnicity disaster (Viktor Krum and Cho Chang????). Mind that with more inclusion, your responsibility to do more research comes.

Ways to solve this

To deal with a complication like this in my socially-motivated writing, I decided to build the world on made-up ethnicities, where discrimination is represented by portraying it in different sources of magic. Some users of one source believe that their magic is better, even to the point of colonising and enslaving the others. This is an important aspect in my book. I believe that by making sure I will be able to portray discrimination issues whilst making sure (!)I am not stealing ethnical and racial history and culture(!) will be the best solution for someone who was not exposed to certain aspects of it.

(!) It also does not mean my book will be full of white people. I include various races in my book, this is out of question (you should also mind the stereotypes and remain respectful in your writing - not using terms "sexy chocolate skin", "smart almond eyes" etc, lack of exposure does not excuse ignorance - it is also highly uncreative). But races do not play the same role as on Earth, you ethnical identity is linked to imaginary sources.

I definitely plan to include topics of human race (and ethnicity) as an important social aspect in my next works, when I will be able to communicate with those to who it concerns - digging into other cultures, whether that will be Indian, Ethiopian or Latvian one, or racial issues of African Americans, Asians or Latinos,... For now, I do not feel brave enough to portray those topics correctly and mindfully. Therefore, I will not feed my novel off those issues - out of respect for the culture I have not been exposed to and cannot fact-check properly with.

To close this miserably long essay with, if you want to address a social issue in your WIP, dig deep, make sure to be exposed, connected and educated, beware of stereotypes and don't be J. K. Rowling and Sarah J. Maas. Na zdravie!

#female writers #social justice #book #authors #wip #writing in progress #author ramblings #social problems #inclusion #reformation of writing #writegram #book author #fantasy #writing tips #writing

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