Animal of the Day!
Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher (Ceyx erithaca)
(Photo by Saswat Mishra)
Conservation Status- Least Concern
Habitat- Southeastern Asia; India
Size (Weight/Length)- 20 g; 14 cm
Diet- Insects; Small amphibians; Small reptiles; Fish
Cool Facts- The oriental dwarf kingfisher is one of the smallest species of kingfisher. They are also one of the few birds to only have three toes. Surprisingly, this bird lacks sexual dimorphism so both males and females sport their brilliant plumage. Oriental dwarf kingfishers mate for life and dig burrows in stream banks as their nest. The tunnels are carefully dug so the eggs sit on a flat surface but the entrance of the nest is lower, allowing for water to drain in case it rains. Both mom and dad raise their chicks, until the chick fledges after less than a month. As oriental dwarf kingfishers are not waterproof, they dart down to the surface of the water and spear small fish and amphibians with their sharp beak.
Rating- 13/10 (Contrasting colors are the best colors and nature agrees.)
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Visiting Whitby with Mina Murray
Last year I illustrated Mina's description of Whitby a selection of modern photos. This year, I thought I might go one better, so here are some views of Whitby as Mina might have seen it in the 1890s*.
[*or as close as I could manage.]
"This is a lovely place. The little river, the Esk, runs through a deep valley, which broadens out as it comes near the harbour."
"A great viaduct runs across, with high piers, through which the view seems somehow further away than it really is."
[I don't actually know the age of this photo, but it looks about right.]
"The valley is beautifully green, and it is so steep that when you are on the high land on either side you look right across it, unless you are near enough to see down."
"The houses of the old town—the side away from us—are all red-roofed, and seem piled up one over the other anyhow..."
"... like the pictures we see of Nuremberg."
[this is Nuremberg sometime between 1890 and 1906]
"Right over the town is the ruin of Whitby Abbey, which was sacked by the Danes, and which is the scene of part of "Marmion," where the girl was built up in the wall."
"It is a most noble ruin, of immense size, and full of beautiful and romantic bits; there is a legend that a white lady is seen in one of the windows."
"Between it and the town there is another church, the parish one, round which is a big graveyard, all full of tombstones."
"This is to my mind the nicest spot in Whitby, for it lies right over the town, and has a full view of the harbour and all up the bay to where the headland called Kettleness stretches out into the sea."
"It descends so steeply over the harbour that part of the bank has fallen away, and some of the graves have been destroyed. In one place part of the stonework of the graves stretches out over the sandy pathway far below. There are walks, with seats beside them, through the churchyard; and people go and sit there all day long looking at the beautiful view and enjoying the breeze."
[this painting by William Lionel Wyllie is from 1922, so a bit later, but I thought it was too pretty not to include. St Mary's and the graveyard are at the top left, and you can see the steep descent below.]
"The harbour lies below me, with, on the far side, one long granite wall stretching out into the sea, with a curve outwards at the end of it, in the middle of which is a lighthouse. A heavy sea-wall runs along outside of it. On the near side, the sea-wall makes an elbow crooked inversely, and its end too has a lighthouse. Between the two piers there is a narrow opening into the harbour, which then suddenly widens."
"It is nice at high water; but when the tide is out it shoals away to nothing, and there is merely the stream of the Esk, running between banks of sand, with rocks here and there."
[from Horne's Guide to Whitby, 1897]
"Outside the harbour on this side there rises for about half a mile a great reef, the sharp edge of which runs straight out from behind the south lighthouse. At the end of it is a buoy with a bell, which swings in bad weather, and sends in a mournful sound on the wind. They have a legend here that when a ship is lost bells are heard out at sea."
"The steps are a great feature on the place. They lead from the town up to the church, there are hundreds of them—I do not know how many—and they wind up in a delicate curve; the slope is so gentle that a horse could easily walk up and down them."
And a bonus - might Mina have bought one of these postcards for Jonathan?
[they are from 1903, so the answer to this is "no", but again I thought they were too pretty not to include.]
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Patent for O.T. Jones’ Horse Detacher, July 24, 1883.
Record Group 241: Records of the Patent and Trademark Office
Series: Utility Patent Drawings
Image description: Two drawings of a roofless horse-drawn carriage with large spoked wheels, possibly a phaeton. A man is sitting on the driver’s seat. In the first drawing, a horse is pulling the carriage quickly. In the second drawing, the horse is running off into the distance with one pair of reins flying behind it. The man is sitting on the stationary phaeton, holding the other pair of reins, which are attached to the end of the traces, and which have triggered a device which released the horse from the carriage.
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La Mode illustrée, no. 30, 24 juillet 1898, Paris. Toilette de visites en grenadine. Modèle de Mmes Gradoz-Angenault, rue de Provence, 67. Ville de Paris / Bibliothèque Forney
Cette toilette est faite en grenadine de soie noire et bordures de dentelle noire ayant 4 centimètres de largeur; on la complète par un col-empiècement en soie lilas et mousseline de soie avec paillettes noires et broderie de perles. La jupe en grenadine posée sur une jupe à volant en taffetas noir, a un lé de devant étroit et un volant remontant derrière se rattachant aux lés de côté et par derrière; on découpe l'étoffe tout autour en bandes réunies par des bordures de dentelle. Le corsage-blouse entouré d'une ceinture en ruban de satin noir, est légèrement drapé devant. On pose sur la blouse le col, découpé en dents profondes, et se prolongeant devant et derrière jusqu'à la taille; on l'encadre avec des ruches de dentelle et de mousseline de soie; on l'orne de rangées de perles et de paillettes; on le garnit d'un col droit. Les épaulettes sont faites avec des volants en mousseline de soie ornés de dentelle noire.
This ensemble is made of black silk grenadine and borders of black lace 4 centimeters wide; it is completed with a yoke-collar in lilac silk and chiffon with black sequins and bead embroidery. The grenadine skirt placed on a flounced skirt in black taffeta, has a narrow front strip and a flounce going up behind attaching to the side strips and from behind; the fabric is cut all around in strips united by borders of lace. The bodice-blouse surrounded by a belt in black satin ribbon, is lightly draped in front. The collar is placed on the blouse, cut into deep teeth, and extending in front and behind to the waist; it is framed with ruffles of lace and silk muslin; it is adorned with rows of pearls and sequins; it is adorned with a straight collar. The shoulder pads are made with chiffon ruffles adorned with black lace.
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"Right over the town is the ruin of Whitby Abbey, which was sacked by the Danes, and which is the scene of part of 'Marmion,' where the girl was built up in the wall."
there's a beautiful sort of irony that, in 1897, Mina was excited to visit the ruins of Whitby Abbey, not for the historic church itself, but because it was in her fave gothic novel, Marmion...
... and now, over a hundred years later, tourists from around the world visit Whitby Abbey, not for the historic church itself, but because it was in their fave gothic novel Dracula
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