Ránové nepovažovali své hlavní božstvo za jediné; chápali jeho ohraničený dosah působnosti a věděli o existenci i jiných ochranných kmenových božstev, obdařených podobnými funkcemi jako Svantovít. Při válkách mezi kmeny šlo totiž v lidských představách i o souboj mezi dvěma bohy. V případě porážky se pak od něj jeho ctitelé neodvraceli, neboť si uvědomovali, že podobně jako člověk i bůh může utrpět prohru.
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The Rani (or Rujani) did not consider their main deity to be the only one; they understood his limited scope of influence and knew of the existence of other protective tribal deities with similar functions as Svantovit. During the wars between the tribes, in people's imaginations, it was also a fight between two gods. In the event of a defeat, his worshipers did not turn away from him, because they realized that, just like a man, a god can also suffer defeat.
Bohové dávných Slovanů ~ Gods of ancient Slavs (Martin Pitro, Petr Vokáč)
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Arguments in favour of me being a little bit stupid.
Arguments against the identification of Ruyevit as a god of the second function.
Sex and swords (cf. Yngvi-Freyr the swordsman) are characteristic of gods belonging to the third function, as is his status as the tutelary god of the Rujani; the god's name most likely being derived from the name of the tribe (and not *řuti directly) does not help the matters
There are literally no records of Perun punishing venereal sin, or him having any association w sex—at all. There are no records of him wielding a sword (like Ruyevit), despite plentiful attestations of him wielding axes and arrows. No associations with swallows, either, though I wouldn't consider that a deal-breaker
The one piece of evidence that sold me on Ruyevit being Perun is the identification of Porevit and Porenut as Perun's sons (compare Modi and Magni). It is possible, as a honourable colleague of mine suggested, they're instead cognate to the Dioscuri—a reflex of the proto-Indo-European divine twins, also gods of the third function who often feature in founding myths (though idk whether the Rani in particular thought of their tribe as being founded by twins; Slavs in general seem to favour tracing our tribes to a single founder or a group of siblings). Now. Unless Porevit is supposed to be read as Borovit ('He of the Pines'), and the apparent similarity of his name to that of Porenut is a distortion of Saxo's transcription. In which case, well.
Arguments in favour of identifying Perun with... Chernoglav?
The Rani god with the strongest connections to Perun is Chernoglav ("Blackhead"), mentioned in the Knýtlinga saga under the Icelandic variant Tjarnaglófi. He's described, in the two sentences devoted to his cult in Asund, as the Rani's "god of victory, (who) went with them into battle. He had a silver moustache." The synchronicity with Perun being the patron of warriors (not war per se) prayed to for victory in battle is apt, as is (possibly) the mention of Vladimir's idol of Perun having a silver beard and a golden moustache.
Note Crnoglava, in Serbia; Crnoglav, a village in Herzegovina named after the nearby hill of the same name; and Chernoglav in Bulgaria—all names of mountains, in accordance with the vast majority of toponyms bearing Perun's being the names of hills and mountains.
(Chernoglav being Perun is not without precedence in literature; see Gorbachov, 2017. Not that Gorbachov.)
But—if Chernoglav = Perun, why would Porenut and Porevit, as Perun's sons, be worshipped alongside Ruyevit and not Chernoglav?
Who is Yarovit?
The sole mention of Yarovit's association with fertility (a domain of the third function) is a completely fabricated incident in which Yarovit's priest masquerades as the god in an attempt to convince Saint Otto to submit to paganism. Grim. (His other attested attributes seem to point to him being a god of war—how daring). However, his name is more clearly connected with fertility than that of any other god worshipped on Rujána: it translates to 'He of Springtime'. Note that, like Svantovit and Ruyevit, Yarovit's name is most likely a recent epithet and not the original name of the god.
Who the fuck is Svantovit?
If Ruyevit and Yarovit are both gods of the third function, they cannot constitute a trifunctional triad with Svantovit—which doesn't mean they couldn't have been thought of as a triad (the names of the former likely being modelled off Svantovit's name is telling; the -v- in Ruyevit and Yarovit is otherwise quite problematic, etymologically), but attempts to link them to better-established triads like Odin-Thor-Freyr are spurious. Also, if the -(v)it in Porevit isn't supposed to be a patronymic suffix, the noun-forming suffix -it stops being unique to the Svantovit-Ruyevit-Yarovit triad. Crying.
There are some things about Svantovit that seem second function-y—less the Hercules of Perun, more Mars. Less Thor, more Tyr. However, I'm doubtful: Svantovit's parallels with gods of the first function like Rudra and Odin are too many for me to disregard. This wouldn't mean gods of the second function are unattested on Rujána—again, Chernoglav.
Unsorted.
Based solely on what little is attested of him in myth and toponyms, I still consider it likely Veles was a god of the first function. Does this mean he was cognate with Svantovit? Not necessarily—Apollo isn't Zeus isn't Hermes, after all—but I have literally no idea who on the island he might be cognate to (if the Rani did indeed worshhip any cognate of Veles). It is quite possible "Svantovit" was a recent name for an unattested or otherwise obscured god of the first function unrelated to Veles.
I should really check out what is known for certain of Baltic mythology—the little I've read on Velnias (the evident Baltic cognate to Veles) is one big [citation needed], which isn't very promising.
It seems deeply unlikely to me that Svantovit, Ruyevit and Yarovit would not have cognates outside Rujána, given that every single other god mentioned as being worshipped among the Polabians—Svarožic, Radegast and, yes, even Chernoglav—do have clear cognates across the Slavic world (in toponyms if nothing else). I think the three's names replaced the original theonyms quite late, and that their closest cognates would most likely be on the Polabian mainland. If there's any god that might as well be specific to Rujána, it's Ruyevit; for Svantovit and Yarovit, I expect there to be cognates hidden somewhere—if not in the historical record, then in the landscape.
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RUGIEVIT (západní Slované; Saxo Grammaticus, Knýtlinga saga) - válečný sedmihlavý bůh uctívaný v Korenici (patrně Garz), kde měl ve 12. století svůj chrám. Dubový idol měl u pasu sedm mečů, osmý držel v pravé ruce. Socha byla vysoká asi 3 m ... Vlaštovky, jež hnízdily na soše, se staly dotykem s ní tabu, takže jejich hnízdo ani trus nebyly ze sochy odstraněny. ... jako vládce-suverén byl nejspíše předchůdcem Svantovíta. Posvátným zvířetem mu byl bělouš, obdobně jako v případě Svantovítově ...
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RUYEVIT (Western Slavs; Saxo Grammaticus, Knýtlinga saga) - a seven-headed war god worshiped in Charenza (probably Garz), where he had his temple in the 12th century. The oak idol had seven swords at its waist, the eighth held in its right hand. The statue was about 3 m high … Touching the swallows that nested on the statue became a taboo, so neither their nests nor their droppings were removed from it. … as a ruler-sovereign, he was most likely the predecessor of Svantovit. His sacred animal was a white horse, similarly as in the case of Svantovit…
Encyklopedie slovanských bohů a mýtů ~ Encyclopedia of Slavic Gods and Myths (Naďa & Martin Profantovi)
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Artist Andres Rios…Svantovit: Arena 😈 ~ßεศş†~ https://www.instagram.com/p/CTIwZtqhh5O/?utm_medium=tumblr
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