A lady with a mirror by Raja Ravi Varma
I watched him stretch his hands and lean into me. he clasped my heart, twisting it in my chest and plucking it out without regret. his eyes gleamed with the hunger that might just be satiated. and it was, initially. in a few morsels, his heart would fill and his belly would protrude. but it was merely a matter of months until his greed expanded, tenfolds and demanded, more and more and more. but these eyes of mine, who bore nothing but affection for him were now smeared with a lamenting. oh, his caresses that were once gentle and nurturing have become ravenous only. what is this unfinished story? must i walk away or stay within these premises that smother me.
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Artist Deep Dive: Raja Ravi Varma
Masterlist
This is going to be a long one, so prepare yourselves.
The OG, ladies and gentlemen. The guy who defined mass-media art and depictions of Indian gods and goddesses for the next hundred years. Raja Ravi Varma is the artist I grew up with, whether it was his literal pieces or the art that he inspired. I've actually got a print of one of his paintings hanging up on my wall, Damayanti and the swan:
And it's not just me- the current images of gods that everyone worships are extremely similar to the old depictions that Ravi Varma used. His images have created a universal standard of how gods appear in art.
Raja Ravi Varma managed to combine European techniques with Indian culture to create a totally new form of painting figures, which appealed to Indians and Europeans alike.
Who is this guy, and why should you care?
Raja Ravi Varma was born in Travancore to a noble family, which had been producing consorts for the royal family of Travancore for over 200 years. Ravi Varma later married a woman whose sisters had been adopted into the main royal family, and later on his own granddaughters would be adopted into the main royal family to keep the lineage going. This opportunity of birth placed him in a unique position to learn a lot of professional art, and not focus on earning money.
Throughout his life, Ravi Varma painted many things like religious figures, nobility, and protagonists from myths.
But this isn't important- you can find this by scrolling through the Wikipedia page, like I did. In this essay I will talk about why Ravi Varma had an outsized impact on Indian art and culture that can still be perceived if you know where to look.
The Printing Press
This is what kicked off Raja Ravi Varma's rise to fame. No other artist had done this before, and his printing press gave him a big edge on the competition by introducing his work to a huge audience.
The printing press produced standardized lithographs(Lithographs- images from a printing press, made by pressing different blocks of limestone coloured in different inks onto a sheet. Think of it as block printing, but for large scale images) These lithographs went, for lack of a better word, viral, and the images spread across India like wildfire, creating a standardized image for all religious beings depicted in Raja Ravi Varma's portraits. As a result, other artists also started to copy his paintings so that they would get greater sales. This had certain unforeseen side effects, which I will get into below.
The Saraswati painting
Raja Ravi Varma did this painting of the goddess Saraswati, shown here:
Couple of things to know about Saraswati: She's the goddess of knowledge and learning, and like all gods, she has a designated colour, favourite offering, and animal mount that she rides. In Saraswati's case, her mount is a white swan. Nowhere in extant literature has it ever been mentioned that her mount is anything other than a white. swan.
In comes Ravi Varma, who paints Saraswati with a peacock at her feet. a) that's objectively wrong, but b) his printing press manages to spread the fake news across every corner of India. Now everyone with the latest Ravi Varma calendar is hip to the fact that Saraswati has been depicted with a peacock, nobody reads the actual literature, and every artist from then onwards includes at least a peacock feather in their Saraswati paintings, so as to not contradict popular opinion. (If you can't tell, I'm still mad about this. Also great example of what a good mouthpiece can do for a piece of fake news.)
Here are some examples of copycat Saraswati paintings:
In some of these there's a peacock feather on her head or behind her, which is still completely wrong! Because that's a Krishna thing!
Also last one is the Saraswati statue in my house, which is still completely incorrect. Yes, I will die mad about this.
So, I realized that this is getting too long, so I'm cutting it off here. I've left out a lot of cool facts for sake of brevity, so if anyone wants more information about why Raja Ravi Varma completely changed the art world of India, feel free to leave a comment and I will express my rage once more.
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Il dio Vishnù circondato dai suoi dieci maggiori avatar
Illustrazione di Raja Ravi Varma, 1910
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