#Muslim Cham

[hotnesia]

Tradisi Unik Muslim Cham: Mengapa Mereka Tak Shalat & Puasa di Bulan Ramadan?

Di tengah mayoritas Muslim dunia yang menunaikan ibadah puasa dan shalat lima waktu di bulan Ramadan, terdapat komunitas Muslim Cham di Vietnam dan Kamboja yang memiliki tradisi berbeda. Bagi mereka, Ramadan bukan tentang menahan lapar dan haus, serta mendirikan shalat lima waktu. Komunitas Muslim Cham, yang diperkirakan berjumlah sekitar 200.000 jiwa di Vietnam dan 70.000 jiwa di Kamboja,…

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#Muslim Cham #Sejarah Islam di Asia Tenggara #Tradisi Hindu #Tradisi Unik Muslim Cham

[arbenia]

A Qur’an that originally belonged to an Albanian woman from Çamëria, who survived the genocide. It was passed down to her daughter and then her grandchild. 

#albanian #albania #çamëria #balkan #islam #ethnic cleansing #balkans #çamët #cham #çam #quran #muslim

[thechamartist]

Title: “The Ice-Breaker” Night Market Series pt. 1 By NH

Summer is over, and so is the night market season. I had so much fun buying delicious foods and helping out my cousins at the back of their booth. This is a little comic inspired by the ridiculous job of chopping big chunks of ice, so they could be used in bubble tea drinks.

#nightmarket #muslimart #chamartist #night #food #bubbletea #comics #illustration #cuteart #muslimartist #boba #art #milktea #cham #drawing #illustrationart #muslim #artwork #digitalart #sketch #cute #draw #artist #artists on tumblr #original art

[old-school-butch]

go fuck yourself, you genocide-denying pig. i hope you never have to find the children of your community blown into pieces, but that you live everyday with the knowledge you supported the genocidal government that did this to others.

I'd like to take a moment to discuss the words you're using and what they actually mean.

genocide, the deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race.

It can usually be objectively verified through population data. A concerted effort at genocide causes a total population loss on a global or regional scale.

For example, here's a graph of the global Jewish population since 1900.

Notice that big dip in population after 1939? That was a Jewish genocide in Europe.

The Tutsi genocide in Rwanda resulted in the deaths of 77% of the Tutsi population with 700,000 people killed in just 100 days. Look at the graph of the total Rwandan population to spot when this happened.

The Khmer Rouge killed 70% of it's Cham Muslim population in 5 years, along with many other minorities and political opponents. See the dip in the total population between 1974 and 1979?

Now here's Palestine's population. It looks remarkably healthy for people being genocided, in fact it doubles every 25 years. Life expectancy for a Palestinian is 74.62 years. The adult obesity rate is 18%.

On October 7th Hamas killed 1400 Israelis in a single day - pretty heavy losses for a nation of 7 million, especially considering there was a ceasefire in effect.

Let's take Hamas' casualty count at face value of 12,000 deaths over 6 weeks - that's about 285 deaths per day. That means the IDF at war kills people at 1/5 the rate than Hamas does during a ceasefire.

These statistics represent real people, and it's important to remember that and understand the impact of war on human suffering. But it's disinformation to call this genocide, and does nothing to help bring peace.

[daughterofruins]

Do my moots know I'm Muslim? And if so, does it make a difference?

@tumhari-bhairavi @chanda-chamke-cham-cham @sanskari-kanya @alhad-si-simran @om-is-ok @trashmeowcan @misssclumsy @eternalephemereal @mainapnifavouritehoon @oh-munda-kukkad-kamaal-da @sarphiri-sirimiri @ANYONE I'VE FORGOTTEN THIS HAS BEEN BUGGING ME FOR A REALLY LONG TIME

[alatismeni-theitsa]

hi! i wanted to ask if you know more about the cham genocide done by greeks during 1944-1945? i’m greek myself and i tried to look into it but everything i found was blurry and didn’t seem trustworthy. the few albanian sources i came across to said that it was a genocide against the muslim minority living in epirus. some greek sources said that the cham albanians were allies of fascist italy and nazi germany. if you have any knowledge on that matter i’d be really grateful if you’d share it with us! or if you have any reliable sources i’d be happy to read them! thank you.

Υ.Γ. ζήτω συγγνώμη αν αυτή η ερώτηση είναι λίγο περίεργη. αν δεν έχεις χρόνο ή όρεξη δεν χρειάζεται να μπεις στον κόπο να απαντήσεις αυτό το ask! όπως και να έχει, σε ευχαριστώ!

Hello! I don't know much about this part of history but, since I don't have access to the Albanian sources, the Greek sources I saw indeed say that the Cham (Τσάμιδες in Greek, people residing in Chamouria) were allies of fascist Italy and nazi Germany. I am not an expert on this and it's difficult to find 100% reliable sources, so, while I am trying to stick to the facts, I can be wrong in some details.

So, some of the Cham fought on the nazi/fascist side against the Greeks, and the Greek state after freedom from the nazis, judged nearly 2.000 Cham guilty. (In court, for specific crimes.) A few hundred got the death penalty.

Με την υπ’ αριθμ. 344/23-5-1945 απόφασή του, το Δικαστήριο καταδίκασε ερήμην 1.930 Τσάμηδες, πολλούς από τους οποίους με τη θανατική ποινή, ως εγκληματίες πολέμου και συνεργάτες των κατακτητών.

15.000-17.000 Muslim Cham left Greece for Albania after the attack of the Greek force ΕΔΕΣ, and the Cham victims were estimated to be 1.200-2.000. My guess is that the Cham experienced violence and bigotry by the Greeks, as a result of the stigma of the Cham who sided with the Nazis. I can't know if most Cham supported the Nazis, but I don't think that's the case. A group of Cham was guilty but the rest of the population merely carried the stigma of these criminals. (source)

(Let's note that there were also more than 2000 Greeks in the country supporting the Nazis because it was to their benefit. Shitty people exist everywhere. And the Greek nazi supporters were also considered traitors after the war.)

The fact that many Cham were Muslim also played a part, since Greeks have a history of oppression and slavery from Muslims. Therefore the Greek society gets more suspicious of Muslims and, in our newer history, it seeks to drive them off the country or isolate them within the borders.

For the record, it's not clear to me if only the Muslim Cham population fled the country or Christians, too. Some Cham were Muslim, other Christians, other Albanian-oriented, other Greek-oriented, and all the possible combinations of these identities. So, Christian Cham of Greek background could also have been victims, for the reason written below:

The Albanian-speaking, Orthodox population did not share the national ideas of their Muslim neighbors (my comment: the "expansion of Albanian nationalistic activities", as the previous paragraph mentions) and remained Greek-oriented, identifying themselves as Greeks.14 Consequently, following the annexation of the area by Greece they identified themselves with the Greek state and, concomitantly, with the Greek nation. But the fact that this Christian population was in close contact with Muslims, spoke the same language and was in geographical proximity to Albania proper was a source of constant anxiety for the Greek state. (source)

From the sources I read, I understand that a great injustice was carried out against the Cham community by the/- other Greeks, as the whole Cham population was deemed guilty of the crimes of a Cham minority. Most of them lost their homes and property due to the traitor stigma, while the guilty were 2.000, judged by the Greek state.

The dead from the sentences would be a few hundred, and we already mentioned that 2.000 at most were killed by ΕΔΕΣ. Let's bring the death count to 3.000 to cover the worst-case scenario. With that number, the term "genocide", technically, doesn't apply to the ww2 period. Germans were executing that many Greeks regularly, but we call these acts "massacres" (σφαγές), not "genocides". Genocide is far larger and its meaning is cheapened when the word is ill-used. Albanians should inform people about the tragic event but, for the sake of larger crimes out there (with one million victims and more), I'd say the word "genocide" should be avoided here.

No one should deny, though, that the act of ΕΔΕΣ was one of violence, resulting in the erasure of a local subculture. There was already discrimination from 1913 against the Muslim Cham, and while certain Greek laws supported their rights, there were restrictions and unsafety for the Cham, as the Greek state adopted affirmative action against the centuries of Muslim privileges.

Affirmative action or not, for me nothing justifies that scale of violence and the total loss of land and fortune from Cham who were innocent in ww2. The Cham minority rightfully seeks justice and I think the matter should be brought up more often among Greeks, so we can learn about the dark spots of our history and not repeat them again.

I think you can find the whole history of the Cham in this source with more detail!

#cham #ww2 #answered #cham slaughter #I might have missed some stuff so if you want to add anything feel free to

[badriano11]

Ugly History: Cambodian Genocide

From 1975 to 1979, the Communist Party of Kampuchea ruled Cambodia with an iron fist, perpetrating genocide that killed one fourth of the country’s population. Roughly 1 million Cambodians were executed as suspected political enemies or due to their ethnicities. The regime targeted Muslim Cham, Vietnamese, Chinese, Thai, and Laotian individuals. Outside these executions, one million more Cambodians died of starvation, disease, or exhaustion from overwork.

This genocidal regime rose to power amidst decades of political turmoil. Following World War II, Cambodia’s monarch, Prince Norodom Sihanouk, successfully negotiated the country’s independence after roughly 90 years of French colonial rule. But Sihanouk’s strict policies provoked friction with many citizens. Especially militant communist rebels, who had long opposed the French and now turned their attention to overthrowing the prince. This unstable situation was further complicated by a war raging outside Cambodia’s borders. In Vietnam, millions of American troops were supporting the non-communist south against the communist north. While the US petitioned for Cambodia’s support, Prince Sihanouk tried to stay neutral. But in 1970, he was overthrown by his prime minister who allowed American troops to bomb regions of Cambodia in their efforts to target North Vietnamese fighters. These attacks killed thousands of Cambodian civilians. To regain power after being overthrown, the prince allied with his political enemies. The Communist Party of Kampuchea, also known as the Khmer Rouge, was led by Cambodians who dreamed of making their nation a classless society of rice farmers. They opposed capitalist Western imperialism and sought to lead the country to self-sufficiency. But to the public, they mostly represented a force fighting the pro-American government. Angered by destructive American bombing and encouraged by the prince’s call to arms, many Cambodians joined the Khmer Rouge. Eventually, a full blown civil war erupted. Over five years of fighting, more than half a million Cambodians died in this brutal conflict. But the violence didn’t end when the rebels conquered Phnom Penh in April 1975. Upon taking the capital, the Khmer Rouge executed anyone associated with the previous government. Prince Sihanouk remained stripped of power and was put under house arrest, and the Khmer Rouge began evacuating city residents to the countryside. Those who couldn't make the trip by foot were abandoned, separating countless families. In this new regime, every citizen was stripped of their belongings and given the same clothes and haircut. Private property, money, and religion were outlawed. The new agricultural workforce was expected to produce impossible amounts of rice, and local leaders would be killed if they couldn’t fulfill quotas. Many prioritized their orders to the capital above feeding workers. Underfed, overworked, and suffering from malaria and malnutrition, thousands perished. The Khmer Rouge members enforcing the system were no safer. When their plan failed to produce rice at the expected rates, Khmer Rouge leadership became paranoid. They believed that internal enemies were trying to sabotage the revolution, and they began arresting and executing anyone perceived as a threat. This brutality continued for almost four years. Finally, in 1979, Vietnamese troops working alongside defected Khmer Rouge members took control of the country. This political upheaval triggered yet another civil war that wouldn’t end until the 1990s. In the years that followed, there was no easy path to justice for victims and their families. A hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal was established in 2003, but it only tried Khmer Rouge in the topmost leadership positions. Lower level Khmer Rouge members appeared in court as well, but they weren't placed on trial. Instead, they gave testimony and offered insight into the cruel system that had enabled their superiors’ crimes. Some of these perpetrators were even legally acknowledged as victims, because they constantly feared for their lives and committed violence as a means of self-preservation. This perception of low level Khmer Rouge members as victims rather than perpetrators extended beyond the courtroom. Like other Cambodians, most Khmer Rouge members lost family, suffered hunger, were stripped of their homes and belongings, and were overworked to exhaustion. And the paranoia amongst Khmer Rouge leadership had led to a higher rate of execution for Khmer Rouge members than the ethnic majority population. As a result, many Cambodians today don't just see the genocide as one committed against ethnic minority groups, but also as a broad campaign of violence impacting the entire population. As of 2021, only three people have received prison sentences. Many victims would like the tribunal to pursue further trials of Khmer Rouge leaders. However, a 2018 national survey revealed that most victims feel the tribunal has contributed to justice. In the wake of such tragedy, it’s tempting to paint conflicts in simplistic terms— casting one group as oppressor and the other as oppressed. But many Cambodians live with a more complex reality. Everyone suffered, even those who contributed to the suffering of others. This perception doesn’t excuse any acts of violence. But how a society remembers traumatic events plays a part in who is seen as victim, who is seen as perpetrator, and how a shattered society can build a path into the future.

#history #cambodia

[birkabrams14]

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#Top Long An AZ #Long An

[fmp2lh-f]

Islam

Islam, with its roots in the 7th century, has grown into one of the world's major religions, boasting a vast and diverse global presence. From its origins in the Arabian Peninsula, Islam has spread across continents, influencing cultures, shaping societies, and leaving an indelible mark on human history. Egypt, with its historical significance and deep-rooted Islamic heritage, stands as a testament to the enduring impact of Islam.

Egypt, often referred to as a cradle of civilization, has been a center for Islamic scholarship and cultural richness. The architectural marvels of Cairo's mosques and the ancient allure of Alexandria highlight the historical and artistic contributions of Islam. Institutions like Al-Azhar University, founded in the 10th century, have played a pivotal role in disseminating Islamic knowledge and fostering intellectual advancements within the Muslim world.

In Vietnam, a country known for its religious diversity, Islam exists as a minority religion, mainly practiced by the Cham people. The Cham, an ethnic minority, have maintained their Islamic traditions for centuries. Mosques in regions with Cham communities stand as cultural and religious landmarks, preserving the historical ties between the Cham people and Islamic culture. This religious diversity adds to Vietnam's multicultural landscape, showcasing the country's openness to embracing different faiths and traditions.

While Islam may not be the predominant religion in Vietnam, its presence contributes to the country's rich tapestry of cultures and beliefs. In both Egypt and Vietnam, Islam's influence extends beyond religious practices, permeating various aspects of life, from architecture and education to social and cultural expressions. As a global force, Islam continues to bridge diverse communities, fostering an appreciation for cultural exchange and mutual understanding across continents.

[notyourtypicalmuslims-blog]

Layla & Sabreen, 23 & 20, Oromo & Cham

#Muslim #Muslims #Muslimahs #Cham #Oromo #hijabi streetwear #hijabi #hijabis #modest fashion #modesty #islam #portrairtphotography #portrait photography #portrait #muslim portraits #hijab #notyourtypicalmuslims #East African #southeastasian

[christlivesinme-sanctified]

Praying for Western Cham in Cambodia 🇰🇭 @unreached_peoples . . . #unreachedpeoplegroups #unreached #salvation #Jesussaves #prayer #pray #intercession #raptureready #jesusiscoming #christianlife #bodyofchrist #hopeforthenations #narrow #cham #Cambodia #Islam #Muslim https://www.instagram.com/p/CbiWOItp6-c/?utm_medium=tumblr

#unreachedpeoplegroups #unreached #salvation #jesussaves #prayer #pray #intercession #raptureready #jesusiscoming #christianlife #bodyofchrist #hopeforthenations #narrow #cham #cambodia #islam #muslim

[nevermoonday]

So I wanted to make this post, just one last thing, as both an american, a poc and someone whose dating a poc!  You can headcanon characters all you want, especially when it comes to race, because heres something a lot of fans don’t think about, hetalia characters com from places that are now mixed or always have been! America is called the melting pot country, america has people from all over the world in it, and i know a lot of people see it as white, but that’s so unfair to the people who live here who arent! Especially if you tell others they cant headcanon this? Same with Canada Australia and New Zealand have aboriginal people still living there, how unfair would it be to say they cant be black, or mixed, and they cant represent at least a part of that culture! The Iberian peninsula ( Spain and Portugal), Italy, and other parts of the Mediterranean had Muslims from North West African influence from people.   A lot of Asian nations arent made up of one group of people, a good number of Chinese people are ethnically other things, japan had a native Japanese population before the group we know as Japanese today came over, there were kingdoms in ancient asia that existed that now are just smaller groups of people in larger countries such as the Chams.  This isn’t even half of the cultural ties some of these countries could have. It wouldnt be crazy for a country to be mixed, and its not wrong, because a country is canonically said to represent the people, not their government.  Not only that is canon that countries take on influence from people who have been around them so much! It’s canon that countries around France a lot got his wavy hair, or those around England a lot got his eyebrows. Countries who stay with other countries when young, or even now, can sometimes pick up traits of others! you can headcanon whatever you want, that’s all that matters in the long run, if looking this far into history is to much, or you don’t wanna mess something up, that’s fine! Just be aware, these personifications of nations have a very rich backstory, and it wouldn’t be fair to erase the people who do live their because their personification to you is white. Know they exist, and they deserve to at least be acknowledged for existing, they don’t feel upset if you make a character black, latino, indigenous, jewish, muslim, arabic, etc etc etc, why because they exist in these places too, and as long as a headcanon isn’t hurting someone it’s fine. Some poc might disagree, because some people do have different levels of comfortability, but this honestly a overall thought process. As most of the people doing this are poc, or headcanoning as someone who thinks the countries are a bit more diverse than what were given for simplicity's sake.

#hetalia discourse #also hetalia postivity #hetalia #hetalia world series #hws #hws america #hws canada #hws spain #hws portugal #hws italy #hws japan #hws australia #hws new zealand #hws china #racebending discourse #king talks

[kemetic-dreams]

    Trying to make African people and culture evil

                               Early Jewish interpretations

The Torah assigns no racial characteristics or rankings to Ham. Moses married a Cushite, one of the reputed descendants of Ham, according to the Book of Numbers, Chapter 12. Despite this, a number of early Jewish writers have interpreted the Biblical narrative of Ham in a racial way. The Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 108b states, "Our Rabbis taught: Three copulated in the ark, and they were all punished—the dog, the raven, and Ham. The dog was doomed to be tied, the raven expectorates, and Ham was smitten in his skin" (Talmud Bavli, Sanhedrin 108b). The nature of Ham's "smitten" skin is unexplained, but later commentaries described this as a darkening of skin. 

A later note to the text states that the "smitten" skin referred to the blackness of descendants, and a later comment by rabbis in the Bereshit Rabbah asserts that Ham himself emerged from the ark black-skinned. The Zohar states that Ham's son Canaan "darkened the faces of mankind."

Some Biblical scholars see the "curse of Ham" story as an early Hebrew rationalization for Israel's conquest and enslavement of the Canaanites, who were presumed to descend from Canaan.

Many pre-modern Christian sources discussed the curse of Ham in connection with race and slavery:

For the Egyptians are prone to a degenerate life and quickly sink to every slavery of the vices. Look at the origin of the race and you will discover that their father Cham, who had laughed at his father’s nakedness, deserved a judgment of this kind, that his son Chanaan should be a servant to his brothers, in which case the condition of bondage would prove the wickedness of his conduct. Not without merit, therefore, does the discolored posterity imitate the ignobility of the race [Non ergo immerito ignobilitatem decolor posteritas imitatur] (Homilies on Genesis 16.1).

The Eastern Christian work, the Cave of Treasures (fourth century), explicitly connects slavery with dark-skinned people:

When Noah awoke…he cursed him and said: "Cursed be Ham and may he be slave to his brothers" … and he became a slave, he and his lineage, namely the Egyptians, the Abyssinians, and the Indians. Indeed, Ham lost all sense of shame and he became black and was called shameless all the days of his life, forever.

Ishodad of Merv (Syrian Christian bishop of Hedhatha, ninth century):

When Noah cursed Canaan, “instantly, by the force of the curse… his face and entire body became black [ukmotha]. This is the black color which has persisted in his descendents.”

Eutychius, Alexandrian Melkite patriarch (d. 940): “Cursed be Ham and may he be a servant to his brothers… He himself and his descendants, who are the Egyptians, the Negroes, the Ethiopians and (it is said) the Barbari.”

Ibn al-Tayyib (Arabic Christian scholar, Baghdad, d. 1043): “The curse of Noah affected the posterity of Canaan who were killed by Joshua son of Nun. At the moment of the curse, Canaan’s body became black and the blackness spread out among them.”

The Syrian Christian scholar Bar Hebraeus (1226-86) writes: “‘And Ham, the father of Canaan, saw the nakedness of his father and showed [it] to his two brothers.’ That is…that Canaan was cursed and not Ham, and with the very curse he became black and the blackness was transmitted to his descendents…. And he said, ‘Cursed be Canaan! A servant of servants shall he be to his brothers.’”

According to Catholic mystic Anne Catherine Emmerich, "I saw the curse pronounced by Noah upon Ham moving toward the latter like a black cloud and obscuring him. His skin lost its whiteness, he grew darker. His sin was the sin of sacrilege, the sin of one who would forcibly enter the Ark of the Covenant. I saw a most corrupt race descend from Ham and sink deeper and deeper in darkness. I see that the black, idolatrous, stupid nations are the descendants of Ham. Their color is due, not to the rays of the sun, but to the dark source whence those degraded races sprang."

Pre-modern European interpretations

In the Middle Ages, European scholars of the Bible picked up on the Jewish Talmud idea of viewing the "sons of Ham" or Hamites as cursed, possibly "blackened" by their sins. Though early arguments to this effect were sporadic, they became increasingly common during the slave trade of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.[6] The justification of slavery itself through the sins of Ham was well suited to the ideological interests of the elite; with the emergence of the slave trade, its racialized version justified the exploitation of a ready supply of African labour. This interpretation of Scripture was never adopted by the African Coptic Churches.

The curse of Ham in the Latter-day Saint Movement (Mormon)

The first recorded indication of Joseph Smith's adoption of the doctrine of the curse of Ham is found in a parenthetical reference as early as 1831.

After the death of Joseph Smith, Brigham Young, the church's second president, taught that people of African ancestry were under the curse of Ham. Young also taught that the day would come when the curse would be nullified through the saving powers of Jesus Christ.

In addition, based on his interpretation of the Book of Abraham, Young also believed that as a result of this curse, modern people of African descent were banned from receiving the Priesthood (although they were allowed to join the Church). Young believed the curse remained in people with even a single black ancestor.

However, every President of the Church from Joseph Smith Jr. to Spencer W. Kimball stated that the day would come when the Priesthood would be available to all men. In 1978, after much prayer and fasting on the matter, President Spencer W. Kimball of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints received a revelation which officially extended the Priesthood to all worthy males.

The curse of Ham in Black Hebrew Israelite and Nuwaubian teachings

The Nuwaubians, and certain Black Hebrew Israelite sects such as Yahweh Ben Yahweh, reversed the typical racial slant of the curse of Ham. In their teaching the curse was leprosy, which in its extreme form whitened the skins of the Canaanites.

Islamic interpretations

Prophets of Islam are generally considered by hadith to have kept Islamic law, even before Islam existed; the belief is that God's universal will guided them in the same way as Muhammad, and their habits simply were not accepted by others nor written down. As Islam discourages the consumption of alcohol, this means that the story could not have happened as described in the Torah, as Noah would never be drunk. Instead the story of Noah's nakedness is sometimes explained as the result of the wind blowing off his cloak. Nevertheless, the story of the curse is not part of Islamic scripture.

Early Islamic scholars debated whether or not there was a curse on Ham's descendants. Some accepted that there was, and some argued that it was visible in dark skin. According to David Goldenberg,

Just as in Jewish and Christian sources, so too in Islamic sources do we find that it was not Canaan who was cursed with slavery, but Ham instead of or in addition to Canaan. So, for example, Tabari (d. 923), quoting Ibn Isaq (d. 768), Masudi (tenth century) and Dimashqui (thirteenth century). Ham appears as the recipient of the curse so regularly that the only Arabic author Gerhard Rotter could find who specifically limits the curse to Canaan is Yaqubi (d. ca 900). In all others the descendants of Ham were enslaved.

Goldenberg argues that the "exegetical tie between Ham and servitude is commonly found in works composed in the Near East whether in Arabic by Muslims or in Syraic by Christians." He suggests that the compilation known as the Cave of Miracles (Abrégé des merveilles) may be the source. This text states that "Noah cursed Ham, praying to God that Ham's sons may be cursed and black and that they be subjected as slaves to those of Shem."

In the book, One Thousand and One Nights, there is an argument between black and white concubines about which color is better. The white concubine tells the story of the curse of Ham, saying that Ham was blackened because he ridiculed his father, but Shem was whitened because he refused to do so. The black concubine replies with the argument that whiteness is associated with death and leprosy.

#african #kemetic dreams #one thousand and one nights #arabs #curse of ham #ta meri #egyptianart #talmud #egyptian mythology #kemet #ham #hamitic #hamitic people #arabic #shem

[jamessebright]

Recent developments: some young Cham lads I met in their mosque in Battambang, Cambodia. Such welcoming fellows. Happy times. #Cambodian #Cambodia #battambang #portraitphotographer #people #person #portrait #Muslim #natgeotravel #naturallight #natgeo #travelogues #travelphotographer #travel #instatravel #travelblogger #travelgram #Cham #mosque #jamessebright #peopleandplaces #documentary #documentaryphotographer #documentaryphotography #fujixseries #fuji #fujifilm #xpro2 (at Battambang City_ក្រុងបាត់ដំបង)

#cham #fuji #portrait #mosque #instatravel #battambang #natgeo #travel #documentary #travelgram #person #muslim #peopleandplaces #naturallight #portraitphotographer #people #natgeotravel #fujixseries #fujifilm #travelblogger #jamessebright #documentaryphotographer #cambodia #travelogues #travelphotographer #xpro2 #cambodian #documentaryphotography

[city-of-ladies]

(An imaginative depiction of Florine of Burgundy by Gustave Doré. According to Albert of Aix, Florine was killed during the First crusade while trying to escape the enemy mounted on a mule. She isn’t said to have fought, unlike what is stated on Wikipedia and other websites.)

Crusading women 

Women formed an integral part of the crusading movement. Noblewomen traveled with their husbands, women went with the army and performed support functions. Some of them even took arms.

Mentions of fighting women start from the First crusade (1096-1099). During the Battle of Droylaeum in 1097, women risked their lives to bring water to the soldiers. William of Tyre reports that, during the siege of Jerusalem in 1099, “women, forgetful of their sex and unmindful of their inherent fragility, were presuming to take arms and fought manfully beyond their strength”. He wasn’t, however, an eyewitness and provides the only mention of these women. William of Tyre furthermore notes the presence of 6000 footmen of “both sexes” gathered in front of Nicaea. Dodequin, abbot of saint Disybode, gives a similar testimony, writing that among the people who left for the crusade in 1096 were armed women wearing male clothing. Some of them even brandished their own banners. 

The Austrian margravine Ida of Cham (c.1055-1101) also led troops in battle during the crusade of 1101. Ida, who was reportedly one of the most beautiful women of her time, joined the crusaders at the head of her vassals. According to the monk Ekkehard of Aura, who took part in the expedition and interrogated survivors of the battle, Ida fell during an enemy attack. 

Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine, provided troops for the Second crusade (1147-1149). Byzantine chronicler Michael Choniates, though not a first-hand observer, notes the presence of a troop of women armed with lances and axes in the army of Conrad III of Germany. They were allegedly led by a richly adorned woman nicknamed “goldfoot”.

The Third crusade (1189–1192) provides an interesting case due to the contrast between the Muslim and Christian reports. In Christian accounts, women play a mostly supportive role. A woman was, for instance, struck by a dart while working to fill in a ditch at Acre and asked for her body to be added to the fill. Other women were said to have performed this role. Others were also said to have slaughtered enemy prisoners. 

The Muslim accounts are somewhat different since they describe Christian women participating actively in the battle. Imad al-Din recorded for instance, that there were many female knights among the Christians, who were found out to be women only when stripped of their armor after their death. After an attack of the Christian army of Saladin’s camp on July 25 1190, Imad al-Din and Baha al-Din went together to examine the dead. Baha al-Din wrote: “I noticed the body of two women. Someone told me that he had seen four women engaged in the fight, of whom two were made prisoners”. Baha al-Din also notes the presence of women among the dead. They both mention a female archer among the Christian army at Acre in July 1191. The woman was said to have worn a green coat and killed a number of enemies. She nonetheless fell in battle and her bow was reportedly brought to Saladin who was greatly astonished. Ibn Al-Athîr reports that an anonymous woman distinguished herself during the siege of Bourzey castle in 1188, where she operated a mangonel and destroyed several enemy engines.

There is thus a stark contrast between the numerous Muslim testimonies and the silence of the Christian ones. The truth lies probably somewhere in between. The Muslim chroniclers highlight the presence of women to point out the unnaturalness of their foes while the Christians wanted first of all to enhance the virtue of the crusaders and regarded women’s presence as a threat to said virtue. Archeological discoveries nonetheless provide evidence of armored women. In 1982, the Joint Expedition to Caesarea Maritima unearthed the skeleton of a crusader wearing remnants of an armor comprised of bronze plates on a leather backing. The skeleton was afterward found to be the one of a woman and was thus dubbed the “Joan of Caesarea”.

A woman who found herself fighting in a desperate situation was sister Margaret of Beverley (c.1150- c.1215). Her story was recounted by her brother, the monk Thomas of Froidmont. In 1187, Margaret found herself on the walls of the besieged Jerusalem: “like a fierce virago, I tried to play the role of a man”. Wearing a breastplate and using a cauldron as a helmet, she went armed and brought water to the soldiers until she was hit by a flying stone. After the fall of the city, Margaret bought her freedom, but was ultimately captured and sold as slave until her freedom was finally bought by a Christian of Tyre.

Reports of the Fifth crusade (1217-1222), tell that during the siege of Damietta 1219, a woman gave the alert when the enemy tried to send troops and supplies to the city through the siege camp. The enemy soldiers were thus routed and killed. This woman was probably armed and on guard duty since everyone in the camp, including women and merchants, had to perform guard duty and had to carry weapons while doing so. An additional account tells that the fugitives were killed by the women of the camp.

Finally, it’s worth noting that French queen Margaret of Provence (1221-1295) assumed military command during the Seventh crusade (1248-1254) in 1250 after her husband was captured. Just after giving birth, she managed to prevent desertions and successfully negotiated her husband’s ransom. 

At the end of the 17th century, French traveler and writer Maximilien Misson traveled in Italy and visited a Genoese arsenal. He saw there 32 suits of armor that were said to have been made for some ladies of the city who wished to go on a crusade in 1301. Finding the story hard to believe, he researched the archives and found three letters from Pope Boniface VIII that confirmed the story. Some women were of high-ranking families, others came from lesser nobility. The pope encouraged them and praised their incentives, saying that they “strengthened their arms with male actions”. A whole female battalion was supposed to take part in the expedition. The crusade didn’t take place due to the lack of participants and the sets of armor were sold in 1815.

 Bibliography:

Cassagnes-Brouquet Sophie, Chevaleresses, une chevalerie au féminin

Eads Valerie, “Means, Motive, Opportunity: Medieval Women and the Recourse to Arms”

Faucherre Nicolas, Mesqui Jean, Prouteau Nicolas, “La fortification au temps des croisades”

Gay Louise, “Des commandements militaires féminins en guerre sainte: Marguerite de Provence et Sagar al-Durr lors de la septième croisade”

Hodgson Natasha S., Women, crusading and the holy land historical narrative

Nicholson Helen, “Women on the third crusade”

Rose Hager Katherine, Endowed with Manly Courage: Medieval Perceptions of Women in Combat

Sténuit Marie-Eve, Femmes en armes, les guerrières de l’histoire

#crusades #history #women in history #warrior women #middle ages #medieval history #11th century #12th century #13th century #Ida of Cham #genoese ladies #Joan of Caesarea #Margaret of Beverley #Margaret of provence #Eleanor of Aquitaine #war #women in war #women warriors #female soldiers

[randomnoteforfuturereference]

So I notice that when folks want to hc one of the SMH as Muslim, Nursey is often the popular choice. And indeed, a lot of fun fics and meta have some out of that.

But if you want to consider an alternative character to give a Muslim background and culturally headcanon, may I present Chowder or Lardo?

For Lardo, picture her having a Cham lineage with roots in southern Vietnam before the family fled during the 70s. They likely would have intermarried with a Hoa family, which explains “Duan“.

And for Chowder, his family could be Hui who immigrated to the US from China/Taiwan/SEA. Alternatively, they are Chinese/Peranakans who had, during the Qing Dysnasty, settled in what’s now Thailand/Malaysia/Indonesia and converted to Islam there.

#Chris Chow #Larissa Duan #omgcp #omgcheckplease #Lardo having Cham background is actually something I'm toying with.