#pullman economics

[addressingsophism]

The Lies Of Hustle Culture:

That Social Dominance Orientation isn't steeped in logical fallacies and cognitive biases

That Cultural Hegemony is beneficial to workers and is inherently honest

That working well guarantees equal or better benefits when compared to not working (nature; not welfare)

Some people are natural workaholics (see: the psychology of narcissistic attention seeking and anxiety disorders)

The 40 hour work week is natural, has been a normative behavioral staple for a millennia, and is common across cultures

That Fordism and Pullman Economics have been around forever

That society and businesses abide by meritocratic and open equal access principles

That the current Fordism-based system isn't detrimental to the Environment and Social Environment

That work ethic determines validation of personal ethics, beliefs or special rights

That corruption in the workplace, the government employment offices, and courts doesn't exist.

That there are no significant unjustifiable health risks tied to the current work culture

That compensation and taxes are based on rational systems and that irrational systems don't eventually cause market issues

#economics #economy #social ecology #fordism #pullman economics #money #class #classism #class warfare #equal oppertunity #biases #compensation #work #workplace #enviornment #enviormentalism #cultural hegemony #hustle culture #government #social work #psychology #sociology #psychiatry #social dominance #system justification #health #economics of health #healthcare

[iamdexter123]

“Political and economic ideologies are framed in metaphorical terms. Like all other metaphors, political and and economic metaphors can hide aspects of reality. But in the area of politics and economics, metaphors matter more, because they constrain our lives. A metaphor in a political or economic system, by virtue of what it hides, can lead to human degradation.”

(this continues below the cut)

“Consider just one example: LABOR IS A RESOURCE. Most contemporary economic theories, whether capitalist or socialist, treat labor as a natural resource or commodity, on a par with raw materials, and speak in the same terms of its cost and supply. What is hidden by the metaphor is the nature of the labor. No distinction is made between meaningful labor and dehumanising labor. For all of the labor statistics, there is none on meaningful labor. When we accept the LABOR IS A RESOURCE metaphor and assume that the cost of resources defined in this way should be kept down, then cheap labor becomes a good thing, on a par with cheap oil. The exploitation of human beings through this metaphor is most obvious in countries that boast of “a virtually inexhaustible supply of cheap labor”—a neutral-sounding economic statement that hides the reality of human degradation. But virtually all major industrialized nations, whether capitalist or socialist, use the same metaphor in their economic theories and policies. The blind acceptance of the metaphor can hide degrading realities, whether meaningless blue-collar and white-collar industrialist jobs in “advanced” societies or virtual slavery around the world.”

- Lakoff and Johnson, from the chapter ‘Understanding’ in Metaphors We Live By

#Quotes #literature #lakoff and johnson #george lakoff #mark johnson #Metaphors we live by #Reference #dexterreads #long quote but boy this book has been fascinating #it’s amazing the things you find when you go down referencing rabbit hole! #it started with #philip pullman #then moved to #mark turner #and ended up here #where to next? #gonna pull this bad boy out at work #take THAT neoclassic economics #welcome to the theory of planetary and social boundaries

[alarajrogers]

You know how there are all these Christmas movies where the big amazing thing is that Santa turns out to actually exist, and all the adults are big surprised?

This makes zero sense. If Santa really existed, then presents that adults did not buy would be magically turning up under the Christmas tree every year, and it would be obvious to all adults who celebrate Christmas and have children that yes, there really is a Santa Claus.

I want to write a story that explores this premise. Not one of those grim n' gritty things where Santa is really a child molester or is spying on you for the CIA or whatever, but realistic. What does the existence of Santa do to the world? How has the manufacturing sector been influenced by a being who does enormous amounts of manufacturing of certain types of goods, for free? Can Santa use his outsized economic power for the good of children everywhere, or is he a naive idiot blundering around in a world that has outgrown his capabilities? What do world governments think of a guy who can traverse the entire United States in the course of a single evening, making deliveries? Is there only one Santa or are Father Christmas and other cultures' versions of Santa all different guys?

My feeling is that at some point, as children started being influenced by branding and corporations got bigger, Santa switched from having the elves manufacture everything to give to the kids, to buying toys from the corporations and giving them away to the kids, giving him incredible economic power since he's basically the largest buyer of certain types of goods. Where does Santa get his money, and what does he use it for?

Again, I'm not about the grim n gritty; Santa in my view is a genuinely benevolent entity who will not do anything he knows to be harmful, but either he was never human or he hasn't been human in hundreds of years, so does he actually know what is harmful? Elves are not exploited and oppressed, they are fairly compensated for their work, but how do they feel about existing in a world where there's basically only one guy they can work for because the rest of the world has become too dangerous for them to exist in?

And does Santa do anything about children living in dire poverty whose greatest Christmas wish is enough food to survive, or a roof over their heads? Isn't it kind of gross to be giving some kids bicycles while ignoring the children who are being brutally abused? And what about Jewish kids and other kids who don't celebrate Christmas; is Santa deliberately ignoring them because he's a Christian bigot, or is there some other force at work preventing him from helping them?

I'm not Christian myself except in the cultural sense; I was raised Catholic but became agnostic around 8th grade, and my parents were an atheist and a Deist who were both cultural Catholics but not actually religious. And I'm not interested in shit like "Santa is the spirit of giving at Christmas" because I am an sf/fantasy writer and my whole thing is exploding metaphors into something more realistic. (Philip Pullman said, "It's a metaphor, don't expect it to do the work of a fact." Well, I do, Mr. Pullman. My metaphors are very hard working and they can pull their own weight almost as hard as a fact.) I want to know... if Santa was real, how would that change the world we live in?

[dnaamericaapp]

Why We Celebrate Labor Day: Two Of The Little-Known Heroes Of Pullman

Jennie Curtis and E.D. Nixon are two of these lesser-known heroes who were part of the struggle for human rights — and the reason we still celebrate Labor Day.

In 1894, Jennie Curtis was a 23-year-old seamstress in debt to industrial titan George Pullman. Pullman had created an empire building and servicing train cars that felt like hotels on wheels.

Curtis had been earning $2.25 a day, but after the economic panic of 1893, her wages were cut to 80 cents a day. Her father, also a Pullman employee, had died and left her with a $60 debt to the company. Her already tight wages were garnished, and she had to navigate verbal abuse from her supervisor and the bank. Curtis was one of the most electrifying speakers at the American Railway Union convention in Chicago, which lead to the strike and President President Grover Cleveland to sign legislation that would make Labor Day a national holiday.

Long after the Pullman strike and first official Labor Day in 1894, Pullman porters, African American workers excluded from the early unions, continued to influence the national fight for civil rights.

When Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery Bus on December 1, 1955, the man who bailed her out of jail was E.D. Nixon. The next morning, it was Nixon who called a young pastor named Martin Luther King Jr. and asked him to lead a boycott of the city bus system. Nixon had little to no formal education but had served as a Pullman porter and union member for three decades. -(source: npca.org)

DNA America

“It’s what we know, not what you want us to believe.”

#dna #dnaamerica #news #politics

#dna #news #politics #dnaamerica

[rockislandadultreads]

November NoveList Challenge

For this month's challenge, give thanks and read a book about chosen family or family gatherings! For more recommendations, be sure to check out NoveList - all you need is your library card!

Everyone in My Family Has Killed Someone by Benjamin Stevenson

Everyone in my family has killed someone. Some of us, the high achievers, have killed more than once. I'm not trying to be dramatic, but it is the truth. Some of us are good, others are bad, and some just unfortunate.

I'm Ernest Cunningham. Call me Ern or Ernie. I wish I'd killed whoever decided our family reunion should be at a ski resort, but it's a little more complicated than that.

Have I killed someone? Yes. I have.

Who was it?

Let's get started.

This is the first volume of the "Ernest Cunningham" series.

Adult Assembly Required by Abbi Waxman

When Laura Costello moves to Los Angeles, trying to escape an overprotective family and the haunting memories of a terrible accident, she doesn’t expect to be homeless after a week. (She’s pretty sure she didn’t start that fire - right?) She also doesn't expect to find herself adopted by a rogue bookseller, installed in a lovely but completely illegal boardinghouse, or challenged to save a losing trivia team from ignominy… but that’s what happens. Add a regretful landlady, a gorgeous housemate, and an ex-boyfriend determined to put himself back in the running and you’ll see why Laura isn’t really sure she’s cut out for this adulting thing. Luckily for her, her new friends Nina, Polly, and Impossibly Handsome Bob aren't sure either, but maybe if they put their heads (and hearts) together they’ll be able to make it work for them.

This is the second volume of "The Bookish Life of Nina Hill" series.

The Monsters We Defy by Leslye Penelope

In the summer of 1925, along Washington, DC’s “Black Broadway”, a malevolent entity has begun preying on Negro residents. Twenty-three-year-old Clara Johnson is determined to discover what’s going on in her community. Using her natural ability to talk with spirits, she begins to investigate, but a powerful spirit tasks her with a difficult quest: steal an ancient, magical ring from the finger of a wealthy socialite.

When Clara meets Israel Lee, a supernaturally enhanced jazz musician also vying for the ring, the two decide to work together. They put together an unlikely team including a former circus freak, a pickpocketing Pullman Porter, and an aging vaudeville actor to pull off an impossible heist.

But a dangerous spirit interferes at every turn and conflict in the spirit world is leaking out into the human world. With different agendas, even if Clara and Israel pull off the heist, only one of them can truly win.

Our Missing Hearts by Celeste Ng

Twelve-year-old Bird Gardner lives a quiet existence with his loving but broken father, a former linguist who now shelves books in a university library. Bird knows to not ask too many questions, stand out too much, or stray too far. For a decade, their lives have been governed by laws written to preserve “American culture” in the wake of years of economic instability and violence. To keep the peace and restore prosperity, the authorities are now allowed to relocate children of dissidents, especially those of Asian origin, and libraries have been forced to remove books seen as unpatriotic - including the work of Bird’s mother, Margaret, a Chinese American poet who left the family when he was nine years old.

Bird has grown up disavowing his mother and her poems; he doesn’t know her work or what happened to her, and he knows he shouldn’t wonder. But when he receives a mysterious letter containing only a cryptic drawing, he is pulled into a quest to find her. His journey will take him back to the many folktales she poured into his head as a child, through the ranks of an underground network of librarians, into the lives of the children who have been taken, and finally to New York City, where a new act of defiance may be the beginning of much-needed change.

#family stories #fiction #fall reading #library resources #library books #reading recommendations #reading recs #book recommendations #book recs #tbr #tbr pile #to read #booklr #book tumblr #book blog #library blog #readers advisory

[argyrocratie]

“The railroads, Albert Jay Nock observed, were — “with few exceptions” — not a “response to any economic demand. They were speculative enterprises enabled by State intervention, by allotment of the political means in the form of land-grants and subsidies….”

Those federal land grants, according to Matthew Josephson, in effect transformed the railroad companies into land companies. In the decade before 1861, “the railroads, especially in the West, were ‘land companies’ which acquired their principal raw material through pure grants in return for their promise to build, and whose directors… did a rushing land business in farm lands and town sites at rising prices.” For example, under the terms of the Pacific Railroad bill, the Union Pacific (which built from the Mississippi westward) was granted twelve million acres of land and $27 million worth of thirty‐year government bonds. The Central Pacific (built from the West Coast eastward) received nine million acres and $24 million worth of bonds.

No less a right-libertarian eminence than Murray Rothbard confirms that the land grants included not only the rights-of-way for the actual track, “but fifteen-mile tracts on either side of the line.” This was so that, as the lines were completed, the railroads could cash in by selling off the now-prime real estate at its new, astronomically increased value. Every home and business in the new towns that sprang up along the railroad routes was bought from the railroad companies. In addition, the land grants also included valuable timber land.

Let’s look a little closer at those railroad bonds Josephson mentioned above, while we’re at it. Theodore Judah, chief engineer for what would be the Central Pacific railroad, stated that the project “could be done — if government aid were obtained.” One of the railroad’s leading promoters, Collis Huntington, obtained financing by bribing local governments (including Stockton, Sacramento, and San Francisco) into issuing bonds (“ranging from $150,000 to $1,000,000”), and/or extorted them with the threat of being bypassed in favor of other towns.

Michael Piore and Charles Sabel argue that it is quite unlikely the railroads would have been built anywhere near as quickly, or on as large a scale, had they not been funded by massive subsidies. The initial capital outlays required to secure rights-of-way, prepare road beds, and lay track were too costly.[34] The federal government also overcame transaction costs by revising tort and contract law, among other things exempting common carriers from liability for many kinds of physical damage caused by their operation.

Absent all these subsidies, Lewis Mumford speculates, the railroad system that emerged would likely have been much lower in capacity and less centralized — a large number of regional railroad systems geared primarily to supporting local and regional industrial district economies, and loosely linked together (if at all) by fewer and smaller national trunk lines.

In addition to the subsidies mentioned so far, the federal government has also intervened constantly to enforce labor discipline in the railroad industry and guarantee its smooth functioning. Consider, for example, President Grover Cleveland’s use of federal troops to break the Pullman Strike in 1896. The Railway Labor Act of 1926 gave the federal government power to impose mediation and binding arbitration on unions, forcing workers to accept terms defined by the government in the interest of avoiding strikes.

The history of state subsidies and protections to the railroad industry is a prime example of the state’s role in subsidizing transportation, artificially reducing the cost of shipping freight and thereby making larger firms serving larger market areas artificially profitable. As Noam Chomsky writes:

One well-known fact about trade is that it’s highly subsidized with huge market-distorting factors…. The most obvious is that every form of transport is highly subsidized…. Since trade naturally requires transport, the costs of transport enter into the calculation of the efficiency of trade. But there are huge subsidies to reduce the costs of transport, through manipulation sorts of market distortion function.

Also included in the pencil’s ancestry, Read writes, “are the men who poured the concrete for the dam of a Pacific Gas & Electric Company hydroplant which supplies the mill’s power!”

Since Read fails to specify the particular dam from which the San Leandro mill gets its power, there’s no way of knowing the details of its history. But it’s odd, to say the least, for an article touting the voluntary decisions of “free men and women” to discuss the ordinary workers pouring concrete for a dam without once mentioning eminent domain or the Army Corps of Engineers.

Railroads and hydroelectric dams both occupy prominent places in the long history of state-funded “internal improvements” in the development of the American economy. Transportation and utility infrastructure, in turn is just part of the larger phenomenon by which the capitalist state has socialized all the major input costs of “private” industry. James O’Connor, in The Fiscal Crisis of the State, referred to such expenditures as “social investment”; they referred to “expenditures required for profitable private accumulation,” and more specifically “projects and services that increase the productivity of a given amount of laborpower and, other factors being equal, increase the rate of profit.”Because taxpayers assume a major portion of the cost side of the ledger, the rate of profit on capital is artificially inflated. But over time, an increasing share of total corporate costs must be socialized in order for capital to remain profitable.

Unquestionably, monopoly sector growth depends on the continuous expansion of social investment and social consumption projects that in part or in whole indirectly increase productivity from the standpoint of monopoly capital. In short, monopoly capital socializes more and more costs of production.

...

-Kevin Carson “I, Pencil Revisited”  (2023)

#kevin carson #railroads

[thereadingmoon]

Last Book I...

Thanks to @wearethekat for tagging me!

Here are the last books I…

Bought: Harrow the Ninth by Tamsuin Muir. Because of the pandemic and economic recession, book prices have inflated insanely in the past two years in the Philippines, so I don't buy books as often as I did when I was younger. I had someone buy it for me because they happened to be in the bookstore and asked, and I wondered what they thought when the blurb on the back screamed, "THE NECROMANCERS ARE BACK, AND THEY'RE GAYER THAN EVER."

Borrowed: Si Janus Silang at ang Tiyanak ng Tábon (roughly translates to Janus Silang and the Goblin of Tábon) by Edgar Calabia Samar. I've slowly been getting into learning more of Tagalog and I thought the best way to do that was to actually read more Tagalog books. i really need to give it back after keeping it for 2.5 years. This is like a Filipino equivalent of Percy Jackson: it's a middle grade/YA novel about a young gamer who realizes the game he's playing isn't all that it seems and that creatures of regional Filipino folklore are real.

Was Gifted: Christmas 2019. Mythology: Timeless Tales of Gods & Heroes by Edith Hamilton and Warcross by Marie Lu. Both given by people who didn't really know my taste in books. Mythology is very much a living room tabletop talk-piece because I'm familiar enough to know Greek mythology but not obsessed enough to read the whole thing through just yet, and Warcross didn't really get me going. My biggest gripes were worldbuilding and the amatonormativity. Why couldn't they have just been platonic colleagues??

Gave/Lent to Someone: I need to get Northern Lights/The Golden Compass by Philip Pullman and A Darker Shade of Magic by V.E. Schwab back from two different people. The pandemic's parted me from them for too long!

Started: Dæmon Voices by Philip Pullman, for my studies on the writing craft. I don't think I'll end up finishing it, though.

Finished: The Haunting of Hill House by Shirley Jackson. Like wearethekat, read below :^D

Gave 5 Stars: I adored Haunting of Hill House, and I read it right after We Have Always Lived in the Castle. My partner watched the Netflix series and agreed a lot was changed when I gushed about it. I'm still debating on watching it. I loved the characterization, the relationships, the unreliable narrator, the obsession… Oh, and I love minor lesbian rep. I'm addicted to it.

Gave 2 Stars: On Writing, by Stephen King. Read it for the same reason as Dæmon Voices. I loved the autobiographical parts but skipped out on a lot of the actual advice because I felt like it retreads on a lot of things already covered by other books and King has this way of saying subjective opinions in a very authoritative way that made my inner rebellious teen go, "Haha. No <3."

Didn't Finish: Does On Writing count since I skipped over a large chunk of it?

And finally tagging (without obligation): @oddluckyfluff and @ninelispenardst to get the both of them into bookblr if they wish to! And anyone else who wants to play :^D

#booklr #bookblr #tagging game #tag game #last book i #and i mean it when i say ANYONE CAN PLAY !!

[lboogie1906]

Asa Philip Randolph (April 15, 1889 – May 16, 1979) was one of the most respected leaders of the Civil Rights Movement. He was a labor activist; editor of the political journal The Messenger; organizer of the 1941 March on Washington Movement, which resulted in the establishment of the Fair Employment Practices Committee, and architect of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.

He was the son of Rev. James William Randolph, a minister in the AME Church, and Elizabeth Robinson Randolph, a seamstress. He worked a series of menial jobs while pursuing a career as an actor. He married Lucille E. Green (1914-1963) a Howard graduate. The couple did not have any children.

While taking classes at the City College of New York and New York University, he co-founded the socialist magazine The Messenger. He began his career as a labor organizer working to create a union for elevator operators in New York.

He drew upon these experiences in 1925 to create the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. The Pullman Company was the largest single employer of African Americans in the nation at the time. Many of the 10,000 Pullman Porters were college graduates and highly respected in their communities, yet on the job, they were subjected to low wages, disrespectful treatment, and discriminatory practices.

As WWII loomed, his concerns shifted to segregation in the military and the exclusion of African Americans from defense industries and war production employment. He, the NAACP, and the Urban League failed to sway FDR to end segregation in the military and defense industries, he initiated the March on Washington Movement. He co-founded the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights to coordinate the legislative activities of several organizations working against racial discrimination.

He continued to advocate political and economic equality throughout his life, founding the Negro American Labor Council, serving on the AFL-CIO Executive Council, and establishing the A. Philip Randolph Institute, a jobs training center. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #phibetasigma

[raunhealy55]

Discovering The Perfect Travel

The founding company is Caribbean Travel and Life, Inc. which revealed the magazine in Alexandria, Virginia, after which, in Silver Spring, Maryland, before moved it to Winter Park, Florida. Caribbean Travel & Life was dedicated to the Caribbean region and was named the official consumer publication of the Caribbean Tourism Organization and the Caribbean Hotel Association. The network is made up of fully branded outlets, My Travel Group and The Travel Brokers. Restrictions imposed within the closing months of the warfare, such because the removal of sleeping automobiles from runs of less than 450 miles, eased the issues of military travel however increased the burden confronted by civilians.

That same week, more than 250,000 servicemen and women have been transported in organized troop movements requiring 726 Pullman vehicles and 512 coaches. Although such incidents are remoted, an auto provider ship can sink. Antigua and Barbuda are two islands that form a rustic situated within the West Indies. The vibro compaction know-how was also used for the Palm Islands. worsktream.com to totally dieselize was the brand new York, Susquehanna & Western, which changed 29 steam locomotives with 16 Alco diesel-electrics between 1942 and the summer time of 1945. Tens of millions of soldiers, sailors, and aviators needed to be processed through discharge centers and returned residence within the months following V-J Day -- nearly every certainly one of them touring by practice.

Most believed that the conversion from steam to diesel was inevitable, but would occur over an extended time frame as steam locomotives got here to the tip of their economic lives and had been changed. The conversion would be gradual and orderly, allowing the manufacturers to put money into new production facilities. The principal builders -- Baldwin, Alco, Lima -- anticipated to compete against each other for locomotive orders long into the longer term. One in every of the key factors contributing to the success of telepsychiatry is the high degree of affected person satisfaction. Regardless of restrictions, there were also brave attempts to enhance the steam locomotive.

#worsktream.com

[raggedyanndy]

Happy Black History Month!

Here is the bibliography from my paper on the Civil Rights Movement and labor unions, in case you're looking for some reading ideas!

Baptist, Willie, and Jan Rehmann. Pedagogy of the Poor: Building the Movement to End Poverty. Teachers College Press, 2011.

Bates, Beth Tompkins. Pullman Porters and the Rise of Protest Politics in Black America, 1925-1945. Chapel Hill, 2001.

Botson, Jr., Michael R. Labor, Civil Rights, and the Hughes Tool Company. Texas A&M University Press, 2005.

Bynum, Cornelius L. A. Philip Randolph and the Struggle for Civil Rights. University of Illinois Press, 2010.

Draper, Alan. Conflict of Interests. ILR Press, 1994.

Honey, Michael K. Going Down Jericho Road. W.W. Norton & Company, 2007.

---. Southern Labor and Black Civil Rights. University of Illinois Press, 1993.

King, Martin Luther, Jr. “All Labor Has Dignity.” Edited with introductions by Michael K. Honey. Beacon Press, 2011.

Laurent, Sylvia. King and the Other America: The Poor People’s Campaign and the Quest for Economic Equality. University of California Press, 2018.

#black history month

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"CANADIANS BEAT JUNGLE, SNAKES, TO BUILD WAR-VITAL RAILROAD," Porcupine Advance (Timmins). August 26, 1943. Section 1, page 2. --- Canada's Plane Programme force opening of new Bauxite Mines in British Guiana - Roadbed Kept Disappearing into Swamp, Manager says - 40-mile Road took Year to Complete ---- Montreal, Aug. 24. - Canadian-born engineers have just completed constructing a railroad through forty miles of steaming Jungle in British Guiann, and "they had first to kick the snakes out of the way and then lay the roadbed over and over again he cause the gravel kept disappearing into the swamp," says F. L. Parsons, general manager of the Demarara Bauxite Company, Ltd., who oversaw the job.

Aluminum plants in Canada, turning out the metal which keeps the United Nations flying, forced construction of the new railroad, says Mr. Parsons, now visiting this city. "It taken four tons of bauxite to make one ton of aluminum and your Canadian plants have been eating up the mineral at such a pace that down in South America we have had to open new bauxite mines. We now have to strip from the mine site an overburden of earth up to 100 feet thick.

"It took a year to build those forty miles of road. It runs from Mackenzie, where we crush, wash and dry the bauxite, to a spot in the jungle called Ituni. We had unskilled labor. And we had to deal with the mud, the snakes, and sometimes an ocelot, which is a South American tiger.

"This job has added to the reputation of Canadians, which is already high in South America. They like us down there because we treat the people well. For instance, our colored boys like to travel by train so we give them free rides on the railroad in our Pullmans - old freight cars with the sides out and benches in. And we take good care of our white people, of course. Recently we found it necessary to build a swimming pool for them as they cannot bathe in the river with safety because of a freshwater shark called the piranha, a vicious little brute about eighteen inches long, nearly all mouth and three rows of teeth. It bites off fingers and toes. In gangs this fish even brings down cows drinking in the river. It's a curse.

"Now we're ready to operate our new road, which the people of British Guiana foresee will ultimately lead to opening up back country full of riches. I hope Canada will follow up the good impression her engineers and other technicians have been making down there. Recently, the Daily Chronicle of Georgetown, said: "Taking a retrospective glance, one is bound to say that the history of industrial, economic and social development in this country in the past decade cannot the written without allotting priority of place to the Canadians, our greatest Empire cousins in the Western Hemisphere.

"The job Canadians are doing to the south can, I believe, be built into a lot of good post-war business."

#british guyana #guyana #british empire #bauxite #aluminum production #aluminum factory #resource capitalism #resource extraction #canada in the british empire #capitalism in canada #canadian capitalists #racial capitalism #imperial racism

[truelambertsen79]

9 Unusual Information About Boston Black Car Service

Maybe an excellent digital workplace would really be essentially the most you want. They offer many business amenities and good entry. By taking advantage of know-how and different new workplace providers, you possibly can provide your clients a lot of the same benefits as your actual estate-leasing counterparts. There was additionally an analogous attempt of this "standardized car" concept made within the United States round the identical time with the US Standard Gentle Rail Automobile, with vehicles constructed by Boeing Vertol for Boston's Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority and the San Francisco Municipal Railway. You had to pitch your landlord the identical way you did your venture capitalists. Around the flip of the century (that would be this one), you couldn't get workplace area in San Francisco with out first exhibiting your potential landlord your business plan and providing inventory options. One week after the taking pictures, Collier's open-air memorial service was attended by greater than 10,000 folks-including 1000's of police officers from the new England area and Canada-in a ceremony hosted by the MIT community. Those employees nonetheless need area when they arrive to the workplace, but they don't want a delegated desk that sits empty three days out of the week. This reduces the house necessities to your workplace, and nonetheless allows your telecommuters to get work completed while they're within the office.

So, you'll be able to see that as of the tip of last 12 months, issues have been nonetheless just about booming on this planet of economic actual estate, albeit barely much less so than in 1999 and 2000. Does that mean you will have a hard time finding workplace space? Do you really need actual estate in order for what you are promoting to succeed? The Norman WFO, like many of the opposite National Weather Service forecast places of work, maintains a large social media presence in order to higher talk hazardous weather info and short-time period forecast data to the public. Obviously, if you are planning a large manufacturing venture, you'll need commercial or industrial space by which to do it. Tenant area These are rented areas which are used for particular projects for short periods of time (often weeks or months). Census Bureau, home offices have also jumped from 4 million in 1990 to 11 million in 1997. The quantity is anticipated to extend to 20 million in 2001. Allowing telecommuting has transfer newark manhattan on your office house needs. The vacancy fee in San Francisco jumped from 2% in 2000 to 9% in 2001. Now, landlords are less picky and will often divide up floors of their buildings to swimsuit smaller tenants.

How Long Will This Take? In this edition of HowStuffWorks, we'll take you thru the technique of determining how much area you need, discovering the best location, inspecting the place, and negotiating the deal. ­where is the entire exhausting work and success going to happen? These are useful for work forces that travel the vast majority of the time. But what concerning the smaller guys who are beginning a consulting service? ­ First, ­let's begin with what the opposite guys are doing. Is the constructing you're contemplating in an area that is rising? What are your options in terms of office house? If your work includes traveling, you might have many options for where you can get your work executed. It really works for companies which have the majority of their staff on the street most of the time. The South Suburban Genealogical and Historical Society holds information for approximately 200,000 employees of Pullman Works. PCC automobiles, with the stability of round 25% being equipped by Pullman. In most markets, area is readily obtainable (San Francisco being the least straightforward market). Hotelling Standard within the consulting, monetary, and high tech fields, this system permits you to buy or lease a smaller space than you'll otherwise need.

Ought to you purchase or lease your space? Telecenters This can be a enterprise heart that rents house together with entry to clerical help, e-mail, voice mail, fax companies and a receptionist. You'll be able to receive packages, and have 24-hour access to your box. The area itself will dictate what you need to pay, so check out the typical costs per square foot, and assume about the placement wants of your business lengthy and hard before making your transfer. Regardless of bans in opposition to them, mock executions proceed as a means of torture -- maybe because of their effectiveness in breaking a detainee's will. Your credit ranking is not going to be fairly as crucial for leasing as it could be for buying. This platform permits CapeFLYER trains (which, like different MBTA trains, place the first automotive at the mini-excessive platforms) to keep away from blocking the Academy Drive crossing while stopped at the station. The obvious, and least comfy, is the parking lot outdoors your shopper's constructing, or the seat you discover at the airport while ready to board your airplane. An public sale of all Pullman remaining belongings was held on the Pullman plant in Chicago in early 1970. The Pullman, Inc., company remained in place till 1981 or 1982 to close out all remaining liabilities and claims, operating from an office in Denver.

#transfer newark manhattan

[kheelcenter]

On This Day in 1925

#OnThisDay August 25, 1925, The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first predominantly African American labor union, was founded.

Asa (A.) Philip Randolph, who founded the Black Socialist publication The Messenger and would orchestrate the ‘March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom’ in 1963, felt strongly about the plight of the Pullman Porters during the 1920s. He proclaimed that the Pullman Porter was made “to carry out the gospel of unionism in the colored world. His home is everywhere.” After publishing “The Case of the Pullman Porter” in 1925 to garner public support, he formed an organizing committee and orchestrated a mass meeting of 500 Pullman Porters to set forth a list of demands addressing the economic exploitation and discrimination of Pullman Workers.

The next day over 200 Porters came to The Messenger’s offices to join the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and by the end of the month nearly all Sleeping Car Porters in New York had joined the newly formed union. The union set out to organize throughout the country, setting up divisions in cities throughout the country.

By 1935, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters under Randolph became the first African-American union in the country to be affiliated with the American Federation of Labor (AFL). The BSCP went on to defeat the Pullman Company’s union, gaining union recognition from the anti-labor Pullman Company, and eventually securing an international charter as the union expanded into Canada.

This collage of images from the union’s publication ‘The Black Worker’ features editorial depictions of Black workers in triumphant stances emanating strength and power, challenging the racist Jim Crow depictions of African-American workers in the twentieth century iconography from publications such as the Pullman Company's publication 'The Pullman News'. Images from one of our previous exhibitions, “The Other Side of the Tracks: Social Mobility and Discrimination in the Railroad Industry.”

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[gscotty5150]

Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, serving non-consecutive terms from 1885 to 1889 and again from 1893 to 1897. He was born on March 18, 1837, in Caldwell, New Jersey. Cleveland was the first Democrat to be elected President after the Civil War.

During his first term, Cleveland focused on civil service reform, reducing tariffs, and advocating for a sound currency. He became known for his honesty, integrity, and commitment to public service. Cleveland also worked to establish an Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate railroads. Cleveland's presidency saw several notable events, including the Statue of Liberty being dedicated in 1886 and the Panic of 1893, which led to an economic depression. He took measures to address the economic crisis but faced opposition and was unable to fully resolve it during his second term. Although Cleveland achieved many policy successes, his handling of the Pullman Strike in 1894 generated controversy. He sent federal troops to suppress the strike, leading to violence and loss of life.After leaving office, Cleveland retired to private life and focused on writing and public speaking. He passed away on June 24, 1908, in Princeton, New Jersey. Overall, Grover Cleveland left a lasting legacy as a proponent of limited government, civil service reform, and fiscal responsibility. His commitment to public service and dedication to honest governing continue to be remembered today.

#my writing

[lightdancer1]

Wrapped up the next biography:

Grover Cleveland stands as one of the more unusual Presidents of the 19th Century. He was the only Dem elected from the time of Lincoln to Woodrow Wilson, though he was elected to two full terms (which itself was a feat that other than him only Ulysses S. Grant managed in the second half of the 19th Century). Cleveland also was a man invincibly wrapped in self-assurance and more bluntly self-righteousness. When he was good, he was very, very good.

When he was bad he was horrid. His greatest achievement was holding the USA to the path by which its current economic power can be based upon. His worst achievement was holding the USA to the path on which its current economic power rests, amplified by his approach to the Pullman Strike and his general willingness to go far beyond Rutherford Hayes in wielding the Army to crack down on strikers.

Cleveland's life, like that of his immediate predecessor Chester Arthur, doesn't lack for drama. Unlike his successors Harrison and McKinley he stands more in his own right and not in the shadow of a grandfather or a 'damned cowboy' who became President because an anarchist had good aim. His Administration represents a distinct set of turning points and the points at which American politics could no longer neglect the final stages in transformations that began before the War of the Rebellion and were accelerated after it.

Ultimately one can also note at the end of the day that unlike all his predecessors and many of his successors he was a politician who hammered the Democratic Party into a useful political machine, something that hasn't always or primarily been true.

9/10.

[thebarmanofficial]

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