Common Wilderness Survival Shelter Mistakes
I used to be a wilderness survival instructor, so I thought I would make a list of all the mistakes I used to see.
Some of these are not technically mistakes, but instead skipped helpful additions, but I decided to include them as well.
1. It Is Built Too Tall
For some reason, people seem to think that they should be able to stand or sit inside all shelters. While this may be true for some, as a general rule, the more empty air in the shelter, the colder you will be. For a lean-to, have it no higher than the tallest person’s shoulder. For a A-Frame, have it no higher than your hip.
2. It Is The Wrong Shelter Type
A lean-to is great if you are in a group, but if you are alone and can’t get your fire lit, then it is not a good shelter for you in the winter. Instead, switch it for a A-frame or another shelter that will stay warm with your body-heat rather than depending on a fire.
3. It Has No Firewall
Some people in warmer climates don’t think a firewall really helps reflect heat, but once you get down to -30c, you will learn that they work.
A firewall is a wall you build on the opposite side of the fire from your shelter so that it reflects heat back towards you. As well as that, it will also help block wind.
4. It Is Too Wide
As a general rule, your shelter should be only just a tad bit longer than you are for the same reason as number 1. When selecting a spot, one technique is to lay on the ground where you want the shelter to be in order to see if it will fit properly.
5. No Lean-to Walls
Many survival teachers do not teach to build walls on the sides of a lean-to, but I always do. Not only will it help keep in heat and block wind, but the extra walls can make the sleeper feel more protected.
6. The Shingles Are Wrong
When people are adding branches to a shelter to act as shingles, many beginners start from the top and work their way down. If you do that, you risk directing the water into your shelter instead of away. Start from the bottom, then work your way up.
7. Moss For Bedding
I know there is nothing better than laying on a bed of moss, which is why there is a strong temptation to use it for bedding. The problem is that moss tends to release moisture at night, so you might wake up very wet and cold. As well as this, you do risk bringing insects into your shelter.
Instead, consider smoking the moss to dry it and remove insects. In the meantime, stick to other bedding.
8. Not Enough Shingling
A test that I learned is that if you go into your shelter and you can see any light leaking through the roof, you need to add more to it. If light can get in, than water can too and heat can escape.
9. Hole Shelters
With many situations(not counting snow or mound-shelters) digging your shelter into the ground could end up with you sleeping in a swimming pool. Soil holds onto moisture and leaks it out like a sponge, so even if your shelter is perfectly sealed up during a good rain, water can leak through the shelter inside. There are exceptions to this, but when in doubt, build your shelter above ground.
Once at survival-instructor camp, a group of men spent hours on digging out a firepit complete with dirt-chairs deep in the ground. It certainly looked nice when they went to bed, but they woke up to a rain-filled pool.
10. No Bedding
The ground is a heat-sapper. As Bear Grylls often says, “one layer below is worth two on top,” and he is very right. As well as helping to keep you warm, comfort is also important. You will need a good nights sleep in order to complete your tasks for the next day.
As a starter, you can just lay evergreen bows or something similar down as a bed.
11. No Trench
While you should build your shelter on a slight incline to direct water away from your shelter, trenches are also a commonly missed addition.
To prevent water from puddling into your shelter, dig a small trench around your shelter, and downhill away from it. Water will follow the easiest path, so this should keep you nice and dry.
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coach, with a thousand yard stare, striking the stones and getting the faintest, barely-visible sparks
coach, seeing somebody’s body on the table, finding natalie — natalie who he’d confided in, natalie who he trusted — telling her she’s not like the others, that they could survive the winter (but not the rest)
coach, stealing the hatchet, stealing kindling, stealing matches, watching them swear fealty to natalie, glowing in the firelight
the cabin, burning from the inside out
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Camp Site Selection | Wilderness Survival Tips
Where you put your shelter is just as important as having one. Most people new to camping and survival tend to think choosing a site to set up camp is as simple as throwing down a tent. In reality, however, there are some things you should look for before building a shelter.
Water. Have it within close walking distance to a water source, but far enough away to avoid direct contact with animals and insects. Animals will come to drink throughout the day and night so you will want to be far enough away that they can choose to avoid you, but close enough that you do not burn many calories to go and collect more.
Wind. Look for a location with a natural wind-break. This could be a fallen tree, a live treeline, or something else. Alternatively, look for a location where you could build your own wind-break if one is not naturally available.
Sun. For extra warmth, the entrance to your shelter should face towards the rising sun. This is an old trick that many campers enjoy.
Wildlife. Avoid locations with animal trails passing through. Animals can be creatures of habit so they will want to follow the same paths they always do. Choosing somewhere else can limit the number of unwanted visitors passing through your camp.
Check the location for biters like ants or wasps. Avoid building near swampy areas.
Drainage. Do not put your shelter at the bottom of a hill. Do have it somewhere slightly sloped to allow for drainage. Never put your shelter in a gully even if it appears to be dried out.
Fire. The fire should be placed directly in front of your shelter, so make sure there is room for it.
Materials. To conserve calories, your shelter should be close to building materials as well as fuel for your fire.
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