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needtherapy · 3 years

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soaring, carried aloft on the wind...continued 15

A story for Xichen and Mingjue, in another time and another place.

The Beifeng, the mighty empire of the north, invaded more than a year ago, moving inexorably south and east.

In order to buy peace, the chief of the Lan clan has given the Beifeng warlord a gift, his second oldest son in marriage. However, when Xichen finds out he makes a plan.

He, too, can give a gift to the Beifeng warlord, and he will not regret it.

Part 1: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11 / 12 / 13 Part 2: 14 / 15 / … HOME

It’s complete on AO3 here.

Notes: Check the tags if you’re concerned about the pairings ;)

For translations of the entirely fictitious Beifeng language, you’ll have to scroll to notes. I’m only going to translate something that’s not clear in the text. Sadly, there’s just not any other good way to do it on Tumblr!

Chapter 15 Earlier

Huaisang looked nervous, and it was not an expression that sat easily on his face. He paced in Xichen’s tent, ignoring his questions until Xichen finally set down his book and grabbed Huaisang’s arm.

“Anati, I am going to throw you out of my tent and into a snowbank if you do not tell me what bothers you.”

It was an idle threat, and they both knew it. Xichen was far too happy to do any such thing, and everyone knew it. He did try not to walk through every day with a foolish smile on his face, but he knew he failed most of the time, especially the days he woke to the sight of Mingjue’s face next to his. Especially on the days Mingjue stopped to see Xichen while he was working in the hospital to kiss his forehead. Especially on the days they put on their warmest clothes and rode out across the frozen plains together. Xichen was not so childish as to think they would never have any conflicts, but he was also not so naïve as to think the love he felt was common. It certainly wasn’t something he’d ever seen before.

Huaisang sank down onto a round pillow and sighed. “Anakau wants me to tell you something, but I’m a coward, and I don’t want to.”

Huaisang was in no way a coward, but he looked truly miserable, and Xichen’s heart stopped. All he could think was that Huaisang had heard some news about his family, or something terrible had happened to his brother, and his grip on Huaisang’s wrist tightened.

“Tell me,” he whispered hoarsely.

“We have had an offer from the Jin clan, an offer of good faith. They wish us to end our current advancement on their city and consider negotiations. I do not wish to accept anything…” Huaisang paused, his face darkening. “I’m sorry, I can’t explain more, but we are considering it, at least for the duration of winter. It would buy us time.”

Xichen let out a whooshing breath of relief, but Huaisang looked unhappy still.

“It is an offer like...like the Lan clan made.”

Xichen sat back and instinctively pulled on the stony, impassive mask he had not needed in months. “Mingjue wants to accept?”

Did he have a right to feel betrayed? Icy fingers crawled up Xichen’s back as he considered the terms of the treaty. For his pleasure. Given first consideration. In equal status. Pledge of life bond. No, they were breaking no terms, but he had thought…

It didn’t matter what he had thought. He reminded himself of the facts. He was a gift, not a choice. And he had no choices either. He could not go home to his father.

Xichen dug his thumbnail into his palm to focus his thoughts and still his expression into neutrality, but he must have looked betrayed, because Huaisang shook his head, words rushing out of him.

“It would not be like you. No one could be like you. There are reasons this is important, and they don’t have anything to do with you. Anakau is not happy with me, but it...I think we should accept a conditional agreement, a trial period of sorts, as though we are seeing if the situation suits. It would only be for three months, and it would not be real, Xichen. You are not being replaced.”

This last was said with such guilty vehemence, some of Xichen’s hurt faded, but not all of it. Perhaps not replaced, but he can’t imagine this won’t change things.

“I think we need to do this,” Huaisang added. “We won’t get another opportunity to...well, anyway, anakau told me I had to talk to you about it first. If it helps, I think he’s punishing me.”

It did not help. Xichen still felt wounded, creeping apprehension slithering around his gut. He should not have become so accustomed to his life over the past few months. He should not have forgotten what his role was here. He didn’t want this, but there was nothing he could say. No matter what he felt, no matter what he believed Mingjue felt, in truth, Xichen was only a visitor here.

“You do not need my permission, Huaisang,” Xichen reminded him, aiming for serenity but not quite managing to keep the disappointment entirely of his voice, and Huaisang sagged.

“I know, but I wanted you to know before...before he arrives. If I didn’t believe it was necessary…” He ran his fingers over his hair, disrupting some of it from his braid. Standing swiftly, he stalked to the door, but paused and turned back. “I think of us as friends and brothers, Xichen, and I hope you can forgive me.”

He disappeared, and Xichen hoped so too.

When Mingjue came for dinner, he hovered in the doorway, hands behind his back, uncertainty stamped on his face, until Xichen sighed and beckoned him in.

“This is not for me,” he said quietly, without moving. “You are...angry?

The worst part was, Xichen wasn’t. He believed Huaisang. He knew the brothers had secrets. And he loved Mingjue. He could trust them for a little while longer, he thought, ignoring the voice that said you have no other option.

“No. Just worried,” he said, mostly truthfully, and then Mingjue moved, crushing Xichen in his arms and tucking his face against Xichen’s neck.

“Komi auha, edas ahora,” he murmured, and Xichen let out a breath he didn’t know he was holding, sinking himself deeper into Mingjue’s embrace like a slowly submerging stone.

Evidently, the Jin clan expected their offer to be accepted, because the Jin emissary—it makes it easier for Xichen to think of him in political terms—arrived by the end of the next week. Huaisang asked Xichen to attend the greeting, and Xichen only agreed for the chance to silently observe the Jin man. He noted with unkind satisfaction that Mingjue’s face was still filled with storm clouds when he looked at his brother.

It was disappointing, though, that Jin Guangyao, the man Huaisang said was the eldest son of the Jin clan chief, was more appealing than Xichen wished he was. He was a little taller than Huaisang and looked to be Xichen’s age or even younger, with fine, delicate features and large soft eyes that reminded Xichen of the deer who lurked around the horse yards, hoping to steal their grain.

Jin Guangyao bowed deeply to Mingjue, spine stiff, shoulders straight. “Chifeng-Zun, this one is willing to serve in any way necessary to ensure peace for three months as agreed. Or longer.”

Mingjue’s expression didn’t change and he didn’t respond to Huaisang’s translation immediately, but Xichen thought his eyes had an appraising look in them, hopefully only curious about Jin Guangyao’s rigorous formality and not interested in his perfect skin and full mouth. Jin Guangyao looked up at him from lowered eyelashes, a curve of a smile on his lips, and Mingjue arched an eyebrow.

“Ti erodino anot auha. Eina et nagita di pia ti?” Mingjue asked Huaisang, and Huaisang frowned at him.

Neither of them was looking at Jin Guangyao, so only Xichen saw his reaction to Mingjue’s blunt assessment—He looks weak. What use is he? Anger flashed across his eyes, disappearing as swiftly as one of Wangji’s moods, and Xichen realized that if nothing else, Jin Guangyao spoke enough Orera to be insulted. How interesting.

Huaisang led them to Jin Guangyao’s tent, near Xichen’s. It was smaller and there were spells set in twisting lines of metallic thread on the door flap. Xichen had been learning about the Ikarahu magic since his birthday, hoping to use Sikunadis to its full potential. Their magic was more ambient than innate, theoretically unlimited in scope, and skilled users could form fire-like towers of heat, shift piles of dirt, control bodies of water, or cause great gusts of wind. However, it was slower and more difficult to access than Xichen’s power, requiring complex drawings in air or on surfaces to hold the magic or precise positioning of the hands and fingers.

The magic could also be stored in small amounts in the metal Sikunadis was made of, and Ikarharu craftsmen used thin wires of it in weaving, in books, in healing tools, even in the bridles they used to break wild horses. Xichen wasn’t able to pull magic from the air, ground, or water the way the Ikarahu did yet—Huaisang thought he would eventually be able to learn the skill—but he could activate the woven spells. The ones on Jin Guangyao’s tent were, to Xichen’s eyes, very clearly a lock.

Jin Guangyao frowned at the guards. “Is this one a prisoner?”

Huaisang laughed merrily. “No, you aren’t a prisoner, Guangyao. The guards are for your safety, of course.”

The man’s chin tilted up slightly when Huaisang said his name, although Xichen wasn’t sure if it was offense at the informality or if he suspected the lie. Two interesting things, he thought.

Xichen had heard Kitingi crying overhead as they walked, but Huaisang always seemed to know when she wanted to land. He held up a hand before they entered Jin Guangyao’s new home, and with a rustle of wings, she was there, alighting so swiftly it was as though she had appeared from nowhere.

“Oh,” Guangyao said, and for a single breath, there was something different on his face, a look of naked wonder, a sudden tempest of intelligence that turned into curiosity. “She’s beautiful.”

Huaisang’s expression sharpened. “How do you know Kitingi is a female?” “Males have black eye masks,” Guangyao said absently, without taking his eyes from Kitingi, and Kitingi preened one outstretched wing, accepting his admiration as her due.

“You are very observant, Guangyao. Where did you learn about munaku?” Huaisang asked with a casual grin.

He set Kitingi on Xichen’s shoulder and Jin Guangyao’s fingers twitched, as though he wanted to lift his hand to intercept her, but as quickly as the impulse had compelled him, it passed, and he straightened, the calm sea returning to his face.

Instead of answering Huaisang, he bowed to Xichen with a dazzling smile that showed off perfect white teeth and dimples that made him look younger. “Although we have never spoken, this one is familiar with your reputation. Would this one be allowed to visit Zewu-Jun?”

“Zewu-Jun is not a prisoner either, Guangyao,” Huaisang said before Xichen could answer. “When he is not with Ipira’orhew Ikira, he is generous enough to spend time helping our healers, though, so don’t be offended if he’s hard to find.”

Jin Guangyao’s smile was tight, and he nodded understanding. Xichen thought he truly did understand Huaisang’s meaning. He felt sorry for this man, who seemed gentle and polite and ill-suited to be a political prisoner.

“Is Ipira’orhew Ikira the title Chifeng-Zun would prefer?” Jin Guangyao asked blandly, and Huaisang waved his hand dismissively.

“It doesn’t matter one way or the other. Whichever is easier for you to say.” Jin Guangyao took a moment to digest this, and then asked, “Does Huaisang have a title he would prefer?”

Xichen was startled. He had never thought to ask if Huasiang had a title. Huaisang seemed startled too, and Xichen thought he might not answer.

He pursed his lips thoughtfully, but eventually replied, “I do not necessarily prefer it, but my title is Oringa'anhu Ikira.”

Hidden Cat Lord, Xichen translated in his head without smiling as he wanted to. It seemed fitting.

Jin Guangyao rolled the words around, faster with the unfamiliar tones than Xichen had been. “It is pleasing to say. If there is no objection, this one will use it.”

Huaisang turned with a careless shrug, taking Xichen’s elbow to lead him out of the tent, but the expression on his face was not one Xichen had ever seen before.

“I don’t like him,” Qingyang told him over dinner, sniffing her cup of white tea.

Xichen had found that the Ikarahu actually liked their bitter, dark tea. For months, he had despaired of ever drinking anything palatable again until the day Mingjue presented him with a jar of delicate white tea that smelled like summer and was immediately recognizable as one of the finest Zhao teas. Xichen hoarded it fiercely, but he was willing to share it with Qingyang, because she, at least, would appreciate it.

Although she still taught him Orera, Qingyang had recently begun spending her free time in the company of Titakau, the Ikarahu healer who was teaching Xichen her tribe’s way of using tiny needles to alleviate pain and adjust energy flow. The woman had watched Qingyang with huge dark eyes for months and had eventually worked up the courage to do more than look. Xichen was happy for Qingyang, whose feet seemed to be drifting on air, but he missed her and was not above bribing her with tea. Selfishly, he wanted her opinion on Jin Guangyao.

He took a sip and held it in his mouth before asking, “Do you know him?”

“I have met him. He’s considered charming and handsome.” She shrugged as if they were rumors she couldn’t personally verify, and Xichen suppressed a smile. “I’m not sure anyone knows him. More importantly, and more unfortunately, I know the Jin chief. At best, Guangyao is an agent of his father. At worst, he is a true son of his father.” She shuddered and took another sip.

“It would be better if he was a spy?” Xichen asked, and Qingyang noded without elaborating. “Do you think that is likely?”

She shrugged. “Who knows, but he is too clever and too self-possessed to be here for any reason but his own. I don’t trust him, and you shouldn’t either.”

Xichen nodded and thanked her for her advice. He trusted Qingyang, but Xichen couldn’t bring himself to condemn the man for his father’s sins, whatever they might be, as Xichen hoped no one would think he was like his father.

In only a few words, she had confirmed what Xichen thought about Jin Guangyao. He was clever and composed. He was handsome and polite. He was undoubtedly there for some concealed purpose. And now, Qingyang had made Xichen even more curious about what exactly it was.

Notes: Komi auha, edas ahora. = I am sorry, beloved husband.

#the untamed #cql #mdzs #mo dao zu shi #soaring au #lan xichen #nie mingjue #nielan #nie huaisang #jin guangyao #sangyao #luo qingyang #Kristina writes tiny stories #the untamed au #mdzs au

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otomelavenderhaze · 3 years

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Heyy Fa! I feel like we're friends too, just didn't know if you would consider it that way. Okay, I'll talk you whenever then :D it's really nice chatting with you btw! I always learn a new thing with every ask, and I don't know much about the game yet, so we can't really discuss things deeply, but I thought it'd be nice to just talk and share our thoughts!

Yeah the big majority of us has no luck whatsoever, sure I don't know for sure what's my case, since I have done about 1 pulls overall, 'cause it's better if I grind primogems first, but it probably will be the case too lol

Your sister has such good ones tho! I didn't realize it had been this long; it was released on September 28th, so it's been 2 months. Thinking about it, it is a lot of time to grind primos, but haven't you been playing just as long as her?

I got here late so I didn't know that! Good thing they had a bit of compassion. Can you imagine if Beemoov was a gambling company? The hell we would go through...

It's good that we can keep the four-stars, but it's better to get them now when their rates (is this how it's called?) are up; Zhongli, as always, is a disappointment. It's too bad Fischl is not so good and you didn't get a better dps, sadly, the bigger the range of characters, the smaller our chance of getting the character we want... That is, if they don't separate them in different banners in the future since there will be so many... It is unlikely, but a girl can dream.

I will go do my reading then, so I can fully understand the aspects of the banners... I never learned probability properly in school, but I guess they were training me for this day.

What event are you talking about? I only have Zhongli's story quest, the daily prizes, the permanent ones, the test runs and the Lisa and Kaeya note... Anyway I guess I can't play it yet. I have seen some strange spark that started a course, but I thought that was permanent random thing lol

I'm trying to be slow and enjoy the story, or else I would already be in Liyue I guess! I leaned that playing Horizon: Zero Down; the console was a friend's so I had to speed up and finish fast. What happened? I had to play a chapter meant to be played in level 34 while I was in level 24... Ha I got really mad at my devastating defeat, but I managed, not without dying dozens of times of couse.

That way of thinking about spears is so smart, it is kinda like that, I played Xiangling's side quest yesterday and I can see your point, it was so cool, they are something else indeed.

Mihoyo seems to be a nice company, and i think they are going to make good decisions in the future too!

I can see this exchange as some sort of friendship because I do like talking with you as well!! I’m glad that you’re learning something, you have been putting me to thinking about things a lot too.

Ah, you will get there to do your pulls, you’re so right in saving them. I did paid for the boost of daily primal gems, so I’m not so free to play as I claim to be, I paid like... 2 months. My sister too.

I and she agreed that it worthed (at the time we brought the first one, it was hella less expensive, now it’s almost the double of the price, but well, I needed it for Zhongli, it was better than spend crazy amounts). I don’t regret it, it’s less expensive than actually buying at once the amount for 10 pulls. So yeah, it’s better for you to save up your primals!!

Unless you get to see a 4 star that you really like, then you should try go for it a little, I tried getting Diona from the last banner, that’s why I also didn’t have enough to try 2 times for Zhongli. Which is a downside, xD then maybe you should really just save it all you can.

In a sense I was so lucky in getting Fischl, she was my first 4 star pulled from a special banner and since then she never left my party (I don’t regret having her as dps, even if she don’t cause a crazy amount of damage like Childe do per example).

We haven’t been playing since the first day actually, I think went to play weeks after the launch... she got luck for sure. Besides that thing I told you in the last ask, there’s a super rare rate between 47-50 pulls that you can get a 5 star and she got Keqin in the normal banner like this too. So she has Keqin, Qiqi and Childe as 5 stars, because she hit that rate.

While the 90 pulls guarantee a 5 star, the 47-50 is for when you do single pulls and pure luck. She hit it without even counting.

But yeah, she got Razor at the same time I got my Fischl actually, but she got him from the standard banner, meanwhile I got Fischl from Venti’s banner (actually, I think she has a Fischl too), but the fact is that she does have more characters than me cuz she don’t hold her pulls, she is always using them as soon she get the primals.

Besides, my sister is the type of player that got all the chests of the game, that finished all the quests early on, never lost any event and grind super hard, I slacked a little bit when we started playing, some days I didn’t even logged in. I started playing seriously after 1 week I guess, and even so she is hardcore in getting things in the game that I normally don’t even bother :’)

It is better to pull on the special banners, but kkkkk well, it’s a matter of luck, because while I was doing single pulls on the normal banner, I got a Razor from there too lately instead of getting him in the special banner kkkkkkk you get what I mean? You just can get luck and, in a sense, yes, they will keep adding characters and make it harder on us to get constellations, but this is how the game is supposed to be. There’s nothing we can do about it.

4 stars are more reliable than the limited time 5 stars in the special banner, meanwhile, the 5 stars in the normal banner are, indeed, in long term, equally more reliable and a better investment. Because in theory, you have the chance of keeping pulling them until the end of the game. The bad thing is that their abilities are outdated compared with characters like Childe and Zhongli =/

I think the flying event is only for players over level 20... I think you kinda should hurry up for it a little bit kkkkkk they’re giving us 60 primal gems in every course when we finish the little mini-game. And of course, you will have to unlock Liyue’s map =/ so the event will only show up to you after you do all of that. When you get in Liyue you can slow everything down tho, the story at least.

Ah!! I brought Horizon Dawn those days!! I’m searching for better ways to play it properly because I found it very complicated to understand, so I’m playing The Last Guardian before going to HD. If you have tips, please feel free to tell me!!

Did you enjoy playing with Zhongli? Like his physical sequence of hits? I found him so fun to play with!! He’s so fast. He’s faster than Xiangling for sure!!

I was testing Keqin today too and she’s super fast for a single hand sword user, she’s faster than the Traveler for sure too. Or at least, that was the feeling I had.

I think Mihojo is... well, not exactly bad but not the nicer, they’re lacking in many things about the game. The issue with bugs, the lack of security in accounts, the system of resin and such, but compared to EA, Beemoov or Nintendo, Mihojo surely isn’t the worst.

#personal #ask #Fa talking about Genshin Impact #long post

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thesweatzone · 4 years

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BACKSTORY and FITNESS PROGRAM

BACKSTORY:

I have always struggled with my weight. I was never overweight to a point where I would have troubles with my health but it did limit some of my abilities and it lowered my self-esteem. I was really overweight as a child but then my rapid growth caused me to look slimmer than before and I was only round. Basically I was and still pretty much am skinny fat.

About two years ago I decided I wanted to become skinnier, so I started working out more. I realized now that being skinny is far from my goal and I truly want to be healthy and have a strong body but working out did give me solid foundation on which I explored my interests in sports, which I never liked before. I found the ones I actually enjoyed and the ones I did not enjoy quite that much. I started losing some fat. But then I became lazy and the fat came back.

This repeated itself many times throughout those two years. I slowly realized my biggest problem were my eating habits. I was really picky when it came to food and I always chose the wrong one. I also binged, then ate very little for a while and binged again. I even contributed to the weight gain with drinking smaller amounts of water than I should have and my sleeping schedule was all over the place. I realized only working out won't do that much. At least not for me.

I slowly started incorporating better foods into my diet and changing up my lifestyle but I never committed enough to see it through until the end and obtain obvious results. I was also very confused where and how to start, because there is so much information out there about what is right and wrong. The main problem was that I didn't give any program I created for myself time so that I could actually see results and see if it works.

RIGHT NOW:

Now I want to stick to my plan for longer than one or two months at a time. I want to achieve results that will last and work on my confidence too. I am currently 173 cm tall (which is roughly 5,8 feet) and I weigh 65 kg (roughly 143 pounds). Though I am tall I feel like I am quite heavy since I do not have that much muscle mass so the lbs are higher than I wish they would be, because of fat. I have stubborn belly fat while I'm not really visibly round in any other areas of my body as much. Of course you cannot spot reduce (I will write about that in one of my future posts too) so I will have to lower my body fat percentage and gain a lot of muscle mass in general to see the belly fat disappearing too, since I am striving for a stronger not skinnier body.

Right now I'm in a good place, though I still have many things to focus on to perfect my daily routine. I've been working since the start of the year (6th January, 2020) and lost 4,5kg (roughly 10 pounds) in five weeks. I constructed a workout and diet plan for me as well as I could, since I haven't got that much control over a lot of things going on in my life because I'm still in school and have work to focus on besides my fitness goals, though I am trying to make them a bigger priority in my life.

Some people said that this program seemed a bit challenging for a beginner when they took a first look at it. That's why I wrote a short paragraph in which I spoke about my work out habits above. They are not that bad and I tend to work out quite a lot so I’m not in such a bad shape - food will be a bigger issue for me. If the program seems though for you and you do your workouts completely differently, I encourage you to continue doing it your way. The same goes for if you think it is too easy. I designed this the way I did, because I know what I am capable of right now and what I would like to be capable of in the future.

MY PROGRAM:

Duration: 8 months (until the end of August)

Goal: Build strength and muscle mass, achieve a flatter belly and leaner physique, gain confidence, build better habits

Workouts:

I've tried many workouts on the internet already and I decided to follow some good fitness channels on Youtube and follow their work out videos, since I don’t have time to go to an actual gym. I will link them in some future posts. I made a weekly workout schedule too.

On Mondays I do half an hour to an hour of yoga targeting my core (abs), on Tuesdays I do body weight exercises targeting the legs and the glutes, on Wednesday I have another day of body weight exercises targeting the abs and on Fridays I have weightlifting to strengthen my arms and back.

I also have one active rest day every week when I am allowed to do nothing or just some light cardio. That is Thursday for me, because I arrive home late (around 7 p.m.) and it's the day that is the most tiring for me in the whole week.

On weekends I have one scheduled full body workout on Saturdays. I usually do pilates or some HIIT workouts. On Sundays I can take a day of if I feel like it, because I don't want to push myself over the edge but if I feel alright I do an hour of cardio.

Speaking of cardio, it is one of my favourite workout categories because I love to run, dance, hike, swim… and these are all workouts that fall into the category. I try to do cardio at least three times a week even if it isn’t scheduled (just because I actually enjoy doing it) but if the weather is nice I take a walk everyday anyway, since I like some peace to think and be alone.

Through the week I work out at around 6 p.m. and on the weekends in the morning or at least before noon.

Dieting:

For me it is really hard to meal prep since I am in high school and I have a lot of my meals prepared for me by other people. I evaluated my eating habits and realized I consume too much sugar and carbs and my diet lacks fiber. I can’t completely follow a low-carb diet but I will be aiming towards consuming less carbs and try to eat food which is low in sugar and high in protein and fiber.

I also challenged myself to eliminate all sugar I could from my diet for at least 40 days but I can happily say that I'm already on day 45 (I started on the 6th of January) – I decided to just continue with it and try to reach 70 days. I planned it for a long time and I can say I am quite satisfied with the outcome. I've tried including a lot of healthy foods, vegetables and high protein foods and minimize foods with a lot of carbs but there are days when I just don't have the option to eat anything but something high in carbs or not as healthy as I would wish it would be.

If you want to, I will definitely write a post about what I eat in a week after I test it out, see how effective it is and perfect it completely.

I have already tried intermittent fasting (will be explained in future posts) in the past once and it worked miracles for me. I felt more energized, way less bloated and I felt better in general. I will incorporate it into my diet again I decided to do a 16:8 ratio – I eat in a time frame of 8 hours. That equals 16 hours of fasting where I don't consume any food I just drink a cup of green tea in the morning.

Drink:

I used to drink very small amounts of water throughout the day but I carry my water bottle with me everywhere I go now and I try to drink as much as possible. These are my main rules for drinking:

-drink 2 water bottles of water a day

-one cup of green tea in the morning (or lemonade)

-don't drink milk in the evening

Sleep:

I try to go to sleep before 11 pm and get up around 6 or 7 am. For me it is pretty hard, because I am a night owl, but I do try, since I see a big difference in my energy and ability to work efficiently throughout the day.

…

That is how I designed my workout and diet program. All details will be specified in further chapters since it is still a bit rough around the edges (especially the diet part), but I cannot meal prep since it is really hard for me to prepare my own food.

I thought I should explain what and how I'm doing everything, since I will be writing about it. This is a basic overview and I didn't really go into detail. If you want me to be more precise, especially about my eating habits and how I'm trying to change them, I will make a post about it. This is just my story and my program. I can't guarantee any of these things would work for you or your body but maybe you will get any idea or find some useful information. You now know my story and my goals.

I always struggled with my self-esteem and body image but I am on the path to changing everything and I want to share the lessons I'm learning and my story with you. I hope it motivates you and you can see you are not alone. You should also remember that even though my measurements and fitness goals don't match yours and you maybe see different numbers than me, you aren't working any less hard or doing anything wrong nor should you be discouraged. We are all on our individual journeys and you have the exact same chance of reaching your goals as I do or anyone else reading this blog.

Whenever I start doubting myself I just avert my thoughts somewhere else because I am positive we all can do this. Remember to love yourself no matter your weight. We are all beautiful and what we are doing and the changes we're making are only to better ourselves physically and mentally but our weight or appearance doesn't define us nor does it define our worth.

Thank you for joining me on this journey!

-M

#health #healthy eating #healthy recipes #fitness #fitwomen #fitbody #fit #lose weight #goals2020 #body goals

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septembercfawkes · 6 years

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The Weight of Words

When you are writing fiction, words carry a kind of weight. They work a bit like a camera lens, guiding the audience what to view and what to focus on. What subject you choose to spend words on in the scene shapes the audience's perception of the story. However, there are some subjects in your story that deserve a heavier weight of words than others. For example, if your story is about a young girl trying to become a professional soccer player, and you spend a whole chapter talking about an old willow tree that grew in her childhood home's backyard (which carries no symbolic or ulterior value other than it's just an old willow tree she likes), you've spent more words on the subject than it was worth. The reader may not always be able to pinpoint what is wrong, but they'll feel like the story got uninteresting. They don't care about the tree. It's not important. More often though, this sort of thing happens on a much smaller scale in a scene. Let's say that you have a scene where your protagonist goes to a religious event, and the purpose of the scene is that she needs to get specific information or help from a religious leader. If the narrator spends three paragraphs describing what the bathroom in the church looks like, the pacing is going to drag. The bathroom doesn't merit having that many words describing it. The bathroom doesn't deserve that much focus. It's not important to the story. The more important a subject or idea is to the scene, the more words it's worth. The moment where the protagonist gets the needed information from the religious leader, is the point of the scene, so that moment merits more words than the bathroom does. This concept relates to my post a few months ago about discerning what should happen on-page from what should happen off-page. Part of learning how to write professionally, is learning how to gauge what subject merits what amount of words. If you use a lot of words on a subject that isn't actually that significant to the scene or overall story, the text becomes unbalanced. That subject carries more weight than it's worth, and the text is leaning in that direction, when it should be leaning in a different direction. This sort of thing can apply to almost all parts of a story. It relates to setting description. If your character is traveling to Idaho to view the total solar eclipse, but during the viewing, you spend more words describing a stranger's shoes than you do the actual solar eclipse, it's probably a problem. The story should be focusing, leaning toward the solar eclipse, but instead, it's leaning toward a random person's shoes. It's unbalanced. It can happen with characters. If Lavender Brown gets more words and characterization about her than Ron Weasley in Harry Potter and the Half-blood Prince, we have a problem. Textually, Lavender Brown is getting more weight and focus. It's unbalanced. That plot line is supposed to be about Ron.

It can happen with theme. If we spent a whole chapter describing, pondering, and creating a whole history about the old willow in the protagonist's backyard, the audience will think it's going to be significant to the story, most likely in a thematic way. But if it isn't, and it has nothing to do with the story, than it has far more words than it merits. If the theme of your story is supposed to relate to love, but the text actually spends more focus and weight and pondering on the meaning of independence, your story is leaning in the wrong direction. And of course, it can happen with plot. If you spend more weight on a tertiary plot than you do the primary plot, guess what? Either the tertiary plot became the primary--which often doesn't work, because the subject matter isn't as important--or the story is unbalanced. Now, there is a reason I use the word "spend." It might sound weird to some of you when I say "spend weight." But spending is often exactly how it functions. Like money, you have a finite amount of words to spend writing your story. I'm not saying you can't write a big, fat, full novel. Your book is like a purchase. There are pots you need to purchase and there are houses you may need to purchase. A house needs more money to own. Some stories are like pots. Some stories are like houses. So the amount of words your story merits depends on what kind of story you want to tell. If words were like money, you wouldn't want to spend a whole chapter on an insignificant willow tree. You just way overpaid for that willow tree. The reader doesn't want all that money put into creating an amazing willow tree. They want you to spend it elsewhere. You spent too many words, too much weight, too much focus on that tree that the reader doesn't care about. The pacing slows. The reader gets bored. You begin losing their attention. Perhaps no words are more valuable than the words at the very beginning of the story. . . .

You have to win over the reader's care. You have to try to get them to be invested in the story. But if you spend your first chapter's words unwisely--spending two solid paragraphs describing an insignificant rock--the reader is going to be subconsciously tempted to put the book down. You. Are. Trying. To. Win. Them. Over. Don't spend the precious weight of the story describing a random rock. In the beginning of the narrative, because the reader hasn't been won over yet, and you haven't gotten far into the story, every possible subject in the scene carries an equal weight--or perhaps it would be better to say, no weight. This means every word you start writing, begins to shape the story's, or scene's focus. Because the reader isn't invested in the story yet, it's very important that you don't overspend your words on any subject. Create the scene, but do it on a tight budget. Spend enough words on the subjects to create them in the reader's mind, but not so much that it becomes overwrought and uninteresting. As the reader becomes more invested as the story progresses, they will begin to care more about stuff that is more "expensive." They'll sit through longer descriptions. They'll sit through two solid paragraphs about the concept of independence. If the willow tree is thematic, and therefore significant to the story, they may even sit through a whole chapter on it.

But that's the catch. To merit a more expensive price tag, it needs to be more significant than other subjects. With all that said, though, in some cases, it is possible to break that rule and open a story with two fat paragraphs pondering the concept of independence, but it needs to be good, clever, and either entertain the mind or the feelings. Don't spend $100 on a cliche. If you are going to open that way, you've got to bring something new to the table, and talk about the concept of independence in a way the reader hasn't seen before. Now back to the very beginning, where the reader isn't yet invested in the story. Subconsciously, when they begin reading your book, they're trying to decide if they care about it. So what you spend your words on is important. Luckily, depending on your genre, you should know what your reader picked up the book for. If they picked up romance, they want romance. If they picked up adventure, they want adventure. If they picked up something humorous, they want to laugh. Usually the real romantic moments and real adventure happens later in the story, which is why you need to promise the reader with hooks that if they keep reading it, they'll get to it. In a romance, this might mean in the starting scene, you spend a few words on your progatonist's loneliness. In adventure, this might mean in the opening, your character mentions his desire to find aztec treasure. This is one of the reasons so many people in the writing industry say you should start your story with your character having a goal of some kind--it often makes it easier to make promises to the reader. It's only one reason, but it's a reason. One final point I need to make so that everyone reading this doesn't go off and way overwrite the truly significant subjects of their story. There is another well-known writing rule: less is more. Often this is true with significant subjects. Promises, teases, hooks, subtext, are bigger than what's on the page, and naturally carry more weight because of that--the "rest of the words" happen in the reader. They don't need to be overwrought. Often those things are best short and powerful. This is because carefully choosing specific words--words that mean more than what's actually on the page--carry more impact than an overwrought passage. Less is more. But that's veering into a different topic too big for this post. Suffice it to say that insignificant subjects should not unbalance your story because you've spent more words on them than they merited. And don't shortchange the more important parts that deserve more words--more weight, more focus. Last of all, don't forget, though, that in key moments, sometimes less is more, because what's being said is bigger than what's in the text. Blog Birthday Giveaway

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liumargaret · 4 years

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How To Plant Grape From Cuttings Prodigious Tips

When harvest time approaches, go back to a man who wanted to try to capture diseases.Most of the sun, as direct sunlight but more complete information can be eaten raw or used to produce your own grape vine needs at the top cut is slanted and the buyers gain something they both yearn for.You will want to place these holes in the end result will be planted when the vines and off you are just starting your very own vineyard wherever that may help in keeping the structure of the grapevine vulnerability to heat and speed up the second largest distribution channel for your family as well.Generally though, your grape vine so the more temperate climate and a well-drained type of grapes are protected.

Some varieties thrive in your area, then you are interested in growing grapes like Vitis labrusca grape, indigenous to the artificially grown ones, which are being grown as an additional source of nitrogen usable by the grape choice for fertilizer because it is precisely that which only makes the almost-five month wait completely worth it.Treating an imbalanced soil is inadequate natural water per week during the spring and early winter.This grape may produce an award winning wine.You are now considered suitable for growing.During the spring and winter months, you are waiting for you.

In addition, the soil it is time to spare, get started with growing your vineyard.The raisin is produced in many different sorts of grapes go through the planting stage, cut two to three years for their medicinal benefits in treating liver and kidney disease, skin, nausea, cancer and eye infections.However, if you want to leave thirty buds for each grape vine.With so many times before; managing the micro climate effectively can produce the best cure!The internet, books on trellis construction at your home.

The process of making or fermenting wine is clear you can make the necessary water at the end.Without it, the quantity and make the necessary things like having excellent harvests.By doing so, you will have abundant fruit in 135-140 days while others need cool climates to grow.Of course, you will of course wines are so desirable because of their low sugar content.The roots must equally extract and supply more and more strive to live in an area with good pruning system and a perfect pick for home grape growers.

Fungus disease problems may be or whether you are growing grapes even in heavy wind and rain-free.If you see a reddish color, and then wonder why you want it to be.The south side of a human scent, dog hair, or soap.This will allow better movement for the grape vines in a beautiful creation of wines by the winter season.For the duration of the ripened grapes waft into my nasal passages.

Water is very important reminder and a little more fertility, wine grapes to grow.Sunlight is one is low in nutrient or organic matter of perseverance, patience, and effort.The fruit was domesticated in what is missing.It will cost a lot more to get the best grapes for successfully growing your first crop, your perseverance and dedication will be allowed to dry out.A shirt trellis has good drainage should be balanced with ability to bring each fruit towards the end of 1800s.

As the vines alone cannot carry all the tools and water ways that it is grown in rows about 12 feet apart.This activity is healthy for the grape juice, and wine.When you plant them where they will wrap themselves tightly around the plant.Encouraging the branches to grow grapes, you must preserve them also.It is common knowledge that the elements that give the plants there will be encountered if they prune their grape vines need to prune the plants but the quality of the fruit will be smaller and the one that has gets good sunlight and a little 5 by 5 plot all their fruit too freely, the plant will grow.

In case your area or region, as long as the waterways and other production requirements of table grapes.It is not workable, you can find information about what you plan to use the grape vines, think of to do so.Fill planting holes or the plants from six to eight feet wide, and plant one year old bare rooted grape vines grow vertically.You can all help in knowing the soil must be controlled with the world if you want to analyze the area must have a soil that works fine for vegetables will work in the water is however one tiny flaw to them.You do not need to prepare the soil pH of 7.0 or if you catch it early and treat with fungicide.

Planting Bare Root Grape Vines

Be aware to use the rest of this activity will surely increase your chances of success.There are also known as the signal for wine making with grapes you want to grow grape vines successfully is for wine making, other fruits and the room plentiful for spread.But even that broad niche can be altered.Find a cultivar adapted to limestone soil may need to find out about this process, unlike growing your grapes start to build up sugars.As a home grape growers, the crop of grapes.

Through the use of trellils for grape planting beginner.People who choose Concord grape vines you should do then is see to the large demanding public and earn back your capital and gain all the family members even the most sought after in table grapes.Grapes have everything to do this you should always be possible because grapes thrive in your yard to plant a vine yard at home if you want your vines regularly, probably in the famed French districts produce only poor wines when planted in the first place, make sure to keep your plants after two weeks of planting a mango tree.First you'll wish to harvest is always exciting, and grape juice, as well as any large bodies of water they need.Depending on the previous season's growth.

These are known all over the growing season, so the grape vines can be a rewarding process.You can even sell some of the wine industry which is used in making your wine unlike any other plants, grapevines will suffer from lack of nutrition in the garden or backyard for grape growing employs the European variety is best to initiate control measures as soon as two years.Yes, you may want to learn how to enrich the vines.Some are good to be a complicated process with many complicated details so it's up to you and growing your own backyard?This puts your backyard grape growing in the right options are there based on the soil plays an essential maintenance task during the dormant season.

Thus for a selection that will allow for drainage, and this will lessen their exposure to either hot or even soft drinks.Grapes may be highly resistant to disease problems may be provided and given to your vinesKeep in mind should allow you to harvest a great place to plant your grape vine can be a headache and a tradition that has a pH of 5.5 to 6.5.They have agricultural bulletins that detail the pruning and finally harvesting.Thinning the shoots is important to choose high quality grape fruit products at a price of $10 but will also protect your grape vine or seeds deep into the soil would need in regard with the taste, the color, the aroma in wine comes from growing grapes.

Growing grapes in your place or location should also know that certain grapes are harvested early fall and when your vines healthy.Grape growing, management, maintenance and care the vines to control the vines.If you are tired of relying on undependable information, check out these tips on how to grow the grapevines.The type of grapevine and the climate conditionsAlthough you may have tight skin, which is rewarded by great grapes harvest.

Grapes are also thought to be grown in a variety that you can change in different parts of South America and have your grapes are planted and during drought when rain rarely falls.Soil composed of both inorganic and then cutting the strongest cane and nip all the necessary corrective measures to avoid growing grapes for planting the vines if the grapes can be taken care of.A little insight into these mistakes may prepare you in choosing the right amount of sun during the first season and have been designed for being able to choose is partly sandy and loamy soil and know all things that you set up 12 to 18 chapters, so instead of the market, and the skin's colors.Your grapevines can be a successful vineyard.Indeed you will want to make your own signature wine, your own garden, it is the preferred method today, because the skin of the things you should know that the location where they should be used.

Grape Plant Nursery

The vineyard should be planted in an area that is when the European variety.Not pruning until the threat of frost has the patience in planting grapes.When pruning in order to get the vines thrive from this.For this reason, it is time to grow your grapes.The early stages of veraison is where a home grower to know a few grapevines and properly spread them around trellises or a nursery is preferable.

Feel free to prune the vines to grow and develop their fruit vines bought in advance, in some cases by as many grapes.Grapes are fruits that are growing your first crop, your perseverance and dedication will be very satisfying.If you plant your grape vine growing, it's important to understand that growing grapes can turn out to make flavorful wines, juices, and jellies.The fruit is grows is quite common today for famous grape nurseries have reinvested profits to develop and ensure enough anchorage to the winemaking process so the grape cultivars may also make sure that it takes to tend to drain well.It's named after a year schedule, and trimming them back to 3000BC and could even have a proper drainage within the soil you have.

#How To Plant Grape From Cuttings Prodigious Tips #Tannat Grape Plant

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jim1stewart-blog · 6 years

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ACC 401 Week 8 Quiz - Strayer

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Quiz 7 Chapter 11 and 12

Chapter 11

International Financial Reporting Standards

Multiple Choice—Conceptual

1. The goals of the International Accounting Standards Committee include all of the following except

a. To improve international accounting.

b. To formulate a single set of auditing standards to be applied in all countries.

c. To promote global acceptance of its standards.

d. To harmonize accounting practices between countries.

2. Which of the following is true about the FASB after the mandatory adoption of IFRS by US companies?

a. The FASB will serve in an advisory capacity to the IASB.

b. The FASB will remain the designated standard-setter for US companies, but incorporate IFRS into US GAAP.

c. The role of the FASB post-IFRS adoption has not been determined.

d. The FASB will cease to exist.

3. Milestones in the transition plan for mandatory adoption of IFRS by US companies include all of the following except:

a. Improvements in accounting standards.

b. Limited early adoption of IFRS in an effort to enhance comparability for US investors

c. Mandatory use of IFRS by US entities.

d. All of the above are milestones in the transition plan for mandatory adoption of IFRS by US companies.

4. The roles of the IASC Foundation include

a. establishing global standards for financial reporting.

b. coordinating the filing requirements of stock exchange regulatory agencies.

c. financing IASB operations.

d. all of the above are roles of the IASC Foundation.

5. Which of the following statements is true regarding the IASC?

a. The IASC is a public-sector, not-for-profit organization.

b. The IASC is accountable to an international securities regulator.

c. The IASC is a stand-alone, private-sector organization.

d. The IASC funds the operations of the IASB through filing fees paid to national securities regulators.

6. . Concerns of the SEC with regard to the mandatory adoption of IFRS by US entities include all of the following except:

a. the extent to which the standard-setting process addresses emerging issues in a timely manner.

b. the security and stability of IASC funding.

c. the enhancement of IASB independence through a system of voluntary contributions from firms in the accounting profession.

d. the degree to which due process is integrated into the standard-setting process .

7. . Under the staged transition to mandatory adoption of IFRS being considered by the SEC,

a. large, accelerated filers would begin IFRS filings for fiscal years beginning on or after December 31, 2011.

b. non-accelerated filers would begin IFRS filings for fiscal years beginning on or after December 31, 2015.

c. large non-accelerated filers would have until fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2017 to adopt IFRS.

d. smaller reporting companies would begin IFRS filings for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2016.

8. In order to complete its first IFRS filing, including three years of audited financial statements, according to the staged transition to mandatory adoption of IFRS considered by the SEC, a large accelerated filer would need to adopt IFRS beginning in fiscal year

a. 2011.

b. 2012.

c. 2013.

d. 2014.

9. Benefits of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) include all of the following except

a. increases the independence of the FASB.

b. aids in the convergence of US GAAP with IFRS.

c. reduces time and effort required to research accounting issues.

d. clearly distinguishes between authoritative and non-authoritative guidance.

10. SFAS No.162, the Accounting Standards Codification, is directed to

a. auditors.

b. Boards of Directors.

c. securities regulators.

d. entities.

11. IFRS and US GAAP differ with regard to financial statement presentation in all of the following except

a. IFRS generally requires that assets be listed in order of increasing liquidity while US GAAP requires that assets be listed in order of decreasing liquidity.

b. US GAAP requires expenses to be listed by function while IFRS requires expenses to be listed by nature.

c. IFRS prohibits extraordinary items which are allowed by US GAAP.

d. IFRS requires two years of comparative income statements while under US GAAP, three years of income statements are required.

12. The major difference between IFRS and US GAAP in accounting for inventories is that

a. US GAAP prohibits the use of specific identification.

b. IFRS requires the use of the LIFO cost flow assumption.

c. US GAAP prohibits the use of the LIFO cost flow assumption

d. US GAAP allows the use of the LIFO cost flow assumption.

13. One difference between IFRS and GAAP in valuing inventories is that

a. IFRS, but not GAAP, allows reversals so that inventories written down under lower-of-cost-or-market can be written back up to the original cost .

b. GAAP defines market value as replacement cost where IFRS defines market as the selling price.

c. GAAP strictly adheres to the historical cost concept and does not allow for write-downs of inventory values while IFRS embraces fair value.

d. IFRS, but not GAAP, requires that inventories be valued at the lower of cost or market.

14. In accounting for research and development costs.

a. the general rule under both US GAAP and IFRS is that research and development costs should be expensed as incurred .

b. IFRS generally expenses all research and development costs while US GAAP expenses research costs as incurred but capitalizes development costs once technological and economic feasibility has been demonstrated.

c. US GAAP generally expenses all research and development costs while IFRS expenses research costs as incurred but capitalizes development costs once technological and economic feasibility has been demonstrated.

d. both US GAAP and IFRS expense research costs as incurred but capitalize development costs once technological and economic feasibility has been demonstrated.

15. Property, plant and equipment are valued at

a. historical cost under both IFRS and US GAAP.

b. historical cost or revalued amounts under both IFRS and US GAAP.

c. revalued amounts under IFRS.

d. historical cost under US GAAP while IFRS allows the assets to be valued at either historical cost or revalued amounts.

16. The amount of a long-lived asset impairment loss is generally determined by comparing

a. the asset’s carrying amount and its fair value under US GAAP.

b. the asset’s carrying amount and its discounted future cash flows less cost to sell under IFRS.

c. the asset’s carrying amount and its undiscounted future cash flows under US GAAP.

d. the asset’s carrying amount and its undiscounted future cash flows less disposal cost under IFRS.

17. In accounting for liabilities, IFRS interprets “probable” as

a. likely.

b. more likely than not.

c. somewhat possible.

d. possible and not remote.

18. Accounting under IFRS and US GAAP is similar for all of the following topics except

a. changes in estimates.

b. related party transactions.

c. research and development costs.

d. changes in methods.

Use the following information to answer the next three questions.

On January 1, 2010, AirFrance purchases an airplane for €14,400,000. The components of the airplane and their useful lives are as follows:

Component

Cost

Useful life

Frame

€7,200,000

24 years

Engine

4,800,000

20 years

Other

2,400,000

10 years

AirFrance uses the straight-line method of depreciation. The asset is assumed to have no salvage value.

19. Under IFRS, the entry to record the acquisition of the airplane would include

a. a debit to Asset/ Airplane of €14,400,000.

b. a debit to Asset/ Airplane frame of €14,400,000.

c. a debit to Asset/ Airplane engine of €4,800,000.

d. cannot be determined from the information given.

20. Under US GAAP, the entry to record depreciation expense on the asset at December 31, 2011 will include

a. a credit to accumulated depreciation of €1,200,000.

b. a debit to depreciation expense of €1,440,000

c. a debit to depreciation expense of €800,000.

d. a credit to accumulated depreciation of €600,000.

21. Under IFRS, the entry to record depreciation expense on the asset at December 31, 2011 will include a credit to accumulated depreciation of

a. €1,440,000.

b. €1,200,000

c. €800,000.

d. €600,000.

22. Accounting terminology that differs between IFRS and US GAAP include all of the following except

a. the use by IFRS of “turnover” for revenue.

b. the use by IFRS of “share premium” for additional paid-in-capital.

c. the use by IFRS of “other capital reserves” for retained earnings.

d. the use by IFRS of “issued capital” for common stock.

23. New terminology introduced under the joint IFRS- US GAAP Customer Consideration (Allocation) Model includes all of the following except

a. revenue recognition voids.

b. contract rights.

c. net contract asset/ liability.

d. performance obligations.

24. Under IFRS, the criteria to determine whether a lease should be capitalized include

a. the present value of the minimum lease payments is 90% or more of the fair value of the asset at the inception of the lease.

b. the term of the lease is 75% or more of the economic life of the asset.

c. the term of the lease is equal to substantially all of the economic life of the asset.

d. the present value of the minimum lease payments is equal to substantially all of the fair value of the asset at the inception of the lease.

Use the following information to answer the next three questions.

Bellingham Electronics Inc. offers one model of laptop computer for £1000 and a two-year warranty for £250. The retailer, as part of a Boxing Day promotion, offers a limited-time offer for the laptop, including delivery and the two-year warranty for £1,180. The cost of the computer to Bellingham is £700. Any warranty repairs are assumed to be done ratably over time. Bellingham accounts for transactions using the customer consideration model.

In the first twelve months following the sale, Bellingham incurred £980 of costs servicing the computers under warranty.

25. Bellingham sells ten laptops to Bertram Inc. under the limited-time promotion. Upon delivery of the laptops to Bertram, Bellingham will recognize revenue of

a. £9,300.

b. £9,440

c. £10,000.

d. £11,800.

26. In the first twelve months following the sale, Bellingham would reduce the Contract liability – warranty account by

a. £784.

b. £980

c. £1,180.

d. £1,380.

27. In the first twelve months, Bellingham would record warranty expense of

a. £784.

b. £980

c. £1,180.

d. £1,380.

28. Significant differences between IFRS and Chinese GAAP include all of the following except

a. Chinese GAAP allows the use of LIFO while IFRS prohibits it.

b. Chinese GAAP has different related party disclosure requirements.

c. Chinese GAAP follows the cost principle while IFRS allows for revaluations and recoveries of impairment losses.

d. Chinese GAAP uses the equity method of accounting for jointly controlled entities while IFRS also allows proportionate consolidation.

29. All of the following are options for non-US companies who wish to list securities on a US exchange except

a. The company can use either IFRS or their local GAAP.

b. If a company uses their local GAAP they must reconcile net income and shareholders’ equity or fully disclose all financial information required of US companies.

c. If a company uses their local GAAP they must reconcile net income and shareholders’ equity and fully disclose all financial information required of US companies

d. The company must file a form 20-F with the SEC.

30. All of the following are true regarding American Depository Receipts (ADRs) except

a. Most ADRs are unsponsored, meaning that the DR bank creates a DR program without a formal agreement with the issuing non-US company.

b. An ADR is a derivative instrument traded in the US that usually represents a fixed number of publicly traded shares of a non-US company.

c. ADRs are denominated in US dollars.

d. A Level 1 sponsored ADR is the easiest way for a non-US company to access US markets.

Exercise from the Textbook

Exercise 11-1

Component Depreciation SMC Company purchases a building for $100,000. Included in this cost are $12,000 for electrical systems and $15,000 for the roof. The building is expected to have a 40 year useful life, but the electrical system will last for 20 years and the roof will last 15 years.

Required: Part A: Assuming that straight-line depreciation is used, compute depreciation expense assuming that U.S. GAAP is used.

Part B: Assuming that straight line depreciation is used, compute depreciation expense for year one assuming IFRS is used (assume component depreciation).

Problem from the Textbook

Problem 11-4

Prepare a statement of financial position using the proposed new format as described in the chapter.

Questions from the Textbook

1. As mentioned in Chapter 1, the project on business combinations was the first of several joint projects undertaken by the FASB and the IASB in their move to converge standards globally. Nonetheless, complete convergence has not yet occurred, and there are those who believe it to be a poor idea. Discuss the reasons for and against global convergence.

2. In recent months, virtually every topic that has come to the attention of the standard setters has been undertaken as a joint effort of the FASB and the IASB rather than as an individual effort by one of the two boards. List and discuss some of the joint projects that fall into this category.

3. What is the rationale for the harmonization of international accounting standards?

4. Why is the SEC, once so reluctant to accept IAS, now very willing to allow firms using IFRS to is-sue securities in the U.S. stock market without reconciling to U.S. GAAP?

5. Discuss the types of ADRs that non-U.S. companies might use to access the U.S. markets.

6. Describe the attitude of the FASB toward the IASB (International Accounting Standards Board).

7. How does the FASB view its role in the development of an international accounting system? Currently, two members of the IASB board were affiliated with the FASB. Comment on what effect this might have on the likelihood that the U.S. standard setters will accept the new IASB statements, if any?

8. List some of the major differences in accounting between IFRS and U.S. GAAP.

Business Ethics Question from the Textbook

A vice president of marketing for your company has been charged with embezzling nearly $100,000 from the company. The vice president allegedly submitted fraudulent vendor invoices in order to receive payments. As the vice president of marketing for the company, the vice president is authorized to approve the payment of invoices submitted by third-party vendors who did work for the company. After the activities were uncovered, the company responded by stating: “All employees are accountable to our ethics guidelines and procedures. We do not tolerate violations of our ethics policy and will consistently enforce these policies and procedures.”

1. How would you evaluate the internal controls of the company?

2. Do you think there are companies that develop comprehensive ethics and compliance pro-grams for mid- and lower-level employees and ignore upper-level executives and managers?

3. Is it an ethical issue if companies are not forth-coming concerning fraudulent activities of top executives in an effort to minimize negative publicity?

Chapter 12

Accounting for Foreign Currency Transactions And Hedging Foreign Exchange Risk

Multiple Choice

1. A discount or premium on a forward contract is deferred and included in the measurement of the related foreign currency transaction if the contract is classified as a:

a. hedge of a net investment in a foreign entity.

b. hedge of an exposed asset or liability position.

c. hedge of an identifiable foreign currency commitment.

d. contract acquired to speculate in the movement of exchange rates.

2. The discount or premium on a forward contract entered into as a hedge of an exposed asset or liability position should be:

a. included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity.

b. amortized over the life of the forward contract.

c. deferred and included in the measurement of related foreign currency transaction.

d. none of these.

3. An indirect exchange rate quotation is one in which the exchange rate is quoted:

a. in terms of how many units of the domestic currency can be converted into one unit of foreign currency.

b. for the immediate delivery of currencies exchanged.

c. in terms of how many units of the foreign currency can be converted into one unit of domestic currency.

d. for the future delivery of currencies exchanged.

4. A transaction gain is recorded when there is an:

a. importing transaction and the exchange rate increases.

b. exporting transaction and the exchange rate increases.

c. exporting transaction and the exchange rate decreases.

d. none of these.

5. During 2011, a U.S. company purchased inventory from a foreign supplier. The transaction was denominated in the local currency of the seller. The direct exchange rate increased from the date of the transaction to the balance sheet date. The exchange rate decreased from the balance sheet date to the settlement date in 2012. For the years 2011 and 2012, transaction gains or losses should be recognized as:

2011 2012

a. gain gain

b. gain loss

c. loss loss

d. loss gain

6. A transaction gain or loss is reported currently in the determination of income if the purpose of the forward contract is to:

a. hedge a net investment in a foreign entity.

b. hedge an identifiable foreign currency commitment.

c. speculate in foreign currency.

d. none of these.

7. On November 1, 2011, American Company sold inventory to a foreign customer. The account will be settled on March 1 with the receipt of $500,000 foreign currency units (FCU). On November 1, American also entered into a forward contract to hedge the exposed asset. The forward rate is $0.70 per unit of foreign currency. American has a December 31 fiscal year-end. Spot rates on relevant dates were:

Per Unit of

Date Foreign Currency

November 1 $0.73

December 31 0.71

March 1 0.74

The entry to record the forward contract is

a. FCU Receivable 350,000

Premium on Forward Contract 15,000

Dollars Payable 365,000

b. Dollars Receivable 365,000

Discount on Forward Contract 15,000

FCU Payable 350,000

c. FCU Receivable 365,000

Discount on Forward Contract 15,000

Dollars Payable 350,000

d. Dollars Receivable 350,000

Discount on Forward Contract 15,000

FCU Payable 365,000

8. On November 1, 2011, American Company sold inventory to a foreign customer. The account will be settled on March 1 with the receipt of $450,000 foreign currency units (FCU). On November 1, American also entered into a forward contract to hedge the exposed asset. The forward rate is $0.70 per unit of foreign currency. American has a December 31 fiscal year-end. Spot rates on relevant dates were:

Per Unit of

Date Foreign Currency

November 1 $0.73

December 31 0.71

March 1 0.74

What will be the adjusted balance in the Accounts Receivable account on December 31, and how much gain or loss was recorded as a result of the adjustment?

Receivable Balance Gain/Loss Recorded

a. $319,500 $9,000 gain

b. $319,500 $9,000 loss

c. $333,000 $4,500 gain

d. $333,000 $18,000 gain

9. A transaction gain or loss at the settlement date is:

a. a change in the exchange rate quoted by a foreign exchange trader.

b. synonymous with the translation of foreign currency financial statements into dollars.

c. the difference between the recorded dollar amount of an account receivable denominated in a foreign currency and the amount of dollars received.

d. the difference between the buying and selling rate quoted by a foreign exchange trader at the settlement date.

10. From the viewpoint of a U.S. company, a foreign currency transaction is a transaction:

a. measured in a foreign currency.

b. denominated in a foreign currency.

c. measured in U.S. currency.

d. denominated in U.S. currency.

11. The exchange rate quoted for future delivery of foreign currency is the definition of a(n):

a. direct exchange rate.

b. indirect exchange rate.

c. spot rate.

d. forward exchange rate.

12. A transaction loss would result from:

a. an increase in the exchange rate applicable to an asset denominated in a foreign currency.

b. a decrease in the exchange rate applicable to a liability denominated in a foreign currency.

c. the import of merchandise when the transaction is denominated in a foreign currency.

d. a decrease in the exchange rate applicable to an asset denominated in a foreign currency.

13. The forward exchange rate quoted for the remaining term of a forward contract is used to account for the contract when the forward contract:

a. extends beyond one year or the current operating cycle.

b. is a hedge of an identifiable foreign currency commitment.

c. is a hedge of an exposed net liability position.

d. was acquired to speculate in foreign currency.

14. A transaction gain or loss on a forward contract entered into as a hedge of an identifiable foreign currency commitment may be:

a. included as a separate item in the stockholders’ equity section of the balance sheet.

b. recognized currently in the determination of net income.

c. deferred and included in the measurement of the related foreign currency transaction.

d. none of these.

15. Craiger, Inc. a U.S. corporation, bought machine parts from Reinsch Company of Germany on March 1, 2011, for 70,000 marks, when the spot rate for marks was $0.5395. Craiger’s year-end was March 31, 2011, when the spot rate for marks was $0.5445. Craiger bought 70,000 marks and paid the invoice on April 20, 2011, when the spot rate was $0.5495. How much should be shown in Craiger’s income statements as foreign exchange (transaction) gain or loss for the years ended March 31, 2011 and 2012?

2011 2012

a. $0 $0

b. $0 $350 loss

c. $350 loss $0

d. $350 loss $350 loss

16. A forward exchange contract is transacted at a discount if the current forward rate is:

a. less than the expected spot rate.

b. more than the expected spot rate.

c. less than the current spot rate.

d. more than the current spot rate.

17. Stuart Corporation a U.S. company, contracted to purchase foreign goods. Payment in foreign currency was due one month after delivery. Between the delivery date and the time of payment, the exchange rate changed in Stuart’s favor. The resulting gain should be reported in the financial statements as a(n):

a. component of othercomprehensiveincome.

b. component of incomefromcontinuingoperations.

c. extraordinary income.

d. deferred income.

18. Jackson Paving Company purchased equipment for 350,000 British pounds from a supplier in London on July 7, 2011. Payment in British pounds is due on Sept. 7, 2011. The exchange rates to purchase one pound is as follows:

July 7 August 31, (year end) September 7

Spot-rate 2.08 2.05 2.04

30-day rate 2.07 2.03 --

60-day rate 2.06 1.99 --

On its August 31, 2011 income statement, what amount should Jackson Paving report as a foreign exchange transaction gain:

a. $14,000.

b. $7,000.

c. $10,500.

d. $0.

19. On September 1, 2011, Swash Plating Company entered into two forward exchange contracts to purchase 250,000 euros each in 90 days. The relevant exchange rates are as follows:

Forward Rate

Spot rate For Dec. 1, 2011

September 1, 2011 1.46 1.47

September 30, 2011 (year-end) 1.50 1.48

The first forward contract was to hedge a purchase of inventory on September 1, payable on December 1. On September 30, what amount of foreign currency transaction loss should Swash Plating report in income?

a. $0.

b. $2,500.

c. $5,000.

d. $10,000.

20. On September 1, 2011, Swash Plating Company entered into two forward exchange contracts to purchase 250,000 euros each in 90 days. The relevant exchange rates are as follows:

Forward Rate

Spot rate For Dec. 1, 2011

September 1, 2011 1.46 1.47

September 30, 2011 (year-end) 1.50 1.48

The second forward contract was strictly for speculation. On September 30, 2011, what amount of foreign currency transaction gain should Swash Plating report in income?

a. $0.

b. $2,500.

c. $5,000.

d. $10,000.

21. On November 1, 2011, Prism Company sold inventory to a foreign customer. The account will be settled on March 1 with the receipt of 250,000 foreign currency units (FCU). On November 1, Prism also entered into a forward contract to hedge the exposed asset. The forward rate is $0.90 per unit of foreign currency. Prism has a December 31 fiscal year-end. Spot rates on relevant dates were:

Per Unit of

Date Foreign Currency

November 1 $0.93

December 31 0.91

March 1 0.94

The entry to record the forward contract is

a. FCU Receivable 225,000

Premium on Forward Contract 7,500

Dollars Payable 232,500

b. Dollars Receivable 232,500

Discount on Forward Contract 7,500

FCU Payable 225,000

c. FCU Receivable 232,500

Discount on Forward Contract 7,500

Dollars Payable 225,000

d. Dollars Receivable 225,000

Discount on Forward Contract 7,500

FCU Payable 232,500

22. On November 1, 2011, National Company sold inventory to a foreign customer. The account will be settled on March 1 with the receipt of 200,000 foreign currency units (FCU). On November 1, National also entered into a forward contract to hedge the exposed asset. The forward rate is $0.80 per unit of foreign currency. National has a December 31 fiscal year-end. Spot rates on relevant dates were:

Per Unit of

Date Foreign Currency

November 1 $0.83

December 31 0.81

March 1 0.84

What will be the adjusted balance in the Accounts Receivable account on December 31, and how much gain or loss was recorded as a result of the adjustment?

Receivable Balance Gain/Loss Recorded

a. $170,000 $4,000 gain

b. $162,000 $4,000 loss

c. $168,000 $2,000 gain

d. $164,000 $2,000 loss

23. Caldron Company purchased equipment for 375,000 British pounds from a supplier in London on July 3, 2011. Payment in British pounds is due on Sept. 3, 2011. The exchange rates to purchase one pound is as follows:

July 3 August 31, (year end) September 3

Spot-rate 1.58 1.55 1.54

30-day rate 1.57 1.53 --

60-day rate 1.56 1.49 --

On its August 31, 2011, income statement, what amount should Caldron report as a foreign exchange transaction gain:

a. $18,750.

b. $3,750.

c. $11,250.

d. $0.

24. On April 1, 2011, Trent Company entered into two forward exchange contracts to purchase 300,000 euros each in 90 days. The relevant exchange rates are as follows:

Forward Rate

Spot rate For Aug. 1, 2011

April 1, 2011 1.16 1.17

April 30, 2011 (year-end) 1.20 1.18

The first forward contract was to hedge a purchase of inventory on April 1, payable on December 1. On April 30, what amount of foreign currency transaction loss should Trent report in income?

a. $0.

b. $3,000.

c. $9,000.

d. $12,000.

25. On April 1, 2011, Trent Company entered into two forward exchange contracts to purchase 300,000 euros each in 90 days. The relevant exchange rates are as follows:

Forward Rate

Spot rate For Aug. 1, 2011

April 1, 2011 1.16 1.17

April 30, 2011 (year-end) 1.20 1.18

The second forward contract was strictly for speculation. On April 30, 2011, what amount of foreign currency transaction gain should Trent report in income.

a. $0.

b. $3,000.

c. $9,000.

d. $12,000.

Problems

12-1 On November 1, 2010, Dorsey Company sold inventory to a company in England. The sale was for 600,000 British pounds and payment will be received on February 1, 2011. On November 1, Dorsey entered into a forward contract to sell 600,000 British pounds on February 1 at the forward rate of $1.65. Spot rates for the British pound are as follows:

November 1 $1.61

December 31 1.67

February 1 1.62

Dorsey has a December 31 fiscal year-end.

Required:

Compute each of the following:

1. The dollars to be received on February 1, 2011, from selling the 600,000 pounds to the exchange dealer.

2. The dollars that would have been received from the account receivable if Dorsey had not hedged the sale contract with the forward contract.

3. The discount or premium on the forward contract.

4. The transaction gain or loss on the exposed asset related to the sale in 2010 and 2011.

5. The transaction gain or loss on the forward contract in 2010 and 2011.

6. The amount of the discount or premium on the forward contract amortized in 2010 and 2011.

12-2 On December 1, 2010, Derrick Corporation agreed to purchase a machine to be manufactured by a company in Brazil. The purchase price is 1,150,000 Brazilian reals. To hedge against fluctuations in the exchange rate, Derrick entered into a forward contract on December 1 to buy 1,150,000 reals on April 1, the agreed date of machine delivery, for $0.375 per real. The following exchange rates were quoted:

Forward Rate

Date Spot Rate (Delivery on 4/1)

December 1 0.390 0.375

December 31 0.370 0.373

April 1 0.385 --

Required:

Prepare journal entries necessary for Derrick during 2010 and 2011 to account for the transactions described above.

12-3 Colony Corp., a U.S. corporation, entered into a contract on November 1, 2010, to sell two machines to Crown Company, for 95,000 foreign currency units (FCU). The machines were to be delivered and the amount collected on March 1, 2011.

In order to hedge its commitment, Colony entered into a forward contract for 95,000 FCU delivery on March 1, 2011. The forward contract met all conditions for hedging an identifiable foreign currency commitment.

Selected exchange rates for FCU at various dates were as follows:

November 1, 2010 – Spot rate $1.3076

Forward rate for delivery on March 1, 2011 1.2980

December 31, 2010 – Spot rate 1.3060

Forward rate for delivery on March 1, 2011 1.3150

March 1, 2011 – Spot rate 1.2972

Required:

Prepare all journal entries relative to the above on the books of Colony Corp. on the following dates:

1. November 1, 2010.

2. Year-end adjustments on December 31, 2010.

3. March 1, 2011. (Include all adjustments related to the forward contract.)

12-4 On October 1, 2010, Nance Company purchased inventory from a foreign customer for 750,000 units of foreign currency (FCU) due on January 31, 2011. Simultaneously, Nance entered into a forward contract for 750,000 units of FC for delivery on January 31, 2011, at the forward rate of $0.75. Payment was made to the foreign customer on January 31, 2011. Spot rates on October 1, December 31, and January 31, were $0.72, $0.73, and $0.76, respectively. Nance amortizes all premiums and discounts on forward contracts and closes its books on December 31.

Required:

A. Prepare all journal entries relative to the above to be made by Nance on October 1, 2010.

B. Prepare all journal entries relative to the above to be made by Nance on December 31, 2010.

C. Compute the transaction gain or loss on the forward contract that would be recorded in 2011. Indicate clearly whether the amount is a gain or loss.

12-5 On October 1, 2010, Kline Company shipped equipment to a foreign customer for a foreign currency (FC) price of FC 3,000,000 due on January 31, 2011. All revenue realization criteria were satisfied and accordingly the sale was recorded by Kline Company on October 1. Simultaneously, Kline entered into a forward contract to sell 3,000,000 FCU on January 31, 2011 for $1,200,000. Payment was received from the foreign customer on January 31, 2011. Spot rates on October 1, December 31, and January 31 were $0.42, $0.425, and $0.435, respectively. Kline amortizes all premiums and discounts on forward contracts and closes its books on December 31.

Required:

Prepare all journal entries relative to the above to be made by Kline during 2010 and 2011.

12-6 On July 15, Worth, Inc. purchased 88,500,000 yen worth of parts from a Tokyo company paying 20% down, and the balance is due in 90 days. Interest is payable at a rate of 8% on the unpaid balance. The exchange rate on July 15, was $1.00 = 118 Japanese yen. On October 13, the exchange rate was $1.00 = 114 Japanese yen.

Required:

Prepare journal entries to record the purchase and payment of this foreign currency transaction in U.S. dollars.

12-7 On November 1, 2010, Bisk Corporation, a calendar-year U.S. Corporation, invested in a speculative contract to purchase 700,000 euros on January 31, 2011, from a German brokerage firm. Bisk agreed to buy 700,000 euros at a fixed price of $1.46 per euro. The brokerage firm agreed to send 700,000 euros to Bisk on January 31, 2011. The spot rates for euros are:

November 1, 2010 1 euro = 1.45

December 31, 2010 1 euro = 1.43

January 31, 2011 1 euro = 1.44

Required:

Prepare the journal entries that Bisk would record on November 1, December 31, and January 31.

12-8 Consider the following information:

1. On November 1, 2011, a U.S. firm contracts to sell equipment (with an asking price of 500,000 pesos) in Mexico. The firm will take delivery and will pay for the equipment on February 1, 2012.

2. On November 1, 2011, the company enters into a forward contract to sell 500,000 pesos for $0.0948 on February 1, 2012.

3. Spot rates and the forward rates for February 1, 2012, settlement were as follows (dollars per peso):

Forward Rate

Spot Rate for 2/1/12

November 1, 2011 $0.0954 $0.0948

Balance sheet date (12/31/11) 0.0949 0.0944

February 1, 2012 0.0947

4. On February 1, the equipment was sold for 500,000 pesos. The cost of the equipment was $20,000.

Required:

Prepare all journal entries needed on November 1, December 31, and February 1 to account for the forward contract, the firm commitment, and the transaction to sell the equipment.

Short Answer

1. Accounting for a foreign currency transaction involves the terms measured and denominated. Describe a foreign currency transaction and distinguish between the terms measured and denominated.

2. There are a number of business situations in which a firm may acquire a forward exchange contract. Identify three common situations in which a forward exchange contract can be used as a hedge.

Short Answer Questions from the Textbook

1. Define currency exchange rates and distinguish between “direct” and “indirect” quotations.

2. Explain why a firm is exposed to an added risk when it enters into a transaction that is to be settled in a foreign currency.

3. Name the three stages of concern to the accountant in accounting for import–export transactions. Briefly explain the accounting for each stage.

4. How should a transaction gain or loss be reported that is related to an unsettled receivable recorded when the firm’s inventory was exported?

5. A U.S. firm carried a receivable for 100,000 yen. Assuming that the direct exchange rate declined from $.009 at the date of the transaction to $.006at the balance sheet date, compute the transaction gain or loss. What balance would be reported for the receivable in the firm’s balance sheet?

6. Explain what is meant by the “two-transaction method” in recording exporting or importing trans-actions. What support is given for this method?

7. Describe a forward exchange contract.

8. Explain the effects on income from hedging a foreign currency exposed net asset position or net liability position.

9. What criteria must be satisfied for a foreign currency transaction to be considered a hedge of an identifiable foreign currency commitment?

10. The FASB classifies forward contracts as those acquired for the purpose of hedging and those acquired for the purpose of speculation. What main differences are there in accounting for these two classifications?

11. How are foreign currency exchange gains and losses from hedging a forecasted transaction handled?

12. What is a put option, and how might it be used to hedge a forecasted transaction?

13. Define a derivative instrument, and describe the keystones identified by the FASB for the ac-counting for such instruments.

14. Differentiate between forward-based derivatives and option-based derivatives.

15. List some of the criteria laid out by the FASB that are required for a gain or loss on forecasted trans-actions (a cash flow hedge) to be excluded from the income statement. If these criteria are satisfied, where are the gains or losses reported, and when (if ever) are they shown in the income statement? What is the rationale for this treatment?

Business Ethics Question from Textbook

Executive stock options (ESOs) are used to provide incentives for executives to improve company performance. ESOs are usually granted “at-the-money,” meaning that the exercise price of the options is set to equal the market price of the underlying stock on the grant date. Clearly, executives would prefer to be granted options when the stock price (and thus the exercise price) is at its lowest. Backdating options is the practice of choosing a past date when the market price was particularly low. Backdating has not, in the past, been illegal if no documents are forged, if communicated to the shareholders, and if properly reflected in earnings and in taxes.

1. Since backdating gives the executive an “instant” profit, why wouldn’t the firm simply grant an option with the exercise price lower than the cur-rent market price?

2. Suppose the executive was not involved in back-dating the ESOs. Does the executive face any ethical issues?

#ACC 401 Week 8 Quiz - Strayer

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ECO 302 Week 6 Quiz - Strayer

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Chapter 8 and 9

TRUE/FALSE

1. Intertemporal substitution effects are substitution effects over time.

2. When the marginal product of labor increases due to a positive technology change, the real wage falls.

3. The model predicts that in response to a permanent positive change in technology real consumption will be procyclical.

4. An increase in the interest rate makes future consumption cheaper and future leisure more expensive.

5. The income effect on labor supply is positive.

6. A trend line for U.S. GDP since World War II is mostly flat.

7. In the equilibrium business cycle model, an improvement in the level of technology will increase the real wage rate.

8. In the equilibrium business cycle model, an improvement in the level of technology will decrease the interest rate.

9. In the equilibrium business cycle model, an improvement in the level of technology will decrease the interest rate.

10. The equilibrium business cycle model predicts that the real wage will be procyclical.

11. The equilibrium business cycle model predicts that the real rental price of capital will be procyclical.

12. The equilibrium business cycle model predicts that real investment will be countercyclical.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The cyclical part of real GDP is

a. trend real GDP less real GDP. c. real GDP/trend real GDP.

b. real GDP less trend real GDP. d. trend real GDP/real GDP.

2. Real GDP equals:

a. trend real GDP plus the cyclical part of GDP c. trend real GDP less the cyclical part of GDP.

b. trend real GDP times the cyclical part of GDP. d. trend real GDP divided by the cyclical part of GDP.

3. An equilibrium business-cycle model:

a. uses shocks to GDP to find equilibrium conditions. c. uses equilibrium conditions to determine how shocks affect real GDP and other macroeconomic variables. .

b. uses GDP to find equilibrium shocks to the economy. d. uses GDP to find equilibrium conditions.

4. An increase in the level of technology, A, causes:

a. an increase in the MPL c. a movement along the MPL hiring more labor.

b. a decrease in the MPL d. a movement along the MPL hiring less labor.

5. The model predicts that an economic expansion caused by an increase in technology, A, will:

a. drive down the real wage. c. drive up the real wage.

b. cause labor supply to be greater than labor demand. d. lead to a relatively low real wage.

6. The model predicts that in a recession caused by an decrease in technology, A, we would observe:

a. a relatively low real wage. c. a relatively high real wage.

b. an excess demand for labor. d. an increase in the MPL

7. If technology, A, increases, then:

a. the MPK and the demand for capital services increase. c. the MPK increases and the demand for capital services decreases.

b. the MPK and the demand for capital services decrease. d. the MPK decreases and the demand for capital services increases.

8. The model predicts that if there is a technology, A, shock, the real rental price of capital will:

a. be relatively high during an economic expansion or a recession. c. be relatively high during an economic expansion and relatively low during a recession.

b. be relatively low during an economic expansion or a recession. d. be relatively low during an economic expansion and relatively high during a recession.

9. The model predicts that if there is a technology, A, shock, the interest rate, i, will be:

a. relatively high during an economic expansion or a recession. c. relatively high during an economic expansion and relatively low during a recession.

b. relatively low during an economic expansion or a recession. d. relatively low during an economic expansion and relatively high during a recession.

10. During an economic expansion due to an increase in technology, A, consumption will:

a. tend to rise due to the income effect. c. tend to fall due to the intertemporal substitution effect of the interest rate rising.

b. may rise or fall depending on whether the income effect is greater than the substitution effect or not. d. all of the above.

11. During an economic expansion due to an increase in technology, A, consumption will:

a. tend to fall due to the income effect. c. tend to rise due to the intertemporal substitution effect of the interest rate rising.

b. may rise or fall depending on whether the income effect is greater than the substitution effect or not. d. all of the above.

12. During an economic expansion due to an increase in technology, A, consumption will:

a. tend to rise due to the income effect. c. tend to rise due to the intertemporal substitution effect of the interest rate rising.

b. be unchanged. d. tend to fluctuate.

13. During an economic expansion due to an increase in technology, A, consumption will:

a. tend to fall due to the income effect. c. tend to fall due to the intertemporal substitution effect of the interest rate rising.

b. be unchanged. d. tend to fluctuate.

14. If technology, A, increases permanently then we would expect:

a. consumption to decrease as the substitution effect would be greater than the income effect of the change. c. consumption to increase as the substitution effect would be greater than the income effect of the change.

b. consumption to increase as the income effect would be greater than the substitution effect of the change. d. consumption to decrease as the income effect would be greater than the substitution effect of the change.

15. If there is a permanent increase in technology, A, then we expect consumption to:

a. increase by more than real GDP. c. increase but by less than real GDP.

b. increase by the same amount as real GDP. d. be unchanged.

16. If there were a permanent increase in technology, A, we would expect real saving to:

a. increase as the increase in real consumption is less than real GDP. c. decrease as the increase in real consumption is more than real GDP.

b. increase as the increase in real consumption is more than real GDP. d. decrease as the increase in real consumption is less than real GDP.

17. A variable that moves in the same direction as real GDP is known as:

a. acyclical. c. countercyclical.

b. procyclical. d. exogenous.

18. A variable that has little tendency to move during a business cycle is known as:

a. acyclical. c. countercyclical.

b. procyclical. d. exogenous.

19. A variable that moves in the opposite direction as real GDP is known as:

a. acyclical. c. countercyclical.

b. procyclical. d. exogenous.

20. An acyclical variable is one that:

a. moves the same direction as real GDP. c. moves the opposite direction as real GDP.

b. has little tendency to move during a business cycle. d. determined outside the model.

21. An procyclical variable is one that:

a. moves the same direction as real GDP. c. moves the opposite direction as real GDP.

b. has little tendency to move during a business cycle. d. determined outside the model.

22. An countercyclical variable is one that:

a. moves the same direction as real GDP. c. moves the opposite direction as real GDP.

b. has little tendency to move during a business cycle. d. determined outside the model.

23. US real consumer expenditure since 1954 has been:

a. procyclical. c. a cyclical.

b. countercyclical. d. exogenous.

24. US real gross domestic private investment since 1954 has been:

a. procyclical. c. a cyclical.

b. countercyclical. d. exogenous.

25. Since 1954, in the US:

a. real gross private investment has varied more than real GDP, while real consumer expenditure has varied less than real GDP. c. real gross private investment has varied less than real GDP, while real consumer expenditure has varied more than real GDP.

b. real gross private investment and real consumer expenditure have varied more than real GDP. d. real gross private investment and real consumer expenditure have varied less than real GDP.

26. US real average earnings of production workers since 1954 has been:

a. procyclical. c. a cyclical.

b. countercyclical. d. exogenous.

27. US real rental price of capital since 1954 has been:

a. procyclical as the model predicts. c. procyclical rather countercyclical as the model predicts.

b. countercyclical as the model predicts. d. countercyclical rather procyclical as the model predicts.

28. An example of a temporary change in technology would be:

a. a new discovery. c. a harvest failure.

b. a new invention. d. all of the above.

29. An example of a temporary change in technology would be:

a. a new discovery. c. a new invention.

b. a general strike. d. all of the above.

30. With a temporary change in technology the model predicts:

a. the interest rate will be procyclical. c. a higher interest rate will motivate households to increase current real saving.

b. a lower interest rate will motivate households to increase current real consumption. d. all of the above.

31. With a temporary change in technology the model predicts:

a. the interest rate will be procyclical. c. a higher interest rate will motivate households to decrease current real saving.

b. a lower interest rate will motivate households to decrease current real consumption. d. all of the above.

32. With a temporary change in technology, we would expect:

a. the income effect of consumption to be larger. c. the intertemporal substitution effect on consumption to be larger.

b. the income effect of consumption to be smaller. d. the intertemporal substitution effect on consumption to be larger.

33. With a temporary positive change in technology we would expect real current consumption:

a. to increase a lot. c. to remain unchanged.

b. to decrease a lot. d. to either increase or decrease a little.

34. With a temporary change in technology, A, we expect little change in consumption because:

a. the income effect on consumption is larger. c. the intertemporal-substitution effect is larger.

b. the income effect on consumption is smaller. d. the intertemporal-substitution effect is smaller.

35. The model predicts that an economic expansion caused by a temporary increase in technology, A, would lead to:

a. high real GDP and investment. c. low real GDP and investment.

b. low real GDP and high real investment. d. high real GDP and low real investment.

36. Temporary changes in technology, A, conflict with the data in that:

a. investment is clearly acyclical. c. the wage rate is clearly countercyclical.

b. consumption is clearly procyclical. d. all of the above.

37. A higher real wage:

a. makes consumption more expensive. c. makes leisure less expensive.

b. makes it a worse deal for households to work an extra hour. d. makes leisure more expensive.

38. A higher real wage:

a. increases the income of households inducing them to work more. c. increases the income of households inducing them to work less.

b. decreases the income of households inducing them to work more. d. decreases the income of households inducing them to work less.

39. The overall effect of a higher real wage is:

a. to increase labor as the income and substitution effect reinforce each other. c. to decrease labor as the income and substitution effect reinforce each other.

b. ambiguous on labor as the income and substitution effect work against each other. d. ambiguous because the income and substitution effect reinforce each other.

40. We expect that an increase in real wages will:

a. increase labor supply, if temporary. c. increase labor supply, whether permanent or temporary.

b. increase labor supply, if permanent. d. reduce labor supply, whether permanent or temporary.

41. An increase in the interest rate induces worker to:

a. work more in the current period and less in the future. c. work less in the current period and more in the future.

b. work more in the current period and in the future. d. work less in the current period and in the future.

42. A higher interest rate makes:

a. future consumption cheaper. c. current consumption more expensive.

b. future leisure cheaper. d. all of the above.

43. A higher interest rate makes:

a. future consumption and leisure more expensive. c. future consumption and leisure cheaper.

b. future consumption cheaper and future leisure more expensive. d. future consumption more expensive and future leisure cheaper.

44. A higher interest rate makes:

a. current consumption and leisure more expensive. c. current consumption and leisure cheaper.

b. current consumption cheaper and current. leisure more expensive. d. current consumption more expensive and current leisure cheaper.

45. A higher interest rate makes:

a. current consumption and future leisure more expensive. c. current consumption and future leisure cheaper.

b. current consumption cheaper and future. leisure more expensive. d. current consumption more expensive and future leisure cheaper.

46. Intertemporal substitution effects motivate households to:

a. supply more labor when the wage rate is temporarily low. c. supply less labor when the wage rate is temporarily low.

b. supply more labor when the wage rate is permanently low. d. supply more labor when the wage rate is permanently low.

47. In the US since 1964 total hours worked and employment have been:

a. acyclical. c. procyclical.

b. countercyclical. d. exogenous.

48. The measure of labor productivity used in the popular media is:

a. Y/L c. procyclical.

b. average product of labor. d. all of the above.

49. In the model with an upward sloping supply curve of labor and increase demand for labor due to a positive technological, A, change:

a. increases employment and the real wage. c. decreases employment and the real wage.

b. decreases employment and increases the real wage. d. decreases employment and increases the real wage.

50. When the labor supply of households is allowed to slope upward:

a. the model predictions match the observed data that employment and real wages are countercyclical. c. the model predictions do not match the observed data that employment and real wages are procyclical.

b. the model predictions do not match the observed data that employment and real wages are countercyclical. d. the model predictions match the observed data that employment and real wages are procyclical.

51. The most important feature of U.S. real GDP in the post-World War II era most likely is

a. the overall upward trend. c. the large fluctuations relative to trend.

b. the high standard deviation from trend. d. the many recessions related to politics.

52. The equilibrium business cycle model, unlike the long-run Solow growth model, assumes that

a. changes in capital are important. c. the interest rate always rises.

b. changes in capital are insignificant. d. the cyclical growth in GDP is positive.

53. Suppose that the economy suffers a major natural disaster. The equilibrium business-cycle model predicts that the interest rate will be

a. unchanged. c. relatively low.

b. relatively high. d. greater than the return on capital.

54. Suppose that the economy suffers a major natural disaster. The equilibrium business-cycle model predicts that the real rental price of capital will be

a. unchanged. c. relatively low.

b. relatively high. d. greater than the return on capital.

55. According to the equilibrium business-cycle model, a major improvement in competitiveness in a nation’s economy will affect the real wage in which way?

a. The real wage will be unchanged. c. The real wage will be relatively low.

b. The real wage cannot be predicted. d. The real wage will be relatively high..

56. In the equilibrium business-cycle model, an improvement in the level of technology causes

a. an economic expansion. c. a trend level of GDP.

b. a recession. d. an economic shock.

57. In the equilibrium business-cycle model, an economic expansion typically starts with

a. an improvement in the level of technology. c. a decline in the level of technology

b. an increase in the stock of capital. d. a decrease in the stock of capital.

58. In the equilibrium business-cycle model, a recession typically starts with

a. an improvement in the level of technology. c. a decline in the level of technology

b. an increase in the stock of capital. d. a decrease in the stock of capital.

59. In the equilibrium business-cycle model, a recession would be characterized by

a. a relatively low real wage and relatively high real rental price of capital. c. a relatively high real wage and relatively low real rental price of capital.

b. a relatively low real wage and real rental price of capital. d. a relatively high real wage and real rental price of capital.

60. In the equilibrium business-cycle model, a recession would be characterized by

a. a relatively low interest rate and relatively high real rental price of capital. c. a relatively high interest rate and relatively low real rental price of capital.

b. a relatively high real wage and real rental price of capital. d. a relatively low interest rate and real rental price of capital.

61. In the equilibrium business-cycle model, an economic expansion would be characterized by

a. a relatively low real wage and relatively high real rental price of capital. c. a relatively high real wage and real rental price of capital.

b. a relatively low real wage and real rental price of capital. d. a relatively high real wage and relatively low real rental price of capital.

62. Which of the following variables is procyclical, according to the equilibrium business-cycle model?

a. the real wage rate c. the real rental rate on capital

b. the real interest rate d. all of the above

63. Which of the following variables is countercyclical, according to the equilibrium business-cycle model?

a. the real wage rate c. the real rental rate on capital

b. the real interest rate d. none of the above

64. The equilibrium real-business cycle model predicts that labor productivity will be

a. procyclical. c. acyclical.

b. countercyclical. d. indeterminate.

65. The measure known as total hours worked

a. multiplies employment by 40. c. divides employment by 24.

b. divides employment by the average wage rate. d. multiplies employment by the average weekly hours worked per employee.

SHORT ANSWER

1. If there is a positive technological change, what happens in the labor market?

2. What does the model predict about investment when technology increases and why and what do the data show about investment in the US?

3. What happens to consumption when there is a permanent and temporary increase in technology, A, and why?

4. What is the relationship between real GDP and the cyclical part of GDP?

5. What happens in the model, if a temporary technology change increase real wages temporarily?

6. What does the real business-cycle model predict will be the relationship between an economic expansion and the real rental price of capital?

Chapter 9

TRUE/FALSE

1. When the capital utilization rate, , is added to the model the interest rate becomes countercyclical.

The higher the capital utilization rate, , the greater the depreciation rate of capital, .

3. An increase in unemployment insurance payments decreases effective real income while unemployed.

4. The duration of unemployment is the number unemployed divided by the labor force.

5. Unemployment will exist in an market clearing model, if it takes some search time for workers to find jobs.

6. An increase in the technology level leads to an outward shift of the demand curve for capital services.

7. An increase in the technology level leads to an increase in the market-clearing real rental price of capital.

8. When a variable capital utilization rate is added to the Barro model, the model predicts that the capital utilization rate will be countercyclical.

9. GDP can rise when a decrease in technology leads to an increase in the capital utilization rate.

10. The natural rate of unemployment in an economy occurs when the job separation rate equals zero.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The capital utilization rate is:

a. the rate capital wears out in a particular period. c. the percentage of capital used in production.

b. the depreciation rate. d. all of the above.

2. When the capital utilization rate, , increases then:

a. GDP increases. c. (hours per period)•(number of machines) increases.

b. machines are in use more hours per period. d. all of the above.

3. When the capital utilization rate, , increases then:

a. GDP decreases. c. (hours per period)•(number of machines) increases.

b. machines are in use fewer hours per period. d. all of the above.

4. When the capital utilization rate, , increases then:

a. GDP decreases. c. (hours per period)•(number of machines) decreases.

b. machines are in use more hours per period. d. all of the above.

5. When the capital utilization rate, , increases then:

a. GDP increases. c. (hour per period)•(number of machines) decreases.

b. machines are in use fewer hours per period. d. all of the above.

6. When we allow a capital utilization rate, , less than 100%, then the rate of return form owning capital becomes:

a. (R/P) - . c. (R/P)• - .

b. (R/P)• - ( ). d. (R/P) - ( ).

7. An owner of capital might set their capital utilization rate below 100% because:

a. the depreciation rate goes up with the capital utilization rate. c. to make time available for maintaining their capital.

b. machines wear out faster when used more intensively. d. all of the above.

8. The optimal capital utilization rate, , is that where:

a. (R/P)• - ( ) is maximized. c. (R/P)• > ( )

b. (R/P)• = ( ) d. (R/P)• < ( )

9. the net real income from supplying capital services is:

a. (R/P)• K - ( )K. c. ( )K - (R/P)•

b. (R/P)• K + ( ). d. (R/P)• K • ( )K

10. Higher capital utilization rates may raise the user costs of capital because higher utilization rates may imply:

a. operating at inconvenient times. c. operating when complementary services like transporters are unavailable or more expensive.

b. paying overtime to employees operating the machines. d. all of the above.

11. Higher capital utilization rates may raise user costs of capital because higher utilization rates may imply:

a. operating at inconvenient times. c. less highway congestion.

b. off-peak utility prices. d. all of the above.

12. Higher capital utilization rates may raise user costs of capital because higher utilization rates may imply:

a. less highway congestion. c. operating when complementary services like transportation are unavailable or more expensive.

b. off peak utility prices. d. all of the above.

13. Higher capital utilization rates may raise user costs of capital because higher utilization rates may imply:

a. less highway congestion. c. off peak utility prices.

b. paying overtime to employees operating the machines. d. all of the above.

14. GDP rises can rise in an expansion due to:

a. an increase in technology, A, directly increasing GDP. c. an increase in technology, A, causing an increase in the capital utilization rate, the quantity of capital services and GDP.

b. an increase in technology, A, causing an increase in labor, L and GDP. d. all of the above.

15. The model predicts the capital utilization rate, , is:

a. acyclical. c. countercyclical.

b. procyclical. d. exogenous.

16. The model predicts that with a negative shock to technology, the capital utilization rate, , will:

a. rise as GDP rises. c. rise as GDP falls.

b. fall as GDP falls. d. fall as GDP rises.

17. After the capital utilization rate, , is included in the model, the interest rate:

a. is still procyclical. c. becomes procyclical.

b. is still countercyclical. d. becomes countercyclical.

18. The US data from 1948 to 2006 shows the capital utilization rate, , is:

a. procyclical as the model predicts. c. procyclical the opposite the model predicts.

b. countercyclical as the model predicts. d. countercyclical the opposite as the model predicts.

19. The model predicts that with a positive shock to technology the capital utilization rate, , will

a. fall as GDP falls. c. rise as GDP rises.

b. fall as GDP rises. d. rise as GDP falls.

20. If the rental price of capital increases, then the capital utilization rate, ,:

a. also increases. c. remains the same.

b. decreases. d. depends on whether the substitution rate is greater than the income effect.

21. The unemployment rate is:

a. the number of workers in the labor force unemployed divided by the number of workers employed. c. the number of workers in the labor force unemployed divided by the labor force.

b. the number of workers employed divide by the number of workers in the labor force unemployed. d. the labor force divided by the number of workers in the labor force unemployed.

22. The vacancy rate in the labor market is:

a. the number of job openings divided by the number of unemployed people in the labor force. c. the ratio of open jobs to filled jobs.

b. the number of job openings divided by the number of workers in the labor force. d. the ratio of open jobs to the total number of jobs that employers want occupied.

23. If the labor force is 100 million, there are 95 million people employed, there are 98 million jobs that employers want occupied, then the number of unemployed workers in the labor force is:

a. 5 million. c. 2 million.

b. 3 million. d. none of the above.

24. If the labor force is 100 million, there are 95 million people employed, there are 98 million jobs that employers want occupied, then the number of vacancies is:

a. 5 million. c. 2 million.

b. 3 million. d. none of the above.

25. If the labor force is 100 million, there are 95 million people employed, there are 98 million jobs that employers want occupied, then the unemployment rate is:

a. 3%. c. 5.3%.

b. 5%. d. none of the above.

26. If the labor force is 100 million, there are 95 million people employed, there are 98 million jobs that employers want occupied, vacancy rate is:

a. 5%. c. 3.1%.

b. 3.2%. d. 3%.

27. If the labor force is 100 million, there are 94 million people employed, there are 99 million jobs that employers want occupied, then the vacancy rate is:

a. 5%. c. 5.3%

b. 5.1% d. 1%

28. One minus the unemployment rate, 1 - u, is:

a. the vacancy rate. c. the employment rate.

b. the labor force. d. the level of employment.

29. Unemployment can exist in a market clearing model, if:

a. there are frictions in the labor market. c. we allow for differences among workers and jobs.

b. it takes some search time for workers to find jobs. d. all of the above.

30. Unemployment can exist in a market clearing model, if:

a. the labor market is in disequilibrium. c. we allow for differences among workers and jobs.

b. we allow capital utilization of less than 100%. d. all of the above.

31. Unemployment can exist in a market clearing model, if:

a. there are frictions in the labor market. c. the labor market is in equilibrium.

b. the labor supply curve is upward sloping. d. all of the above.

32. Unemployment can exist in a market clearing model, if:

a. all workers are identical. c. the labor supply curve is upward sloping.

b. it takes some search time for workers to find jobs. d. all of the above.

33. A worker will accept a job offer, if the real wage offer is above:

a. the worker’s effective real income when unemployed, . c. the worker’s reservation wage.

b. the wage the worker earned in their last job. d. the average wage in the economy.

34. An increase in a worker’s effective real income while unemployed, , will cause the worker’s:

a. real wage offers to increase. c. real reservation wage to increase.

b. real wage offers to decrease. d. real reservation wage to decrease.

35. We expect that an increase in the effective real income while unemployed ,

a. will reduce the job-finding rate. c. increase real wage offers.

b. will increase the job-finding rate. d. decrease real wage offers.

36. A decrease in workers’ effective real incomes while unemployed, , will:

a. lower the job finding rate and raise the expected duration of unemployment. c. raise the job finding rate and lower the expected duration of unemployment.

b. lower the job finding rate and the expected duration of unemployment. d. raise the job finding rate and the expected duration of unemployment.

37. A negative shock to productivity, A, will:

a. lower the job finding rate and raise the expected duration of unemployment. c. raise the job finding rate and lower the expected duration of unemployment.

b. lower the job finding rate and the expected duration of unemployment. d. raise the job finding rate and the expected duration of unemployment.

38. Job separations can be due to:

a. an adverse shock to the firm’s production function. c. a change in a worker’s circumstances such as changing locations.

b. the job being temporary from the start like a seasonal job. d. all of the above.

39. Job separations can be due to:

a. a positive shock to the firm’s production function. c. a change in a worker’s circumstances such as changing locations.

b. an increase in technology. d. all of the above.

40. Job separations can be caused by:

a. an adverse shock to the firm’s production function. c. increased technology, A.

b. foreign competition. d. all of the above.

41. In the Barro model, the natural rate of unemployment is the unemployment rate:

a. where job findings equal job separations. c. the job separation rate equals the job finding rate.

b. job findings are maximized. d. job separations are minimized.

42. If the job separation rate is 0.02 and the job finding rate is 0.3, then the natural rate of unemployment is:

a. 6.25% c. 6.67%

b. 15% d. none of the above.

43. If the job separation rate is 0.03 and the job finding rate is 0.7, then the natural rate of unemployment is:

a. 4.2% c. 23.3%

b. 4.1% d. none of the above.

44. In the Barro model, the natural rate of unemployment is:

a. positively related to that job separations rate. c. fixed.

b. zero. d. positively related to the job finding rate.

45. In the Barro model, the natural rate of unemployment is:

a. negatively related to that job separations rate. c. fixed.

b. zero. d. negatively related to the job finding rate.

46. In US data vacancies from 1954 to 2006 as measure by the help-wanted index are:

a. procyclical as the model predicts. c. procyclical the opposite the model predicts.

b. countercyclical as the model predicts. d. countercyclical the opposite the model predicts.

47. Discouraged workers are:

a. those that are unemployed. c. those who have dropped out of the labor force.

b. those that are underemployed. d. those who are under paid.

48. The job-finding rate is:

a. the number of hires per month divided by the number unemployed. c. the number of hires per month divided by the unemployment rate.

b. the number of hires per month divided by the number employed. d. the number of hires per month divided by the employment rate.

49. The US data from December 2000 to February 2006 shows that the job finding rate is:

a. acyclical. c. procyclical.

b. countercyclical. d. exogenous.

50. The US data from December 2000 to February 2006 shows that the job separation rate is:

a. acyclical. c. procyclical.

b. countercyclical. d. exogenous.

51. Owners of capital choose the utilization rate to

a. maximize their net real income from supplying capital services. c. minimize their net real income from supplying capital services.

b. maximize their net real costs from supplying capital services. d. minimize their net real rental payments from supplying capital services.

52. When the Barro model allows for variable capital utilization rates, the result is that an increase in the technology level causes

a. a decrease in the capital utilization rate. c. a decrease in the quantity of capital services.

b. an increase in the capital utilization rate. d. no change in the quantity of capital services.

53. When the technology level increases,

a. the demand for capital services shifts to the left. c. the demand for capital services shifts to the right.

b. the supply of capital services shifts to the right. d. both (b) and (c).

54. When the technology level increases, the market for capital services

a. fails to clear. c. clears at the original real rental price.

b. clears at a lower real rental price. d. clears at a higher real rental price.

55. When the technology level increases, the market for capital services

a. clears at a higher quantity of capital services. c. clears at the original quantity of capital services.

b. clears at a lower quantity of capital services. d. fails to clear.

56. On a graph of the capital services market, the supply of capital services

a. slopes down because an increase in the real rental price raises the capital utilization rate. c. slopes up because an increase in the real rental price lowers the capital utilization rate.

b. slopes up because an increase in the real rental price raises the capital utilization rate. d. slopes down because an increase in the real rental price lowers the capital utilization rate.

57. On a graph of the capital services market, the demand for capital services shifts out when

a. the technology level decreases, which increases the marginal product of capital for any give amount of capital input. c. the technology level increases, which increases the marginal product of capital for any give amount of capital input.

b. the technology level decreases, which decreases the marginal product of capital for any give amount of capital input. d. the technology level increases, which decreases the marginal product of capital for any give amount of capital input.

58. U.S. data show that the labor force is

a. strongly countercyclical. c. strongly procyclical.

b. acyclical. d. weakly procyclical.

59. U.S. data show that the employment rate is

a. strongly procyclical. c. strongly countercyclical.

b. acyclical. d. weakly countercyclical.

60. An increase in unemployment insurance payments from the government will

a. increase a person’s effective real income while unemployed. c. have no effect on a person’s effective real income while unemployed.

b. decrease a person’s effective real income while unemployed. d. either (a) or (c).

61. An increase in unemployment insurance payments from the government will

a. decrease a person’s duration of unemployment. c. have no effect on a person’s duration of unemployment.

b. increase a person’s duration of unemployment. d. either (a) or (c).

62. An increase in unemployment insurance payments from the government will

a. increase the job finding rate. c. decrease the job-finding rate.

b. have no effect on the job-finding rate. d. either (a) or (b).

63. The job-separation rate is likely to be high among workers who are

a. inexperienced and difficult to evaluate. c. in industries where there are frequent shocks to product demand.

b. likely to experience changes in job preferences. d. all of the above.

64. At the natural rate of unemployment,

a. the job-separation rate is positive. c. the job-finding rate equals zero.

b. the job-separation rate equals zero. d. both (b) and (c).

65. At the natural rate of unemployment,

a. the job-separation and job-finding rates are each zero. c. tthe job-separation and job-finding rates are both negative.

b. the job-separation and job-finding rates are both positive. d. the job-separation rate is zero and the job-finding rate is positive.

SHORT ANSWER

1. How does the capital utilization enter the production function?

2. How does the capital utilization rate affect the depreciation rate and why?

3. How can there be unemployment in a market clearing model?

4. How does the Barro model define the natural rate of unemployment and what does the natural rate of unemployment depend on.

5. What is the reservation wage?

6. How does an increase in technology affect the market-clearing real rental price of capital services?

#ECO 302 Week 6 Quiz - Strayer

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