#ion channel

[humancelltournament]

Propaganda!

The Golgi apparatus, also known as the Golgi complex, Golgi body, or simply the Golgi, is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. Part of the endomembrane system in the cytoplasm, it packages proteins into membrane-bound vesicles inside the cell before the vesicles are sent to their destination. It resides at the intersection of the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways. It is of particular importance in processing proteins for secretion, containing a set of glycosylation enzymes that attach various sugar monomers to proteins as the proteins move through the apparatus.

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Their functions include establishing a resting membrane potential, shaping action potentials and other electrical signals by gating the flow of ions across the cell membrane, controlling the flow of ions across secretory and epithelial cells, and regulating cell volume. Ion channels are present in the membranes of all cells.

#tournament poll #polls #wikipedia #cells of the human body #science tournament #golgi apparatus #ion channel #image descriptions in alt text

[bpod-bpod]

Change the Channel

Blocking the budding of viruses – when they wrap themselves in the host cell membrane and move off to spread the infection – could be a good strategy to stop them in their tracks. Researchers interested in alphaviruses – a type that includes chikungunya and Sindbis viruses – examined the role of a protein called 6K in virus assembly and spreading. They found that it functions as a channel to let molecules pass through membranes, like has been seen in proteins of HIV and influenza. This ion channel activity was needed for the formation of vacuoles in the cell, which promote the transport of proteins to the cell lining where they are incorporated into new virus particles (these proteins in red spread throughout the membrane, left, compared to clumping in the absence of 6K, right). Interfering with 6K action could be a new way to treat infection, and nip budding in the bud.

Written by Anthony Lewis

Image from work by Zeinab Elmasri and colleagues

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in PLOS Pathogens, October 2022

You can also follow BPoD on Instagram, Twitter and Facebook

#science #biomedicine #chikungunya #sindbis #influenza #hiv #ion channel #viruses #vacuoles #immunofluorescence

[medicomunicare]

No pain, no gain: not true for ion flows regulating cartilage loss in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OAS) is characterized by cartilage degeneration with the loss of the extracellular matrix that allows the joint to compress without damage. The chondrocytes in OAS show multiple alterations in their metabolism. These occur as part of the chondrocyte response to both external mechanical and internal biochemical stimuli. Chondrocytes also produce multiple inflammatory and enzymatic…

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#cartilage #cellular signaling #cellular stress #chondrocyte #extracellular matrix #inflammation #ion channel #pain transmission #public health #signaling pathway

[whats-in-a-sentence]

In the absence of ABA, these PP2Cs bind to the C termini of SnRK2s and block SnRK2 kinase activity by removing phosphate groups from a region within the kinase domain termed the activation loop (Figure 15.32A). (...) SnRK2 proteins are then free to phosphorylate their many target proteins, including ion channels regulating stomatal aperture and the transcription factors that bind ABA Response Elements to in gene promoters to activate ABA-responsive gene expression (Figure 15.32B).

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

#book quotes #plant physiology and development #nonfiction #textbook #aba #abscisic acid #pp2c #protein phosphatase #snrk2 #sucrose non fermenting related kinase #phosphate #kinase #activation loop #phosphorylation #ion channel #stomata #transcription #gene expression

[tenth-sentence]

Target proteins include transcription factors, various protein kinases, Ca²+-ATPases, enzymes producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ion channels.

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

#book quote #plant physiology and development #nonfiction #textbook #protein #target protein #transcription factor #kinase #protein kinase #calcium #cation #atpase #enzyme #reactive oxygen species #ros #ion channel

[opens-up-4-nobody]

...

#its sort of funny. i think my medication is working pretty well. i feel stable in a way i never really have before #is it the dopamine stablizer or is it my ion channels? whos to say. it doesn't matter. but it also doesnt change some things #the ways i think and react negativly to change. but it makes it easier to deal with. i still experience this strange dispaire on the #weekends or anytime im not working. i think the oddest thing is thst i dont think ive ever been this consistenly sad #not in a depressed sort of way. just a passing thoughts make me tear up sort of way. it doesnt feel out of control. it just feels like a #prelude to grief i guess. bc my mum is still in the hospital and its so hard to kno what that means from halfway across the country #my sisters are both home right now. they both live within 3hrs of where we grew up. one sister lives in the city my mom goes to for #treatment. so they have the opportunity to see her more than me. i dunno if they do tho. we dont really talk. i dont kno if they're as sad #as i am. if im overreacting bc i cant physically see what's happening. what the feeling is in the room. not that she would probably complain #shes the suffer in silence type. my dad keeps texting us pics of our shitty lil sunroom that hes redoing #to make my mum a lil sanctuary. he must be sad too. its his wife. hes staying with her in the hospital rn. i dunno its so weird #when i talk to my counselor she assumes i find out info thru calls or talk to my sisters abt it and i gotta b like nah we dont really talk #i get my info thru text. i havent talked to my parents on the phone in like a month. i dunno we just dont talk. so i dont kno how to reach #out and be like yo so whats up? shoulf i plan on coming home this summer for a bit?? like??? #this is the disadvantage of leaving thr place where you grew up. probably when i finish my phd i should move closer to home #somewhere in the Appalachian mountains maybe. somewere in the eastern deciduous forrest. somewhere with thunderstorms. #but thats years from now. who knows what ill b doing. for now im just sad and tired and i dont quite kno what to do in the short or long #term bc im feeling the weight of my mental limitations rather intensely. but maybe im just being self limiting #whatever. i dont have a dead mum yet. shes not even on hospice care. things are just uncertain and dont look so hot #i just dont see how it can get better from here when chemo gave her secondary blood cancer and shes still full of tumors #i dont think im being that dramatic. it just objectively seems not great for survival #unrelated

[smile-files]

never give a neurobiologist the tv remote... they'll always put on the potassium channel

#melonposting #spoof #augh ions and action potentials and voltage sensors!!!! ...neurobio is driving me crazy #world's most insane sci class. you're given a full-length scientific paper and like two days later you have to present on it to the class #anyway i know way too much about voltage-gated potassium ion channels now. so there's that

[championsofmyheart]

learned yesterday that clams have hearts. and nervous systems. im in third year biology.

#maybe they should make invertebrate anatomy a requirement because that was the most embarassing thing ever. how did i not know that #anyways in case anyone was wondering why i realized my understanding of invertebrate nervous systems was incorrect #shellfish are filter feeders and eat algae and one of those algae is dinoflagellates which make a nerve toxin called saxitoxin #and saxitoxin blocks the sodium ion channels in your nerves from working and thats how paralytic shellfish poisoning kills u #and i had always assumed invertebrates didn't have nervous systems and thats why they didnt die from the accumulation of saxitoxin #but turns out i was wrong and they do have nervous systems #and then i went insane trying to uerstand why shellfish were fine despite being filled with nerve toxin as organisms with nervous systems #anyways theres a single amino acid mutation in the sodium ion channel protein #and it decreases their sodium ion channel affinity to saxitoxin so it can't bind and stop their nerves from working so theyre fine #but we don't have that mutation so it kills us when we eat shellfish that have this toxin accumulated in them. love and light #fuckery #studying for this protist final is driving me insane

[levbolton]

animal psychology is interesting, bcs they can also be good parents or not and this affects their offsprings, just like humans........

#look my theory was always that we can decode someone's personality according to the ion gates/gprotein gates whatever the name in english #receptors whatever #bcs if this is present in both 'lower' animals and in humans that means there's a common link #and the epigenetics are already known to have an impact on psychology #so yeah you're depressed bcs when you were little your mom didn't take care of you and you couldnt unclog a gene the way it was supposed to #and now you go through life with lower channels than the others #idk what im saying here i simplified the concept too much #also i dont know anything abt physcology

[pleuvoire]

idk, i never really understood/was never really bothered by the popular “oh we’re so tiny in the wider universe and that means we’re insignificant” current of thought that you see in any comments section on that voyager pic of earth as a tiny speck of light. i don’t get it. yeah there are things in the universe much bigger than us. there are things in the universe much smaller than us too. i don’t really see how that changes the fact that what we do on our little planet matters to each other, which is the only type of mattering that exists. like      zoomed-out pictures of the earth and talking about how we’re just dust on a speck of rock doesn’t change any of the joys and pains we experience in our dust lives and societies, the need to try to increase joy and lessen pain on this speck of rock, or the complicated forms that trying to increase joy and lessen pain can take, i really don’t understand that kind of perspective

#size is all relative! you can't even objectively claim that earth being tiny is The true size scale of the universe #cause like look at it from the perspective of a sodium ion channel embedded in the membrane of a neuron #that's just as real a size scale

[medicomunicare]

Channeling asthma solutions: a need to CRACk calcium in without putting immunity out of order

Channeling asthma solutions: a need to CRACk calcium in without putting immunity out of order

Allergic asthma is characterized by increased type 2 (T2) inflammation, which involves a subset of T cells called T helper (Th) 2 cells. Th2 cells produce cytokines that play important roles in both normal immune defenses, and in disease-causing inflammation that occurs in the wrong place and amount. In allergic asthma, cytokines promote the production of an antibody type called IgE and the…

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#airways #allergic reaction #asthma #calcineurin #calcium homeostasis #cytokines #gene expression #ion channel #lymphocytes #transcription factor

[dratefahmed1]

Symptoms and Signs of Migraine Identifying the Warning Signals #migraine, #migrainerelief #headache

#migraine, #migrainerelief, #migraineawareness, #migraineproblems, #migrainelife, #migraineattack, #migrainepain, #migrainesupport, #migrainetriggers, #migrainetreatment, #migrainesymptoms, #migrainetips, #migrainehacks, #migrainecommunity, #migrainehelp, #migraineremedy, #migrainerecovery, #migrainetherapy, #migrainemanagement, #migrainecoping, #migraineselfcare, #migrainepreventions,…

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#acute #anxiety #botox #brain #brain stem #calcium channels #cefaly #cgrp #chronic #colic #cortical spreading depression #depression #disease #dizziness #ear #education #estrogen #eye pain #face pain #facial pressure #fibromyalgia #genetics #headache #heredity #ion channels #menopause #migraine #mood disorders #nausea #nerves

[residueofsomething]

Some: Timeline of TV Shows I Watched

These are the content and media I consumed over the last nearly two decades: Disney Channel, Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, ABC Family (Freeform), CW, CBS, NBC, ABC, FOX, Food Network, HGTV, MTV, Ion Television, qubo, streaming services, and YouTube. Disney Channel: I watched live around 2007 to 2015 via cable. My earliest memory of Disney Channel is unknown. But I love the sitcoms from this…

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#abc #abc family #amazon prime video #apple tv+ #blog #blogging #cartoon network #cbs #disney channel #disney+ #food network #fox #freeform #freevee #hgtv #hulu #ion television #max #mtv #nbc #netflix #nickelodeon #paramount+ #peacock #qubo #the cw #TV shows #writing #youtube

[esglatestmarketnews]

Ion Channels in Drug Discovery—a Granular Report Addressing Pharmaceutical Companies Target Market

Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease, autoimmune dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias has brought a paradigm shift in their treatment through ion channel modulators. The rising footprint of drug discovery has furthered the penetration of ion channels. Drug discovery, with the support of ion channel targeted mechanism of action, accounts for around 12% to 15% of the research studies. Moreover, in 2022, there were 19% of marketed drugs, further validating ion channels as the third largest group of target proteins in drug discovery. 

Ion channel-based drug development will be pronounced following the completion of human genome sequencing in April 2022. Pharmaceutical companies could unlock growth potentials with an infusion of funds into R&D activities and outsourcing. 

The final report, along with the database, will deep-dive into, including but not limited to:

• Assessment of ligand-gated ion channels and voltage-gated channels.

• Insights on preclinical development, target identification & screening, target validation & functional informatics and lead identification & candidate optimization.

• Deliberate upon potassium-, calcium- and sodium –channels. 

• Competitive landscape and inputs on the ion channel drug discovery outsourcing services

Get your copy or request for a free sample of the report “Ion Channels in Drug Discovery, 2023 Report,” compiled and published by Grand View Research.

Ion Channels in Drug Discovery Report Scope

Attribute

Details

Key Driver Analysis

Increase in research activity in ion channel-based drug discovery

The outspread potential of ion channel drug discovery

Key challenges

Challenges associated with the drugs targeting ion channel

Outsourcing-related quality compliance issues

Categorization of Ion Channels

Segment Analysis, by Mechanism

Market revenue, by Product Mechanism

Segment Analysis, by Ion Selectivity

Market revenue, by Ion Selectivity

Segment Analysis, by Workflow

Market revenue, by Workflow

Regional Analysis

Market performance across the 5 regions

Get more insights from our in-depth market intelligence report “Drug Discovery Informatics Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Mode (In-house, Outsourced), By Workflow (Discovery, Development), By Services (Sequence Analysis Platforms, Docking), And Segment Forecasts, 2021 – 2028”

About Us

Grand View Research, Inc. is a market research and consulting company that provides off-the-shelf, customized research reports and consulting services. To help clients make informed business decisions, we offer market intelligence studies ensuring relevant and fact-based research across a range of industries, from technology to chemicals, materials and energy. With a deep-seated understanding of varied business environments, Grand View Research provides strategic objective insights.

Find More information @ https://www.grandviewresearch.com/info/trend-reports

#Ion Channels in Drug Discovery #Types of ion channels in drug discovery

[tenth-sentence]

As the accumulation of starch granules in the stroma exerts tension on the envelope, ion channels perceive the mechanical stimuli and rapidly adjust the volume and shape of chloroplasts.

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

#book quote #plant physiology and development #nonfiction #textbook #stroma #accumulation #starch #granules #tension #nuclear envelope #ion channels #stimulus #stimuli #mechanical stimulus #adjustment #volume #shape #chloroplasts

[whats-in-a-sentence]

Plant vacuolar cation channels include the KCO3 K+ channel (see Figure 6.14A), the Ca2+-activated TPC1/SV cation channel (see Figures 6.13 and 6.14B), and most TPK/VK channels (see Figure 6.13), which are highly selective K+ channels that are activated by Ca2+.

"Plant Physiology and Development" int'l 6e - Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I.M., Murphy, A.

#book quotes #plant physiology and development #nonfiction #textbook #channels #transportation #ions #cation #potassium #calcium #activation #selective #kco3 #tpc1 #tpk #plant cells