“Images of the way they were together were stamp’d on his brain like silver nitrate blooming against chalk tablets. Etched in shadow, frozen in aching memory.”
Confessions of the Fox
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Какой обман - вся наша жизнь земная.
Так раньше думал я - теперь я это знаю.
(Надпись на могильном камне)
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"Shadow owes its birth to light."
John Gay, poet and dramatist (30th June 1685-1732)
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What was the first musical...?
...is sort of a redundant question. Theatre has been musical for as long as there has been theatre. The earliest musical that we would recognise as fitting the modern genre? Some say Show Boat; some go further back to the Black Crook - but the earliest play normally posited is John Gay's The Beggar's Opera (1727).
Don't let the title fool you - it's not an opera so much as it is a parody of opera. It's closer to a jukebox musical - all the songs are well known tunes parodied. Some opera, mainly Handel within that, but also a lot of popular song - near the end you get Greensleeves. But this isn't jukebox in the modern sense - the lyrics are changed to apply to the play, and often to take aim at government figures, in this case the corruption of the government of Prime Minister Walpole.
Ballad opera, as the style came to be known, was phenomenally popular and also controversial. Polly, the sequel to the Beggar's Opera, was censored and so never staged, though scripts were pirated and sold. The same is true of many other ballad operas, more highly censored than other stage works because their popularity with the masses was so dangerous. By the end of the 1730s, censorship had all but killed the genre - but not without a prolific decade of government criticism. The use of popular songs was particularly useful, because the use of well known songs could reference certain scandals or politics without ever actually lyrically mentioning them, making them very tricky to clamp down on.
(I specialised in this in university so if anyone wants to read more about this absolutely let me know.)
The Beggar's Opera is now best known in the form of the Threepenny Opera, into which it was adapted by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill - with new music. The most famous song from which is none other than Mack the Knife! So the show still, in its way, resonates in popular culture today.
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FIRST PLAYER. Musick might take and civilize wild beasts, but 'tis evident it never yet could tame and civilize musicians.
John Gay, Polly
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'Follow love and it will flee, flee love and it will follow thee.' 💞- John Gay
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John Gays The Beggar’s Opera, das wissen wir, ist die Vorlage für Die Dreigroschenoper. Die Geschichte des ansehnlichen, aber unmoralischen Highwayman Macheath und seinem Verrat durch die allzuvielen Frauenzimmer, mit denen er sich vergnügt, sowie jedermann sonst, erfreut sich größter Beliebtheit, verfolgt eine wesentlich konsequentere “Ohne Habgier bringt man es zu nichts”-Haltung als die brechtsche Variante und kommt komplett ohne Sympathieträger aus. Der eigentlich wenig mit Barockopern assoziierte Roger Daltrey der in dieser sparsamen, aber ambitionierten BBC-Fassung (mit überraschendem Ende!) den Macheath gibt, spielte dann in Mack the Knife, der schwungvollen Dreigroschen-Verfilmung den Bänkelsänger. Er scheint den Stoff auch zu mögen.
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The arrival of the 'masculine' jacket on women's riding habits upset commentators John Gay and Joseph Addison, who said it was blending the sexes, which should be kept completely separate.
"Normal Women: 900 Years of Making History" - Philippa Gregory
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Language of Flowers: Rudbeckia
In the language of flowers, the flower for today, October 11, is Rudbeckia, which symbolizes justice.
Image above from Wikipedia.
The genus name for all Black-Eyed Susans is Rudbeckia. It’s for the Rudbecks, a very famous Swedish father and son both named Olof.
Image above from Wikipedia.
Olof the Younger (1660-1740) continued many of his father’s studies, and also became famous in his time…
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Chris Steele and Jason Hawke
Deep South: The Big and the Easy, Part 2 (2002)
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