Is the Brotherly Love in Martial Arts Films Homoerotic?
Usually I don’t make newspapers’ reposts, but this case deserves the exception.
The idea, no doubt, viable, taking into account that the concept of qing (情), often characterizing the ideal relationship between male Wuxia characters, by the Ming era acquired some implicit homoerotic connotation. This hard-to-translate, elusive notion has evolved over the millennia from an abstract virtue or a natural quality to an intimate affection, and eventually became a partial substitute for the “traditional” concept of love. In later eras, the use of qing to denote same-sex relationships is not uncommon. This concept is all the more convenient since it allows a veiled designation of a tongzhi living context in postsocialist period. Nowadays, qing is part of the gay-related slang (see, for instance, 基情).
Although Wuxia novels give an idea of all the richness of the interactions between vigorous wu and refined wen masculinity, they maintain an ambivalent representation of homosexuality for centuries.
On the one hand, same-sex relationships are often depicted as evidence of the perversity inherent in villains. From time to time, homosexuality (or queer-feminization) in Wuxia literature acquires a mystical connotation, testifying to the “non-human” nature of the characters or the vicious transformation due to the pursuit of ambitious goals (for ex., omnipotence) and adherence to “top secret” Yin techniques. In such cases, the presentation is usually explicit or mediated by hints that leave the reader in no doubt.
On the other hand, same-sex partnerships can take the form of sublime and long-lasting romantic friendships when it comes to male protagonists.
In such relationships, the older character most often complies with the norms of Confucian moral code, acting as a wise mentor, patron and protector for the younger and\or less experienced one who takes the position of apprentice and junior companion. This classic distribution of roles is consonant with the Plato’s model.
What is curious…
Ultimately, Kwan concludes that Confucian attitudes are probably the reason for the absence of discussions of sexual identity in Chinese films.
It’s a complex ethnographic, sociological and metaphysical question:
Since when Confucianism has become a synonym for Chinese culture?
In fact, not so long ago as it is depicted. And moreover, Confucianism was never its basis.
How much the mainstream understanding of Confucianism differs from the content of the primary source is another topic for a decent thesis.)
Noteworthy article by Richard James Havis
Hong Kong was a conservative place back in the 1990s, so it’s surprising that gender identity played such a big part in its film scene.
Spurred by Brigitte Lin Ching-hsia’s incredible success as the cross-dressing hermaphrodite sorceress in Swordsman II, screens were filled with women playing masculine roles, a phenomenon that permeated the wider cultural scene, especially in advertising.
The mid-1990s also saw Hong Kong’s first commercial gay film, notable local director and distributor Shu Kei’s A Queer Story, which featured Jordan Chan Siu-chun and George Lam Tsz-cheung in a homosexual relationship.
“Recently, Hong Kong attitudes have been shifting – if only slightly – and local filmmakers are becoming bolder in their embrace of homosexual themes,” this journalist wrote in 1997.
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