#similar to how sentence construction is in Korean

[beautifulpersonpeach]

Hello BPP,

One of the thoughts I have had over the last few days, and one I hope doesn't offend anyone, is that shipping sometimes is founded in selfishness.

The reason I have come to this conclusion is the behaviour of a certain community that is quite vocal online in their displeasure over the content that gets produced. They have turned to focusing solely on the members they ship instead of grasping the emotional weight of the moments we get to observe. They immediately jump to the conclusion of a conspiracy against their ship, despite how non-sensical repressing said ship would be from a purely capitalistic viewpoint, and then use footage that was taken without the consent of the members and after their express wish for fans to not appear at the send-off to support their theory. I have heard of them furthering the narrative that their ship is real due to private moments yet these moments are either (a) debunked by those who are not sucked into the narrative or (b) obtained by sharing videos once again without the consent of their shippées.

But it isn't about the bond between JK and Tae for them but rather being right, about being the ones to see the truth - going against the grain - and whatever rhetoric they like to employ.

It's about the fetishisation of two attractive men being together, a comforting thought for what I imagine to be girls and women that would like to be in a relationship with these two themselves. Why else would they mostly focus on bashing a company and real human beings because they're not being catered to?

It is quite disturbing to consider how there's this willingness to cross boundaries of every type, including tweeting at an actual government branch and then accusing said branch of furthering fanservice. All of it is, as I stated at the beginning, selfish. There is no consideration for the feelings of the people they claim to protect, no media literacy, no acceptance of Occam's Razor, no interest in factual depictions.

I hope they grow tired soon, because it is tiring to even witness in the periphery.

---

Sorry for the quite stilted English, I've been watching too many video essays the past few days and I physically cannot turn off that filter.

***

It’s sad, amusing and concerning all at the same time, isn’t it? You’ve hit the nail on the head and yeah it applies to most shippers: taekookers especially but also many jikookers, and even solo stans, who resort to the same mental leaps when their expectations aren’t met. I agree with you and have said much the same several times in the last few years.

I don’t share your hope that they grow tired soon though. In fact what tends to happen is that they become even more unhinged. The more they invest into their theories and worldview, the more they take increasingly invasive steps to validate those theories. It’s sad and one of the worst expressions of sunk cost fallacy I’ve seen in fandom. The most we can do as fans is to check that behaviour when we see it in the fandom, and deplatform people building a following set on those ideas. And hope to god that the military does a decent job of ensuring their security while in service.

#Stitled English is the norm for me so sorry to everyone else loool #someone sent me an ask the other day saying they believe I’m Korean because of how my English sentences start with the object #similar to how sentence construction is in Korean #I’ve accepted my English is just hard to read and that I’m only semi-literate in English #Kudos to all my followers who put up with my ramblings lol #BTS #jikook #jimin #jungkook #BTS shipping #fandom shipping #shipping culture #bts army #bts fandom #fandom behaviour

[anishabweh]

Why learning Mandarin Chinese is not THAT hard folks!!! 💀☻️

1. The grammar is literally so easy. If you find the word by word English translation of a sentence written in Mandarin, you'll find that most of the words are nouns. There are limited helping verbs and tenses and all which makes learning the sentence structure much easier.

In my experience, most of the Mandarin is vocabulary. 🥸

2. Some characters are so interesting to learn. I'll give an example. 人 (ren) means 'person' in Mandarin. Slight change in the character and it becomes 大 (da) which means 'big' as the character symbolises 'a person spreading his arms and legs out to show something is big'. Another change and it becomes 天 (tian) which means 'heaven' since it shows 'no matter how big a person is, there's always something above him/her'.

Interesting, isn't it? 🧐

3. One big advantage: Not many people speak it. It's majorly spoken in China which means it evolves less in comparison with other languages that are widely used like English.

Learning Mandarin you won't have to keep up with the trend and evolution as much as you'd have to with certain other languages. 😌

4. Another big advantage: Once you know Mandarin (at least the intermediate level), Japanese won't be too hard either. Both of the languages have many similarities because Japanese has Chinese roots. So if you're an Anime fanatic, why not start with Chinese? Also, Korean then won't be too hard either since it's similar to Japanese and infact, easier. So K-drama fans? Mandarin is a good choice I'd say.

Knowing these three languages can definitely be a flex; trust me. 😎

5. There are like over 50,000 characters in Mandarin!!!! The number scares people which is why it's not their first choice when learning a new language. But what they don't know is that learning 3000 is more than enough to survive in China or speak the language fluently anywhere. Not even native Chinese know all the characters buddy! Educated ones settle for around 8000.

So chillax! 💫⚡️🌟✨️

6. This one is specially for English speakers or those who speak language(s) having a similar alphabet or grammar to English. Mandarin will be significantly easier for you. Told you - not much grammar.

I'm saying this because learning tenses wrung the living hell outta me all through my middle school. 🥲🙃

Also, less vulnerable to evolution. There aren't many borrowed or derived words in Mandarin unlike English. English changes according to the culture of the people speaking it. More the diversity, more the evolution.

7. Here's one benefit: Memory enhancement. Initially it will be hard for you to learn the strokes of the characters and not confusing them with others, correctly remembering their meanings, the tones and all. BUT.

It's a really good exercise for people like me who don't have a sharp memory. Even if you do, learning Mandarin is just gonna polish it more. 😌🌸♣️

Here are all the reasons why I think Mandarin is easy; especially when compared with English. But I'll acknowledge that all of it is subjective and if you think otherwise, that's completely fine buddy! This blog is just to give you a little push if you've been wanting to learn a new language and remove any myths that you have about the language. If you think there's any wrong info in the blog, do reach out. I appreciate constructive criticism.

Adios!!! 🦋

#language #mandarin #anime #kdrama #kpop #japanese #chinese #english #easy

[asianhappinesss]

The Terror Live (2013)

Summary

Yoon Yeong Hwa, once a top, national news anchor, gets demoted to radio news. One day, a call comes in during his radio show threatening to blow up Mapo Bridge. While it is brushed off as a prank call, the bridge ends up getting blown to pieces just 10 minutes later. To get his career back on track, Yoon tries to grab an exclusive live broadcast. The terrorist demands a hefty sum in exchange and the exclusive gets aired. The terrorist reveals he is one of the construction workers of Mapo Bridge and demands the President’s apology for his coworkers who died on the job. However, the government dismisses the demands, and the terrorist strikes again. While efforts to convince both the government and the terrorist go awry, Yoon realizes there is a bomb rigged on him and falls in sheer terror.

Review

This review may contain spoilers

If I have to describe the Terror Live in one sentence I would say: One room, an anchor, a terrorist, a live broadcast and lots of thrills. I have been waiting for this ever since it first came out and I can say that I am quite satisfied. The story of this film is located in one room, the radio station, this may seem so little for a thriller to happen but I take that as a positive point because the non-diversity of locations forced the focus on the plot and dialogues instead which is a great thing. The Terror Live builds a great tension and thrilling moments that it may even feel suffocating in a good way. The film starts out very fast without the meaningless time-filler introductions; it was engaging ever since the first minutes and it kept drawing the attention until the very end. This film doesn’t contain any dull moment and you can never think that it became boring because the order of displaying events was quite well-done in a way that will make you anxious about what will happen next. Also, the messages delivered in this film concerning the government, mass media and terrorists as well as the questions it asks about their involvement are well-crafted. And no, this is nothing like any terror anything you’ve seen before since it doesn’t follow a stereotypical pattern at all. The acting was marvelous. Ha Jung Woo proves, once again, what great of an actor he is. I always praise him in my reviews not because I am biased with him as a fan girl (although I do find him quite charming) but it’s due to his absorbing acting skills that keep getting better and better after each film he makes. And man does thriller roles suit him so well! I am complimenting the acting because if some pretty face idol who doesn’t know how to act did this type of role then everything would have went downhill that’s why choosing great actors is one the most important elements of making a successful film.

The characters were intriguing and very well-done as a whole. There’s no hero in this film because our male lead is almost an anti-hero instead of the opposite side. The anchor had the greatest character developments ever where he started as a sloppy carefree radio host then he became a serious anchor and at the end…Well, it’s a spoiler. The cinematography is catching and pretty similar to recent Korean thrillers visuals with only little CGI used in the process. And I don’t think a second rewatch of a tight suspense film is a good idea. Watch if: -You’re in the mood for a great suspense thriller. -You like the Korean way of making thrillers. -You like Ha Jung Woo or want to discover him. Do not watch if: -You dislike thrillers and suspenseful stories. The Terror Live is one of the better Korean thrillers made in recent years, if you want to watch this film then make sure to prepare yourself for an astounding ride.

#kmovie

[applesauce365]

How I study Korean

I don't attend any language school for Korean but I can't take all the credit either because I have resources which help me, a lot.

Learning Spanish for two months helped me understand the key points about learning a foreign language. I started with the basics, 한글.

Reading & Writing: I made sure I knew the correct stroke order and pronunciation of the 한글 characters. I wrote 한글 everyday for about a month while reading aloud the character I was writing. Just like in kindergarten, when I was learning my first language, English.

I used Duolingo to practice the 한글 characters. Repetition is the key.

With Korean, the new part was - syllable blocks.

Even Bengali or Hindi didn't have them. So I dived into the concept of syllable blocks. I wrote words which were one or two syllables long in order to get used to the writing system.

I wasn't happy about my handwriting though. It looked very blocky and un-native-like. So I practiced writing Korean like a native.

My initial handwriting

Practicing how to write like a native

During the transition I might've been trying too hard. (and that's a lot of 박보검 and 오빠)

This is my steady Korean handwriting. It's not pretty but it's legit. (None of my handwritings are pretty)

This is my English handwriting and I've been writing English ever since I was a baby. I just don't have very good penmanship, I guess. (this is actually a random chemistry question. All I write these days are science stuff for NEET, so.)

Pronunciation: Now that I knew how to read and write 한글, I moved on to the phonetics. Here's an order I follow and I think you should too, when learning a language from scratch.

Gotta start from the core

Vowels are cool, but consonants? Man, did I struggle. Voiced, unvoiced, unaspirated, aspirated, tense... WTF? I got through it.

Next in line for Korean pronunciation were 받침 and nasal assimilation/ nasalization.

Speech levels: English doesn't have speech levels but Bengali and Hindi do, so it was comparatively easier for me to understand that. Bengali and Hindi both have 3 speech levels. On the whole, Korean has 2 반말 and 존댓말. But on a more precise level, it has 7. You need to know 4 and you're good to go.

Basic Vocabulary: I have books in Korean for beginners and apps like EPS TOPIK Korean and Eggbun are also a fun way of learning new and useful words. I don't bother getting premium, the free version does a pretty good job.

Conjugation: Korean conjugation is pretty easy. All you have to care about is the tense, as it doesn't depend on number (singular/plural) or person (I/you/it). Also, Korean nouns are gender neutral. I consult Hanji whenever I'm in doubt.

Sentence Construction: Korean sentences have a Subject+Object+Verb order unlike English sentences which have a Subject+Verb+Object order. Bengali, however, has an order similar to that of Korean.

Counters: This is something which is much more common in Bengali than in English. Counters or counting words are classifiers. In English it is "two sheets of paper", not "two papers". Analogously, in Korean 장 is used to count sheets.

Numbers: There are two different number systems in Korean. Native Korean and Sino-Korean.

Resources

Books : There are tons of ebooks for learning Korean in these websites z-library, pdfdrive and epdf.

YouTube : Channels that I use include TTMIK, 한국언니, Minji Teaches Korean, KoreanClass101, BillyGo, The World of Dave, 빅키샘.

Websites : 90DAYKOREAN, How to study Korean, Key to Korean, Koreanly

Translator : I would not recommend Google translator for Korean. It's lousy. I use Naver Papago.

Forums : Trust no translator! Translators can get your message across but there's no guarantee that it sounds natural. Get help from natives, use language forums like Korean Language Stack Exchange and HiNative.

Comprehensive Input

Reading : Read in Korean- literature, articles, essays, magazines, comics, news

Listening : Listen to podcasts, music or audiobooks in Korean

Writing : Write in Korean, if you can't write anything creative, journal in Korean

Watching movies or TV shows in Korean help significantly improve listening skills. Playing word games in Korean will improve your vocabulary. Try to understand jokes and memes in Korean.

I'm an ARMY, Jin's dad jokes immensely help me improve my Korean.

I also have (native) Korean friends who proofread what I write and help me use more natural Korean expressions.

I actually tried to learn Hanja (Chinese characters) because they said it would help. It's frigging difficult! I quit. I'm doing just fine without Hanja.

Here's my Pinterest board for Korean

I think not having a teacher kind of worked in my favour. I've problems with authority, you see. I don't like someone telling me what to do. It's like I have to be in charge at all times.

#study #korean #learning korean #how to learn korean #learn a language #language learning #language exchange #south korea #한국어 #한국말 #한국 #한국어 공부 #국어 공부 #langblr

[rorodawnchorus]

Ep 2-4: Theatre of Justice

No, I didn't come up with the title. While looking at some scholarly works around Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, I came across this paper which very aptly describes what this whole live TV show in The Devil Judge is. The entire process, the production team behind the TV show, the public voting process and the live televising of adjudication are all theatrics for both entertainment and catharsis. It is created to placate the people by creating the illusion that justice is now in their hands and that the people knows best although manipulation by people behind the scenes leave much to be desired in terms of achieving idealistic justice.

Perhaps even as an audience, the concerted effort to properly portray the unforgivable evilness that seem so innate in the Minister of Justice's son prompts the audience to cheer for the judges who mete out severe punishment against the rich. In a deeply divided society where the rich is unimaginably wealthy while the rest struggles and straddles the poverty line, it can be cathartic to see powerful, rich people being severely punished.

Kang Yo Han begins to have a cult following in which members wear T-shirts with his face on it, wave the Korean flag and cheer for him, flailing their hands in the air as though worshipping a deity. Ga-On looked on at the small group of young men who struts into the street and cheer loudly (although this was muted; I'd imagine they were extremely loud from everyone's reaction). This is very symptomatic of what seemed to me like the inception of a violent cult which can grow into something more sinister. Genocides in different countries have all seen a process of designating certain groups as deserving violence inflicted upon them, that they should be exception to the rules of human rights.

The way audiences of the People's Court TV show reacted and were a little too keen about flagellation wasn't surprising at all but it still made me squirm. In my head, the most recent scene of flagellation (albeit also fictional) was the scene in Outlander. Whipping/flogging/flagellation are extremely brutal methods of punishment. Caning still exists in prison, behind closed walls, tucked away from the public eye and mind. Like some others who have mentioned, this form of punishment does nothing to address the problem which the justice process is trying to deal with.

Here we have a young man who seems to have the world at his feet. Groups of older men who seem like executives in his father's company tremble before him. He treats everyone beneath him as though they were dust, only deserving to be trampled on. He drives around the city threatening or actually running into people. But then we are given a glimpse of his backstory where he was raised without his parents' affection, love or attention. He seems to be on medication for perhaps anxiety or other mental health issues and also has substance addiction. Do I think any of this can be mitigating factors? No. But his eventual explosion of emotions in court, his plea to the judge in utter fear and his lashing out at the spectators of his trial ("Do you think you're better than me?") do point to certain things. 1) people wanted an outlet, revenge, and something through which they can vent their frustrations. 2) his anger at society stems from his emotional instability and childhood which continues to be left unaddressed. 3) is it perhaps a latent desire in people to want to have violence inflicted on others and a justifiable reason would easily prompt them to cheer on such use of violence?

1. Both Kang Yo Han and the people from the foundation are using this in the theatrical performance of the People's Court. Kang Yo Han knows that people want to see these politicians and elites punished so he uses this to serve his personal purpose of revenge.

Ultimately, Kang Yo Han brings up the proposal to punish him by flagellation. The TV producer immediately gets his team to search what that means and project images and description for the punishment on screen. Then, Kang Yo Han announces that the audience can vote whether or not to flog this man through the voting app. (Because the lawyer was saying imprisonment is an unsuitable sentence for his client). Because the court seems to be constructed on this concept of unprecedented justice process, Kang Yo Han uses the voting app to create this public demand for the punishment which the minister of justice cannot possibly prevent unless she is ready to throw her political career away.

There are sentencing guidelines and a presumably developed human rights principles with regards to punishment (ie. State violence). Even if we consider this version of Korea to be different from the current one, I believe it can at least be premised on development closer to our society before it diverged into the one found in this drama. That said, Kang Yo Han is overriding all of these and urging the public to choose. He tells the voters, here's your chance so what do you choose? Witness statement without verification of identity, reliability of statement, evidence, cross-examination were all thrown out the window and he sentences him right after a public vote. Having been provoked by the videos and testimony of random people who were mostly working class, this can be likened to a virtual type of mob violence. They were out for blood because of how this man (with issues that should perhaps be dealt with through therapy, etc.) treated all these people who were working and serving him in some way.

I think this juxtaposes the war Kang Yo Han initiated in his classroom when he was young; he knew what it was that pushes all the right buttons to get the outcome he wants. Is it manipulative? Sort of. But it only works because he knows how people will react to something if prompted.

This leads to the 3rd point I mentioned. Kang Yo Han is banking on the frustration that has been aggravated by a widening gap between the rich and poor. The poor has nothing but the smartphone app where they could seek some form of justice. Indeed, we do not live in a very different world from the one which is depicted in this drama. We have virtual mob violence, or perhaps what most calls "cancel culture". Because the justice system cannot deliver the justice people want, Twitter and other forms of social media are used to deliver the brand of justice that people want. In Korea, online communities are where people initiate a certain exposé that could take a celebrity's career down. Just very recently, Kris Wu has been exposed online to have been sexually involved with a minor. Now allegations that he has asked for sexual favours from fans. His career in China, it seems at this point, is well over. It is too early at this point to tell if he will face legal consequences or be officially investigated. The entire process in these few episodes struck me as very true to life (perhaps with lesser flair and live TV theatrics).

I think the judge who wrote this script is really crafting an intricate commentary of our society. How public justice is delivered and how different it is from the judiciary. Kang Yo Han thinks like a politician, as Ga-On's mentor says. He wants to give the people what they want, not deliver justice as a jurist by following legal principles. In fact, he abandons almost all of that and offers an extremely violent solution to quell the anger of the mob. It isn't until later (in the next few episodes) that random comments of a civilian squirms at the violence inflicted on this despicable young man while watching TV. It is different to say you want punishment against a person and then to actually see it happen before your eyes. Yet, there are people who indulge in this spectacle of state violence. Perhaps they are working class and have experienced bullying by the rich. Kang Yo Han builds a cult following (albeit unwillingly as he complains about the difference between his fans and Ga-On's fans lol). His avid fans are often performing an obsession for Kang Yo Han as a symbol of new justice. They praise and practically worship him like cult followers tend to do, raising their hands in the air in praises, hollering his name and has Kang Yo Han's face on the front of their T-shirts.

(This got a bit too long but the next 2 episodes are also a rather similar commentary which continues this one. It can be seen as an extension of this case and the theatrics that emerged around it.)

#The Devil Judge #Kim Ga On #Kang Yo Han #Jisung #park jinyoung #got7 jinyoung #Kdrama

[diabelosa]

I'm with you on the Demonic Language!! If they don't use a weird word order I riot. The only excuse I am allowing for so little info on it is someone cast a universal translate spell.

ugh YES. I HC it to be relatively similar to Sumerian or the old biblical languages (Classical Hebrew, Aramaic, Ancient Greek), but with more of a glottal and liquid twist to the sounds. Which means we can completely get rid of Indo-European languages for a base... and, not going to lie, are overused a lot of the time for basic language constructions only because they are so widely spoken and known and they are BORING.

Sumerian: Subject - Object - Verb

Classic Hebrew/Aramaic: Verb - Subject - Object

Ancient Greek: Idk man, just fuck me up. Dependent on inflection and importance within a sentence (Latin can also be like this if you want, but the standard for Latin is SOV)

And I 100% support the idea of some absolutely obscene word order just for funsies because you can do it. (Ignoring that it can sometimes be an absolute bitch to parse through depending on how familiar you are with it)

And, if we go with that, and assuming we get those languages, we also get agglutination!! AKA something that English really doesn’t have much of. Korean and Turkish would be some decent examples (Japanese has been leaning away from this a bit...) and Bantu languages are the ones I’m most familiar with. Closest we would get to it would be the plural -s marking or like. “Help-less-ness.”

Anyways, I can likely go off on this even more, but its still hella fun to think about lol

#ray #obey me #oh man and think of the CONSONANTS #i can totally see a more glottal type thats more in line with those languages #give me the ghayn #UVULAR FRICATIVES #obey me headcanons

[studylustre]

hi carol!! hope ur well. i wanted to ask what the most challenging part of language learning has been for u? im a beginner in korean but have been very anxious to speak to natives and stuff like that T-T the grammar has also been killing me, i was wondering if u had similar struggles/advice

hello angel!! the most challenging thing has definitely been getting over the fear of actually speaking it DFSJGLKSDJFG i hate the idea of making mistakes so i tend to shy away from speaking korean which is obviously v counterproductive as someone studying the language 😅 i think the key thing is to just remind urself that literally no one cares if u make a mistake, they’re inevitable and are not a bad thing!! u can only learn from mistakes, so make them freely bc they’ll help u to improve. as for struggling with grammar, i recommend talking to native speakers if possible - it helps A LOT. it’s also a good idea to watch kdramas with korean subtitles/listen to podcasts and read transcripts - seeing how the sentences are structured are super helpful for improving ur understanding of different grammatical principles + how to construct more natural sounding sentences

#answered #k.ask #q #anon

[aemoonie]

I think xiaojun is definitely a romantic and I feel him on not being good at pursuing crushes. I had a crush on someone for like a year and a half and didn't tell them lol. I think he's more sensitive than the other boys or just...I guess comes accross as more conventionally romantic and in touch with his emotions, that wayv sometimes clowns him for. I think part of it is his quite awkward nature and his language barriers. I noticed he stumbles over his words in mandarin, admitted finding korean challenging and is very soft spoken and isn't as confident in english, although he speaks well. One patricular instance is when yangyang went to his room for some reason and xiaojun said "do you want to talk, I can sing for you" or something similar and yangyang basically made it into a joke and laughed it off when sharing this story. Although I do think xiaojun wants people to see him as someone who's this stereotypically masculine guy and I think he has this idealized version of things in his head of how he should be and that's partly why he wanted to be considered more buff or picked ten as the person he would date bc ten is, in his eyes, shorter than him, or when he made some awkward and questionable remarks, like when he told Lucas he didn't think a guy like him would like strawberry ice cream lol. I just think he isn't that good at articulating his thoughts, and says things bc he wants to be seen a certain way, that would match the version of himself he thinks he should be. I noticed he gets sulky or overly defensive and kind of snappy bc he's clowned a lot, and I honestly don't think he enjoys it. He probably considers his role in a romantic relationship to be the protector and someone who takes charge, something that he doesn't have in wayv bc he has middlechild problems. I also think kun has a similar view, as he so strongly dislikes being called kun-mom and doesn't really like when people compare him to their mom or say he's "motherly" eventhough he's a naturally nurturing person. I think they both should embrace these parts of themselves bc these things are so endearing about them. Like I feel xiaojun on being naturally awkward, it's not a quality people would pick for themselves, but tbh it's part of his charm.

i almost overlooked your message bc of all the request but then i noticed how long it was and read it and was like... okay. nice :D

yeah, it is similar to what i said about the dreamies, i often notice that boy groups tease each other a lot for just showing basic human emotions. and xiaojun is definitely one of the more frequent victims :(

i also think he has sometimes trouble articulating what he wants to say properly (i think it's a Cancer Mercury curse) but that doesn't mean that what he wants to say is silly or smth (unless he wants it to be of course lol). i sometimes wish the boys would take him more seriously, but it's just their dynamic i guess, we can't really change much about that (men, amirite? lmao).

i think his placements suggests that while he may be a whole softie, he is also kind of insecure. esp. his leo sun, cancer moon and virgo venus resonate with that. he may have an ideal version of a person in mind that he aspires to be, but is quite different from what he actually is. he would need someone to tell him that he is fine just the way he is, no matter if he is buff or manly or short and sweet.

it's really just that. this insecurity can also influence him being quite slow or not comfortable with pursuing his crushes. he probably gets nervous a lot and will think that he isn't good enough for that person. which is not true ofc! boy deserves the world :)

i actually think his english is pretty impressive and his humor is kind of underrated. he had one of the relay cams that i liked the most, bc i felt like he was just comfortable and himself. he is quite witty and charming, even though his more quiet appearance wouldn't make you think that.

and lastly, i totally agree with what you said abt him and kun not embracing certain parts of themselves. in the beginning i also felt like kun wasn't really fond of being "misgendered" in a way, like he often corrected them and said he was the dad if anything. so i think this aspect of his more nurturing side is something he is okay with, but maybe he just doesn't like being labeled something more "feminine". which brings us back to the idea of kun having a more ideal version of a man in his head, which doesn't include being "motherly". it's really a shame, imo, because he really seems to be very important to his members and i think it would be really reassuring to know, if he looked at it from a different perspective!

some goes for xiaojun. yes, he is naturally awkward and that adds to his charm and humor! but he is also has a great stage presence and works so hard to meet his goals (kun too ofc). i wish the two would recognize that being more "masculine" or not doesn't define them, but being just themselves is so much more worth it (was that sentence grammatically correct?? i can't tell sorry lol).

also who said xiaojun can't be a protector in a relationship? just because he isn't the tallest ?? >:( god i hate society's standards sm. like who tf cares how tall that man is. he and kun are open-minded i feel like, and i hope that they come to the realization one day, that they don't have to fit any constructed standards to please people they will probably never even meet. both boys deserve the world case closed >:(

#xiaojun soft boy legacy #anon ask #mndchldsung

[clarz-cc-archive]

answered May 12, 2020

Q: i keep thinking about your epithets tweet and it made me realize how differently english and my first language work! like, in my native language you have to find any possible way to be as little repetitive as possible (i think this works for english too?) when you’re writing, and this includes first names too! of course this is all based on very basic writing skills, i admit i’m not really sure how it works with books i should pay more attention to it but what they teach us in school is to make the writing flow and repetitions are the biggest sin you could commit. so, every time i find epithets in a fic i wonder if the author is a non-native english speaker? because i’ve seen a lot of english speaker fic writers complaining about epithets! is it condemned in school too or is it just common sense not to use them? i find this really fascinating!!

A: so in english at the high school level they actually teach you the same thing, there's a lot of emphasis put on not re-using words and on avoiding repetition, but it's not actually the case in most english literature? the reason it's taught like that in schools is to encourage students to use a larger vocabulary and to learn how to construct sentences in different ways, but i think it can be so pounded into students' heads so frequently that it ends up creating bad habits that make your writing more difficult to read. i personally rarely see epithets used in english literature except when a character doesn't know someone's name yet (if someone is a stranger, then it sounds perfectly fine to refer to them as "the tall man" or something similar.) i can't really explain why epithets sound so bad to me, but i get the impression that in other languages it's much more common to refer to people by only by a quality or job title, for example how in korean how it's fine to address your teacher solely as "Teacher," but in english if you were to try to get your teacher's attention by saying "Teacher" instead of their name that would be considered *extremely* rude. i think epithets in english imply distance in a way that's considered odd for someone who you know well, so it's acceptable in a situation where the characters aren't familiar with each other but it feels strangely formal and jarring for a situation where ppl already know each other's names and are friends (and then gets even stranger when those characters are, say, having sex! 😂) flow is also very important in english writing, but i think what a lot of people, especially when they are new to writing, tend not to realize is that there are a lot of words that our brains as native speakers don't necessarily register and will kind of glide right over, and maintaining that glide is actually, in my opinion, very important for maintaining flow. changing the words you use constantly will disrupt that flow because it requires the reader to pay more attention to every one of those words. when you just say "jungkook," the reader already knows who that is and can picture him, but when you say "the raven-haired," the reader has to pause for a second to be like "wait which one's that again?" and it makes the writing flow LESS well rather than more. personally, i think rhythm in english is more important to maintaining flow than variety of word choice is, so varying the length of sentences, using words that have similar sounds in them next to each other (especially in descriptions), and other poetic devices like that will have a much bigger impact on how easy and pleasant your writing is to read. i'd actually never thought about this being a feature of people's writing when they're not native english speakers, so this ask made me think a lot, thank you! if anyone else has input on this from other languages i'd love to hear your thoughts.

asks in response to this one: #1

#writing fic #i am not qualified to give advice #(sort of; that's not rly what this is) #rambles

[trangs-studyblr]

~는 것 (Turning Verbs into Adjectives / Nouns)

Adjectives are a part of speech which modify a noun or pronoun. In both Korean and English, the adjective is placed before the noun/pronoun, just as the “nice” in “nice person” or “fun” in “fun game”. In Korean, not only can adjectives in their infinitive form be used as adjectives, but action verbs can be conjugated to be used as adjectives, too.

~는 것: Modifying Nouns with Verbs

To use an adjective before a noun to describe it, add ~ㄴ/은 to the stem of the adjective.

예쁘다 → 예쁜 여자 (Pretty girl) 젊다 → 젊은 선생님 (Young teacher)

Verbs can be used to describe nouns in this same way by adding ~는 to the stem of a verb. 

In English, when a verb describes a noun, the verb comes after the noun. In Korean, verbs are placed before nouns to describe them – similar to adjectives.

걷는 여자 = the girl that walks 공부하는 학생 = the student who studies 먹는 선생님 = the teacher who eats

In regular sentences (in English and Korean), although grammatically correct, it is very rare to just use the present tense conjugation. 

여자는 걷는다 = The girl walks 학생은 공부한다 = The student studies 선생님은 먹는다 = The teacher eats

Usually, you would add more information or conjugate the sentence in other tenses.

여자는 학교에 걸었어요 = The girl walked to school 여자는 학교에 걸을 거예요 = The girl will walk to school 여자는 빨리 걷는다 = The girl walks fast

You can use the same information to describe the noun (the girl):

여자는 걷는다 = The girl walks 걷는 여자 = The girl who walks

여자는 빨리 걷는다 = The girl walks fast 빨리 걷는 여자 = The girl who walks fast

The whole construction then becomes a noun that can be used in sentences.

빨리 걷는 여자 = The girl who walks fast – 빨리 걷는 여자는 여려요 = The girl who walks fast is young – 저는 빨리 걷는 여자를 만났어요 = I met a girl who walks fast – 저는 빨리 걷는 여자예요 = I am a girl who walks fast

Entire adjectives clauses (a clause which modifies a noun/pronoun) can be put before ~는 것 and can also include subjects within them. Typically, the subject within a clause that is used to describe an upcoming noun has the simple subject marker ~이/가 attached to it. 

Just like when a noun is being described by an adjective, once you have a noun that is being described by a verb (or by an entire clause), you can put it wherever you want in the sentence. 

좋아하다 = to like; to love → 좋아하는 좋아하는 책 = a book that I/you/they/someone like(s) 내가/제가 좋아하는 책 = a book which I like 내가/제가 안 좋아하는 책 = a book that I do not like

제가 만나고 있는 사람은 예뻐요 = The person I am meeting is pretty 제가 보고 있는 영화는 재미있어요 = The movie I am watching is funny

When verbs are changed into adjectives, the meaning can differ depending on the context. The adjective is somehow modifying the noun, and judging from the overall context, the meaning of the adjective should be clear. Depending on the context and the use of particles, the meaning of the sentence can change.

좋아하는 사람 = someone that someone likes / someone I like 민지가 좋아하는 사람 = someone who Minji likes 민지를 좋아하는 사람 = someone who likes Minji

This sentence should be simple:

Subject – place – verb 친구는 학교에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to school

To describe that school, you could do so with adjectives or verbs:

큰 학교 = big school 제가 자주 가는 학교 = The school I go to often

Then, it is simply a matter of putting those nouns into sentences:

친구는 큰 학교에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to the big school 친구는 제가 자주 가는 학교에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to the school that I go to often

More examples:

저는 과학을 좋아하는 여자들을 좋아해요 = I like girls that like science 제가 보고 있는 시험은 어려워요 = The exam I am writing is difficult 제가 사귀고 있는 여자는 미국에 갔어요 = The girl who I am going out with went to the US

Remember that the noun that created by describing it with a verb can be placed anywhere that other nouns can be placed.

내가 가르치는 학생들은 수업에 듣고 싶지 않아 = The students that I teach don’t want to come to class 내가 가르치는 학생들이 수업에 오기 전에 나는 교실을 청소했어 = Before the students that I teach came to class, I cleaned the classroom 저는 친구가 문을 여는 것을 봤어요 = I saw my friend opening the door 마음에 드는 부분이 있나요? = Do you have a part/section that you like?

*Note that the ㄹ irregular is applied when using this verb ending. For verb stems ending with ~ㄹ, drop ~ㄹ and add -는.

열다 = to open → 여는 불다 = to blow → 부는 

~는 것 Past Tense (~ㄴ/은 것)

You can also describe nouns with verbs in the past tense by adding ~ㄴ/은 to the stem of a verb, instead of ~는.  

제가 간 곳 = The place I went 제가 먹은 음식 = The food I ate 제가 가르친 학생 = The student I taught

The general idea is the same as the present tense; the verb is simply conjugated into the past. 

옛날에 많이 피운 환자가 많아요 = There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago 그 집을 지은 사람은 누구예요? = Who is the person that built that house? 그 사람은 서울에서 부산까지 걸은 첫 번째 사람이었다 = That person was the first person who walked from Seoul to Busan 제가 그리운 친구는 편지를 보냈어요 = The friend that I missed sent me a letter. 그 광고를 만든 사람이 진짜 잘 만들었어요 = The person who made this advertisement did a really good job

*Note that the ㅅ, ㄷ, ㅂ, and ㄹ irregular are applied when using this verb ending. 

~는 것 Future Tense (~ㄹ/을 것)

You can also describe nouns with verbs in the future tense by adding ~ㄹ/을 to the stem of a verb, instead of ~는. 

제가 갈  곳은 제주도예요 = The place I will go is Jeju-do 저는 할 일이 있어요 = I have something/work to do 저는 그 사람이 저에게 줄 선물을 받고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to accept the gift that that person will give me

When the word 것 (which means “thing” or “the fact”) is used rather than a specific noun, the noun group can mean “something to + verb”.

먹을 것 = something to eat = food 탈 것 = something to ride = vehicle 마실 것 = something to drink = beverages

This principle is used to create the future tense conjugation.  

저는 밥을 먹을 거예요 = I will eat rice (lit. I am a thing that will eat rice) 제가 받을 점수는 중요해요 = The score I will receive is important

In both of the sentences above, the ~을 attached to the verb is performing the same function – in that it is describing the upcoming noun (것). 

*Note that the ㅅ, ㄷ, ㅂ, and ㄹ irregular are applied when using this verb ending.

저올 재료는 준비하고 있어요 = I am preparing the ingredients that will be mixed. 미올 사람은 아버지입니다 = The person I will believe is my father. 제가 도울 게 있나요? = Is there something I can help you with? 그는 문을 열 사람이에요 = He is the person who will open the doors

Summary: ~는 것

The name for everything in this lesson is ~는 것 (or ~ㄴ 것 for past tense and ~ㄹ 것 for future tense). 

제가 먹는 음식 = The food I eat 제가 먹은 음식 = The food I ate 제가 먹을 음식 = The food I will eat

제가 가르치는 학생 = the student I teach 제가 가르친 학생 = the student I taught 제가 가르칠 학생 = the student I will teach

제가 가는 날에 = the day I go 제가 간 날에 = the day I went 제가 갈 날에 = the day I will go

To change a sentence (or any part of a sentence) into a noun, you must add ~는 것 to the clause.

Why would I want to change a sentence into a noun? 

The structure is actually identical in the following two sentences. In both cases, the thing that you want is put in brackets.

I want (apples) I want (my friend to bring apples)

저는 (apples)를 원해요 저는 (my friend to bring apples)를 원해요

The first one is easy:

저는 사과를 원해요

But the second one? How can you say “my friend brings apples” in Korean?

친구는 사과를 가져와요 = My friend brings apples

But! You need to change that sentence to a noun. THIS is the situation when you will need to change clauses/sentences to nouns. 

친구가 사과를 가져오는 것

This is very hard to translate into English. 것 means “thing.” The rest of it is an adjective describing that “thing.” It would literally translate to “the thing of my friend bringing apples.” 

저는 친구가 사과를 가제오는 것을 원해요 = I want my friend to bring apples

Another example.

저는 (movies)를 좋아해요 = I like (movies) 저는 (making movies)를 좋아해요 = I like (making movies) 저는 (watching movies)를 좋아해요 = I like (watching movies)

영화 = Movies 영화를 만들어요 = I make movies 영화를 봐요 = I watch movies

저는 영화를 좋아해요 = I like movies 저는 영화를 만드는 것을 좋아해요 = I like making movies 저는 영화를 보는 것을 좋아해요 = I like watching movies

In almost every sentence, this concept is used – whether you realize it or not. How often do you simply say “I want to eat food”? You usually make it more complex:

나는 그 사람이 먹고 있는 것을 먹고 싶어 = I want to eat what that person is eating 나는 우리가 지난 번에 같이 먹은 것을 먹고 깊어 = I want to eat what we ate (together) last time 나는 엄마가 요리하는 것을 먹고 싶어 = I want to eat my mom’s cooking

Or, if you wanted to talk about your dream, you could say:

나의 꿈은 선생님이다 = My dream is teacher.

Is that natural? Instead, it would sound more natural if you said:

나의 꿈은 선생님이 되는 것이다 = My dream is becoming a teacher

More examples of a verb (with a clause before it) describing a noun: 

우리 학교의 목적은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다 = Our school’s goal is becoming an international school 소금 많이 먹는 것은 건강에 안 좋아요 = It is not healthy to eat a lot of salt 병원에서 넘어져서 팔을 다친 아주마가 약을 무료로 받았어요 = The woman who fell in the hospital and broke her arm received free medicine

Translating

Translations are often ambiguous from English to Korean. When you use ~는 것 to describe an upcoming noun, the translation is often “who,” “that,” or “where.” 

걷는 여자 = The girl who walks = The girl that walks

내가 간 곳 = The place where I went = The place that I went

This type of translation is also appropriate when describing a “thing.” 

내가 먹는 것은 밥이야 = The thing that I (am) eat(ing) is rice 내가 가장 원하는 것은 차야 = The thing that I want most is a car

However, when using ~는 것 to change a clause into a noun so that you can do something with that noun in a sentence, the translation of “to” or “~ing” is usually more appropriate. 

저는 친구가 사과를 가져오는 것을 원해요 = I want my friend to bring apples 나의 꿈은 선생님이 되는 것이다 = My dream is becoming/to become a teacher 저는 영화를 보는 것을 좋아해요 = I like watching/to watch movies

In terms of grammar, the purpose of ~는 것 in all of these types of sentences is the same. However, in English these look like entirely different sentences. 

Contractions

When used with subject/topic markers, ~는 것 is often contracted.

~는 것 + ~이 → ~는 게

~는 거 + ~는 → ~는 건

이렇게 하는 거 어때요? = How about doing it this way? (neutral) 이렇게 하는 게 어때요? = How about doing it this way? (The meaning is almost the same as the neutral sentence above) 이렇게 하는 건 어때요? = (Since you aren’t too sure about the other ideas,) How about doing it THIS way (then)?

Resources

Learn

HTSK Lesson 26: ~는 것 Describing Nouns with Verbs

TTMIK Level 2 Lesson 19. Making Verbs Into Nouns / -는 것

TTMIK Level 3 Lesson 14. Making Adjectives / Action Verbs + -는/(으)ㄴ/(으)ㄹ + 명사

TTMIK Level 4 Lesson 25. -(으)ㄹ + noun (future tense noun group) / -(으)ㄹ + 명사, 할 것

TTMIK Level 4 Lesson 26. -(으)ㄴ + noun (past tense noun group) / -(으)ㄴ + 명사, 한 것

TTMIK Level 6 Lesson 1. How about …? / ~ 어때요?

Practice

Video 1: Recycling Day Information

Video 19: Bus Etiquette

Korean Sign Explanation video

More example sentences

제가 먹고 있는 음식은 맛있어요 = The food I am eating is delicious 친구는 제가 자주 가는 곳에 가고 있어요 = My friend is going to the place I often go 엄마가 요리하는 음식은 항상 맛있어요 = The food that my mother cooks is always delicious 공부하지 않는 학생들은 똑똑하지 않아요 = Students who do not study are not smart 제가 공원에 가는 날에 항상 행복해요 = I am always happy on the days I go to the park 이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들은 많아요 = There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood 저는 아는 것만 하고 싶어요 = I only want to do things that I know 옆에 사는 ��웃사람이 너무 시끄러워요 = The neighbor who lives next to me is too loud 우리가 사는 지역이 조금 위험해요 = The area we live in is a little bit dangerous 농장에서 사는 게 싫어요 = I don’t like living on a farm 옆 집에서 사는 사람과 친해지고 있어요 = I am getting close to the person who lives next door 그 사람은 내가 가르치는 학생이다 = That person is a student that I teach (I teach that student) 이 노래는 제가 좋아하는 노래예요 = This song is a song that I like. 자주 먹는 한국 음식 있어요? = Is there a Korean food that you eat often? 자주 가는 카페 있어요? = Is there a cafe that you go to often? 요즘 좋아하는 가수는 누구예요? = Which singer do you like these days? 요즘 공부하고 있는 외국어는 일본어예요 = The foreign language I am studying these days is Japanese. 눈이 오는 날에는 영화 보고 싶어요 = On a day when it snows, I want to see a movie. 저기 있는 사람, 아는 사람이에요? = That person who is over there, is it someone that you know? 배고픈 사람 (있어요)? = Anybody (who is) hungry?

내가 작년에 가르친 학생 한 명은 벌써 의사가 되었어 = One of the students I taught last year has already become a doctor 저는 엄마가 요리한 음식을 다 먹었어요 = I ate all the food my mom cooked 제가 어제 만난 사람은 저를 다시 만나고 싶어요 = The person I met yesterday wants to meet me again 남은 음식을 포장하고 싶어요 = I want to pack up the food that is left over 내가 회사에 가지 않은 날에 병원에 갔어 = On the day I didn’t go to work, I went to the hospital 선생님은 학생이 물어본 질문을 답했어요 = The teacher answered the questions that the students asked

제가 받을 점수는 중요해요 = The score I will receive is important

담배를 피우는 것은 건강에 나빠요 = It is unhealthy to smoke cigarettes 저의 목적은 그 시험을 합격하는 것이에요 = My goal is to pass that exam 이 문제를 극복하는 것이 함들 거예요 = It will be difficult to overcome this problem 모자를 쓴 학생을 알아보는 것이 어려워요 = It is difficult to recognize students wearing hats 네가 지금 말하는 것이 틀려 = (the thing that) What you are saying now is incorrect 친구가 머리 깎은 것을 알아보지 못했어요 = I couldn’t recognize that my friend cut his hair 복도에서 달리는 것은 위험해요 = It is dangerous to run in the hallway

#korean #notes #grammar #endings #~는 것 #verbs to nouns

[bestworstcase]

I dont know if this has been asked before, but what was your process when developing the seporian language? What tips/advice would you give other beginner writers who want to develop their own language and make it realistic/believable?

i have talked about this before actually! here’s one post and here’s another

my biggest tip is Use VulgarLang because it is a phenomenal tool for designing a conlang. my approach to developing saporian was to figure out some phonemes that i thought made some sense based on the saporian words that are canon (zarotho/zarothay) and then plug those into vulgarlang and start fiddling with phonological and spelling rules until it started spitting out results that looked “right” to me.

my second biggest tip is to do some cursory research on some other languages, including your native language and any other languages you’re fluent in. the best way to grok what the building blocks of a language are is to study real examples. what are the phonemes of, say, german? or korean? or welsh? how are those phonemes represented through script (ie how are they spelled)? what phonological changes are present? what’s the grammar and how does it fit together?

other tips:

pick one or two complex grammatical and phonological rules and implement those while keeping everything else simple. for example, saporian has a form of vowel harmony (look that up! it’s very interesting!) and has contrastive stress (when two words are identical but stressed differently and mean different things: like ADDress (noun) vs addRESS (verb) in english). but the spelling is completely phonetic.

decide on a few exception cases for your rules. for example in saporian, loanwords use saporian phonetic spelling but ignore the vowel harmony rule: zarothay breaks vowel harmony (a and o are broad vowels while ae/ay is slender so should not be allowed in the same word)… but bananas aren’t native to saporia so this is a loanword from another language that ignores that rule. or as another example the broad “a” is treated as a sort of wildcard vowel in the charcāthēn dialect in that it is broad or slender depending on the other vowels in a word.

having exceptions makes a language feel more real! there isn’t a single natural language in existence that doesn’t have some irregularities or inconsistencies, so if you want a naturalistic conlang make sure to give it a little weirdness!

think about grammar and how phrases are structured. in saporian word order is verb-subject-object [took he his hat] and prepositions are affixes that are attached to the word in a sentence the speaker most wants to emphasize, meaning that literal, direct translations would look like this:

he put the cat on the table -> put he-[on] the cat the table

he put the cat on the table -> put he the cat-[on] the table

he put the cat on the table -> put he the cat the table-[on]

so where emphasis in english is encoded by putting extra stress on the important part of the sentence, in saporian its encoded by attaching the preposition there; this is a very different way of encoding this kind of meaning but i think this flexiblity suits saporian even though it sounds very awkward in english, because saporian overall has a…spongier, more impressionistic approach to describing things.

which brings me to my next tip; steal things from real languages! i’m fascinated by the concept of kennings in old norse and old english poetry so i borrowed that kind of poetic construction and incorporated it into saporian in how descriptive phrases or words are utilized in the language: kenning-esque epithets for the ternary gods are common, like cresilinar (flower-maker) for zhan tiri, and there are words that are similarly oblique terms for mundane objects as well.

consider what culturally significant things might have an impact on the vocabulary. saporians worship zhan tiri and have at least a dozen different words for “tree.” consider also what words they might have that aren’t translatable: choimghē is a saporian word whose approximate meaning is “cusp” or “threshold” but it actually means like…the pursuit of balance, the yearning for the sublime and love for the profane, the primal need to dissolve the intrinsic tension between the magical and the mundane. or to use another pair of (much less developed) bitter snow conlangs: the vodnikian language of hvassish has the word qasz which is typical translated as “depth” but is actually an emotion: the feeling of black water and crushing pressure, sort of awe and dread and loneliness and intrigue all rolled into one. and lorbish has lörchkrawünschen, whose closest translation is something like “give-and-take” and is related to the lorbish understanding of “ownership” which is that nothing is truly owned; you just have something until it is taken away from you either by someone else or by natural circumstances beyond your control or because you no longer want or need it and choose to let it go.

coming up with these sorts of words is fun and a good worldbuilding exercise because it forces you to think outside the box: what kind of phenomena or feelings or perspectives might this culture value that your own does not, and how might they give a name to that? how would this word be translated? how would a speaker of this language struggle to convey this concept in a language that has no word for it? go nuts.

lastly: figure out the things that drive non-native speakers crazy when they’re trying to learn. are there like a million noun cases? is it an agglutinative language? does it have rare phonemes that are difficult for non-native speakers to articulate? (saporian has z,ź,zh and s,ś,sh all of which are very similar sounds that can be hard for non-native speakers to distinguish—and gender meaning is encoded in z/ź/ś/zh so the stakes are pretty high if you fuck up and accidentally imply someone is an “it” by using zh when you meant ź or ś). this is fun for flavor, especially if you have a character who is trying to learn a language that is very different from their native tongue. and it is also pretty good for creating a sense of naturalism: even very superficially similar languages can have differences that might trip a non-native speaker up, and then you can get languages that are geographically close but developed in very different ways like say, irish vs english.

[hd-learns-korean]

Study Problems #1 When you forget your native grammar!

Well I’m having a mini study crisis at the moment and I’m wondering if anybody else has experienced a similar thing?

I’m trying to create sample sentences for my Musical Monday post and my brain is not co-operating at all! I’m trying to use conjugated words in a sentence and when I see the English translation I’m astounded at how bad it sounds! 😮😹

I know Korean has a different sentence/ grammar construction but when I translate it back into English it’s sooooo not the sentence I was trying to create! 

I’m reading things back going ‘Is this even English? Is this a word?’ If it doesn’t make sense in English how the hell is it going to make sense in Korean!  I feel like a malfunctioning laptop after somebody poured cola on it. 

Has anyone else hit this part of learning a new language, where you know enough vocab and a little grammar to start making sentences in your chosen language, but in your native language it makes ZERO sense? 

 I think I’m going to have a small break from studying, have a large coffee and then see if my brain will hit reboot! Dear god I need a coffee right now! 😂  

#studyblr #langblr #korean studyblr #study problems #korean study blog #grammar #I've hit a study wall! #is this even a word anymore?

[failedthetopikexam]

My Korean study resources [2020 Q1]

People were asking me what I’m using right now to self-study seeing as I’ve stopped taking lessons. I have to admit - its really really difficult to keep motivated actually but switching up resources keeps things fresh so I can continue being happy like my kid Felix [KEEP READING]

Book

Some of you know that I moved from London to the Philippines this year and couldn’t take much of my stuff with me so I ditched all my books in my house and I’m only working off one book right now

Intermediate Korean: A Grammar and Workbook by Andrew Sangpil Byon [LINK HERE]

Online learning resources

Talk To Me In Korean (TTMIK) Basic courses - working through from beginning to end to revise my grammar - I just finished Level 1 - even though their level test says I’m Level 6, there was still stuff I didn’t know in Level 1 LMAO

TTMIK videos - whenever I’m looking for an explanation, they usually have it on YouTube. They also just released a channel that’s 100% in Korean [LINK HERE]

TTMIK Friday lessons - they do a free live lesson on a Friday at 12PM KST on Instagram live and YouTube live - I could never watch it in England, but I’m in the right time zone now

Quizlet - I’m studying the study sets for TOPIK I and TOPIK II to increase my vocabulary - I do 5 minutes of learning a day and then try to make sentences from the words I don’t know. [Links here: TOPIK I, TOPIK II - there are actually a lot of sets here so go look - also trust your instinct, some words might be spelled wrong]

[I stopped using Nuri Sejong - King Sejong Institute website and switched to TTMIK, because the Sejong interface is so clunky I can’t navigate it very well so it was stressing me out more]

Chat and study group

HelloTalk - this is the only chat app I use because I’m scared of other apps. It’s pretty good - I like how you can correct people’s posts constructively and they can correct you in return - people are really helpful. There is also a voice and video call function. I’ve also made a lifelong friend on there who I met up with in Korea last month :)

Reading and translation

NAVER webtoons - easy vocabulary - interesting stories

Beelinguapp - I’m reading children’s books on here in Korean - it’s still really difficult.....

Newspaper and magazine articles - whenever I see a Korean newspaper I will pick it up, cut an interesting article out and stick it in my book (lol my book is full of NCT and EXO clippings) then do a translation, listing my new vocab and grammar on the side for revision later

Listening and watching

KDRAMA - enough said. I try to actually use my ears these days and write down words I catch or useful phrases. Sometimes I switch from English subs to Korean subs to get the spelling before switching back

Variety shows - by now you probably know that I’m a KPop stan, so I watch a lot of variety shows - for the past few years I’ve been watching them with a notebook in hand and write down words and phrases - it takes me 4 times as long to get through a clip/episode but I’ve learned so many natural AND useful phrases. This is probably my best resource

TTMIK Listening practice using Real Life Conversations listening files and IYAGI (you can find these on Google Podcasts)

Additional resources I want eventually:

Your First Hanja Guide - TTMIK [LINK HERE] - I know, I know... you don’t need Hanja really... but, whenever I study with my friend who speaks Mandarin and Cantonese, he groups similar words based on the root Chinese character and I’m always like THIS MAKES SO MUCH SENSE

News in Korean - TTMIK [LINK HERE] - to improve my reading

OKAY I’m not a TTMIK fangirl or anything - what happened was I rejected TTMIK for years because I was using Sogang books and I didn’t want to get confused and I didn’t know if TTMIK was any good back then. Now I realise that Hyunwoo and the gang actually explain stuff REALLY well and their resources are top quality and easy to understand, so in the past year I’ve had a transformation and have moved my learning to TTMIK curriculum. I’m still not a premium member yet, but maybe some day.... anyway I own a load of their books.

#study resources #personal #korean language #korean #korean studyblr #korean study blog #language #language study #langblog #language stuff #studystudystudy #study motivation #studyblr #langblr #resources #artist: stray kids #album: clé: levanter #rating: 4

[leafinthewindlanguages]

aida and aidani

I haven’t switched my mind back to studying korean yet, so I think I’ll start with some japanese grammar today and go back to the korean vocab tomorrow. My plan is to study japanese in real life and continue my korean on here but we’ll see how that goes

The difference between aida and aidani

間と間にの違い

Can be written in either kanji or hiragana ( i don’t know if one is more popular to see vs the other)

both mean: during The difference is that  間 means including the whole time being talked about, and  間に references at some point during the time being talked about, but not being specific. 

私は夏の間、ずっと北海道にいました。(during the summer i was in hokkaido) 私は夏の間に、北海道にいました。（during the summer i was in hokkaido at some point)

so we can see they have similar meanings, just a nuance is different to them. The first sentence means [all summer] they were in hokkaido while the second sentence means [at least one day or more (but not all) summer] they were in hokkaido

hope this helps

*Corrections and Constructive Criticism welcome

*information taken from the どんな時どう使う文法辞書

#日本語 #文法 #langblr #japanese #grammar

[hangukeopaeugi]

Unit 1: Lesson 2

Let’s learn Korean particules 이/가

Part I: Vocabulary

❤️verbs | 💙nouns | 💜adjectives | 🧡adverbs

나라 = country

가방 = bag/backpack 💼

창문 = window

잡지 = magazine

방 = room

냉장고 = refrigerator

개 = dog 🐕

강아지 = puppy 🐶

고양이 = cat 🐱

쥐 = rat/mouse 🐁

펜 = pen 🖊

전화기 = phone 📱

커피 = coffee ☕️

식당 = restaurant

건물 = building

텔레비전 = television 📺

미국 = USA 🇺🇸

캐나다 = Canada 🇨🇦

호텔 = hotel 🏨

학교 = school 🏫

은행 = bank 🏦

안 = inside

위 = on top

밑 = below

옆 = beside

뒤 = behind

앞 = in front

여기 = here

있다 = to be at a location

있다 = to have something

Part II: Introduction

In Lesson 1 you learned about simple Korean particule. To review, you learned that:

~는 or ~은 are used to indicate the subjective (or main person/thing) in a sentence

~를 or ~을 are used to indicate the object in a sentence

For example, in this sentence: “I ate a hamburger”

“I” is the subject of the sentence

“Hamburger” is the object

“Eat” is the verb

In this lesson, you will learn about the particules ~이/가 and specifically how it can compare with ~는/은. In all situations, ~이 is attached to nouns in which the last letter is a consonant (like ~은) and ~가 is attached to nouns in which the last letter is a vowel (like ~는). For example:

책 ends in a consonant (ㄱ), so “~이” is added: “책이”

소파 ends in a vowel (ㅏ), so “~가” is added: “소파가”

But, in what situations should we use ~이/가? Before we get to that, I would like to teach you how to use the word “있다” in sentences. Let’s get started.

Part III: 있다: To have

The word “있다” has many meanings. To a beginner of Korean, we can simplify and generalize these meanings into two forms and usages:

있다 = To have

있다 = To be at a location

Let’s talk about the first usage, “to have”. In English, “to have” is a verb that can act on an object. For example:

I have a pen

I have a car

This usage of 있다 in Korean is an adjective. This is hard for a leaner to wrap their head around. At this point, this is important to you for one reason.

You learned in Lesson 1 that sentences with adjectives can not act on a object. Thus, you can not have a word with the particule ~를/을 attached time it if the predicating word in a sentence is an adjective (because ~를/을 indicates an object in a sentence).

If this weren’t the case, we could do the following:

I have a pen

I는 pen을 있다

나는 펜을 있다 = I have a pen

However, the sentence above is incorrect. 있다 is an adjective and can not act on an object like this. Therefore, the use of ~을 on “펜” is incorrect. To get around this, we can attach ~이/가 to the object instead of ~을/를 in sentences with 있다. This is one usage of the particule ~이/가; that is, to indicate the thing that a person “has” in sentences with “있다”. Look at the following example sentences:

나는 펜이 있다 = I have a pen

나는 차가 있다 = I have a car

나는 잡지가 있다 = I have a magazine

나는 가방이 있다 = I have a bag/backpack

Again, note that ~을/를 is not used to indicate the object that a person “has”. Instead, ~이/가 are used.

Part IV: Indicating a Place or Time: ~에

In the previous lesson, you learned how to use the particules ~은/는 and ~을/를 to denote the purpose of certain word in a Korean sentence. The particle ~에 is also used to denote certain words in a sentence. Specifically, ~에 denotes place or time. When used to identify a place, it is similar to the italic words in the English sentences below:

I am at school

I went to the park

I put the sticker on the wall

I put water into the bottle

I put the baby in the crib

~에 is also used to denote the time in which something happens. This is similar to the italic words in the English sentences below:

I ate breakfast at 10:00

I will go to school on Saturday

I was born in 1990

Yes, it is possible to have ~에 used twice in a sentence. For example, the Korean translation of the sentence “I went to the park at 10:00” would have ~에 attached to the word “park” and “10:00”.

It would be too much to discuss how ~에 can be used in all of these situations in this lesson. In this lesson (just below), you will learn how to use ~에 to indicate where one is – in order to create the sentence “I am at school” from above. In later lessons, as you learn more complex words and grammar, you will see how ~에 can be used in others situations. For now, let’s focus on the sentence “I am at school”, which will require you to learn about 있다.

Part V: 있다: To be at a location

있다 can also be used to indicate that something/someone is “at a location”. In the previous section of this lesson, you learned about the particule ~에 in Korean. You learned that this particule is used to indicate place and/or time of something in a sentence. Therefore, “~에” is often used in sentences with “있다” to indicate the location of something/someone. For example:

I am at school

If we wanted to write this sentence with Korean structure and particules, we would write:

I는 school에 am at

나는 + 학교에 + 있다

나는 학교에 있다

Or

나는 캐나다에 있다

Notice the very big difference in meaning between the following sentences, and the role that particules have in each case. Because 있다 has two different meanings, changing the particules in a sentence can drastically change the meaning. For example:

나는 학교가 있다 = I have a school – this could make sense, but in most situations, you would probably want to say:

나는 학교에 있다 = I am at school

나는 잡지가 있다 = I have a magazine

나는 잡지에 있다 = I am at the magazine (this doesn’t make sense)

We can also use position words to indicate specifically where someone/something is with respect to another noun. The most common position words are:

안 = inside

위 = on top

밑 = below

옆 = beside

뒤 = behind

앞 = infront

These words are placed after a noun to indicate where an object is with respect to that noun. The particule “~에” is attached directly to the position words. For example:

학교 앞에 = in front of the school

사람 뒤에 = behind the person

집 옆에 = beside the house

저 건물 뒤에 = behind that building

The constructions can now act as the location in a sentence:

나는 학교에 있다 = I am at school

나는 학교 앞에 있다 = I am in front of the school

Let’s make some sentences:

나는 학교 뒤에 있다 = I am behind the school

나는 학교 옆에 있다 = I am beside the school

나는 은행 안에 있다 = I am inside the bank

개는 집 안에 있다 = The dog is inside the house

고양이는 의자 밑에 있다 = The cat is under the chair

식당은 은행 옆에 있다 = The restaurante is next to the bank

호텔은 학교 옆에 있다 = The hotel is next to the school

You have learned that ~이/가 can be attached to nouns in sentences to indicate the object that a person “has”. ~이/가 can also be used to indicate the subject of a sentence, similar to ~는/은. What is the difference? We will talk about this in the next section.

Part VI: ~이/가 as a Subject Marker

One of the most difficult things for a new learner of Korean to understand is the difference between the particules ~는/은 and ~이/가. Earlier in this lesson, you learned that you should use ~이/가 on the object that a person “has” when using 있다.

In addition to this, there are more functions of ~이/가 that you should know about.

In Lesson 1, you learned that you should add ~는/은 to the subject of the sentence. To use an example using the grammar taught earlier in this lesson, you could say:

고양이는 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house

In this sentence, notice that the particule ~는/은 indicates that the “cat” is the subject.

However the sentence above could also be written like this:

고양이가 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house

The two sentences could have exactly the same meaning and feeling. I emphasize “could” because in some situations the meaning of the two sentences is exactly the same, but in other situations the meaning of two sentences can be subtly different.

The reason why they could be identical:

고양이는 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house

고양이가 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house

~이/가, like ~는/은, is added to the subject of the sentence. In some situations, there is no difference in meaning or feel between adding ~이/가 or ~는/은 to subject.

The reason why they could be subtly different:

~는/은 has a role of indicating that something is being compared with something else. The noun that “~는/은” is added to is being compared. In this example:

고양이는 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house

The speaker is saying that the cat is behind the house (in comparison to something else that is not behind the house). The difficulty here is that there is only one sentence; which gives the listener no context to understand what “the cat” is being compared with. However, if I were to make up a context that fits into this situation, it could be that “The dog is in the house, and, the cat is behind the house”.

However, saying:

고양이가 집 뒤에 있다 = The cat is behind the house

...is simply stating a fact, and “the cat” is not being compared to anything.

Another example:

커피가 냉장고에 있다 = The coffee is in the refrigerator/fridge (This sentence simply stating that the coffee is in the fridge, and there is no intention of comparison)

커피는 냉장고에 있다 = The coffee is in the refrigerator/fridge (This sentence could simply be stating that the coffee is in the fridge. It is also possible that the speaker is trying to distinguish between the location of another object. For example, perhaps the tea is on the table, but the coffee is in fridge).

Okay, that’s it for today lesson! Bye

[arbitrarilymine]

Tuesday, 04.06.2019, 22:24

Liking something can be such a huge motivation. And such a big motivating factor to just learn and do things. Like -

Because I like dolls, I:

Figured out, at the age of 15, how to buy things online without a bank account or credit or debit card. (The answer is, buy through group orders, or someone else doing the order, and request to pay in cash.) But also, when I did get a bank account (and still no card), I figured out how to get paypal (properly, not the fake your age method), and how to buy things and get them shipped to me without my parents knowing (send it to a friend)

Figured out how to do faceups with online forum tutorials. Back then, photo and text explanations were the norm, video tutorials weren’t really a thing. But anyway, a totally new skill picked up. It’s helpful to have drawn alot before this, but still, pastel and painting were new grounds for me.

Figured out what a respirator is, why it matters, and how to use it properly

Figured out a way to manage my expenses (done on excel) even though back then it was just doll related

Figured out how to sew because I didn’t have the money to buy them clothes. Figured out how to make patterns even though I’m still not really sure how to do it. Also learnt how to use the sewing machine from my mum though I’m not that good at it.

Figured out how to sand and mod a doll. Sanding from rough to smooth grit, what to use, how to sand with water so I don’t get so much dust

Figured out how to remove faceups using isopropyl alcohol and acetone, and where to find such stuff in Singapore

Learnt how to take photos, decided to learn more using a DSLR

Figured out how to use photoshop to edit photos and the effects in it way before I did started doing Architecture

Started making videos on youtube because I wanted more doll videos

Figured out how to cut wigs, furwigs and fibre wigs alike, to make the hairstyles I wanted my OCs to have

Figured out how to make costume jewelry for dolls, with simple tools bought off the shelf

Because I like Kpop (Infinite, Monsta X, Block B, Exo...), I:

Figured out how to make gifs in one day using online tutorials (already had photoshop skills then, which helped)

Started writing fanfic and now I have 4 years of fanfic written (a total 82 works, 453491 words published online, and there’s more in my drafts)

Through fanfic, learnt how to make stories that are appealing, did alot of research on tropes, different genres of story, different ways of story telling (kishotenketsu aka plot without conflict, which is different from the usual western way of plot with a distinct conflict etc). I figured out that I like slice of life alot for it’s mundane-ness, but also vampire fics alot. And that any sort of relationship with imbalances in power dynamics is not my jam. What I like and what I like to read have similarities but don’t overlap exactly. I also learn what polyamorous relationships are and generally a lot of lgbtq+ relationship dynamics and things that I don’t really get in traditional media

Made a ficfest with two online (Singaporean) fans for Infinite to encourage people to write more fics. Sure, we weren’t very successful but we tried really hard and we did this for almost a year, got a few authors to write a few stories, and we ourselves made over 50 moodboards for inspiration

Started looking at exercise as something positive, like, if the people I like enjoy exercising so much, and talk about its benefits, maybe there’s something in it for me. The biggest inspiration was Wonho who went from scrawny kid to buff dude but like, still remained really kind-hearted and soft and just, this whole combination wasn’t something I really learned to value from the way I was brought up, but it was an attitude I really admire regardless. And I learnt that I have the capacity to be moved by things like this, and to also adjust the biases or inherent assumptions I have

Did alot of research on BDSM and kinks and a lot of non-traditional things that I think I was always interested to know about and felt okay about actually reading up and knowing and writing and reading and discussing such things in a community of writers who did similar stuff. And realised there’s so much more in the dynamics behind these kinks, why people have them, how people can engage in them safely, what are safe practices and good practices, and just, having that knowledge also brings with it a better awareness of how similar power dynamics affect normal (unkinky) relationships

In a similar train of thought, to reserve judgement when I see people write or know or whatever certain things, because you can know something, write it, but not necessarily be agreeble to it (that’s why warning tags agree. It conveys self-awareness without telling the writer, no, you can’t write about this touchy taboo topic)

Learnt how to think horizontally when writing fics

Learnt how to get a beta to read my fics, or even why test readers (and cheerleaders) are important in a project like writing a fic. It’s my name on that fic but it’s with the help of alot of people sometimes, and that’s also why community matters

Thought about fandom, private spaces in online spheres and also constructive critique and non-constructive criticism and feedback on creative work

Read up on copyright laws, both for image use for moodboards, fanart and fanfic rights and ownership and whether one can make money off of it

Because I liked piercings, I:

Did research on how to get them safely, so so much research. From videos, from articles. Trying to figure out what’s credible, what’s not

Got piercings, also realised how biased I can be when someone has piercings. It’s a positive bias and completely groundless, like I see someone with piercings, it’s like +2 impression points or something, like I don’t know why. But it’s definitely something I should be aware of because of how seemingly groundless it is

Because I like unnaturally coloured hair, I:

Learnt how to bleach my hair with youtube tutorials and articles and learnt the dangers of doing so before I did it

Learnt how to dye my hair myself, how to transition between shades of cool and warm colours

Experimented and figured out the rest by actually dyeing my hair, enlisting the help of dorm mates

Learnt that purple is a colour that never shows up on my hair, maybe unless I bleach my hair to almost white

Learnt that I am/behave like a slightly different person with a different hair colour, and that such things affect not just my mood but how I perceive myself. And unnatural hair colours make me feel fun, but more importantly, that I can have them means I have time for myself (to dye my hair and to maintain it), and that kind of mindset is something I miss right now with my natural hair colour

Learnt that I am more open to change and okay with people talking about my hair than I thought, and that it’s fun to keep changing, but also maybe necessary for my psyche, to avoid feeling stagnant and boring

Because I like Peppertones, I:

Set up a tumblr and a blog for them in a day (helped that I’ve had a blogspot and tumblr account for ages before for other things)

Figured out a way to translate Korean songs to English even though my Korean is really really really basic. Like I can read Hangul, I can understand some words, but I can’t really write properly sentences by myself. But despite this, I wanted to know what their song lyrics are so much that I figured that I can use my ability to check a dictionary, my ability to read Chinese (so many things have Chinese translations compared to English), my cross referencing skills, and my Sec 2 literature inference skills to translate their songs despite my language incompetency. And so far I’ve modified 2.5 songs (i.e. added onto existing English translations to make it more accurate) and properly translated 1.5 songs with Chinese lyrics for reference. And there’s more songs in my drafts.

Figured out how to navigate Naver with mostly ctrl-c and ctrl-v of keywords

Compiled playlists of their live performances by individual songs, and created masterlists of their appearances and performances

Looked into Search Engine Optimisation to see how my peppertones blog can be more searchable for people like me who wanted translations of their songs, realising that blogspot is way more indexable than tumblr and finally understanding after so many years why my blogspot doll blog would show up on google image searches while my tumblr never really did

What I’m saying is, like things. Love things. Let your heart do what it wants. And then let these serve as your spark, your driver, and your direction (if for a little while). Let them inspire you, let them bring you to action, and let them remind you a little of why life is worth living. So much of this is not necessarily apparent at first glance because a lot of times, what we like may seem so trivial and trite and pointless, but the energy it offers can be so much more. I’ve learnt and picked up so many things along the way because I liked something so much that I HAD to learn something to do what I wanted to, and I cobbled my way to learning it with whatever available skills I have, and to research the heck out of whatever I didn’t know. And that is such a valuable lesson. 

I got a bit caught up in the details while listing some of the things above, but I just wanted to write down what I could before I forget. Obviously if we want to assess, some of these skills are probably more valuable than others. But the point is, all these are things and skills and abilities and learning experiences that can be picked up, and built upon, and they don’t exist in isolation. And maybe the tiny pieces don’t make particularly good sense at this moment, nor do they seem particularly useful, but like leaves falling, over time they’ll make a pile, and if you like something enough, that’s going to be a big pile of leaves, and it’s up to you what you want to do with that.

Me? I’m going to make a bed to lie on with that pile of leaves with my mediocre sewing skills and listen to all the songs I like.