#the first version of this compilation has 2 300+ notes

[saintseiya-zone]

We’re happy to announce the next SSZ Zine!

The theme will be autumn-oriented and you can collaborate with fanarts, fanfics, photos and cosplays. Stay updated by joining our Discord!

Sign-up timeframe: 1-15/Aug/2023 (extraordinary sign-up 16-23/Aug 23:59 UTC -6, Costa Rica time)

Sign-up form: here

Taken Character list: here

Deadline: 22/Oct/2023 23:59 UTC -6 (Costa Rica time)

Description (in text) and FAQ under the cut

[About the Zine]

Description: Autumn is coming, and with it, spookiness is rising. Imagine your favourite Saint Seiya characters in autumn-themed scenes from around the world!

Participation: You will submit one (1) original, new fanwork (older/already published work is not accepted) to be compiled into a zine. Please do not share your final work until the zine has been properly published by SSZ (you may, however, share WIPs, previews, and/or close-ups as you work on it)

Type: The final compilation of all fanworks will be a free, digital PDF file (no physical versions will be made, no money will be earned or paid)

Character: restricted to one (1) character to be the main focus of the fanwork submitted (for fics: 1-2 characters)

The Taken Character List will be updated daily at 19:00 UTC -6 (Costa Rica time) until the sign-up period is concluded. We appreciate your patience while this occurs. Once you are added to the list and your character is confirmed, you may start working on your submission.

** Please note this zine does not review/approve/reject sign-ups, everyone is welcome to take part in the activity as long as they sign up and follow guidelines. If there are any issues, we'll get back to you.

Deadline: 22/Oct/2023 23:59 UTC -6 (Costa Rica time). Fanworks submitted after this will not be included (this is non-negotiable). However, if you are facing challenges with your submission, let the staff know ASAP.

Submission: Send via email to [email protected]. The email subject should be "Saint Seiya in Autumn Zine, [Creator], [character/fic name]", and the file name should be:

Visuals: [Character name] - [Creator]

Fics: [Creator] - [Fic title]. Writers, please also include a 400x400 px image you want us to use in the credits page

Examples: 

Email Subject: Saint Seiya in Autumn Zine, El Cadejos, Alioth Fenrir 

Fic file: Zeuse - “Encallar”

[About the Submissions]

Art/Photography Canvas size: 300 dpi, JPEG 

2480 x 3508 px (portrait orientation) OR

3508 x 4960 px (landscape orientation)

Fics: docx file, prose, it doesn't have to be in English. You must include a title (please keep it short), but it won’t be considered towards final count

4 OR 6 full pages in total as exact as possible, Arial font, 11 pt, single space

Margins: 1 in (each)

Paper size: Letter (8.5 in x11 in)

There must be spaces between your paragraphs 

Allowed:

Age reinterpretation (e.g., an adult character as a child)

Alternative Universes

Other applicable characters (including OC), please check FAQ

Not allowed:

AI-generated content of any kind

NSFW/Explicit content (contact staff for case-by-case reviews)

Non-official genderbends

Crossovers with non-StS series

[Frequently Asked Questions]

May I draw whichever character I want? As the purpose of this zine is to include as many characters from the Saint Seiya universe as possible to bring variety into the final product, submission types have the following limitations:

Fanarts: 1 main character per submission (restricted ✪)

Fics: focus on 1-2 main characters per submission (not restricted)

Cosplays: 1 main character per submission (not restricted)

Merch Photographs: 1 main character per submission (not restricted)

Before filling out the sign-up form, check the Taken Character list. For fanarts, you'll input 5 different options, from your top choice to least. Your final selection will be made visible later that day. This is on a First Come, First Served basis.

✪ This means there will be only 1 fanart per character, no duplicates

May I include more than one character in my submission? Yes, as long as there is a clear hierarchy where your chosen character is the main focus. Original Characters (OCs) may also be included in the background as long as they follow this guideline. There is no problem if those secondary characters are already taken, or if the mix of characters would not make sense in the official material (for example, Sasha interacting with Hilda).

May I use spinoff characters? Sure! All characters officially included in the Saint Seiya universe are applicable (except those without an official visual design, like Chronos). Please note that even though there are characters with different versions across the franchise [ex: Aiolia], they are not counted as different options for the Zine, so if said character is already taken, no other version of them will be available. The only exceptions to this rule are Milo (Legend of Sanctuary) and Shaun (Knights of the Zodiac).

I changed my mind about the character I chose, and the new one is still available. Can I switch? To prevent confusion and misunderstandings, all character selections are final and cannot be changed/traded.

Can I switch from one contribution type to another (e.g., fanart to fic) after I signed up? To prevent confusion and misunderstandings, all contribution type selections are final.

Am I allowed to change certain aspects of a character’s official design? It depends on the aspect, and should be reviewed case-by-case.

Example 1: as a Latin American, Io could differ in skin tone to the one seen on the official materials. However, characters like Hagen and Aldebaran, who have darker skin tones, should not be given lighter tones.

Example 2: if due to a personal headcanon, you believe a character has a certain scar or marking that is not seen in official materials, it can be included, but once again, please reach out to Staff for a case-by-case review.

What qualifies as "autumn-themed"? This season is experienced differently all around the world, which is why the theme is broad on purpose. Any activity, scenery, meal, clothing, and celebration that is typical of this season is applicable. That includes (but is not limited to) All Hallow's Eve, Día de Muertos, Thanksgiving, Diwali, leaf color change viewing, and more.

What is the difference between an Alternate Universe [AU] and a Crossover? Some AU use popular tropes as a base, while a Crossover uses an already existing material as base.

Examples:

Popular tropes for an AU: magic school, space fantasy/sci-fi

Existing material: Twisted Wonderland, Mass Effect [games], Little Witch Academia, Star Trek [series], Heralds of Valdemar, Dune [books]

So making a fanwork of the general "Saint Seiya × Magic School" or “Saint Seiya x space fantasy/sci-fi” concepts is an AU, but "Saint Seiya × Twisted Wonderland" or “Saint Seiya x Star Trek” are considered a crossover. In essence, heavy references to other existing fandoms are not allowed. Could you please elaborate on what is/isn’t considered Not Safe For Work (NSFW)? If it is not appropriate for a general, non-specialized office work environment, then it is not accepted.

Examples: ✅ blood depictions/mentions of it ❌ graphic/detailed gore, mutilation, or body horror  ✅ sensual themes (e.g., pin up) ❌ sexual themes (including, but not limited to: genitalia, specifically erotic gestures like blowjob, etc.) 

May I submit more than one work?  If, after the sign-up period is over, you would like to collaborate with a second submission, reach out to us. You may send different submission types if you want (e.g., 1 fanart and 1 fic). Please bear in mind the second character must still be available for you to take.

The sign-up timeframe already passed. Can I still join? The extraordinary period is 16-23/Aug. Please check the Taken Character List first to ensure the one you want is available, fill out the form, and contact staff (El Cadejos, Zeuse) so we can add you to the list. After this extraordinary period, sign-up will be officially closed.

May I include a watermark on my submission? Yes, we encourage you to submit already watermarked fanworks to the zine.

I’m a writer! What is an acceptable image for the credits page? You can send an official StS work, fanarts (as long as it is made by you, gifted to you, or commissioned by you), or a picrew-generated image (as long as the picrew allows that use)

What are check-ins? Do I need to send something?  Nope. Our check-ins act as reminders only, so you know exactly how much time you have left to send your submission.

I’m unable to complete my submission and would like to withdraw. Is that okay? Yes, you can withdraw at any time, for any reason (you don’t need to explain). Please just let us know in advance.

#saint seiya #SSZ Autumn Zine #ssz

[greysfriendly]

Valve hammer editor 3.5 download

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#Valve hammer editor 3.5 download code#

Lifesteal increased from 15% to 20% on heroes.Lifesteal now affects creeps by 50% of its value.Unholy Rage Bonus Lifesteal decreased from 150% to 145% (it's still 175% Lifesteal in total when activated).Lifesteal increased from 25% to 30% on heroes.Burn miss chance increased from 10% to 15%.Insight Aura magic resistance increased from 12% to 15%.Nullify cooldown decreased from 11s to 10s.Lifesteal now affects creeps by 50% of its value (9%).Lifesteal increased from 15% to 18% on heroes.Recipe cost decreased from 900 to 800 (total cost decreased from 1875 to 1775).Lifesteal now affects creeps by 50% of its value (12%).Lifesteal increased from 20% to 24% on heroes.Magic Resistance increased from 20% to 25%.Lifesteal now affects creeps by 50% of its value (10%).Lifesteal increased from 18% to 20% on heroes.When used on a Neutral Creep, will secure a Neutral Item drop if any is available.Active healing increased from 300 to 350.Recipe cost increased by 50 (Total cost decreased from 5100 to 5050).Magic Resistance increased from 15% to 20%.Now purges first, then applies Cyclone modifier.Attack Range increased from +140 to +150.Now requires Blade of Alacrity, Belt of Strength, 450g Recipe (same total cost).Active Spell Lifesteal multiplier increased from 2 to 2.5.Recipe cost decreased from 900 to 700 (total cost decreased from 4600 to 4400).Ancients Backdoor protection HP Regen increased from 90hp/s to 180hp/s.Passive Gold per minute decreased by 15%.Fountain Invulnerability now applies on respawn regardless of whether there's an enemy hero nearby.(i.e: once after the first Tier 1 falls, once after the first Tier 2 falls, and once after the first Tier 3 falls) Glyph of Fortification is now refreshed whenever the first tower of each tier falls for that team.Outpost base teleport channel time increased from 5s to 6s.Reworked the trees around Dire main jungle's rightmost medium camp.Moved Bounty Rune further away from the river (to adjust for the ramp being deeper).Moved Dire outpost further away from the river (to adjust for the ramp being deeper).Dire ramp is now deeper within the jungle (same position as before, but there's less high ground near roshan).Does not grant gold on deny and cannot be denied by hero abilities, e.g Demonic Conversion. Killing an enemy Flagbearer will grant you and each allied hero within 1200 radius bonus gold equal to 100% of a Melee Creep's bounty. It has 40% magic resistance and an Inspiration Aura, which gives +3 Health Regen to all allies within a 700 range. Starting at minute 2 one of the melee creeps in every second creepwave is replaced by a Flagbearer. Rescaled Streak Experience from x^2 - x + 8 to 1.25x^2 - 2.5x + 10.

#Valve hammer editor 3.5 download Patch#

One of the most significant changes to items in DOTA 2 is Black King Bar's mana cost.ĭOTA 2 patch 7.32 official notes General Updates

#Valve hammer editor 3.5 download code#

hlcsg 3.4 SSE 2 V2.0 (Mar 29 2009) Zoner's Half-Life Compilation Tools - Custom Build Based on code modifications by Sean 'Zoner' Cavanaugh Based on Valve's version, modified with permission.Other nifty changes include Doom's reworked Scepter, which allows him to self-cast the ability and affect enemies around him, and Enigma's reworked Scepter, which allows Black Hole to pull enemies in the 1200 AOE and deal damage equivalent to 3.5% max health.ĭOTA 2 patch 7.32 also sees the addition of new neutral items across the tiers, and the removal of a number of them from the existing collection.

#Valve hammer editor 3.5 download

[fierymcmehoard]

The ultimate affectionate gestures compilation ( version 2.0, improved and slightly extended )

Send one of the following prompts for my muse to reach out affectionately to yours!

Feel free to combine them ( example: send [ brush ] + [ push ] for my muse to brush the loose strand of your muse’s hair our of their face and then push it behind your muse’s ear ), reverse them ( example: send [ reverse + caress ] for your muse to caress my muse’s cheek ) and/or add details.

[ tilt ] - for receiver to tilt sender’s chin gently to prompt them to make eye contact with receiver

[ curl ] - for receiver to curl their fingers under sender's chin while resting a thumb on their cheek, not quite tilting but just... holding

[ cup ] - for receiver to cup sender’s face with their hand/s

[ caress ] - for receiver to caress sender’s cheek

[ place ] - for receiver to place their hand over sender’s hand where it’s placed on receiver’s cheek

[ boop ] - for receiver to boop sender on the nose

[ nose rub ] - for receiver to brush their nose against sender’s nose

[ nose ] - for receiver to kiss sender on the nose

[ palm ] - for receiver to kiss sender on the palm

[ back ] - for receiver to kiss sender on the back of a hand

[ knuckles ] - for receiver to kiss sender’s knuckles

[ shoulder ] - for receiver to place a kiss on sender's shoulder / shoulder blade

[ nape ] - for receiver to place a kiss on the nape of sender's neck

[ jaw ] - for receiver to place leisurely kisses along sender's jaw

[ cheek ] - for receiver to kiss sender on the cheek

[ lips ] - for receiver to kiss sender softly on the lips

[ forehead ] - for receiver to kiss sender on the forehead

[ lean ] - for receiver to lean in and press their forehead against sender’s forehead

[ pepper ] - for receiver to pepper sender’s face with kisses

[ eyes ] - for receiver to kiss sender’s closed eyelids

[ tears ] - for receiver to kiss away sender’s tears

[ wipe ] - for receiver to wipe away sender’s tears

[ gaze ] - for receiver to gaze into sender’s eyes

[ roll ] - for receiver to roll their eyes affectionately at sender

[ scalp ] - for receiver to massage sender’s head

[ pat ] - for receiver to pat sender’s head

[ brush ] - for receiver to brush the hair out of sender’s face / eyes / forehead

[ push ] - for receiver to push the loose strand of sender’s hair behind your muse’s ear

[ top ] - for receiver to kiss sender on the top of their head and then rest their cheek against it while holding sender close

[ chin ] - for receiver to settle their chin on the top of sender’s head while holding them close

[ hair ] - for receiver to place lots of short, sweet, messy little kisses on the crown of sender’s hair

[ run ] - for receiver to run their fingers through sender’s hair

[ stroke ] - for receiver to stroke sender's hair / head

[ twirl ] - for receiver to twirl a strand of sender’s hair around their finger

[ hand ] - for receiver to place their hand on sender’s shoulder / neck as a way of supporting / comforting / reassuring them that receiver is there for them

[ wrap ] - for receiver to wrap their arm around sender’s shoulders

[ massage ] - for receiver to massage sender’s shoulders and/or neck

[ soothe ] - for receiver to rub sender’s shoulders soothingly

[ rub ] - for receiver to rub sender’s back

[ body ] - for receiver to give sender a full-body massage

[ snuggle ] - for receiver to snuggle to sender’s side

[ waist ] - for receiver to wrap their arm around sender's waist

[ support ] - for receiver to support sender with an arm around their waist / shoulders and/or pull sender's arm across receiver's shoulders to better support their weight

[ catch ] - for receiver to catch sender as they stumble or collapse from exhaustion / sickness / injuries

[ lift ] - for receiver to lift sender up in their arms

[ shield ] - for receiver to shield sender from a threat, be it a person or a force of nature

[ tackle ] - for receiver to tackle sender, playfully or to shield from danger

[ come here ] - for receiver to gently pull sender towards them for a hug or a dance

[ behind ] - for receiver to hug sender from behind

[ rest ] - for receiver to hug sender from behind and rest their cheek against sender’s back / shoulder

[ rock ] - for receiver to hold sender and rock gently from side to side

[ tuck ] - for receiver to tuck sender against their chest, covering them with their jacket / coat fronts, in order to keep them warm / safe from rain

[ head ] - for receiver to rest their head on sender’s shoulder

[ sit ] - for receiver to settle down on sender's lap

[ lap ] - for receiver to place their head upon sender’s lap

[ guide ] - for receiver to guide sender to place their head upon receiver’s lap

[ hide ] - for receiver to guide sender to hide their face in receiver’s chest

[ heartbeat ] - for receiver to place their head upon sender’s chest, right over their heart, to listen to its beat

[ listen ] - for receiver to guide sender to rest their head upon receiver's chest, right over their heart, so they can listen to its beat

[ help ] - for receiver to give sender a hand when they’re stepping up or over something

[ touch ] - for receiver to touch the back of their hand to the back of sender’s hand as if inviting to hold hands

[ thumb ] - for receiver to run their thumb over sender’s thumb while holding hands

[ hold ] - for receiver to hold sender’s hand and interlace their fingers

[ squeeze ] - for receiver to squeeze sender’s hand

[ fingers ] - for receiver to play with sender’s fingers absent-mindedly

[ shapes ] - for receiver to trace imaginary shapes on sender’s skin

[ cover ] - for receiver to cover sender with a blanket / jacket / coat as they’re lying down

[ drape ] - for receiver to drape a blanket / jacket / coat around sender’s shoulders

[ comb ] - for receive to brush sender’s hair

[ braid ] - for receiver to braid sender’s hair

[ nails ] - for receiver to tidy sender’s nails and/or do a manicure

[ makeup ] - for receiver to help sender put on their makeup

[ jewelry ] - for receiver to help sender put on a piece of jewelry

[ tie ] - for receiver to help sender do their tie

[ smooth ] - for receiver to straighten sender’s collar / lapel / brush a hand over sender’s clothes to smooth them out

[ zip ] - for receiver to help sender zip their dress / jacket / button their clothes

[ dress ] - for receiver to help sender put on an item of clothing

[ cook ] - for receiver to cook something for sender

[ feed ] - for receiver to feed sender

[ drink ] - for receiver to help sender drink

[ cocktail ] - for receiver to make a cocktail for sender

[ pour ] - for receiver to pour sender a drink

[ bath ] - for receiver to draw a warm bath for sender

[ water ] - for receiver to join sender in the bath

[ wash ] - for receiver to help sender with washing their hair / body

[ swim ] - for receiver to invite sender to swim with them

[ beckon ] - for receiver to beckon sender towards them

[ whisper ] - for receiver to whisper something in sender's ear

[ tickle ] - for receiver to tickle sender

[ cheer ] - for receiver to try to cheer sender up

[ faces ] - for receiver to make funny faces at sender

[ shove ] - for receiver to playfully shove sender

[ pull ] - for receiver to pull sender down to sit on receiver’s lap

[ bed ] - for receiver to push or pull sender back on the bed when they try to get up

[ cloth ] - for receiver to bath sender’s face / neck with a cloth soaked in cool water

[ patch ] - for receiver to patch up sender's wound/s

[ pain ] - for receiver to kiss sender where it hurts to soothe their pain

[ trace ] - for receiver to trace sender’s scar/s with the softest press of their fingertips

[ ask ] - for receiver to ask sender about their scar/s

[ scar ] - for receiver to kiss sender’s scar/s

#rp meme #inbox meme #ask meme #fluff meme #soft meme #ship meme #can be? #domestic meme #h/c meme #hurt comfort meme #can be ? #word meme #action meme #situation meme #gesture meme #touch meme #my meme #the first version of this compilation has 2 300+ notes #which is honestly more than a little surprising for me #because I never anticipated it to get this popular #but since y'all seem to like it #I've decided to make it - hopefully - a little more comfortable to use by utilizing the terms 'receiver' and 'sender' #and added some new actions / gestures / scenarios #hope you will like it)

[idrellegames]

Wayfarer Update 2020-11-15

Hi friends, 

I released a general content update for Wayfarer today that fixes all of the past week’s reported bugs. The most notable one is missing content during the Kane fight. Previously, if you reached the timed choice option and selected “Get out of the way, but let go of Kane” you were taken to a blank passage and couldn’t proceed with the game. I somehow missed writing the content for this option entirely; that is now fixed.

You can read about the other updates/fixes/known issues in my devlog notes here.

Moving forwards I’m not going to be updating fixes quite as frequently unless it’s something major. I am focusing on getting the next batch of content finished (starting with completing Route A). But please do keep submitting bug reports, they help me out a lot!

I have a few issues I’m struggling with in regards to the Twine engine. I’ll go over them in detail under the cut since they’re not really game/story relevant and have more to do with problems within the Twine 2 application. May be of interest if you are also developing a game with Twine:

As the project gets larger, the Twine editor is slowing down considerably. At the moment I’m noticing a split second lag between typing input and when the characters appear on the screen.  

I’ve done some reading and the Twine editor UI lag has been a problem across all versions of Twine for large projects, regardless of story format. It is related to the amount of passages in a story file, not the word count of the game itself. I’ve seen a few game writers on Reddit report that once they pass 400-500 passages in a story, the UI slows to a crawl. This doesn’t impact the game when it is played, but is a hindrance and annoyance for game writers when they’re editing. 

I already write Wayfarer’s content in Word and code the more complicated parts in Notepad++, then copy/paste over, so it is still workable but it makes editing/adding changes a bit of a hassle. And I am concerned that the lag is only going to get worse as Wayfarer grows. I’m not even out of the first chapter yet and I already have over 300 passages. I’m going to try to condense the number down by combining linear passages using the switch function (you’ll hit Continue and it will look like it moves on to a new passage, but the text is actually still within the same passage). 

There are a few recommended workarounds that I will likely try in the future, when I have the mental capacity for learning another new thing (the amount of CSS tutorials I am reading right now is taking up most of my mental energy):

Write each chapter as a separate story file and then combine it with grunt-entwine, which is a Grunt plugin that allows you to merge multiple Twine stories. Need to do more reading about how that works exactly. 

Switch to writing in TweeGo and write/code the game in a text editor using Twee Notation and then compile it later. I am hesitant to try this because I playtest as I code and this way would make playtesting an absolute nightmare.

Again, this isn’t going to impact the game’s playability, only the development side. Twine games can slow down if you use too many embedded images or set too many variables, but it looks like it needs an exorbitant amount of those things for it to be truly affected. I am going to start using temp variables where I can and unset any variables I am finished with at the end of a chapter, just in case.

My backup to this backup is to split Wayfarer into three games (one for each act) and just accept the laggy editor.

#dev log #wayfarer if #twine #twine game #interactive fiction #interactive novel #tbh the editor problems are stressing me out and make my brain hurt #the lag isn't THAT bad but i know it's going to get worse #wayfarer game

[douchebagbrainwaves]

OK, I'LL TELL YOU YOU ABOUT LANGUAGES

Surely that's mere prudence? Good ones, anyway. Where is the man bites dog in that?1 If you can't find an actual quote to disagree with the author's tone. I can usually be found sitting in a corner somewhere with a copy of the server software running on your laptop. Refutation. Talk slowly and clearly at the audience. When so much time that it was too late to change. I'm a fairly skeptical person, and their tricks worked on me well into my thirties.2 He had all of us roaring with laughter.

A name only has one point of attachment into your head. The first was called Traf-o-data.3 It made them hate working for the acquirer. I assume it's infinite.4 Half the time I'm sitting drinking a cup of tea, or walking around the neighborhood. Never say we're passionate or our product is great. I think, is going to have to deal with stuff like patents and investors.

2 of our software, or we're never going to make my life noticeably better? I definitely didn't prefer it when the grass was long after a week of rain.5 5% an offer of 6. Having your language designed by a committee for a mainstream audience, hyped to the skies, and beloved of the DoD, happens nonetheless to be a comeuppance for the west coast has just pulled further ahead. From what little I know about Java, there seem to be a place to work. Sun runs into trouble, they could release changes instantly. Amateur was originally rather a complimentary word. The problem is, people who propose new checks almost never consider that the check itself has a cost. In this case, working code means a working description in the investor's head. When you have actual first class functions. And, like Microsoft, they're losing.6 Over and over, I've seen startups we've funded snatched by west coast investors, not so much that they lack the appetite for work, but that it will make the people who run them.7

Technology companies made money by selling their software to be good for writing server-based software you can use any language you want. It may turn out to be a good language, it will go in one investor ear and out the other. A friend of mine cured herself of a clothes buying habit by asking herself before she bought anything Am I going to wear this all the time. My guess and Microsoft's guess, it seems is that much of it is unconscious. Every thing you own takes energy away from you. But a discussion today about a battle that included citizens of one or more of the countries involved would probably degenerate into a political argument. A DH6 response could still be completely mistaken.

If employees have to be over some threshold of expertise to post comments about that.8 I can imagine an advocate of best practices saying these ought to be considered from the start. The method of ensuring quality is also the same: Darwinian. I think that would work for any kind of special training. Smart investors can see past such superficial flaws. Language designers, or at least language implementors, like to write compilers that generate fast code. Well, that's news to no one. Most people don't really enjoy being mean; they do it for free. The presentations on Rehearsal Day are often pretty rough. So I think efficiency will matter, at least the harvest of reading is not so much; but anyone who publishes online. So I think it would help to put names on the intermediate stages. Few would be willing to claim that it doesn't matter at all where a startup is—that a startup has to make something people want.

But business administration is not what I remember from it, I doubt it would amount to much more than a pretentious version of u r a fag! It was supposed to be there at certain times. DH2 statements, as in: I can't believe the author dismisses intelligent design in such a cavalier fashion. Whereas designing programming languages is like designing chairs: it's all about dealing with future investors: how much money should they take and what kind of x you've built. Viaweb on $10,000. Startups So these, I think, is which 52% they are. The most common was some combination of a blog, a calendar, a dating site, and Friendster. It would improve the average startup's prospects by more than 43% just to be able to deliver more software to users. That's to be expected. And markets are usually centralized. I was being paid for programming.

Notes

Since I now have on the side of being Turing equivalent, but he turned them down because investors don't always volunteer a lot of reasons American car companies, executives at 300 big corporations found that three quarters of them could as accurately be called unfair.

Ironically, one of the things we focus on users, you've started it, this is a down round, no one on the client? In January 2003, Yahoo released a new Mosaic. After Greylock booted founder Philip Greenspun out of the next downtick it will probably not quite as harmless as we use have a standard piece of casuistry for this situation: that the money. Most were wrong, but I took so long.

Russell was still saying the same town, unless it was. You can have a quality that feels a lot would be lost in friction.

I don't want to either.

If idea clashes got bad enough, the best high school to be something of an early funding round. Part of the startup. Deane, Phyllis, The Quotable Einstein, Princeton University Press, 2005. For sufficiently small audiences, it would have seemed a bad idea the way up.

As Paul Buchheit adds: I should do is fund medical research labs; commercializing whatever new discoveries the boffins throw off is as straightforward as building a new, much more attractive to investors.

Wisdom is useful in solving problems too, e. Microsoft concentrated on the East Coast. I'm clueless or being misleading by focusing so much control, and FreeBSD 1. If the rich have better opportunities for education.

If you're dealing with one hand they take away with dropping Java in the room, you can't do much that anyone feels when things go well. For example, willfulness clearly has two subcomponents, stubbornness and energy. This argument seems to have fun in college is much smaller commitment than a nerdy founder trying to make money. The inhabitants of early 20th century cohesion would have for endless years of bank dependence, reinforced by the fact that the usual way will prove to us.

#automatically generated text #Markov chains #Paul Graham #Python #Patrick Mooney #research #Friendster #problems #case #control #casuistry #lot #Phyllis #skies #sup #coast #offer #startup #trouble #friction #clothes #description #tricks #investors

[mehrauli]

Notes on Kashmir history

The way I learned about the history of Kashmir was actually living there. I’d go to the bookstores and just read books there, so I don’t have an on-hand list of online resources. Also, people would tell me stuff, which I would then investigate or not. This is going to be almost entirely from memory, based on not-that-much research, and so it’ll have huge omissions and possibly errors simply because I do not know those things. The point of this isn’t so you can read this and call yourself an expert, it’s so you know what to ask for further questions. Also, if I do link to big books people won’t read them, but maybe they will read a post.

Kashmir’s history is contentious because hindus have made many attempts to recuperate its history in order to justify their settler colonialism. The hindu mythification of Kashmir is intense. So hindus will tell you a very different story about this than anyone else. Some articles on, for example, wikipedia, consult these hindu myths as real history. This is something to be aware of when doing independent research on Kashmir.

Kashmir is not a part of India, never has been, and never will be.

Islamification

As far as I know, Islam was first introduced to Kashmir by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1015, who did not make serious progress conquering it but did station some Muslims on the outskirts of the valley. Marco Polo (who traveled asia in the late 1200s) reports that the butcher castes in Kashmir were all Muslims. This is consistent with other evidence that Kashmir’s islamification took place over several centuries, and was a bottom-up affair; butchers are a low-caste group.

The first Muslim ruler of Kashmir was Rinchan (r. 1320-1323). He was an heir to a Buddhist dynasty, who considered a conversion into shaivism, which was a form of brahminism which had entered Kashmir somewhere around the time of Muhammad of Ghazni. However he was turned away from the brahmins who considered him to be low-caste. Brahmins at this time called Buddhism “the religion of the Shudras”.

Rinchan accepted Islam instead, and took the name Sadruddin Shah, under the tutelage of the Sufi missionary Bulbul Shah. The first mosque in Kashmir was a converted Buddhist temple which instututed a twice-daily charity meal. To this day, inter-dining between castes is still a really big deal in a lot of parts of India.

Throughout the late 1300s, Sufi missionaries were active throughout Kashmir including Ali Hamidani. Other important figures include Lal Ded, who was a Shaivite poet who has been disowned by Hindus due to her emphasis on social reform and embraced by Muslims for the same reason. Ded is said to have been incredibly influential to Nund Rishi, AKA Sheikh Nooruddin Noorani, who started the Rishi Sufi order, who were social renunciates who lived in caves and helped popularise Islam.

I can find almost nothing online about this subject. There is one story that I remember about Hamidani meeting Nund Rishi. In the story, the other sayyids warn Hamidani not to meet with Nund Rishi, because he is not a sayyid and had a very unorthodox practice. The point of the story is that Hamidani ignores this advice and with his help, Nund Rishi becomes one of the most important figures in the Islamification of Kashmir. I like the story, because it emphasises the importance of social equality in the spread of Islam throughout Kashmir.

Hamidani writes elsewhere, in Volume 10 of his Dhakhirat:

One feels proud of one's self on the basis of one's pedigree, in comparison to others who are better than he as regards to knowledge and action. He understands others as his slaves. His eyes are full of anger. And the signs of his malevolence are lucid in his actions. He can cure this disease, if he realises that it is foolish to understand others low on the basis of pedigree.

Hamidani’s Dhakhirat ul Mulk is still read from mosques in Kashmir to this day.

Dogra Empire (1846-1952)

Kashmir never came directly under British rule. They won it in a war against the Sikhs and immediately sold it to a petty tyrant named Gulab Singh who instituted an overt hindu theocracy, which was characterised by unreasonable taxation, arbitrary rules, etc. During this period the brahmins, predictably,  enjoyed vast social and political privileges. 

As it was explained to me by a Kashmiri friend of mine, an Englishman by the name of Robert Thorpe is considered by Kashmiris to be the “first martyr” of the freedom struggle. He documented the horrific circumstances that Kashmiris lived under and called for Kashmir to come under British rule. I have a copy of this PDF, you can probably find it online yourself if you look. The circumstances he describes are absolutely horrific and mirror . Some excerpts on this post: [x]

(Some of the above excerpts are from Arthur Brinckman, a missionary who documented the same thing around the same time. My pdf is a compilation of their two papers.)

Legend has it that Thorpe was assassinated by the Dogras shortly after publishing his paper, Cashmere Misgovernment.

After Thorpe’s death, there was a famine in which half to three fifths of the population of the valley died. Not a single brahmin died of starvation during this period. It is documented in more detail in the book Hindu Rulers, Muslim Subjects.

Property remained owned by the small hindu minority, who functioned as feudal lords stipulating various forms of untouchability which are common in India as well.

Partition and the Plebiscite

The British only directly controlled about 62% of British India. The rest consisted of Princely States.

The gist of this is that during partition, most of the petty monarchies unconditionally surrendered to, and were annexed by, India or Pakistan. One notable exception to this was Hyderabad, which was forcefully invaded by India which proceeded to slaughter tens to hundreds of thousands of people (estimates vary) because its ruler was Muslim, but it was geographically isolated from Pakistan.

I don’t want to dwell on Kashmir’s case here too much because I’m not that familiar with it. I don’t personally care about the history or the legal arguments. I’ve been to Kashmir and it is manifestly obvious that Kashmir is not and should not be a part of India. Not a single person in Kashmir wants anything to do with India. When you say something to the effect that Kashmir will be free in Kashmir, everyone stops what they’re doing to say “inshallah”. It is not the unenthusiastic lackadaisical “inshallah” of the Arabs. It is an enthusiastic punctuation mark to whatever you just said, which comes powerfully from the gut, a prayer in its own right, as if to flag it as important in God’s inbox. Almost like how African-Americans can use “amen” sometimes.

Muslims in India are an outlaw class. As far as we are concerned, there is, properly speaking, no law. This is doubly so in Kashmir. If you walk around downtown Sirinagar, you’ll see a huge number of blind people and amputees, while most shops or pharmacies are raising money for charities for the blind. This is because the Indian army has a policy of shooting Kashmiri protesters in the eyes. It is not secret. The brutality of the Indian occupation is on full display. Most of the tourists to Kashmir are Indian and the brutality is part of the attraction.

So I don’t care whatever horseshit “laws” India rationalises its occupation with. India should fucking burn for what it’s done to Kashmir.

The short version of this story is, though, that Kashmir’s then-petty tyrant agreed to a temporary Indian presence contingent on an eventual plebiscite regarding whether Kashmir would go to India, Pakistan, or remain independent. Or something. I cannot stress how little I care about this.

The fact that a plebiscite was part of the original arrangement, though, does influence activism both in Kashmir and India as well as Pakistan. Pakistan, for its part, has agreed to a plebiscite in Pakistan-Administered Kashmir (PAK) as soon as India allows it to happen in IOK.

Jammu, which is a city south of the Kashmir valley proper, saw the worst violence of the partition, worse even than the annexation of Hyderabad (though, again, estimates vary in both cases and it could go either way). Unlike the case of Hyderabad, the violence in Jammu was organised by Hindu supremacist groups including RSS, the political arm of which is the current ruling party of India, the BJP. After the violence, Jammu has gone from being Muslim-majority at time of partition to 7.1% Muslim at the time of the 2011 census.

Indian Rule

I am also not too familiar with anything here up until the 90′s or so. One important figure to know here is Maqbool Bhatt, a charismatic revolutionary who co-founded the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front. He was a guerilla organiser who crossed the line of control into Pakistan “illegally” several times in order to work towards an independent Kashmir.

One event that gets disproportionate attention is the exodus of the brahmins from Kashmir. The early 90s were the start of the current insurgency, and political assassinations were carried out against people like local administrators and other active collaborators with the Indian colonial regime. brahmins were disproportionately represented among these people, because duh of course they were. But Muslim collaborators were targeted by these groups just the same. While the number of brahmins to be killed during this period was about 2-300, thousands of Kashmiris were killed by the colonial state which of course did target Muslims exclusively.

Some, not all, brahmins left Kashmir during this period. A few remain in Sirinagar, they own shops and stuff, I bought a pencil from one. They were never numerous because brahmins are never numerous. Since then, though they for their part mostly do not want to return and are well provided for in India and the western diaspora, Much of India’s current campaign of settler colonialism is rationalised as an effort to resttle them in Kashmir. The argument falls apart, however, as they themselves have no such agenda. If they really wanted to go back, they would just go back. They do not face communal violence. In addition, India has never made such an effort to resettle victims of real pogroms, like the Bombay Riots or the Delhi Pogrom earlier this year.

In response to this insurgency, the Indian government began to heavily promote a “pilgrimage” to the Amarnath cave as a tourist attraction. The Amarnath "pilgrims” are the worst and most obnoxious people I have ever met in my entire life. They are drunken (in a place that is 97% Muslim where alcohol is illegal, in full view of the heaviest military occupation in the world), obnoxious, light firecrackers (in a fucking warzone where a Muslim would be killed for it), disrespect the property of the people they stay with, etc.

Since 5 August 2019, there has been no internet in Kashmir and all industry has been shut down. Real journalism is impossible and press and TV media are nothing but mouthpieces for BJP. At first this was rationalised by a false-flag discovery of weapons outside the “pilgrimage” route, because all terrorists like to bury their weapons in the ground outside of where they plan to use them, for convenience, like squirrels hiding acorns for the winter. India quickly dropped this pretense and just maintains an “everything is normal” line now, although there has been no internet or economic activity for over a year and schools have been converted to military bases while the environment is destroyed (not even for “development” purposes, think USA and the buffalo).

At the same day of the internet shutdown important parts of the Indian constitution were repealed which allow Kashmir to maintain some semblence of autonomy with an aim towards implementing a settler-colonial West Bank model; various things have been proposed to the effect of Hindu settlements guarded by the military and this is all completely brazen and open while the colonial administration has started granting residence to non-Kashmiri migrant workers. 

Migrant workers have not faced legal discrimination; the only implications of this are that they can now own property in the Valley and vote in local elections. There is a similar statute in the neighbouring Indian state of Himachal Pradesh where only Paharis are allowed to own property or businesses, despite most of them actually in practice being run by Kashmiri and Tibetan refugees. In Kashmir there is no such contradiction. Businesses are Kashmiri-owned, Kashmiri-run.

This is with an eye to demographic change in the valley by way of which Indian rule can be legitimised through the above-mentioned plebiscite. Again this is all completely in the open, though supplemented with “what about the Kashmiri pandits!!!!” wailing. Pandit is another word for brahmin.

The militants are not bad guys. The people of Kashmir do not fear them and in fact pray for their success. The funerals of martyrs are very well-attended and before the current blockate, India used to shut down the internet on the days of their martyrdom anniversaries. Local people graffiti their names on walls and name streets after them.

The movement for a free Kashmir is an uncomplicated freedom struggle against a brutal military occupation.

See also: Understanding the Indian Occupation of Kashmir

#Kashmir #Hinduism

[uwunnie]

Update + Week 1 recap (Nov.7, 8:21 PM US Mountain Time)

Today marked the final day of the first week since this whole ordeal began. Truthfully, it feels like we somehow transported to the Dramarama video because time seemed to stop, but alas, here we are.

For the recap, I’m not going to put specific dates, but for today’s update, I will title it as such. You’ll see - this should be a pretty easy format to follow (tiki-taka),

For the sake of everyone’s timelines, the recap and update begin after this read more.

-

When news broke out regarding a Wonho’s sudden departure on October 31 (US and the like time-zones), may have been November 1 for other zones, there really weren’t that many updates in the way of efforts to bring him back. That day was full of shock, so everyone was more angry and depressed - even more so compared to now.

But after a day or two, Monbebes managed to channel their emotions into a bigger cause: Bringing Wonho home, and bringing him home we will.

Let’s recap:

Twitter Monbebes, Carter and Kei, organized the GoFundMe to raise $10,000 USD to purchase an ad in NY Times Square.

Within 45 minutes of initial service, the goal had been met.

After a couple days, the donations kept piling in and finally, as of November 3 - the GoFundMe closed at $25,102 USD ($15,102 USD over the original goal).

The ad’s payment was successful and the ad went up! However, my understanding is that the ad’s run-time ends in a few hours.

Ad’s location: New York, 42nd St. and 7th Ave., facing east.

Photos of the ad:

Reads: We shine brighter as a family, then proceeds to list each name of OT7 along with their logo and a photo of OT7 together with MONBEBE on the photo.

The board kicked off on November 6 and ran 30 times per hour for 15 seconds all day except 2-5 AM.

-

A petition calling to keep Wonho a member of Monsta X was published. Within a week, the petition is still going pretty strong with over 400k signatures. The goal is 500k, so I predict it will reach its goal within the next week.

The petition can be found here.

In addition, more projects/campaigns have been released since then and can be found in this master-post here.

Since this day, however, more projects have been revealed, so once I compile all of them, I’ll add them to the previous link.

Let’s remember:

K-MBB left sticky notes on Starship Ent.’s building. Eventually, within a few hours, a staff member was photographed collecting them.

News outlets began reporting about Monbebe efforts to bring Wonho back, thus bringing more attention to our goal.

Celebrities reached out and showed their support of Monsta X.

Monbebes began writing everyone to spread awareness - spanning as far as contacting Moon Jae-in, South Korea’s president.

Naver (shockingly) released a positive article - something that’s very rare.

Efforts are still being made to spread more awareness through physical ads in South Korea.

K-MBB’s held a silent protest outside of Starship Ent.

International fans flew to South Korea to participate.

Staff said they can and will welcome Wonho back.

Staff also helped Monbebes greatly:

Met with MBB’s on the day of the silent protest to help them cut out banners.

These plaques read, “I do not want to remain just a memory,” which are lyrics from If Only.

Supported MBB’s in the fan cafe - even went as far as changing their icons, I believe, to photos of Wonho.

Continued collecting MBB sticky notes and even provided tissues at the protests for those who were crying.

Continue encouraging us to continue with our efforts.

Other fandoms have showed their support for Monsta X and MBB.

International MBB are still organizing a silent protest from what I’ve seen circulating the web.

For Minhyuk’s birthday, MBB adopted four whales as gifts. One is a southern humpback named Monbebe, another a blue whale adopted in Minhyuk’s name. I’ve heard another one was named Monsta X, but don’t quote me on it because I’m not 100% sure.

Minhyuk’s birthday tag also reached #1 worldwide trend.

A set of stars were also purchased and named Lee Hoseok and Monsta X.

NY-MBB got a dance group to dance to Follow.

UK-MBB are hosting fundraisers in efforts to raise money for a central London billboard.

As I stated prior, all sorts of ad efforts were, and still are being, made.

Over 30 tags have consecutively trended worldwide for one week - many of them reaching -#1 trend several times.

K-MBB’s used the original fan chant during one of the performances for Follow’s promotions. If you don’t know what I’m referring to, it means that they used the OT7 chant including Wonho’s name.

300 fans were allowed into the Inkigayo recording - 100 over its normal capacity.

Tower Records, international music franchise store, showed their support in their Japan branch’s sector through MX signs and posters.

MX reminders:

Wonho is still active on the fan cafe.

Majority of the members have been active on the fan cafe.

Minhyuk posted this for his birthday:

Changkyun posted this two days ago:

Wonho is still on Starship’s official site.

This photo was posted a day or two ago:

For those that may not understand, the white ink is circling Wonho’s signature and name on the wristband. Some people claimed it doesn’t matter because those bands are pre-made, but to that I’d like to point out that those bands are made out of paper and his name is printed/signed on the end, so it would have been very easy for staff to cut off the end part if they really wanted to, or were instructed to do so.

This was circulating the web:

Speculations:

Nov. 7: Shownu wore Wonho’s shirt.

Nov. 7: Kihyun wore Wonho’s earrings.

Nov. 7: Hyungwon wore Wonho’s chain.

Nov. 7: Changkyun wore Wonho’s, or a similar, earpiece.

Nov. 7: Our boys left a space for Wonho at the end of their performance. Take a look here and see what you think.

Nov. 2: MX left a space for Wonho during Follow and Find You.

Nov. 2: Jooheon’s lyrical slip-up could have been in protest of what’s occurring.

In regards to this speculation, he did this recently again as well, so my interpretation is that it’s probably related to the protest as well as exhaustion.

Starship info and overall legal matters:

As far as my knowledge extends, this is the ONLY official statement SS has released:

The explanation/speculation of this letter can be found here.

SS is involved in their own, personal, controversy. I’ve made past posts regarding the situation, but for the sake of not stirring the pot, so-to-speak, I’m going to exclude them from this particular post. Until further information about their situation is released, or I feel it’s becoming a detriment to MX, I will bite my tongue.

In regards to 🐻’s controversy, SS confirmed the photos were manipulated (fake).

🐻’s searches have been cleared, at least from my knowledge. I’ve been told that they have been, but I’m not entirely sure if they’ve come back or anything.

I know a lot of people messaged me that particular night in regards to a YouTube video talking about 🐻’s situation and everyone was concerned it would spark up the searches again. I didn’t want to say anything until I saw the video taken down, but I messaged KJ and explained the situation to him. He had no ill intent with his video - in fact, he was trying to help clear the negative rumors revolving around MX. He was just simply unaware that, unfortunately, any publicity regarding 🐻’s situation would trigger the searches again, so I explained this to him and told him about MBB efforts. He completely understood and removed the video.

-

Updates from November 7:

MX received their 2nd win!

The video and post involving Hyungwon’s speech can be found here. HIGHLY recommend watching it.

GOT7 congratulated and hugged each member, and E-Dawn congratulated Changkyun.

Only 10 Monbebes were allowed inside for the performance, so Ahgases (GOT7’s fan club) held up Monsta X light sticks during our boys’ performance in place for the MBB not allowed in. Ahgase also helped MBB with the live voting.

In other words: Ahgase and Monbebe are each other’s sweethearts. 💚🤧💜

Jooheon told MBB not to cry.

They held a fan-sign to which:

Wonho’s photo was projected on the screen behind them. A link to the photo can be found here.

K-MBB informed MX of the Times Square ad.

Changkyun stayed this is the last week of promotions.

Kihyun said he will do a cover of Believer.

I think Shownu earned his PhD? Or is going to?

Jooheon confirmed the release of the studio version of Sambakja, or he said he might. I’ve seen people talking about both, so I can guarantee 100%, but Jooheon, if you’re reading this - please.

Trends continue meaning we’ve successfully trended for one week straight.

Eshy:

Voting for MAMA has been open and Monsta X is a nominee in all except a couple categories.

There’s two ways to vote:

Voting for them in specific categories on the website, here.

Voting on Twitter as well by utilizing:

#MAMAVOTE #monstax

Current twitter tags to trend as well:

#LoveUWonho

#우리_항상_네_곁에_있을게요

@/OfficialMonstaX

@/STARSHIPent

-

Overall reminders:

Do not engage in fan wars.

Do not engage in any hate towards the duo. I’ve said this in the past and it’s practically been confirmed: They’re trying to gather sympathy through the situation they’ve caused by trying to play victim. Popular sites are posting articles painting them in positive undertones and netizens are starting to support them because of the hate they’re getting on their social platforms and what not. Those comments can also be collected and utilized in the ongoing legal case, so please, do NOT engage with them. Instead, channel your energy into MAMA voting, campaigns/projects, trends, and other positive things that will bring Wonho home to us.

Messages to MX, project created by @wonderlanddragon, ends Nov.8/9. The posted regarding the details can be found in the campaign link above!

Bunnies for Wonho, created by @thoughtsfromaclutteredbrain, has been ongoing now. They’ve also planned a new project for a video, so please send in your favorite Wonho moment along with your name and/or nickname to them!

@stay-dont-strayy creates an International MBB project. You can find the info on their blog!

Kpop group chats have been created, links here.

@sezy001234 has also created five tumblr kpop group chats, so hit her up for details on everything!

I’ve also made a kpop tumblr group chat, so if you’d like to be added, send in an ask or message!

The source to find the bunny 7-1=0 profile pictures can be found here in seven different colors.

You can leave letters/sweet messages to the boys on the fan cafe. Please be mindful of the situations at hand when doing so and also, give a little extra love to our baby, Changkyun. MBB at the fan-sign have mentioned that he seems to be struggling the most and tbh, it’s been very visible in his performances and photos.

All seven are trying to be strong for us, so let’s try our best to be strong for them. ❤️

-

We’ve made it through the first week, babes.

We can do it time and time again.

I love you all. ❤️🤧

Let’s bring our bunny home. ❤️🐰

(Posting: Nov. 8, 3:05 AM US Mountain Time // yes, it took me this long to make lol)

#monsta x #wonho #shownu #kihyun #hyungwon #minhyuk #jooheon #changkyun #im #joohoney #updates #first week #monbebe

[platinumlaptop]

Best laptops for solidwork

In the world of SolidWorks, with so much going on, you need something that will last. This really is what you need to keep in mind when you search for the best SolidWorks laptops. There's a lot to take into account. The program takes up a lot of storage, and to work well requires large quantities of computing power.

Solidworks, especially in the case that you are going to deal with complex models, is among the toughest applications. Here, we will take a look at Solidworks' best laptops. There is a high likelihood that you will be using (or wish to use) other technology software such as AutoCAD, Revit, as well as Lumion if you are using the programs.

We have compiled a list of some of the best laptops for SolidWorks and other professional-level CAD applications to help you have the right hardware specifications at your disposal. Laptops of various brands, technical requirements, use, and prices can be found in the catalog. Before checking out our impressive laptop range, we suggest going through this minimum hardware requirement specification sheet;

CPU:

Intel's Core i5 quad-core processor is the minimum CPU requirement for SolidWorks. CPUs with a good single core output are the preferred option since SolidWorks is mostly single-threaded.

GPU:

For use in CAD applications, the NVIDIA Quadro, AMD Radeon Pro WX, and AMD FirePro series are authorized. Look out for one of these series to come under a GPU.

Storage: Holding all your models consolidated under one storage unit (both 2D and 3D) lets you keep careful track of them and access them easily. A minimum of 256 GB of SSD storage is a must for that. It comes as an additional advantage to have 1 TB HDD storage.

RAM:

The minimum requirement for doing SolidWorks basic-level tasks is 8GB. For large-scale models and comprehensive simulation studies, 16 GB DDR 4 RAM and above will help you meet the memory requirements required.

ASUS ROG Hero III G731GW - 9th Gen Intel Core i7-9750H

 In the hard work laptop world, Asus' ROG line is a storied name. In the solid work industry, the device family is at the forefront and incorporates many of the newest technologies. With the latest line of Strix and Hero gaming laptops, this is fairly evident. You should buy this Asus due to its good power battery, it will help you to stay your work continue for a long time in a day. Featurs

Having high-resolution 3D modeling, simulation, and rendering in SolidWorks, modern games are CPU and GPU-intensive. What this means to you is that you can use the ASUS ROG Hero III G731GW high-level computing arsenal to smash all of your CAD duties. It's best to let the technical specifications do the talking, considering the thought-out configuration of this laptop.

In a powerful laptop such as the ASUS ROG Hero III G731GW, 1 TB of fast SSD storage is more than what you can ask for. An unmistakable addition is its 1 TB HDD storage. And not to forget its full HD display of 17.3 inches that provides a utilitarian and immersive view. One of the best laptops for solidwork, In the style group as well, this laptop tops.

Prose

Cons

Configuration of uncompromised  hardware

  It's a little heavy with bodyweight

Modern construction of the design

   Dell G7 17- 10th Gen Intel i7-10750H

The Dell G7 17 is easily one of the best options for running 2D and 3D CAD simulation software, such as SolidWorks, Fusion 360, and more, like most of the gaming laptops on our list. This is one of the best laptop from all series of Dell. Dell G7 17 give you the best opportunity to buy and make your solid work easy and quick. The feature sets, while being a gaming laptop, are compatible with different technical specifications.

Features

Particularly when powerful workstations are being addressed, you won't hear the name of Dell that much. However, in terms of quick speed, smooth rendering, and great ergonomics, I consider Dell's G7 17 a complete revolution. Yeah, you've heard that correctly.The first-ever significant aspect that you should know about G7 17 is that it is backed by an ultrafast processor of the Core i7, 9th gen. In addition, for a complete multitasking experience, a 16 GB DDR4 ram is also included.

The integration of the Nvidia GTX 1660Ti, on the other hand, makes it easier for engineers to complete their 3D modeling tasks within a short time. Apart from that, there is also an RGB backlit keyboard to improve the computing machine's aesthetics.

Prose

Cons

The best way to run Solidworks

It is of no benefit to the tech  department.

Wide Display

Dell's client poor service.

Smooth Graphics Rendering.

 It seamlessly runs 3D modeling  applications.

  GIGABYTE AERO 15-X9-RT5P - Intel Core i7-8750H

With its excellent performance optimization that is supported by Microsoft Azure AI, it stands out from the crowd. Although this feature is extremely helpful for gaming, it is also well used when working on SolidWork. Our choice for the best laptop also comes with anti-glare display technology that guarantees that the viewed material is in no way blurred. If you prefer working late at night, this laptop's backlit keyboard will help you brave it out while burning your midnight oil.

Feature

Just like the Razer Blade 15 does, it takes the slim and compact chassis jump. But it is worth noting that the portable design approach is not only based on aesthetics, there has also been a lot of emphasis on CAD-appropriate performance.You can use the 16GB DDR4 laptop's RAM to run SolidWorks efficiently, along with the Intel Core i7. The 16GB RAM of the device is derived from a single channel and the technology of SO-Dim. Dim utilises integrated circuits that, while providing impressive RAM performance, consume little power.

This is particularly true for many SolidWorks activities that take quite a considerable amount of time, such as 3D model processing and reconstruction. The impressive 144 GHz refresh rate of the 15.6 inches full HD monitor of the laptop ensures that graphics for high-resolution model design are not compromised.

Prose

Cons

Functionality at its finest

The Webcam's has bottom Positioning

Capacity for high SSD capacity

 In a sleek footprint, efficient  computing

  Lenovo ThinkPad P50- Intel Core i7-6700HQ

Lenovo ThinkPad p50, designed especially for workers on the go, and Lenovo ThinkPad P50 is ideal for you if you deal with large gatherings and project lengths. This laptop can be described as a "mobile workbench." It is very large, wide, and has a power supply that looks like a brick.

Features

SATA SSD II on M.2. On the storage hand, the slot is mounted, not the fastest, but still, it has amazing features such as opening Sold work at a flashy pace.The GPU card delivers a great laptop, but not the best, but don't judge. 4GB VRAM is the correct size for a workstation when you are dealing with big assemblies. The thing you should take advantage of is its GPU enhanced rendering CUDA cores.

This laptop's processor is a little old, but this doesn't stop considering it because it has about the fastest clock speed that you can find from the choices.You get a higher internal data size (8 MB) with Intel eon than most other common laptops though with the greater data rate, such as Intel Core i7-7700 HQ with 6 MB for Ex. The laptop has a 3.70 GHz Intel Xeon E3-1505M v5 4 core.

Pros

Cons

Absolutely  incredible 4K with colour calibrator monitor.

Contains a pound extra.

Keyboard Descriptor.

The battery life would have been  better.

Output by Swift.

Sodium vapor computer.

 Acer Aspire V15 Nitro- Intel Core i5-6300HQ

Acer Aspire V15 Nitro The laptop has an aesthetic style that draws the eye, and the overall level of craftsmanship does a reasonably decent job. The computer sounds robust. The hinges are soft, sleek and well-designed, allowing users to comfortably raise the panel with only one hand.

Features

TheAcer Aspire V15 Nitro has all the feature which your seeking for your laptop for solid work. A regular 15-inch laptop, your best laptop for solid work might be the Acer Aspire V15 Nitro black model. It is an entertainment system that can manage multimedia content, reliable jobs, and some content for gaming. This laptop was launched in 2014 for the first generation, but its latest model has some significant capabilities.

The computer feels robust. The hinges are soft, smooth, and well-designed, allowing users to easily raise the screen with only one hand. With a native resolution of 1920 x 1080p, the 15-inch screen is full HD, One of the best laptops for solidwork.

The diesel version, together with 8 GB of RAM, NVidia 960M graphics, and dual storage, comes with a 2.6 GHz Intel Core i5-6300HQ processor. You can get 32 GB DDR4 RAM with an Intel Core i7 processor with a higher version or a configured version.

Pros

Cons

Speedy Results.

Tricky to update.

Beautiful in design

The battery life is very small.

Lighter and thinner.

It quickly gets heavy.

 Acer Predator Helios 300- 10th Generation Intel Core i7-10750H 6

You will find the Acer laptop a better option if you just do tiny jobs on SolidWorks. This laptop comes with a hard drive bay and a free SSD (solid state drive) slot for fast storage updates, even though you can feel the storage space is a little small.The controls are a little slick considering the fair travel and the solid foundation. This ensures they're a little spongier than the keyboards on one of SolidWorks' best laptops.

Features

The Acer Predator Helios 300 is a fantastic discount laptop, like the Acer Aspire, and, if you're on a budget, one of SolidWorks' best laptops. This laptop comes with a 9th generation Intel Core i7 9750H Processor, a 256GB SSD, 16GB RAM, 1920 x 1080 pixel display resolution, and Windows 10 as the operating system.

Although the display resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels is high enough to send you crisp images without straining the graphics core, the 15.6-inch screen size is perfect. Its IPS panel has a refresh rate of the 144-hertz display, which will help you enjoy if you intend to play any games after completing your studies or function with the Ram 16GB DDR4 memory.

Pros

Cons

Rational travel and firm foundation

No Thunderbolt 3 or Card Reader

Screen with high-quality

Construction output average

Supportable lifetime of battery

Outside heavy and weak

 HP ZBook 15v G5

The HP Zbook 15V G5 offers a stable mix of features at your disposal, whether you use SolidWorks for technical or school work. For individuals looking for a handheld workstation to tackle data processing, CAD work, video editing, 3D animation, and modeling, this is our best laptop.There is also a dual-storage module on the laptop that ensures that all the tasks are securely stored.

Features

For quick calculations, the HP Zbook 15V G5 comes exceptionally fitted. Thanks to the Core i7-8750H processor from Intel. Although it is not the newest or fastest on the market, at a speed of up to 4.10GHz, this CPU can perform most SolidWorks tasks flawlessly. 9MB of cache memory improves the processor further.

There is also a dual-storage module on the laptop that ensures that all your tasks are securely stored. This involves a 512 GB SSD and a 1 TB HDD for permanent storage for faster, One of the best laptops for solidworkperformance. In exchange, it makes it incredibly easier to load and render massive assemblies.The HP Zbook 15V G5 outputs 1920 x 1080 pixels on a 15.6 inch FHD screen. This makes it possible to deal on complicated tasks when you are able to see plainly what you are focused on.

Pros

Cons

Strong GPU-dedicated workstation

The Ethernet card is a little rigid,

Two usb 3.0 port for fast transfer of  files

Unprotected eyes may be harmed by the  glossy show

RAM Modular

  Microsoft Surface Book 2 – 8th Gen Intel Core i7-8650U

Do yourself a favour and go for Surface Book 2 whether you are a student or a specialist who wants the right laptop for solid jobs. Surface Book 2 can perform solid tasks quickly without any complications and, according to our study. It is the only non-workstation that is accredited for stable work for a laptop.Do yourself a favour and go for Surface Book 2 whether you are a student or a specialist who wants the right laptop for solid jobs..

Features

The Microsoft Surface Book 2 can be your ideal companion if you are someone who works or likes to work from scratch when it comes to CAD-related model design.The most significant one (as you'd already guess) is its 2-in-1 laptop and tablet mode, among many explanations why. With the tablet mode of Surface Book 2, initial model conceptualization by sketching can become much simpler for you.

With its ultra HD pixel-dense resolution, the 15-inch monitor of the Surface Book 2 does not go unnoticed. The 512 GB of fast-access SSD storage adds more value to this 2-in-1 laptop's overall hardware configuration.Surface Book 2 can perform solid tasks quickly without any complications and, according to our study; Surface Book 2 is the only non-workstation that is accredited for stable work for a laptop.

Pros

Cons

Many add-on options

suitable add-ons, Surface Pen and  Surface Dial come

Model 2-in-1

 Performance is Reliable

  Conclusion

Many of the laptops referred to above are all chosen from other brands and models of the best laptops for solidwork. They have different budget-related requirements. The cost range, however, does not affect these laptops' overall performance.

#best laptops #technology #information technology #laptop #budget laptops

[sweetdreamsjeff]

A few weeks ago, the Library of Congress called me to write an essay on the song "Hallelujah" recorded by Jeff Buckley that was added to the National Registry in 2014. I was both honored and nervous at the same time as I knew this would last forever. As with my book on Jeff Buckley where I wanted to put a stamp on his legacy, with others that knew him best, this is my last act as his manager. RIP my friend and I hope I did you proud. Here's to Eternal Life...

Jeff Buckley - Hallelujah (1994)

Added to the National Registry: 2014

Essay by Dave Lory & Jim Irvin

Jeff Buckley’s recording of Hallelujah was not the original, and he wasn’t singing the song as conceived by its author, yet it has come to be widely regarded as the definitive version.

The song was written and composed by Canadian poet and singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen (1934-2016), who said in interviews that it took at least four years and two notebooks to write an unspecified number of completed verses. “I don’t know if it was eighty, maybe more, or a little less.” Cohen recorded a four-verse version in June 1984 as part of his album, Various Positions, then revisited the song with alternative lyrics in 1988, a performance captured on the album Cohen Live! in 1994.

Cohen’s unmistakable vocal delivery, which has been described as a “near monotone rumble” and “a brazenly unmusical drone”, is directly opposite Buckley’s falsetto lyricism and musical precision. Cohen accepted one Canadian music award saying “Only in Canada could someone with a voice like mine win Vocalist of the Year.” His version of Hallelujah is full of wry irony.

Raised in an orthodox Jewish family, later becoming a Zen Buddhist, Cohen often used religious imagery in his work. In Hallelujah, the stories of two Biblical couples - King David and Bethsheba, Samson and Deliliah - represent the transformative powers of music, hubris, and lust. David and Samson both have ruinous relationships with their women. David is a musician. Samson has great hair. Both are poets, warriors and adulterers. Cohen could identify with all these qualities, some more lightheartedly than others. While citing Cohen during the PEN awards for Song Lyrics of Literary Excellence in 2012, novelist Salman Rushdie spoke of the song’s “jaundiced comedy”.

Hallelujah has also been celebrated for its uplifting melody, the ascending second half of the verse is particularly moving, while the chorus - simply the title repeated four times - makes the song function as both a gospel soul-stirrer and a kind of hymn for atheists, “I wanted to push the Hallelujah deep into the secular world,” Cohen said.

When an album paying tribute to Cohen, I’m Your Fan, was being prepared in 1991, John Cale, singer, producer and former member of the Velvet Underground, elected to sing Hallelujah, the first time anyone else had recorded the song. (Bob Dylan had sung it live in the 1980s.) He wasn’t familiar with the recorded version, having only seen Cohen perform it on stage, but he knew Cohen, so called him to ask for the lyrics. Cohen sent him, by fax, at least fifteen verses. Cale picked his favorite five, “the cheeky verses,” all of which, coincidentally, had appeared in one or other of Cohen’s recordings.

Jeff Buckley, an unknown 24-year-old singer, recently relocated to New York from LA, was more a fan of Cale than Cohen and listened to I’m Your Fan to hear Cale’s contribution, which closes that album. Struck by its spare vocal and piano arrangement, Buckley decided to include Hallelujah in the long, rambling sets he was playing each week at the Sin-é cafe on St Mark’s Place in Manhattan. These were intimate shows - just Buckley and a borrowed electric guitar - before small, appreciative audiences, covering a wide variety of material, including works previously performed by Nina Simone, Bob Dylan, Edith Piaf and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, distilling all Buckley had absorbed in a lifetime of musical exploration. Those shows made Buckley’s name in New York and won him a recording deal with Columbia Records in 1992. Many who attended were especially moved by Hallelujah. Buckley would sing it slightly differently each night, but always emphasized the simmering sexual tension of the verses Cale had selected. He said that he thought the cry of “Hallelujah” was orgasmic. Buckley inhabited the song so well, many fans initially assumed he had written it.

When it came time to pick songs for his first album, Grace, Buckley decided - with producer Andy Wallace and A&R executive Steve Berkowitz, who had signed him to Columbia Records - to record a mix of original material and the best of the covers he had developed at Sin-é. Everyone agreed that Hallelujah had to be included. Though he would often use it as the climax to his live appearances, Buckley placed it in the middle of the album, a highpoint from which he could step into the finest of his own compositions, Lover, You Should Have Come Over.

Beginning with an exhalation of breath, Buckley’s performance, compiled by Wallace from five takes of the song, features him accompanied only by his delicate, skilful guitar playing, an arrangement akin to Cale’s and understated in comparison to subsequent covers, which often used choirs or orchestras to gild the song’s power.

Jeff Buckley drowned, aged 30, in a swimming accident in the Wolf River Harbor in Memphis, Tennessee on May 29, 1997 before completing his second album. He was singing a favorite Led Zeppelin song in the water shortly before he disappeared. Music was the love of his life, and that love went into everything he sang. Though never released as a single in his lifetime, his version of Hallelujah slowly grew in the public’s affection to become the version that other artists would most often discover, pass on and record themselves, “giving the song the final shove into the American consciousness,” said USA Today. The song has been covered over 300 times, with versions by k.d.lang, U2, Rufus Wainwright, Michael McDonald, Bon Jovi, Paramore, Justin Timberlake, Amanda Palmer, Jake Shimabukuro and Neil Diamond.

In March 2008, a performance of Hallelujah on the TV talent show, American Idol sent Buckley’s recording to #1 in the Billboard Digital Songs chart, almost 11 years after his death. Later that same year, three versions of Hallelujah charted simultaneously in the UK, with another talent-show winner, Alexandra Burke at #1, Buckley at #2 and Cohen’s original at #36. Cohen wondered for a while if too many Idol competitors or TV and movie climaxes were utilizing his song, but then decided he didn't mind. He noted, however, the irony that his most popular work started out on the one album, Various Positions, that had been rejected by his long-term label, Columbia Records, the label which handled Buckley’s recording.

Jeff would have been astonished, maybe unsettled, to know that this performance has made it into the National Registry, but it is no less than he deserved. He has become synonymous with this beautiful song. Indeed, no one who knew him can now hear the word Hallelujah without thinking of him.

Dave Lory was co-manager of Jeff Buckley until the artist’s death in 1997. He lives in New Jersey. Jim Irvin is a songwriter and music journalist who lives in the UK. They collaborated on Lory’s memoir, “Jeff Buckley: From Hallelujah To The Last Goodbye” published in 2018

#jeff buckley #Hallelujah #Dave Lory #library of congress #Tribute to a friend #the sweetest

[thebritishblabbermouth]

BTS as boyfriends :)

So basically... One of the posts Id read this morning inspired me to do one of these myself... Just a write up of what I think each of them would be like as a boyfriend... I hope you like it!

Okay scratch that.. This is super long... Idek anymore.. This man is the death of me.

Suga:

1. Quiet... But not shy

He's the type to voice his opinions when he deems necessary and not a moment before, but that doesn't mean he's not confident enough to talk out loud. He won't hesitate from whispering his thoughts on how stellar you look in those soft cotton sleep shorts just as you're drifting to sleep. Nor will he refrain from holding your shoulders firmly and telling you to calm down when you look like you're about to burst into tears from a bad grade or a bad day at work. He talks when required and not a moment after. Ready with reasoning, graphs and statistics against every insecurity, every worry and every aspect of life you're unsure of. But at the same time he'll listen as your paint your toenails while you're sitting on the couch, ingulfed into this frame as you talk about your childhood or about the girls at work and what you thought about that dress at the local shopping mall. He knows when you're talking just for the sake of talking and when you need him to give input and advice.

2. Dates

I picture him to be the kind of person who loves stay-at-home dates. Like the two of you just sit on the window sill and talk... But there are also moments of silence and he's rubbing circles into your wrists while pressing kisses into the back of your head. He knows he's far away from you for far too long and hes trying his best to just feel you with him. Almost stock up on your presence and the particular way you smell in his embrace. I see you pressed onto his front as you talk about the things you see and if things are particularly boring on a rainy day; I see you folding your knees to your chest and placing the laptop on them while wraps his arms around you. You're either watching movies or funny videos on YouTube and he laughs at the way you laugh, mentally notes down the way your head tilts back onto his shoulder and giggles when you let out a few snorts in between.

I also see him as the type to love midnight walks... I think the darkness allows him to be more free and natural and that's why the two of you decide to take strolls late into the night. Its these short, spontaneous dates that has him opening up for a change, just endlessly talking about what he wants from life, where he sees himself, his music and his inspiration, about the little glitch on stage that day and how the members are doing. Its times like these he spills his heart out and you don't say a word... Because he doesn't need advice, he needs support and attention in the most mundane of ways. I see him just holding your hand on these occasions, swinging it between you and smiling as he does... Holding your hand is a way he reminds himself that he's with you. Afterwards, I see him going home and dropping one text that says '' I love you'' and sleeping with phone on his lap because he's so emotionally relaxed now.

But at the same time... I see Yoongi as a crazy lil bean... He's the type to stay up till 4 am and compile a list of all the restaurants that cater to the cuisine you said you liked almost 5 months ago. I see him as the type to remember the tiny tiny things you mentioned in one of your long monologues and take them up when you've forgotten all about them. Yoongi does a lot of reading up on things you like... Be it books or art or history because he feels that way he can relate to the things you talk about.. But you'll never realise he's working that hard cause he's so damn subtle about it? Randomly giving Shakespeare references in the middle of your conversation because you might have mentioned your deep love for hamlet.

3. Fights

Tbh...they will happen. Can't be ignored. Everyone fights once in a while. He doesn't strike me as the type to grovel on his knees if he thinks he's at fault, he's the type to crawl into bed and whisper apologies into your ear assuming you're asleep. Worst comes to worst he's casually slipping in a small bouquet of flowers into your hands when you answer the door... Probably not even looking at you when he does. Not because he has an ego issue and thinks he's apologising for no reason, but because he thinks he caused all of this mess and wonders why you're still stuck with him. However those insecurities aren't spoken about because he isn't brave when it comes to his feelings.

I don't see angry make up sex, I see long drawn out sessions of love because he thinks '' why would I make her mad and make her cry... I need to make this up to her...''

On the other hand... When you make him mad... I see him just wanting space initially and then maybe you can go up to him with a peace offering of food and slip in a few sorrys. He's a lil fluff ball, will 13/10 melt at your attempt.

4. Intimacy

Ridiculously long and drawn out. He takes his time with everything and you're in for a hell of a ride. Will 300% have you almost passing out before he thinks about actually having sex with you. What is a quickie? Pretty vanilla on locations I think... Loves how homely the bedroom feels? But you've definitely shared intimacy in his studio. Its his special place and you being there with him makes it even more special.

You're so tired after everything that you sleep immediately but this situation is the one time he avoids falling asleep... Because he loves watching you. He loves looking at you and how you're so natural and beautiful and perfect just for him... Pride that he has you, that you chose him to be the one who gets to see you at your most vulnerable. He'll take his time studying you and then pull you up onto him and drift off to sleep. But because he spent so much time analysing last night... You wake up first and end up looking at him for a good hour... So happy that he's yours. Its a beautiful cycle of staring really... And you love it because it leads to spending the whole day bed... Making love and staring at each other with big mushy heart eyes.

I think he is a dom when the situation demands it... Like when you're being unnecessarily cranky or paranoid, the control and power help you to come out of your little cave... But he's also pretty vanilla and ready to let you think you have the lead once in a while.

5. Gorgeous human being- 10000/1

Absolutely beautiful... Supports you through everything and doesn't say a word with regards to your life decisions because he knows you're smart enough and brave enough to have the world at your disposal if need be.

I think the two of you spend a lot of time in his studio and you draw a lot of energy and inspiration from each other. You'll be the only one he gives his studio passcode too and thats his way of showing how much you mean to him. I see him putting up a little coffee table on there so you can bring in your work. He'll give you sound cancelling earphones and you can be bent over the desk writing as he finishes up with his work. Sometimes you just sleep on the sofa that he's got there and he'll either tuck you into his arms and sleep with you or pick you up and take up into the bedroom. He loves how adorable you look with giant headphones on and sneakily takes a few photos- you'll probably never even know they exist.

I see you bringing him coffee into the studio... One giant mug and he pulls you onto his lap and you sit there- reading your book while he works..the two of you sipping the drink occasionally. You fall asleep on his lap and he keeps you snuggled into him because your heartbeat warms him up.

Loves it when you try to rap and when you sing as you're cleaning the kitchen or cooking or painting... Sees you as a fluff ball and fights to protect. He teaches you a lot unknowingly.

Such a gorgeous human being. 

To read Jungkook’s Version, click here :)

To read Jimin’s Version, click here :)

#romance #bts #love #kpop #cute #happy #yoongi #bts suga #suga #sugar dating #min suga #boyfriendsuga #boyfriend yoongi #smutty

[dust-tone]

Dust-Tone Interview: Sweatson Klank (fka TAKE)

art by dusq.

Sweatson Klank (formerly known as Take) is nothing short of a musical pioneer. Having been at the center of the ever-growing beats community for almost two decades now, Tom Wilson has helped engineer the creative environment that is known and loved today. You can find his discography scattered amongst nearly a dozen revered labels (including Project: Mooncircle, All City, Friends of Friends, Poo-Bah, Alpha Pup and more). He has also produced an extensive collection of official DJ mixes for beloved radio stations and collectives (BBC, dublab, BTS, Low End Theory, Brainfeeder and many more). Most important to note however is his paramount Sketchbook night which laid the foundation for the famed Low End Theory and the fertile Los Angeles beat community as a whole in the early-mid 2000′s.

While Sweatson Klank is both busy with musical projects and running the label Tone and Manor, we were fortunate enough to sit down and get his perspective on the current musical climate.

Dust-Tone: When did you first start making music and what got you interested in it? Early influences?

Sweatson Klank: I started making music when i was 13. I had a deep connection to music really early on. I got a guitar and took lessons for a year. From there on I jammed with my friends and eventually started a couple little bands in High School. I also got a bass and started playing bass a little here and there. These bands were just little garage bands where we would play parties and wherever we got invited to play, but it was good fun and I learned a lot from those experiences. When i got to college i quickly started looking for other musicians to form a band with but had trouble finding people I related to musically. Around that time I went to a huge house party off campus and really got my first taste of what a dj was truly capable of. This guy, who later became a good friend was rocking a crown of about 300 people with just turntables, records and a mixer. Mind you, this was well before cdjs or Serato. At the time is was still really special to witness a dj playing records and doing so with a technical prowess I hadn't ever seen before. I had an epiphany, that night. I watched this dj just control a crowd and they were loving it. I had been having trouble forming a new band because I had a really strong opinion of what i wanted it to sound like and others didn't seem to see eye to eye with me. I was always telling people how to play and what to play with their instruments. As you can imagine, no one really liked that hahaha. Little did i know i was a producer in the making. I had all these ideas but I wasn't capable of playing them or truly expressing them yet. So back to this party, I was shocked to see this dj setting the vibe and expressing himself through playing records. I sat there all night bugging him to let me try it. Of course, he kept saying no, get lost. Finally as it got later and he got drunker, he told me " If you want to make a fool of yourself go ahead" and handed me the headphones. I had never touched a turntable or mixer in my life, but i had been watching him do it all night. So i got up there and started flipping through his records, which i knew absolutely nothing about, they were all house records. The only record i knew was a Micheal Jackson record - " Don't Stop Till You Get Enough" so i grabbed it and somehow magically blended a perfect mix on my first try and the crowd went nuts!! Most likely because it was MJ and that song gets any party hype hahah.. So i grabbed another record i didn't know and tried again and completely train wrecked and the dj grabbed the head phones back from me and went back on. That one moment of glory though was enough to set it all off for me. The next week i was at his house begging him to teach me and practice on his turntables. Its just snowballed from there. i was hooked, started buying records, eventually got turntables, a club night, started dj'ing all over. I learned to dj playing house music but i was much more into Hip Hop and Funk and Soul. After about a year, i realized i wanted to actually make tracks and not just be a dj. So i got a drum machine, and then a sampler, and a four track and there you have it, i was on my way to doing what i still love to do today.

DT: What are you currently listening to? Does this affect the evolution of your current sound? Do you find yourself holding onto influences and themes of the past over new music tendencies or is how you make music flowing more with the changing of the times?

SK: That question is pretty difficult because I listen to so much music all the time. I really don't listen to any one style of music constantly. I love to discover old music that I didn't know. Record collecting is still one of my favorite hobbies so Im constantly finding stuff from the past that is incredibly inspiring and influential in the music i make today. I think i am much more inspired by the sounds of the past than i am the sounds of most fo todays music. As an artist, your tastes are constantly evolving, and to me thats a beautiful thing. It shows your own growth, and life is all about growing. When I am not in the studio working, i generally prefer to listen to old records. Jazz, Brazilian, African, weird electronic library records, New Age music and i love 80's Soul/R&B boogie stuff!

DT: You've been a pretty important staple in the "beat scene" for over a decade now. Low End Theory (which has now sadly come to a finale), Dublab, AllCity, Warp, Ghostly, Poobah, Project Mooncircle, even BBC and so many more love you. You are the modern hero to the independent beat maker. Do you feel like growing up on the west coast had any impact on early exposure to this musical way of thought? Able to meet the right people, get pushed in the right directions, etc?

SK: Thanks man, so nice of you. I think just having a forward thinking attitude about music and life really helped me most. Low End was a great place that helped me get noticed and meet tons of incredible people who shared similar perspectives on music. Before Low End though, we had a night called Sketchbook which was essentially an early version of all of that. Our goal was just to push the weirder left field side of hip hop and downtempo electronic music before it was actually cool. It was an uphill battle at first but but we just did it out of love for the music and a passion to play stuff no one else was playing.

DT: How has the "beats" community changed since you first entered it? Some would argue what was once a niche LA sound has spread worldwide and transformed through the different cultures. Does this influence your music?

SK: When we started doing this, it was just our own form of expression, we had no idea it would eventually grow into the "Beat Scene"  and now in turn,  people call it Lo Fi hip hop.. i just laugh. Its all good. I think there are tons of great producers out there making really interesting beats!! So Im happy to maybe have been a part of the birth of whatever the movement wants to call itself now. I think I am more in awe and influenced by the OG's than the new comers. To me everyone has one great record in them.. But to put out great music for years and years, thats a different story. That is what inspires and influences me the most. When i leave this earth, I want to leave behind a vast catalog of musical creations, regardless of if any of it was commercially successful or popular. Just like most of the records I admire most from 30-40 years ago. They were never hugely popular, but they were incredible!

DT: What is your creative process like? Do you start with the tool or from the imagination? Or both? Do you find yourself ever using traditional methods for making music or do you normally stick to the DAW? (which DAW/gear do you use?)

SK: My process really varies. Sometimes I start with a sample, other-times i just lay out a chord progression on the piano or a synth and build from there. I try to find new ways to tap into creativity so that im not bored. There is really no one single approach to making music. I use Ableton as my main DAW but I also use a ton of external instruments like synths, guitars, bass, drum machines, percussion instruments, vinyl samples.

DT: Fine Lines, your latest release from FoF Music is incredible. Did you have a specific aural goal with this album or did you just create and let the sound emerge naturally? Are you currently working on anything for the future or currently focusing more on support for your latest release? Anything exciting planned for 2019?

SK: With the 'Fine Lines' album I really wanted to create a cohesive album that embodied a specific vibe. How that vibe is perceived is up to the listener of course, but i sought out to make something that was indicative of my life during the making of these songs. In its most basic explanation its a story of growth, love, battling darkness both inner and outer and the never ending search for true happiness hahha. Yes I have a bunch of stuff slated for 2019. First off i just launched my label Tone and Manor. We just released our first compilation " All Over the Place" Vol. 1 and have Vol. 2 coming out in November.   The Tone and Manor label is a passion project of mine. I teach music production at Point Blank Music Academy and I mentor a lot of young producers and beginners and the label is a way for me to help some of them get their music out there into the often confusing music sphere. I also have a new album coming out in 2019.. Im really excited about that. For this one I am really going back to my roots. Analog synths, samples, instruments and in general a more organic vibe to the music. Its getting closed to finish and im really hyped to share it when its ready. The first single will likely come out early 2019.

DT: Do you find that switching your name brought any confusion? Do Sweatson Klank and TAKE focus on separate sounds or do they have a similar theme you aim for?

SK: Switching my name from Take to Sweatson Klank was purely for the reason that Take became increasingly impossible to find online, being that its a verb used in every other sentence. It was a bit hard at first to re-brand but im glad i did it. The sound has always been me. Its the evolution of me as an artist. If i was still TAKE the songs I've released as Sweatson Klank would be the same. It was really just a name change, not a style change. The intention hasn't changed.

DT: Please recommend something you're currently listening to, favorite place to get food in LA (are you an LA native), and a film or book if you have had time to indulge.

SK: Currently as i write this i am listening to a track from 1985 called 'Plastic Love' by a Japanese Female Soul artist named Mariya Takeuchi. The list of things i listen to could fill up 3 pages hahaha. Lets just say i listen to everything!!! I stay up on the latest hip hop, house, techno but I find more pleasure in digging through old records and discovery things from different times and countries!! Yes, I would say I am an LA native, I moved here from Paris, France when I was 5. Favorite place to eat really depends on the mood! Sushi Gen in Little Tokyo is definitely a regular in my rotation. Current read; The book of Joy by Douglas AbramsI just want thanks for taking the time to shine a light on me and my work, I hope your readers enjoy.

Sweatson Klank’s music is available direct from the artist through bandcamp: https://sweatsonklank.bandcamp.com

And his label’s discography as well: https://toneandmanor.bandcamp.com

Huge thanks to Tom Wilson for taking the time to talk with us and give a window to his world.

#features #take #sweatson klank #los angeles #dublab #sketchbook #low end theory #beat scene #alpha pup #brainfeeder

[distant-rose]

Ro’s Gigantic Masterpost of Pirate Information (That No One Asked For)

Notes: Hi folks! It’s me again! I should be writing shitty fan fiction but instead I’m trying to do you all a solid and share all the notes I’ve compiled on pirates and piracy over the course of outlining and writing Beth’s segment of my LP series. I won’t link you to it, but if you like OUAT, Captain Swan and semi-realistic original characters I suggest giving it a shot. Anyway, I’m a fucking nerd who does way more research that most people do for their dissertations on fan fiction of all things. However, along with being a nerd, I try to and constantly fail to be a good person and be transparent with my research so you can not only understand my thought process but use it yourselves. So, without further ado, I give you my master post on all the pirate information you need to possibly write pirate fanfiction.

PARTS OF A SHIP

Aft (or abaft) - At, in, toward, or close to the rear of the ship

Amidshop – the middle of aship

Ballast – Heavy material that is placed in the hold of a ship to enhance stability

Beam - A piece of timber perpendicular to the sides of a ship which supports the deck. Also used to identify objects in relation to objects perpendicular to the ship that are visible from the port or starboard side.

Bilge – 1) The lowest part inside the ship, within the hull itself which is the first place to show signs of leakage. The bilge is often dank and musty, and considered the most filthy, dead space of a ship. 2) Nonsense, or foolish talk.

Bilge water - Water inside the bilge, sometimes referred to as "bilge" itself.

Bittacle - A box on the deck of a ship holding the ship’s compass.

Boom - A horizontal pole along the bottom edge of a mast to which the mast is fastened.

Boom Chain - A chain or other obstacle strung between two points across a body of water to impede navigation, sometimes strung between a boat and shore.

Bow - The front of a ship.

Bowsprit - The slanted spar at a ship's prow jutting out in front of the ship. It is usually used as a lead connection for a small navigational sail.

Broadside - A general term for the vantage on another ship of absolute perpendicular to the direction it is going. To get along broadside a ship was to take it at a very vulnerable angle. This is of course, the largest dimension of a ship and is easiest to attack with larger arms. A "Broadside" has come to indicate a hit with a cannon or similar attack right in the main part of the ship.

Bulkhead - A partition or dividing wall within the hull of a ship.

Cablestore – Lowest storage section, often hidden and used for contraband

Crow’s Nest - A small platform, sometimes enclosed, near the top of a mast, where a lookout could have a better view when watching for sails or for land.

Focsle (Forecastle) – 1) The section of the upper deck of a ship located at the bow forward of the foremast. 2) A superstructure at the bow of a merchant ship where the crew is housed.

Gangplank - A board or ramp used as a removable footway between a ship and a pier.

Gangway - 1) A passage along either side of a ships upper deck. 2) A gangplank. 3) An interjection used to clear a passage through a crowded area.

Gunwale (gunnel, gunwall) - The elevated side edges of a boat which strengthen its structure and act as a railing around the gun deck. In warships the gunwale has openings where heavy arms or guns are positioned.

Helm - The steering wheel of a ship which controls the rudder.

Hold - A large area for storing cargo in the lower part of a ship.

Hull - The body of a ship.

Jacob’s Ladder - A rope ladder with wooden rungs used to access a ship from the side.

Keel - The underside of a ship which becomes covered in barnacles after sailing the seas.

Killick - A small anchor, especially one made of a stone in a wooden frame.

Lee - The side away from the direction from which the wind blows.

Mizzenmast - The largest and, perhaps, most important mast. It is the third mast or the mast aft of a mainmast on a ship having three or more masts.

Poop deck - The highest deck at the stern of a large ship, usually above the captains quarters.

Main - The longest mast located in the middle of a ship.

Port - The left side of the ship when you are facing toward her prow opposite of starboard).

Prow - The forwardmost area of the ship.

Quarterdeck - The after part of the upper deck of a ship.

Rigging - The system of ropes, chains, and tackle used to support and control the masts, sails, and yards of a sailing vessel.

Rudder - A flat piece of wood at the stern of a ship that dips into the water and is used for steering. The rudder is controlled at the helm.

Scuppers - Openings along the edges of a ship's deck that allow water on deck to drain back to the sea rather than collecting in the bilge.

Scuttle - 1) A small opening or hatch with a movable lid in the deck or hull of a ship. 2) To sink by means of a hole in a ships hull.

Stern - The rear part of a ship.

Starboard - The right side of the ship when you are facing toward her prow (opposite of port).

Sternpost - An upright beam at the stern bearing the rudder.

Tack - 1) The lower forward corner of a fore-and-aft sail. 2) The position of a vessel relative to the trim of its sails. 3) The act of repositioning a sail in order to change which side the wind catches it.

Transom - Any of several transverse beams affixed to the sternpost of a wooden ship and forming part of the stern.

Yardarm - 1) Either end of a yard of a square sail. 2) The main arm across the mast which holds up the sail. The yardarm is a vulnerable target in combat, and is also a favorite place from which to hang prisoners or enemies. Black Bart hung the governor of Martinique from his yardarm.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF SHIPS

Bark - Bark (or Barque) were light and fast ships with a shallow draft. Because of its small size and a specific design, the pirates favored and often used bark. It usually carried at least three masts. They were all rigged with the square sails, except on the mizzen-mast, which was rigged with the fore-and-aft sails. This type of ship was the most popular in the 19th century. An average capacity of a bark was 500 tons and she could carry up to 100 men. Barques were also designed with four or five masts, and those versions had much higher capacity. A bark was also mentioned as a general term for any small-sized ship.

Brigantine (Brigs)*** - The brigs were quite small ships, one of the smallest in a long period, with only 150 - 250 tons of capacity. Therefore, they were extremely fast. The other advantage was that brig had supreme maneuver abilities. Ship required a lot of skilled men to control it. It contained two masts, both square rigged. They were mostly used as the merchant ships, but sometimes even for a war purposes. The brigs were very similar to the snows and brigantines, but with some varieties. While brigantine's fore-mast was also square rigged, basic difference was that the main-mast carried fore-and-aft sails. This was the big advantage because a brigantine sailed fast in every possible wind condition. There was also a hermaphrodite brig (brig-schooner) which was almost identical to a brig, except the main-mast was lateen-rigged.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT IS THE SHIP TYPE OF THE JOLLY ROGER.

Caravel - Probably the most used ship of the 15th century, but also used in the 16th and 17th. The original, Mediterranean version, was lateen rigged (the sails shaped like triangle) on the two masts. Later, Spanish and Portuguese developed caravel into a three-masted shipwith the first two masts square rigged and lateen rigged on the mizzen-mast. Some caravels even had four masts. They were small sized ships (from 80 to 130 tons), about 75 feet long. They were also highly maneuverable. Because of a shallow hull, the caravels were mostly used for a long voyages and the exploration of the African coast. Sometimes they were mounted with the guns and used as a warship. A big weakness was a lack of cargo capacity and the small living quarters. Even Christopher Columbus used two caravels for his famous expedition in 1492. One of them was his famous flagship, the “Santa Maria”.

Carrack - It was most popular at the end of the 15th and in the 16th century. In the beginning carrack were used mostly as a merchant ship. However, in the 16th century, it was upgraded with all new equipment to prevent pirate's attacks. Carracks were first ships with the guns mounted low in the hull. Such powerful and well-armed ships were used as the warships. An example was King Henry VIII's “Mary Rose”. They were the largest ships in that period, usually over 1,000 tons. A carrack sometimes had two or four masts, but usually was three-masted, first two square-rigged and lateen rigged on the mizzen-mast. As a carrack developed, the topsails were added on the main-mast and the fore-mast. This ship also featured a high forecastle and stern which allowed big crew and large fighting tops. The carracks were mostly used by the Spanish and Portuguese and they were similar to the galleons and caravels.

Dutch Flute - Dutch flute was the most seen in European waters in the beginning of the 17th century. The ships were usually three-masted with first two square-rigged and lateen rigged on the mizzen-mast. With a very large capacity for its size, this ship was most common cargo carrier in that period. The other advantage that Dutch flute had over the other ships was a low expenses and big benefits. They were inexpensive to build and required a small crew. The pirates favored to attack this type of ship because it was lightly armed or even unarmed. Dutch flute's weight was around 300 ton, and they were generally 80 foot long.

Frigate - the first frigates appeared in the 17th Century. It was a medium-sized class of a warship with an average weight of 1,000 tons. They were three-masted ships with the square sails, raised forecastle and quarterdeck. Also there were 24 to 40 mounted guns on a two and a half gun decks. The advanced, two decked versions had up to 70 guns. There were many purposes for the frigates like escort, patrols, scouting, shore bombardment… They were also used to hunt and defend against the pirates and privateers. Inside a ship, there was a space usually for 50 to 200 crewmembers. A big advantage of those ships was speed and great maneuverable abilities for its size, but the frigates could not stand a chance in the engagements against the larger warships like a ship-of-the-line.

Galleon - The galleons were designed and developed by Spanish during the 15th to the 17th century. The galleons were used as a treasure and merchant ships as many others used in that period. However, many pirates were attracted by their large cargo, so they were armed well and sometimes they had been used as the warships. It was a large ship with an average capacity of 500 tons, and had a great speed for its size. Most galleons have three masts, two square rigged with a lateen sail on the stern-most mast. Two or more gun decks were also included with 70-100 guns. The poop deck was raised high and a crew counted 200-400 sailors. People say that galleon was the evolution of a caravel and was more maneuverable.

Galley - Galley had a long history, dating back to the ancient times. They were used widely by the pirates of the Barbary Coast in the Mediterranean in the 15th and the 16th century. They were usually long and lean, with one or more masts rigged with the lateen sails. However, the main source of speed didn't come from the masts. It came from the oars rowed by salves or convicts below the flush deck. A galley had a shallow draft and only one deck. There were only few guns mounted because the attacks were usually based on manpower. Therefore, 100 or more pirates were always ready to overpower the other crew. Perhaps the most famous one was the “Adventure Galley”. It was made in England for Captain William Kidd's privateering work in 1695.

Schooner - A schooner could reach up to 11 knots in the right conditions, carried up to 75 crewmen and had 8-12 guns. All those features enabled the pirates to navigate easily in shallow waters and shoals, allowing them quick escape or to attack suddenly. There were usually two-masted, but also there were versions which had three or four masts. All masts were fore-and-aft rigged. A disadvantage was that schooners had limited cruising range.

Ship of the Line - These gigantic overpowering warships were certainly the most powerful ships from the 16th to the 18th century. They were similar to frigate in design, but also very expensive and luxurious. Many skilled sailors were required to control that enormous ship. There were usually over 850 men aboard. More than 100 guns were mounted on two, three or even four decks. Their weight was around 1,000 tons. Like many other ships in that period, ship-of-the-line had 3 masts. The fore-mast and main-mast were always square-rigged and the mizzen-mast was sometimes rigged with fore-and-aft sails. The modern battleships have been associated with this type of ship.

Sloop - Despite it was a small ship, a sloop was certainly the most popular ship among the pirates. That's because they were fast (11 knots), highly maneuverable, and have a shallow hull. The sloops easily sailed over shoals. They were fast even without the wind because of a few pair of oars. That's why a sloop made a perfect fit for any quick pirates' action. It usually had only the main-mast which was fore-and-aft-rigged. Sloop was rarely two masted. There was also at least one jib before mast. A crew usually contains up to 75 men and 14 guns. Length was 60 feet and weight around 100 tons. The naval sloop was a bigger version which was upgraded with more guns for the military purposes.

Snow - A snow had been the largest two-masted ship for many centuries. His weight was around 1000 tons. As almost an identical ship to a brig, snow carried the square sails on both fore-mast and main-mast. A snow was also equipped with an additional trysail mast (used during storm to keep a ship from the wind) which was behind the main-mast. These ships were used for both, battle and merchant purposes. Usually around 80 seamen were boarded. A battle version (Naval Snow) was larger and better armed for the military purposes. Up to 10 cannons were mounted on only one gun deck. Mainly used by the British, this type of the ships was commonly employed by Royal Navy for a pirate hunting.

ATTACK TACTICS

Pirate ships usually carried far more crew than ordinary ships of a similar size. This meant they could easily outnumber their victims. Pirates altered their ships so that they could carry far more cannon than merchant ships of the same size. Stories about pirate brutality meant that many of the most famous pirates had a terrifying reputation, and they advertised this by flying various gruesome flags including the 'Jolly Roger' with its picture of skull and crossbones. All these things together meant that victims often surrendered very quickly. Sometimes there was no fighting at all. It's likely that most victims of pirates were just thrown overboard rather than being made to ‘walk the plank’.

NOTABLE POSITIONS ON A CREW

Captain - Unlike in the Royal Navy or merchant service, where the captain was a man with a great deal of experience and complete authority, a pirate captain was voted on by the crew and his authority was only absolute in the heat of battle or when giving chase. At other times, the captain's wishes could be dismissed by a simple majority vote of the crew. Pirates tended to like their captains to be not too aggressive and not too meek. A good captain had to know when a potential victim was too strong for them, without letting weaker quarry get away.

First Mate - The first mate is customarily a watchstander and is in charge of the ship's cargo and deck crew. Mediator between Captain and Quartmaster. Nominated by the Captain. Often acts as the ship’s financial officer/purser

Cabin Boy - A boy (in the sense of low-ranking young male employee, not always a minor in the juridical sense) who waits on the officers and passengers of a ship,especially running errands for the captain.

Navigator - Officers in charge of navigation and piloting. It was a very hard job because charts in those days were usually inaccurate or nonexistent.

Quartermaster - Pirates during the Golden Age of Piracy elevated the rank of quartermaster to much higher powers and responsibilities than it had aboard any merchant or naval vessel. The quartermaster was often granted a veto power by a pirate ship's "Articles of Agreement", in order to create an officer who could counterbalance the powers of the pirate captain. Pirate quartermasters, like pirate captains, were usually elected by their crews.

Boatswain - Junior officers. They were people who supervised all activities on a ship. Depending on the size of the ship and crew, they could have one or several duties. Duties ranged from anchoring to naval provisions. They reported to the Quartermaster or the Captain.

Cooper - Wooden barrels were very valuable, as they were the best way to store food, water and other necessities of life at sea. Every ship needed a cooper or a man skilled in making and maintaining barrels. Existing storage barrels had to be inspected regularly. Empty barrels were broken up to make space on small ships. The cooper would quickly put them back together if they stopped to take on food and water.

Carpenter  - The carpenter was in charge of the ship’s structural integrity. He generally answered to the Boatswain and would fix holes after combat, keep the masts and yardarms sound, and functional and know when the ship needed to be beached for maintenance and repairs. Ship's carpenters had to make do with what was at hand, as pirates usually could not use official dry docks in ports. Many times they would have to make repairs on some deserted island or stretch of beach, using only what they could scavenge or cannibalize from other parts of the ship.

Surgeon - Those that had them probably pressed surgeons into service. From surgeons, crew expected, to help them with diseases and wounds. Without proper medicines, every wound could become a source of infection, so amputations were often necessary in order save patient's life.

Cook - In charge of meals and food storage. Most ships nominated a crew member to take of meal preparation rather than hire someone who specialized.

Gunner/Powder Monkey - In charge of those who operated on the artillery. They watched for the safety of their man and usually aimed the cannons themselves.

Rigger - Riggers were the sailors whose job it was to manage the rigging and perform duties such as furl and release the sails. This was one of the most dangerous pirate crew positions due to the danger of slipping and falling high above the deck.

Bard  - Musicians were popular on board. Piracy was a tedious life, and a ship could spend weeks at sea waiting to find a suitable victim. Musicians helped to pass the time, and having some skill with a musical instrument brought with it certain privileges, such as playing while the others were working or even increased shares. Musicians were often taken off of the ships of their victims.

Justice/Codes/Terms of Agreement

The distribution of justice was a practice commonly adopted by pirates. Ships operated as limited democracies (for more details, see pirate code) and imposed their ideas of justice upon the crew of the ship that they captured. After capture, the crew would be questioned as to whether they had suffered cruel or unjust treatment from the commander of the ship. Any commanders "against whom Complaint was made" would be punished or even executed. This punishment was not indiscriminately given to all ship's commanders. An "honest Fellow that never abused any Sailors" would be rewarded, and sometimes freed. This distribution of justice was seen as of profound importance by pirates. Bartholomew Roberts' crew even designated a member of his crew, George Wilson, as their "Dispenser of Justice". Linebaugh and Rediker describe the early eighteenth-century pirate ship as "democratic in an undemocratic age" as well as "egalitarian in a hierarchical age, as pirates divided their plunder equally, leveling all the elaborate structure of pay ranks common to all other maritime employments."

Pirates during this time period "distributed justice, elected officers, divided loot equally, and establish a different discipline. They limited the authority of the captain, resisted many of the practices of the capitalists merchant shipping industry, and maintained a multicultural, multiracial, multinational social order."

Before a pirate ship left port all pirates collaborated and signed a document called the articles of agreement, also known as the pirate code. The pirate code was a group of rules that all pirates had to follow aboard a ship. Some of these included things like keeping ones weapons at ready at all times and not smoking near gunpowder. Others were curfews for drinking and partying below deck and efforts to curtail gambling which created internal conflicts. Overall, pirates were pretty democratic but the punishments for breaking the agreed upon articles was often severe.

The ships articles would determine what shares each pirate got along with regulations for inter-group fighting and discipline. They would also regulate what happened when things like loss of limb or eyes occurred. It was more or less an extension of the broader pirate governments that they all resided under.

While it may seem unfathomable today in the age of nations and superpowers, there was a very real possibility that existed in the 18th century during the Post Spanish Succession Period for the Flying Gang pirates to actually establish their own republic in the West Indies if they chose to, expounding on the fledgling Republic of Pirates that was started on Nassau.

In fact, this idea scared the ruling classes of the imperial powers so much it was the driving reason behind the extermination of their former soldiers and privateers. Branded as pirates by the world governments, these men were secretly loved by the community due to their pursuits against the tyranny and oppression of the time. It is also hard to imagine a pirate government as well, a complete libertarian society ruled by a much different and decentralized structure that stood in start contrast to the monarchy model that even persists today.

While pirates championed the ideas of freedom, liberty and the pursuit of happiness long before the founding fathers of America they also lived one of the most grueling and toughest lifestyles. Life aboard a wooden sailing ship was little better in the 18th century as it was in the 16th century and your home could one day become your tomb. Therefore while the pirate captain was elected by his crew there was also a level of strictness incorporated with life aboard the ship. This was necessary for survival and while the pirates surely enjoyed themselves in port they needed a code in order to survive on the high seas.

Pirate Code of Captain Charles Johnson and Bartholomew Roberts

Every man shall have an equal vote in affairs of moment. He shall have an equal title to the fresh provisions or strong liquors at any time seized, and shall use them at pleasure unless a scarcity may make it necessary for the common good that a retrenchment may be voted.

Every man shall be called fairly in turn by the list on board of prizes, because over and above their proper share, they are allowed a shift of clothes. But if they defraud the company to the value of even one dollar in plate, jewels or money, they shall be marooned. If any man rob another he shall have his nose and ears slit, and be put ashore where he shall be sure to encounter hardships.

None shall game for money either with dice or cards.

The lights and candles should be put out at eight at night, and if any of the crew desire to drink after that hour they shall sit upon the open deck without lights.

Each man shall keep his piece, cutlass and pistols at all times clean and ready for action.

He that shall desert the ship or his quarters in time of battle shall be punished by death or marooning.

None shall strike another on board the ship, but every man's quarrel shall be ended on shore by sword or pistol in this manner. At the word of command from the quartermaster, each man being previously placed back to back, shall turn and fire immediately. If any man do not, the quartermaster shall knock the piece out of his hand. If both miss their aim they shall take to their cutlasses, and he that draw the first blood shall be declared the victor.

No man shall talk of breaking up their way of living till each has a share of 1,000. Every man who shall become a cripple or lose a limb in the service shall have 800 pieces of eight from the common stock and for lesser hurts proportionately.

The captain and the quartermaster shall each receive two shares of a prize, the master gunner and boatswain, one and one half shares, all other officers one and one quarter, and private gentlemen of fortune one share each.

The musicians shall have rest on the Sabbath Day only by right. On all other days by favor only

Examples of punishments commonly seen on pirate ships:

Being cast adrift for any rule breaking

Being shot for stealing

Getting 40 lashes for fighting onboard

Restricted food privileges for gambling onboard

LIFE ABOARD A PIRATE SHIP - A PIRATE’S LIFE FOR ME

A mariner’s life was anything but comfortable. He lived belowdecks in dim, cramped, and filthy quarters. Rats and cockroaches abounded in the bowels of the ship. Privacy was nonexistent, especially aboard a pirate ship where two hundred men might inhabit a world measuring one hundred twenty by forty feet. Within the pages of Five Naval Journals 1789-1817, an anonymous sailor said, “On the same deck with me…slept between five and six hundred men; and the ports being necessarily closed from evening to morning, the heat in this cavern of only six feet high, and so entirely filled with human bodies, was overpowering.”

Bathroom facilities were primitive. Rotting provisions, bilgewater, and unwashed bodies made the air rank. A storm meant days of dampness after it passed. Headroom between decks posed problems for taller men. Captain Rotheram of the HMS Bellerophon, whose gun deck headroom measured five feet eight inches, surveyed his crew and found they averaged five feet five inches in height.

According to a sailor named Barrow, “There are no men under the sun that fare harder and get their living more hard and that are so abused on all sides as we poor seamen…so I could wish no young man to betake himself to this calling unless he had good friends to put him in place or supply his wants, for he shall find a great deal more to his sorrow than I have writ.” For these reasons most sailors were in their mid-twenties, having gone to sea much earlier. Whether pirate or seaman, they had to have stamina and dexterity that older men no longer possessed. They also spent from three months to several years away from home.

Added to these problems were the dangers inherent in a sailor’s life. He might plummet to his death while working the sails high above the deck. He might fall overboard, in which case the ship rarely returned for him and few sailors knew how to swim. Plus there was the danger of sharks in tropical waters. Then there was the danger of fire or shipwreck. Also, the dull routine that was the norm between the sighting of sail and boarding a prize, numbed sailors’ minds. Accidents and natural disasters certainly claimed sailors’ lives, as did sea fights, but men were far more likely to succumb to disease than anything else. Scurvy, dysentery, tuberculosis, typhus, smallpox, malaria, and yellow fever killed half of all seamen.  According to David Cordingly, “It has been calculated that during the wars against Revolutionary and Napoleonic France of 1793 to 1815 approximately 100,000 British seamen died. Of this number 1.5 per cent died in battle, 12 per cent died in shipwrecks or similar disasters, 20 per cent died from shipboard or dockside accidents, and no less than 65 per cent died from disease.” 

Another aspect of life at sea involved sailors’ leisure time. Whether pirate or not, they enjoyed many of the same activities, only the amount differed, particularly where drink was concerned. While gambling did occur, it wasn’t conducive to harmony amongst the men, and even the pirates included it as an intolerable infraction in their articles of agreement. Chewing tobacco, scrimshaw, and embroidery were popular pastimes. They also spun yarns about fearsome ghosts and goblins. When pirates boarded a prize, musicians were among the most sought after sailors enlisted into the ranks of the pirates, whether they joined willingly or were forced, because pirates loved entertainment.

Why did sailors take the extra risk of going on the account? Piracy offered a number of advantages, not the least of which was freedom from the harsh discipline suffered in the Royal Navy or aboard a merchantman. Pirates rarely flogged their mates, and while marooning and death were severe forms of punishment, they never endured six hundred lashes, swallowing cockroaches or iron bolts to learn a lesson. Nor would a pirate captain dare to cut out an eye as happened to Richard Desbrough.9  Life on land was equally fraught with cruel punishments, for use of the thumbscrew, pillory, and branding iron were still in use. “Children as young as seven, both boys and girls, were hanged. …[I]n 1698, Parliament had passed a law that the theft of good, worth more than five shillings, rated the death penalty.”

When a sea captain refused to join his crew, one pirate said, “Damn ye, you are a sneaking puppy and so are all those who will submit to be governed by laws which rich men have made for their own security, for the cowardly whelps have not the courage otherwise to defend what they got by their knavery. But damn ye altogether. Damn them for a pack of craft rascals, and you, who serve them, for a parcel of hen-hearted numbskulls. They vilify us, the scoundrels do, then there is only this difference, they rob the poor under the cover of law, forsooth, and we plunder the rich under the protection of our own courage; had ye not better make one of use, than sneak after the arses of those villains for employment?”

 Aside from freedom, the financial rewards were far greater as a pirate than as a legitimate sailor, especially since pirates shared their plunder more equitably than privateers or the navy did. Gold, silver, silks, spices, timber, and a variety of other commodities made lucrative prizes. A privateer in the early seventeenth century might receive £10, the wages of most sailors for one year. A pirate, on the other hand, had the potential of earning up to £4,000 in a year, although he rarely held onto his ill-gotten gains for long. In 1695, Captain Avery and his men captured the Gunsway, and netted about £1,000 each. In 1721, pirates under John Taylor and Oliver la Buze netted £875,000 after seizing a Portuguese East Indiaman.  

FOOD

The first couple of weeks at sea was full of meat, cheese, fresh veggies, eggs, and you name it.  After that the food slowly but surely started to spoil, rot, mold and go rancid. That's why most of the food in storage was either dry beans, pickled food or salted food like salted meat. The quality and variety of the food was certainly found lacking after a few months at sea. Chickens were kept for the eggs until they were eaten or died. Cows were kept for the milk until the food supply for the cow had depleted.  When the cow no longer had food to live, it was then time to eat the cow. 

In the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic period, seamen ate a rather bland and routine diet. On Mondays they ate cheese and duff (flour pudding), Tuesdays and Saturdays boiled beef, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays dried peas and duff. On Sundays they were served dried pork and Figgy Dowdy or a similar treat. Supper consisted of leftovers from dinner, a biscuit, and a pint of grog. In contrast, on 14 August 1781, a rear-admiral served twelve dinners one meal that included: boiled ducks smothered with onions, roast goose, tarts, beaten butter, potatoes, French beans, whipped cream, fruit fritters, bacon, apple pie, boiled fowl, carrots and turnips, albacore, Spanish fritters, boiled beef, and roast mutton.

The meat was frequently rotten and it was very common to see maggots.  The bread was full of weevils, even the hardtack sea biscuits which usually lasted for up to 12 months if kept dry.  To restock their provisions, pirates stole from the ships they seized. They also supplemented their diets with dolphins, albacore tuna, and other varieties of fish. One particular food was the green turtle. They “are extremely good to eat--the flesh very sweet and the fat green and delicious. This fat is so penetrating that when you have eaten nothing but turtle flesh for three or four weeks, your shirt becomes so greasy from sweat you can squeeze the oil out and your limbs are weighed down with it.”8 They enjoyed salamagundi, which resembled a chef’s salad. Marinated bits of fish, turtle, and meat were combined with herbs, palm hearts, spiced wine, and oil, then served with hard-boiled eggs, pickled onions, cabbage, grapes, and olives. Pirates also ate yams, plantains, pineapples, papayas, and other fruits and vegetables indigenous to the tropics.

Pirates were known to catch a sea turtle here and there which was a welcomed meal.  Bones from everything was kept to make Pirate Bone Soup for when the going got rough.

 Bone Soup was eaten thick or drank thin by sea pirates. Life at Sea was difficult so "Pirate Bone Soup" was made from anything and everything from animal bones, fish bones to even bone and flesh from rats that were living aboard the ships when rations were low. In the Caribbean, they also caught turtle for fresh meat which was sometimes added to soups. Bone Soup has always had a history of being healing and helpful to the body but in the case of Pirate Bone Soup, it was cooked with the idea to simply stay alive during long sea voyages.  Pirate Bone Soup may of carried alot of calcium value from all the stewing bones but there would of been a lot of unhealthy things in the soup as well. such as: diseased rats, close to rottening meat, maggots, weevils, etc. 

Galley cooks were known to use a lot of herbs and spices to cover up the taste of spoiled ingredients. Vegetables and meat were usually pickled or salted to preserve the food.  Ships on long voyages relied on biscuits, dried beans and salted beef to live. Without proper food, many sailors got sick and died of scurvy.

Popular/common foods:

Sauerkraut

Bombo

Hard tack

Oats

Salamagundi

Salted meats

Turtle meat

Fish

Dehydrated vegetables like peas

Bone Soup

Vinegar

Pickled fruits

Pickled limes and lemons

MORE GENERAL/STANDARD ALLOATION OF FOOD OVER A WEEK FOR SHORT TRIPS (2 WEEKS/1 MONTH):

4 pounds of salted beef

2 pounds of salted pork

2 pint of peas

3 pints of oats

6 ounces of butter

12 ounces of cheese

1 pound of bread per day

1 gallon of beer/ale/alcoholic beverage per day

ALSO NOTE: FOOD STORAGE ISSUES AND STARVATION WERE COMMON: When their provisions ran scarce, pirates did resort to extreme measures. Charlotte de Berry’s crew purportedly ate two slaves and her husband. In 1670, Sir Henry Morgan’s crew ate their leather satchels. According to written accounts, they cut the leather into strips. After soaking these, they beat and rubbed the leather with stones to tenderize them. They scraped off the hair, then roasted or grilled the strips before cutting them into bite-size pieces.

FASHION

Pirate clothing would have been made out of materials such as linen, wool, silk, hemp or fustian. These materials were readily available in the Caribbean at the time and would have also incorporated some tanned leather for armor.

A big hoop earring on a sailor meant that he had sailed around the world or had crossed the equator. Superstitious sailors wore gold hoop earrings because they believed it brought good fortune. Some believed that the gold possessed magic healing powers or that it served as a protective talisman that would prevent the wearer from drowning. As strange as it may seem, some pirates believed that wearing earrings helped protect their hearing. They had good reason to want to protect it since they were often firing huge cannons and found themselves near extremely loud noises. The dangling wax from the earrings was used to plug their ears when shots were fired. Gold earrings were often sold post-mortem to pay for funeral costs. Some pirates even got the name of their home port engraved on their earrings in the hopes that a kind soul would send their body home (by bearing the expenses through the sale of their earrings, of course). 

Eye patches were worn but not to cover a missing eye.  The purpose of the eyepatch wasn’t to hide a missing eye as much as it was to help improve night vision. This was required for their job. During a raid, they had to run between, over, and under the deck. The eyepatch let them see clearly in both the bright light on the deck and in the darkness underneath.

Tattoos were also seen as lucky. Seafarers would usually tattoo a nautical star on their bodies as the North Star represented a signal that they were nearing home.

Cutting ones hair, nail trimming, and being clean shaven were seen as big no-nos.

NOTE: Sewing was a valuable skill at sea. Most sailors knew how to sew or would make a profit by fixing the clothes of crewmates.

VIEWS ON SEXUALITY

The truth may be more interesting than the fiction. Pirates rejected puritan society and were socially very liberal. They openly welcomed homosexuality and even had their own form of gay marriage. Matelotage was a civil partnership between two male pirates. Matelotage partners openly had sex with each other. The men shared their property, had the other as their named inheritor, and lived together. 

It just wasn’t always a strictly monogamous enterprise. Just as today, sexuality is a spectrum, and the relationships were sometimes bisexual. When the French sent hundreds of prostitutes into Tortuga in the mid-1600s, they were trying to counter matelotage. The result was not what they expected. The fluid sexuality of the pirate community welcomed the prostitutes and many engaged in threesomes with the women.

PIRATES AND WOMEN

While piracy was predominantly a male occupation throughout history, a minority of pirates were female. Female pirates, like other women in crime, faced gender and discrimination issues in both practicing this occupation and being punished for it. Pirates did not allow women onto their ships very often. Additionally, women were often regarded as bad luck among pirates. It was feared that the male members of the crew would argue and fight over the women. On many ships, women (as well as young boys) were prohibited by the ship's contract, which all crew members were required to sign

Because of the resistance to allowing women on board, many female pirates did not identify themselves as such. Anne Bonny, for example, dressed and acted as a man while on Captain Calico Jack's ship. She and Mary Read, another female pirate, are often identified as being unique in this regard.  However, it is possible many women dressed as men during the Golden Age of Piracy, in an effort to take advantage of the many rights, privileges, and freedoms that were exclusive to men.

Some women chose to marry pirates. These men were often very wealthy, but their wives tended not to gain wealth as a result of their marriages, as it was difficult for pirates to send home wages and booty earned overseas. These women's houses and establishments were often used as safe havens for pirates, who were considered enemies of all nations.

 During the Golden Age of Piracy, many men had to leave home to find employment or set sail for economic reasons.  This left women with the responsibilities of taking on traditionally male roles and filling the jobs that were left behind. The need for women to fill these roles led them to be granted rights that had historically been exclusive to men. Women were allowed to trade, own ships, and work as retailers. Often they were innkeepers or ran alehouses. In some seaside towns, laws were even written to allow widows to keep their husbands' responsibilities and property. This was important to local economies, as alehouses and other such establishments were centers of commerce, where pirates would congregate and trade with each other and with the people onshore.

As heads of these establishments, women had a considerable amount of freedom in business. They boarded and fed pirates, bought illegally pirated goods, acted as pawnbrokers for pirates, and even gave out loans - something many men, let alone women, viewed with great caution in that time period. At times, female business owners would even hide their clients when authorities came looking to arrest them for piracy.

Women noted as pirates in history

Viking Age and medieval pirates

Rusila (Norwegian) - Fought against her brother Thrond for the thrones of both Denmark and Norway. Possibly fictional. Recorded in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (History of the Danes). Johannes Steenstrup linked her to the Ingean Ruadh (Red Maid) of Irish folklore.

Stilka (Norwegian) - Sister of Rusila: Became a pirate to avoid marriage. Recorded in the Gesta Danorum

Princess Sela (Norwegian) - Sister of Koller, king of Norway. Horwendil (later to be father of Amleth/Hamlet) was King of Jutland but gave up the throne to become a pirate. Koller "deemed it would be a handsome deed" to kill the pirate and sailed to find the pirate fleet. Horwendil killed Koller but had to later kill Sela, who was a skilled warrior and experienced pirate, to end the war. Recorded in the Gesta Danorum.

Alvid (Norwegian) - Leader of a group of male and female pirates. Also recorded in the Gesta Danorum.

Wigbiorg, Hatha and Wisna (Norwegian) - All three are listed in the Gesta Danorum as sea captains. Wigbiorg died in battle, Hetha became queen of Zealand, and Wisna lost a hand in a duel.

Alfhild (Swedish) - Existence is disputed. Often wrongly dated to the 5th century.

Ladgerda (Norwegian) - Ladgerda is the inspiration for Hermintrude in Shakespeare's Hamlet.

Aethelflaed aka The Lady of the Mercians (English) - Eldest daughter of Alfred the Great of England. Became the military leader of the Anglo-Saxons after her husband's death in battle against the Danes in 911. Took command of the fleets to rid the seas of the Viking raiders.

Jeanne de Clisson aka Lioness of Brittany (Breton) - A Breton woman who became a pirate to avenge the execution of her husband. Attacked only French vessels.

Elise Eskilsdottir (Norwegian) - A Norwegian noble who became a pirate to avenge the execution of her husband. She operated outside the sea of the city of Bergen.

16th Century pirates

Gráinne Ní Mháille (Irish) - Gráinne Ní Mháille was Queen of Umaill, chieftain of the Ó Máille clan and a pirate in 16th century Ireland. She is an important figure in Irish folklore, and a historical figure in 16th century Irish history, and is sometimes known as "The Sea Queen Of Connaught". Biographies of her have been written primarily in the 20th and 21st centuries by the historian Anne Chambers.

Sayyida al Hurra (Moroccan) - Allied with the Turkish corsair Barbaros of Algiers. al Hurra controlled the western Mediterranean Sea while Barbaros controlled the eastern. Also prefect of Tétouan. In 1515 she became the last person in Islamic history to legitimately hold the title of "al Hurra" or Queen following the death of her husband who ruled Tétouan. She later married the King of Morocco, Ahmed al-Wattasi, but refused to leave Tétouan to do so. This marriage is the only time in Moroccan history a King has married away from the capital Fez.

Lady Mary Killigrew (English) - Mary was the daughter of a former Suffolk pirate. Mary's husband Sir Henry Killigrew, a former pirate himself, was made a Vice-Admiral by Queen Elizabeth I and tasked with suppressing piracy. Whenever her husband went to sea, Mary engaged in piracy using the staff of her castle (Arwenack Castle in Cornwall) as crew and possibly with the Queen's knowledge. In 1570, she captured a German merchant ship off Falmouth and her crew sailed it to Ireland to sell. However, the owner of this ship was a friend of Queen Elizabeth, who then had Lady Mary arrested and brought to trial at the Launceston assizes. Some sources say she was sentenced to death and then pardoned by the Queen, but this is due to confusion with another family member. According to sources, her family either bribed the jurors and she was acquitted, or Queen Elizabeth arranged a short jail sentence. Whatever transpired, she gave up piracy and took up fencing stolen goods until she died several years later.

Lady Elizabeth Killgrew (English) - Elizabeth and her husband Sir John lived in Pendennis Castle in Falmouth Harbour. In early 1581 a Spanish ship, the Marie of San Sebastian was blown down Channel by a storm and was forced, dismasted, to take refuge in Falmouth harbour. Lady Elizabeth led an attack on the ship and then fenced the proceeds. Lady Elizabeth was later arrested and sentenced to death but pardoned. Her husband Sir John was ordered by the Privy Council to restore the vessel and goods to their owners but went into hiding along with the ship which resulted in several warrants for his arrest being issued for acts of piracy committed over the next eight years.

17th Century Pirates

Elizabetha Patrickson (English)

Jacquotte Delahaye (French Haitian) - Caribbean pirate. Also known as "Back from the Dead Red" due to her red hair and return to piracy after faking her own death and hiding dressed as a man for several years.

Christian Anna Skytte (Swedish) - She actively participated in the secret piracy conducted by her brother and spouse in the Baltic sea.

Anne Dieu-le-Veut (French) - Caribbean pirate and later based in Mississippi after Tortuga was closed down. Dieu-Le-Veut was a nickname meaning "God wills it" and given to her as it seemed anything she wanted God gave her. Married to a pirate, Anne challenged pirate Laurens de Graaf to a duel after he killed her husband in 1683. He refused and she became his common law wife, fighting by his side and sharing command.

18th Century Pirates

Maria Lindsey or Maria Cobham (English) - The wife of Captain Eric Cobham and possibly fictional. Pirate operating on the Canadian east coast.

Ingela Gathenhielm (Swedish) - Often listed separately in lists of pirates but is likely to be Maria Lindsey (see above)

Anne Bonny (Irish) - Caribbean pirate. Married to pirate James Bonny, had an affair with pirate John "Calico Jack" Rackham, and later joined his crew. Discovered another crew member Mark Read was secretly a woman (Mary Read) and the two became very close. This of course is Wikipedia-speak for “Harold, they’re lesbians.”

Mary Read aka Mark Read (English) - Caribbean pirate. As a man, Mary went to sea and later joined the British army, fighting in the War Of The Spanish Succession. Mary married and settled down as a woman but returned to male dress following the death of her husband, later boarding a ship bound for the West Indies. Captured by "Calico" Jack Rackham, Mary joined his crew. In 1721, she died in prison.

Mary Farley, alias Mary Harvey (Irish) - In 1725, Mary Harvey and her husband Thomas were transported to the Province of Carolina as felons. In 1726, Mary and three men were tried for piracy. Two of the men were hanged (their leader John Vidal was convicted and later pardoned) but Mary was released. Her husband Thomas was never caught.

Mary Crickett (English) - In 1728, Mary Crickett and Edmund Williams were transported to the colony of Virginia together as felons. In 1729, along with four other men, both were convicted of piracy and hanged.

Flora Burn (English) - Operated on the East Coast of North America.

Rachel Well (American) - Married George Wall, a former privateer who served in the Revolutionary War, when she was sixteen years old. Operated on the New England Coast. Thought to be the first American female pirate. In 1782, George and the rest of his crew were drowned in a storm. She was accused of robbery in 1789 and confessed to being a pirate. She was convicted and sentenced to death by hanging.

Charlotte de Berry (English) - Possibly fictional.

19th Century Pirates

Ching Shih (Chinese) - She was a prostitute who married a pirate and rose to prominence after his death. Regarded as one of the most powerful pirates in human history, she commanded her husband's fleet after his death. While the fleet she inherited was already large, she further increased the number of ships and crew. At its height, her fleet was composed of more than 1,500 ships and 80,000 sailors. She controlled much of the waters of the South China Sea. After years of piracy during which British, Chinese and Portuguese navies could not defeat her, China offered her peace in 1810 and she was able to retire and married the second in command,

Charlotte Badger and Catherine Hagerty (English) - Widely considered to be the first Australian female pirate. The ship Venus, due to a shortage of man-power, took on convicts including Badger and Hagerty as crew while in Australia. After docking at Port Dalrymple, Tasmania, the Captain went ashore and the crew seized the ship, sailing for New Zealand. Hagerty along with two other convicts, a woman named Charlotte Edgar and a child were put ashore at the Bay of Islands with a supply of stores. Hagerty died shortly thereafter. The two men were arrested for piracy and Edgar remained to become one of the first settlers in New Zealand. Badger was never seen again.

Margaret Croke (Canadian) - Following a dispute with investors over his schooner The Three Sisters, Edward Jordan was on his way to Halifax to sort it out. Wrongly assuming his family was being sent to debtors' prison, he killed two crewman then threw the Captain overboard before commandeering the vessel with the help of the remaining crewman. The marooned Captain survived and testified against Jordan claiming Margaret, who was aboard with her son and three young daughters, was also involved. Margaret admitted hitting the Captain after he had hit her husband during an argument in her cabin before he decided to commandeer the vessel; the other crew member testified she was actually in fear for her life from her violent husband and had attempted to escape. Both Margaret and Edward were hanged for piracy.

Johanna Hard (Swedish) - Sweden's last pirate; in 1823, recently widowed Hård, a farm owner on Vrångö Island, was arrested along with her farmhand Anders Andersson, farmer Christen Andersson, and one of Christen's farmhands Carl Börjesson and boatman Johan Andersson Flatås of Göteborg for piracy after the Danish ship Frau Mette was found beached and plundered with a murdered crew. Evidence was presented that the five had followed the Frau Mette on Flatås fishing vessel the Styrsö and requested water. After boarding her they killed the crew. Johan Andersson Flatås, Anders Andersson, and Christen Andersson were sentenced to death and beheaded. Carl Börjesson was imprisoned in Karlstens fortress where he died 1853. The evidence against Johanna Hård was insufficient and she was released and subsequently disappeared.

Sadie the Goat (American) - Possibly fictional. Operated around the state of New York as a member of the Charlton Street Gang. Named for her habit of headbutting her victims before taking their money.

20th Century Pirates

Lo Hon-ho (Chinese) - Took command of 64 ships after her husband’s death in 1921. Youthful and reported to be pretty, she gained the reputation of being the most ruthless of all China's pirates. Lo Hon-cho's fleet attacked villages and fishing fleets in the seas around Beihai taking young women as prisoners and later selling them into slavery. In 1922 a Chinese warship intercepted the fleet destroying 40 vessels. Despite escaping, Lo Hon-cho was later handed to authorities by the remaining pirates in exchange for clemency.

Lai Sho Sz’en, Lai Choi San (Chinese) - Operated in the South China Sea. Commanded 12 ships.

P’en Ch’ih Ch’iko, Ki Ming (Chinese) – possibly fictional

Huang P’ei-mei (Chinese) – Led 50,000 pirates

Cheng Chu Ping aka Sister Ping (Chinese) - Operated in the South China Sea smuggling thousands of Chinese immigrants to the U.S. and Europe. Was convicted in the U.S. and sentenced to 35 years in prison. Died in 2014.

PIRATES AND THE SLAVE TRADE

Pirate crews and piracy were one of the most unique and democratic organizations on the planet at the time. While the rest of the world was ruled by absolute tyrants and monarchs, pirates were the early patriots. Raiding and looting with plunder, they died in infamy. Another unique facet of pirate crews including women in piracy is slavery in piracy. While the rest of the world sought to buy and sell humans like cargo, the pragmatic pirates often liberated these men and recruited them into their ranks.

Most pirates had once been a part of the slave trade and realized how poor the conditions were, given they were often mistreated sailors themselves in the Royal Merchant Navy. While pirates were occasionally known to take, sell and kill slaves it was often out of economic necessity rather than racial prejudice. Most pirate crews were known to have at least a good percentage of freed slaves.

One of the most famous and lasting of all the pirates was a freed slave named Black Caesar and after his own prolific career joined the crew of Edward 'Blackbeard' Teach aboard his ship the Queen Annes Revenge as his lieutenant. Another famous freed slave pirate was named John Julian who became the pilot of the Whydah captained by Samuel Bellamy. 

It is known that Edward 'Blackbeard' Teach had at least 40% freed slaves on his ship and that nearly 21 members of Bartholomew Roberts were put back into slavery after he was killed and the crew captured. Pirates would describe themselves as Maroons, using the same name as the escaped Jamaican slave gangs. In fact, the freed black slaves were considered as much of the crew as anyone else and was to receive the same shares, rewards, compensation and experiences as their white counterparts under the pirate code.

As one story goes, a slave ship captain once found himself back in command of his ship after pirates had freed all the slaves onboard and given them weapons. This was pirate justice on the high seas. As much as pirates were the victim of a massive PR smear campaign by the Imperial powers at the time, pirates were probably the most democratic and egalitarian groups on the planet at the time.

In fact, the reason why so many freed slaves chose to join the pirates was because it was probably the best economic opportunity that they would have for at least two hundred years. Pirates were considered equal members of the crew, and the economic toll that this vicious cycle was taking on the royal empires was staggering. Not only were they losing cargo and thus direct compensation, but each slave released added another pirate to their ranks. This created more pirates and thus exacerbated the problem. Thus the pirates had to be stopped at all costs.

This is when the Royal empires began dispatching pirate hunters and offering the 1718 Kings Pardon to any pirate that wished to stop. Those that did faced a speedy trial and the hangman's noose. Black slaves were often hung or put back into slavery to help mitigate the economic losses caused by the halting of the slave trade in the region.

PIRATES AND HEALTH

Sickness and diseases such as, dysentery, malaria, smallpox, and yellow fever created problems among ships and "could be fatal." Pirates, like privateers, were a little better off than those who worked on merchant or naval ships as "food was superior," "pay was higher," "shifts were shorter," and the crew's powers of "decision making was greater." Epidemics and scurvy led some to desert "naval vessels for pirates." In the event of disabilities occurring while in service to the ship, some pirates set up a "common wealth" plan to be paid to any man in the event of injury. Medical artifacts recovered from the wreck site of Blackbeard's Queen Anne Revenge include; a urethral syringe used to treat syphilis, pump clysters to pump fluid into the rectum, a porringer which may have been used in bloodletting treatments, and a cast brass mortar and pestle used in preparing medicine.

There were doctors and surgeons present on some pirate vessels. Any surgeon or doctor who sailed with pirates, according to Rediker, was considered by their peers "to be insane." Surgeons/doctors were paid more shares, between "one and a quarter" and "one and a half," than other men on pirate ships. However, doctors and surgeons weren't always trusted as they were not allowed to vote with the crew "because their class background (or forced status)."

Pirate crew often practiced a policy of health insurance similar to today’s world. Even  when there wasn’t much advancement made in medicine, pirates made sure that if a member of their fleet was injured, he would receive benefits. For instance, 600 Spanish dollars (a kind of currency prevalent at that time) would be paid out for the loss of a limb. The loss of an eye would be compensated with 200 Spanish dollars and complete blindness would be compensated with 2,000 Spanish dollars; this is equal to almost $153,000 today. Crew members were given the option of accepting their compensation.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS DEATH

On every voyage a sailor would face the risk of falling overboard and drowning, starvation, disease, abuse, accidents in the rigging, and attack. Once a sailor abandoned his law-abiding career to become a pirate he knowingly increased his chance of expediting his own death exponentially. Once convicted as a pirate, a sailor faced an almost certain demise of being hanged at the execution docks.

When on trial in Charleston, the pirate Job Bayley was asked why he had attacked several warships that were sent to capture him, he answered that "We thought it had been a pirate." At yet another trial in London the pirate John Bayley comically played dumb when the Judge asked what he would have done if the warship that apprehended him was nothing more than a merchant ship answering, "I don't know what I would have done." Both men knew that their fate was sealed the moment they were apprehended and both in turn hanged at the gallows.

The story of pirate William Fly, who was executed on July 12, 1726 in Boston, illustrates how arrogantly many pirates viewed death. He showed no anxiety over his imminent demise, but rather tied his own noose and lectured the hangman about the proper way to tie the knot. Right before he swung off to his death he delivered a warning to all ships captains and owners that in order to prevent their crews from mutinying and resorting to piracy, they would be wise to pay their crews on time and treat them humanly.

Some pirates preferred to control their own fate. Pairs of pirates would at times make oaths to one another that in order to insure that neither were captured they would shoot each other. The crew of Bartholomew Roberts preferred not to be taken alive and swore to blow themselves up rather than give the authorities the satisfaction of seeing them hanged. When Roberts and his men were finally found an attempt was made to blow the ship up rather than face capture, however it proved in vain due to an insufficient gunpowder. Edward Teach's (Blackbeard's) crew also failed to detonate their sloop when facing capture however, the pirate Joseph Cooper and his crew successfully blew themselves up and evaded capture by the authorities.

SUPERSTITIONS

NO BANANAS ON BOARD

Aside from their peels causing many comedians to trip and fall down, bananas have long been thought to bring bad luck, especially on ships. At the height of the trading empire between Spain and the Caribbean in the 1700's, most cases of disappearing ships happened to be carrying a cargo of bananas at the time.

Coincidence? Perhaps. Another theory suggests that because bananas spoiled so quickly, transporters had to get to their destination much quicker. Fisherman thus never caught anything while bananas were on board. Another danger caused by monkey's favourite fruit fermenting so quickly, was that in the heat of the storage hull, bananas would produce deadly toxic fumes.

A final theory on the perils of bananas at sea (though there are tons) is that a species of deadly spider would hide inside banana bunches. Their lethal bite caused crewman to die suddenly, heightening the fear that banana cargo was a bad omen.

WOMEN

Women were said to bring bad luck on board because they distracted the sailors from their sea duties. This kind of behaviour angered the intemperate seas that would take their revenge out on the ship. Funny enough, naked women on board were completely welcome. That's because naked women "calmed the sea". This is why ships' typically had a figure of a topless women perched on the bow of the ship. Her bare breasts "shamed the stormy seas into calm" and her open eyes guided the seamen to safety.

SON OF A GUN

Male children born on the ship were referred to as "son of a gun" because the most convenient place to give birth on deck (if you weren't too afraid of having a woman on board) was on the gun deck. Having a male child on board was a sign of good luck.

NO WHISTLING

Mariners have long held the belief that whistling or singing into the wind will "whistle up a storm"

LEXIS

At sea, some words must be strictly avoided to ensure the ship and crew's safe return. These include obvious ones like "drowned" and "goodbye". If someone says "good luck" to you, it is sure to bring about bad luck. The only way to reverse the curse is by drawing blood, so usually a good punch in the nose will do.

RED SKY

"Red sky at night, sailor's delight; red sky in the morning, sailors take warning" the old saying goes. A red sunset indicates a beautiful day to come, while a red sunrise indicates rain and bad weather.

SHARKS

Sharks = omens of death

DOLPHINS

Considered a good sign. Believed to scare away sharks.

NEVER SAIL ON…

Don't Sail On Thursdays, Fridays, the first Monday in April or the second Monday in August.

Fridays: Fridays have long been considered unlucky days, likely because Jesus Christ was crucified on a Friday. 

Thursdays: Thursdays are bad sailing days because that is Thor's day, the god of thunders and storms.

First Monday in April: The first Monday in April is the day Cain slew Abel

Second Monday in August: The second Monday in August is the day the kingdoms of Sodom and Gomorrah were destroyed. 

Superstitious sailors believe that the only good day to set sail is Sundays.

CHANGING SHIP NAMES

It's bad luck to change the name of the boat. Boats develop a life and mind of their own once they are named and Christened.

If you do rename the boat- you absolutely must have a de-naming ceremony.

This ceremony can be performed by writing the current ship name on a piece of paper, folding the paper and placing it in a wooden box then burning the box. After, scoop up the ashes and throw them into the sea at night and only during a new moon. In order to purify the ship, a virgin (often the cabin boy) would have to urinate across the bow.

PAY YOUR DUES

Seamen that hadn't paid their debts were blamed for storms and any other misfortunate events that would occur on the ship.

RED HAIR

Red heads were thought to bring bad luck to a ship if you happened to encounter one before boarding. However, if you speak to the redhead before they get the chance to speak to you, you're saved.

ALBATROSS

Seabirds were thought to carry the souls of dead sailors and it is considered bad luck to kill one. However, it is considered good luck if you see one.

SALT

Pirates would throw salt over their left shoulder. Throwing salt over your shoulder a way of keeping the devil at bay.

KNOCK ON WOOD

17th century sailors who would knock on the wood hull of their ships to listen for worm or rot, hearing a solid sound would imply that the hull was in "ship shape" When in a conversation a reference is made to 'Good luck' they would sometimes say 'Touch wood' and touch some part of their wooden vessel. The 'good luck' they were implying also referring to the luck they were having and hoping to have while their wooden hull held true and fast during their voyage at sea.

SPIT

It's good luck to spit in the ocean before you sail.

CATS

Cats were often kept on ships as mousers. There are a lot of superstitions around cats.  

Cats brought luck. If a ship's cat came to a sailor, it meant good luck.

Sailors believed that if a cat licked its fur against the grain it meant a hailstorm was coming; if it sneezed, rain was on the way; and if it was frisky, the wind would soon blow.

Sailors believed cats could start storms with the magic stored in their tails so they always kept them well fed and contented

LEFT FOOT

Disaster will follow if you step onto a boat with your Left foot first. 

WEAPONS

belaying pin - A short wooden rod to which a ship's rigging is secured. A common improvised weapon aboard a sailing ship, because they're everywhere, they're easily picked up, and they are the right size and weight to be used as clubs.

blunderbuss - A muzzle-loading gun with a distinctive, flared muzzle, common among pirates and privateers, and typically loaded with a number of small lead balls. The purpose of the flared muzzle was to spread out the shot, though experiments have shown no difference compared to guns with a non-flared muzzle.

buckle - A small, often rounded shield held in one’s fist to protect against an opponent’s sword. The buckle could also be used to strike a blow to an opponent’s face.

case shot - A collection of small projectiles put in cases to fire from a cannon; a canister-shot.

See also grape shot.

cat o’ nine tails (sometimes referred to as captain’s daughter) - A whip with nine lashes used for flogging. "A taste of the cat" might refer to a full flogging.

chain shot - Two cannonballs chained together and aimed high in order to destroy masts and rigging.

chase guns - Cannon situated at the bow of a ship, used during pursuit.

cutlass - A short, heavy sword with a curved blade used by pirates and sailors. The sword has only one cutting edge and may or may not have a useful point.

gabion - A cylindrical wicker basket filled with earth and stones, used in building fortifications.

grape shot - Small cannon balls packed into a cannon. Notably, the pirate Black Bart (Bartholomew Roberts) was killed by grapeshot.

grapple (also grappling hook, grappling iron, or grapnel) - An iron shaft with claws at one end, usually thrown by a rope and used for grasping and holding, especially one for drawing and holding an enemy ship alongside.

gun - A cannon.

hail-shot - A shot that scatters like hail when fired from a cannon.

powder chest - An exploding wooden box filled with scrap metals and gun powder, usually secured to the side of a ship to thwart a boarding enemy.

spike - To render (a muzzleloading gun) useless by driving a spike into the vent.

PHRASOLOGY 

Take with a grain of salt because some of these smell of bullshit and multiple sources confirmed them.

black jack - A drink container made of leather.

black spot - A black smudge on a piece of paper used by pirates as a threat. A black spot is often accompanied by a written message specifying the threat. Most often a black spot represents a death threat.

bumbo (or bumboo) - A popular pirate drink made from rum, water, sugar and nutmeg or cinnamon.

bung hole - A dispensing hole in a wooden barrel typically sealed with a cork

cackle fruit - Hen’s eggs.

clap of thunder - A strong, alcoholic drink.

crack Jenny’s tea cup – to spend a night in a whorehouse

crimp – to procure men by trickery or coercion

draught (also draft) – 1) he amount taken in by a single act of drinking. 2) The drawing of a liquid, as from a cask or keg.

give no quarter – spare no lives

gout - A disease that can be the result of lead poisoning, causinga buildup of uric acid, most commonly in the toes, and especially the big toe. The main symptom is inflammation of joint tissue leading to sore, swollen skin. The effected areas can become so tender that the slightest touch to them causes extreme pain. Pirates sometimes drank from pewter mugs (see tankard) which often contained lead.

grog blossom - A redness on the nose or face of persons who drink ardent spirits to excess.

grog - An alcoholic liquor, especially rum, diluted with water. Admiral Vernon is said to have been the first to dilute the rum of sailors (about 1745.)

hang the jib - To pout or frown.

hempen halter - The hangman’s noose.

hardtack - A hard biscuit or bread made from flour and water baked into a moisture-free rock to prevent spoilage; a pirate ships staple. Hardtack has to be broken into small pieces or soaked in water before eaten.

hogshead – 1) A large cask used mainly for the shipment of wines and spirits, 2) A unit of measurement equal to approximately one hundred gallons.

holystone - A piece of soft sandstone used for scouring the wooden decks of a ship. Smaller holystones were called "prayer books" and larger ones "Bibles" and it may have originated because the task was historically done down on ones knees, just as in prayer. In the height of its practice, a captain in the Royal Navy might call for the decks to be holystoned daily, which could take up to four grueling hours.

hornswoggle - To cheat.

keelhaul - To punish someone by dragging them under a ship, across the keel where barnacles would build up, until near-death or death. Both pirates and the Royal Navy were fond of this practice.

letter of marque - A document given to a sailor (privateer) giving him amnesty from piracy laws as long as the ships plunders are of an enemy nation. A large portion of the pirates begin as privateers with this symbol of legitimacy. The earnings of a privateer are significantly better than any of a soldier at sea. Letters of marque aren't always honored, however, even by the government that issues them. Captain Kidd had letters of marque and his own country hanged him anyway.

loaded to the gunwales - To be quite drunk.

Maroon - To abandon a person on a deserted coast or island with little in the way of supplies. It is a fairly common punishment for violation of a pirate ship's articles, or offending her crew because the victims death cannot be directly connected to his former brethren.

measured fer yer chains - To be outfitted for a gibbet cage.

Nelson’s folly - Rum.

nipperkin  - A small cup or drink.

parley - A conference or discussion between opposing sides during a dispute, especially when attempting a truce, originating from the French, "parler," meaning "to speak."

quarter - derived from the idea of "shelter", quarter is given when mercy is offered by pirates. Quarter is often the prize given to an honorable loser in a pirate fight.

reef the sails - To shorten the sails by partially tying them up, either to slow the ship or to keep a strong wind from putting too much strain on the masts.

rope's end - Another term for being flogged.

run a rig  - To play a trick.

salmagundi - A salad usually consisting of chopped meat, anchovies, eggs, and onions, often arranged in rows on lettuce and served with vinegar and oil.

splice the mainbrace - To have a drink or perhaps several drinks.

spring upon her cable -  to come around in a different direction, oftentimes as a surprise maneuver.

squiffy - Somewhat intoxicated; tipsy.

take a caulk - To take a nap. On the deck of a ship, between planks, was a thick caulk of black tar and rope to keep water from between decks. This term came about either because sailors who slept on deck ended up with black lines across their backs or simply because sailors laying down on deck were as horizontal as the caulk of the deck itself.

#pirates #writing #ouat #captain swan #writing pirates #ro references #ro masterposts #pirate masterpost

[laceyspencer]

Validating the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) on Offender Re-Arrest-Juniper Publishers

Introduction

The ability of any offender to self-correct and/or rehabilitate oneself with the stigma of an arrest, conviction and/or incarceration is difficult. Most offenders will cycle through the system like an assembly line (Packer, 1968) with barriers for reintegration either improperly prioritized or left untreated [1]. Each States’ correctional system operate differently and as such the processes and outcomes of intake personnel as well as probation and parole officers (and their caseloads) vary widely. Offenders will often have so many barriers to reintegration that they may not self-report and/or probation/ parole or case managers may be unable to determine the best course/ pathway to reduce future offending. This study sheds more light on the intake process and the Addiction Severity Index, version 6 ASI-6). The ASI-6 should be considered a risk assessment tool which can identify and prioritize offender risks and needs assisting practitioners on how to profile or classify offenders at the highest risk of reoffending. As probation/ parole officers face escalating caseloads, the ASI-6 could assist in determining how to prioritize/ classify those at higher risk, what interventions are the most important, while also ascertaining appropriate time, supervision and resource allocation. Many practitioners that work with offenders often see more failure than success and could easily buy in to Robert Martinson’s “nothing works” (1974). However, it should be noted that we do know what works, what does not and what is promising [1]. Utilizing data, statistics and analytics is not a new idea in assisting those within the criminal justice system. Comparing success and failure might be easier if we consider using American’s favorite pastime, baseball as an analogy. The movie Moneyball [2] was inspired by a book written by Michael Lewis in [3] that articulates the need and use for analytics in baseball. Moneyball [2] credited Bill James as a pioneer for baseball analytics, which James coined as Sabermetrics; Society for American Baseball Research [4]. Sabermetrics was designed to develop quantitative measurement to baseball games and players to determine how to use resources appropriately to generate wins [4].

The use of analytics and resource allocation was slow to be implemented within baseball as the 2012 movie Moneyball reflected. However, today, every Major League Baseball (MLB) team utilizes analytics for a variety of ways to determine matchups and scenarios based on odds [4]. Multivariate analysis operates in the same fashion using odds and prediction. Perhaps in the not so distant future, correctional data analytics will predict the best scenario fits for practitioners and the typology of offenders to ensure success over failure. Moneyball explains resource allocation [3]. Success for any baseball player at the homefield plate is a base hit, when compiled is a batting average. Consider that there is no player in MLB history with over 100 at bats any given year has ever hit .500 batting average. Excellent players who hit a 300-batting average over a lifetime fail seven times out of ten to get a base hit. Failure is more a part of the game of baseball than success. Major league hitters would not likely subscribe to nothing works. Why should probation/ parole officers or other criminal justice practitioners be any different than baseball players? Accepting failure should not be an option. Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) was first introduced in the United States as a clinical tool to assess the incidence and prevalence of substance use and co-occurring impairments (McLellan et al, 1980). The validity, reliability and consistency of the ASI have been reported in hundreds of studies [5] and the ASI’s celebrity status led to it being translated into different languages and adopted by other European countries [6].

The European Union’s cost A-6 program revised the ASI by modifying composite scoring to develop a more specific European version [7,8]. McLellan et al. (2002:211) suggest that “the ASI has been shown to be reliable and valid among substance abusers applying for treatment”. Cacciola et al. [9,10] also report that the ASI has been shown to be a reliable and valid clinical instrument while also being utilized in a wide variety of clinical populations and treatment settings. Other scholarly research argues that the ASI has also been a reliable predictor in assisting different demographics of peoples [8]. This tool has been generally utilized to target different inpatient, outpatient and residential settings (Makela, 2004) and thus required a sixth edition for modification of language and query based items inquiring more about a participant’s cognitive processing Cacciola et al. [9,10] found that the ASI was also a good predictor of antisocial behavior. Another study by Cacciola and his colleagues found that the ASI was a good predictor for clients with co-occurring psychopathology (2001), widening the scale of its usage. Lesieur & Blume [11] found the ASI could assist in the prediction of pathological compulsive gambling patterns. While this study used a modified ASI, the participants were found to have reduced their intake of alcohol and other drug use in addition to gambling. Participants were also found to have improved legal, family/social, and psychological functioning Lesieur & Blume [11]. These versions of the ASI were initially designed to identify risk levels of alcohol and other drug abuse and subsequent domains associated with substance use [12] however, there are few, if any, studies that utilize this tool to predict future criminality. The primary purpose of the ASI was to determine a participant’s level of risk and/or needs to best prioritize process and/or outcomes-based treatment. This is consistent with the works of Andrews et al. [13,14] as they assert that identifying risk, determining needs and appropriate responses (based on evidence-based research) is fundamental in assisting offenders reintegrate back into their communities. Andrews et al. [13,14] are similar to other researchers in the field promoting the use of statistics and analytics in determine success versus failure for offender criminal desistence. Andrews et al. [13,14] also recognize the discretion of practitioners in the field (override) to determine what may work best with any given person taking into account the situations and context that may exist in their rehabilitation [15]. Therefore, it could be argued that the ASI has been utilized to ascertain participant clinical options, similar to Andrews et al. RNR model [15]. The ASI could operate to assist probation/ parole/ case managers in resource allocation in the same way it has been utilized as an administrative tool in determining resource allocation for therapy [12,16,17].

Offender desistence from crime

Why do offenders fail at desistence from crime? Perhaps one significant reason is that probation and parole officers have historically been over-burdened with larger caseloads due to an influx of offenders cycling and reintegrating to their communities’ post – incarceration [18]. Effective classification has been shown to reduce reoffending by as much as 30% [13,14]. Caseloads once thought to be maxed out at 80 per probation/ parole officer are becoming less manageable with agents expected to do more intensive supervision [19]. The incarceration of approximately 2.3 million people in jails and prisons across the United States [20] has only added more stress on the community based correctional system. Almost everyone, approximately 98% of people, admitted to correctional facilities will return to their communities at some point [18,21]. About seven million offenders were under some form of adult correctional system supervision equating to one in every thirty-five adults in the United States [22]. Nearly 3% of all adult residents in America were on probation or parole and/ or incarcerated in jail or prison [22]. Beck (2006) suggests that nearly nine million people will be released any given year from jails across the United States. The simple solution is obviously to have a less punitive criminal justice system however this solution is likely generations away from fruition. Therefore, immediate solutions need to be implemented to simply sustain the institutional and community based system’s operation at a local level to assist probation/ parole agents to best profile the offenders in their care while allocating resources with lesser waste to the system and potentially to each offender. The use of the Addiction Severity Index, version 6 (ASI-6) should assist intake facilitators and probation/parole officers in better determining the risk needs and assessment of offenders to better ascertain levels of direct and indirect supervision, outcomes and resource allocation. As explained previously, developing typologies and profiling of offenders can determine future success and/or failure (Ericson, 2007) [23,24].

Utilizing statistics and analytics to develop typologies or profiles of offenders is the next step in assisting offenders while also increasing success. However, as in the MLB baseball analogy explained previously, institutional change requires buy in. Rothstein et al. [25] reported that probation and/or parole officer’s discretion have become such institutional practice that they are synonymous with the generation of success and failure outcomes. These institutional measurements could more likely that not be attributed to the decision making of the officer and not the empirical or observable measurement of the offender [23,26]. Hannah-Moffit et al. [24] suggests that the use of discretion can even further insulate probation and parole officers from utilizing more empirical instruments as an institutional practice.

Profiling offenders using the ASI-6

The Addiction Severity Index was designed to assess seven problem areas typically found among those people who are using or abusing alcohol and other drug abuse [12]. Utilizing 118 indepth questions, intake screeners would be expected to assess intake participants in seven core areas: one’s

(i) Medical condition;

(ii) Employment and support;

(iii) Incidences and prevalence of alcohol use and

(iv) Drug use;

(v) Legal status;

(vi) Family relations;

(vii) Psychological/psychiatric status.

It should be noted that all of the seven core areas have been indirectly or directly related to criminal reoffending [1,21]. Questions utilize different intervals to determine the frequency and duration of the topical areas which include last occurrence, monthly, over six months and lifetime prevalence. Domain questions document a measurable and calculated type, duration, and frequency of problems. This is followed by Likert based questions to determine how these issues impact the respondent. The ASI was designed to take approximately 45 to 60 minutes in a semi-structured interview administered by a trained intake clinician, who is expected to spend another 10 to 20 minutes scoring each participant’s responses [12]. Within each domain area, a composite score is derived from several of the questions that were asked by the interviewer. The composite scores are considered measures of problem severity, with higher scores indicating greater problem severity. The clinical aim of the ASI is to identify treatment needs within each domain [27,28]. Obviously, the higher the risk and need of any of the offender’s seven domains the higher the anticipated likelihood of future re-arrest.

Re-arrest was utilized as the recidivism variable because it is the most commonly and effectively used measurement [29-31]. Re-arrest, for the purpose of this study, refers to any arrest for a misdemeanor or felony charge. The most recent national study on reoffending is a sample population of approximately 404,000 offenders released in 23 States in 2005. DuRose et al. [29] found that four of ten offenders (43.4%) would be re-arrested within their first year of release. This number of offenders re-arrested continues to escalate to 67.8% after a three-year follow-up and furthermore to 76.6% of offenders re-arrested after five years. While the re-arrest rates varied by the type of offender, the glaring issue is that nearly three quarters of those on probation or parole will be re-arrested in five years (2014:2). As stated above, this could be viewed as a significant failure of the system but if it was baseball, we may want to reverse how we approach rehabilitation and reintegration. Over half (56.5%) of offenders were successful in not being re-arrested of a new crime in the first year after release from custody. However, these numbers begin to drop over a three and five year interval suggesting that more resources are necessary either in the first year of working with probation/ parole agents and/or a continuum of care of services and resources to sustain their success from desisting from crime. Therefore, success is possible, we simply need to learn more about the barriers that offenders face, rather than simply the recidivism outcomes [32].

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Methodology of the Current Study

This study utilizes data collected from a federally funded Access to Recovery site within the Midwest United States. Access to Recovery (ATR) was a grantee voucher program for substance abuse clinical treatment and recovery support services [33]. Probation and parole officers would recommend offenders for this program due almost entirely of an influx of services available. While the criteria for the program was to reduce alcohol and other drug abuse which should reduce criminal activity [34], not every offender had a significant substance abuse issue. Inclusion criteria for offender participation in this Access to Recovery site study were:

a) adults aged 18 or older;

b) residents of the ATR site city,

c) a need for alcohol and/or drug treatment; and

d) agreement to sign informed consent.

Die to the pronounced amount of resources offered in the ATR program, there was heavy demand for any and all services the ATR program provided. However, due to a lack of ATR funding and resources, not every offender was offered this opportunity and as many as eight hundred offenders were wait listed for the program at any given time. Upon acceptance into the program (prior to their release from jail or prison), offenders would receive a referral to a clinic with an intake specialist within a 24-48 hour period. Probationers and parolees would further be assessed and screened at an intake clinic using the Addiction Severity Index, version 6 (ASI-6) prior to being provided a list of recommended alcohol and drug abuse treatment providers that offenders could select from. The ASI-6 and its seven composite scores were provided to social service case managers, treatment clinicians and probation and parole officers [33]. Overall, 434 offenders met the criteria over the first year of the site’s operation and were used for this analysis. The total number of possible jail and prison released offenders who tried to access the program was 456 that year however, records and documentation of 22 offenders who participated in the program were illegible and removed from the analysis. This study utilized a one group one shot treatment design. This design involved the exposure of a group of offenders to a wide variety of treatment and rehabilitative programs which was further followed by a measurement of criminal desistence. This varies significantly from a true experimental design in that there was no control group in which to make comparisons. Additionally, there was no random selection of offenders as every offender who wished to participate in the program was included in the analysis. As such, these limitations should be taken into account when considering the findings [1,35].

To assess reoffending, a conceptualized version of re-arrest was utilized at various one, three- and five-year intervals. As explained previously, of all recidivism variables collected by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2014), re-arrest is considered the most widely accepted measurement. Re-arrest refers to any arrest for a misdemeanor or felony charge. A triangulation of sources was necessary to ensure the validity and reliability of re-arrest. The first and least reliable data source was the selfreported behavior of probationers and parolees. This was either validated or often invalidated through three additional layers of data points. The first and second validation measures were from access to police records from the City Law Enforcement agency and the local County Sheriff’s Office where the offender was to reside. Names, aliases, dates of birth and addresses were used as identifiers. The third validation measure was the State’s probation/ parole database system which included case notes and contact information for offenders under community supervision. This re-arrest data was merged with ASI-6 data points to complete more sophisticated analysis. The following section shares the risks and needs associated with the seven ASI-6 domains, the classification of offenders based on risk and furthermore why the ASI-6 is a reliable and valid clinical tool to predict interval levels of offender re-arrest.

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Study Findings

The first section of the study findings provides a glimpse into the sample population’s risks and needs initially reported by offenders within an intake session. The ASI-6 was used to assess offender’s histories, frequencies, and consequences based on seven core domains: (i) drug and (ii) alcohol use:, (iii) medical, (iv) employment, (v) legal, (vi) social and family and (vii) psychological functioning. Furthermore, offenders were classified into levels of severity to determine risk levels (that practitioners could use as cut off points). This section will then examine reoffending, reoffending patterns and why the ASI is a good predictor of short-term intervals of re-arrest over one, three- and five-year periods (similar to the Bureau of Justice Statistics as compiled by [29]. Table 1 accentuates the risks and needs that offenders reported thought the Addiction Severity Index, version 6 ASI-6). This table offers a glimpse into the profile of the sample (without including the demographics). Demographic data for the study was excluded so that it does not jeopardize the statistical significance of the validation of the ASI-6 while also providing a baseline conservative measure for its predictability. If demographic variables were included, we know that there is a statistically significant relationship criminal offending has with sex, age, race and ethnicity [21]. Eight in ten offenders (82%) reported the drug use domain was an area of need, while 18% reported no existing problems. However, 74% of offenders identified alcohol as an area of need. Therefore, this profile of the sample would suggest there are many offenders with co-occurring substance use (either currently or historically). The most prevalent of each of the seven ASI-6 domains was employment or the lack of it. Nearly every offender, 98% reported this as an area of need. As such, this domain seemed to be a well expressed and significant barrier to reintegration. Surprisingly, only 77% of offenders reported the legal domain as an area of concern. To reiterate, this domain was captured through intake interviews and there was the possibility for offenders to be less truthful about their criminal history. Nearly two in ten offenders were not as honest within the ASI-6 which does indicate the ASI-6 obvious limitation: self-reporting. This is also why generating rapport between intake assessors and offenders are vital for determining risk [24]. A majority of offenders also reported the need for social and/or family support assistance (69%), psychological or mental health assistance (60%) and/or a reported medical need (45%). The ASI-6 risk/ needs assessment should provide case managers, clinicians and probation/parole officers an opportunity to profile an offender to determine priority, supervision and resource allocation. However, this was at the discretion of each case manager, treatment clinician and/or probation/parole officer so it is difficult to ascertain if these needs were met.

It needs to be noted that there is significant co-occurring risks and needs associated with the offenders represented in the sample. To no probation or parole officer’s surprise, offenders will often have many risks and needs that need to be met [24]. Therefore, a follow-up to examining prevalence is to ascertain which of the seven domains are the most severe to appropriately determine a course of action. The literature often focuses on taking a holistic approach to rehabilitation which only reinforces the findings of these study participants. However, where does a probation/ parole officer, case manager or clinician begin? What is the level of resource allocation that each offender needs and what risks are so severe they require immediate intervention versus needs which can wait. This is often the dilemma faced by practitioners assisting offenders in determining the appropriate levels of action. A higher composite ASI-6 score within each domain would indicate a greater risk and/or need for treatment or intervention. The scores in Table 2 below were generated to attain a better profile of the sample for probation/parole officers to determine and/or classify offenders based on risk. To better understand the level of severity offenders may face, Table 2 outlines how problematic each of the domains were ranging from an aggregate score from not at all a problem (zero) to an immediate threat to one’s safety (one). Each domain has its own aggregate score based on scaled variables of interest (as mentioned previously were high in face validity and reliability).Attaining a score of .01 to .24 would reflect a low area of need and .25 to .49 would indicate a moderate concern, Those offenders scoring between .50 to .74 could be categorized as an escalated or high level of need. Those offenders scoring .75 and above would be categorized as requiring an immediate assistance due to its severity. As Table 2 indicates, there was a relatively good variation within each of domains as to make certain inferences about the sample. However, what becomes more obvious is the association. between prevalence of risk as reported by offenders (Table 1) and the severity of the risk, which is analyzed through the use of the ASi-6 metrics. Employment is one of the most significant contributors to reoffending (citation). It is obvious that employment is the most significant barrier facing offenders. In terms of prevalence of the problem (98% reported in Table 1) as well as those scoring high (10%) and severe (84%) risk on the ASI-6 metrics. Probation/parole agents, case managers and clinicians should all be identifying this risk/need as the number one priority for this sample, above all other factors/ domains. Interestingly enough, medical risk and needs were found to be one of the least likely needs in terms of prevalence (Table 1 45% reported) but of those 45% who reported medical issues, there was significant variation in the risks associated with medical treatment. As such, practitioners may want to consider more indepth referrals to determine what every individual may be facing. The problem may be that due to a lack of universal health care, this will be difficult to attain. One in ten offenders reported an immediate medical need 24-48 hours having been released from custody. This is problematic considering that inmates often attain health care within their facilities.

While 60% of offenders reported a psychological risk/need, nearly one –third (17.5%) reported a high or severe need. This might be correlating with research that indicates that mental health, and/or the diagnosis of mental health is on the rise and offenders are not immune. There is also a connection of mental illness with medical care, alcohol and drug abuse and unemployment [21]. Gainful employment could offer benefits that pay for medicalization and/or mental health medications whereas, if one does not have gainful employment, research indicates that people will self-medicate with alcohol or illicit drugs because they may not be able to afford medication [22]. The legal domain, already considered problematic in terms of self-reporting (Table 1) identified a wide variation of legal issues either historically or outstanding. It should be noted that no offenders participating in the program had pending charges upon immediate release from custody and entrance into the Access to Recovery (ATR) program. Therefore, offenders still feel that the terms and conditions of probation/ parole placed on them are problematic and require more assistance. Therefore, practitioners may want to reassure offenders the expectations of probation/ parole and/or their treatment goals. This domain very likely highlights the difference between those offenders who were on probation (21%) and those on parole (79%). Although the Access To Recovery (ATR) program was meant to serve those with alcohol and drug abuse issues which most offenders did say were prevalent, offenders reported lower and more moderate metrics of drug abuse risk, Based on the ASI-6 metrics, it could be recommended that drug treatment, while potentially effective should be considered a secondary need for the sample population. However, this may contradict various practitioners who believe they may recognize one need over which creates a divide in the best course of action to assist the offender. One practitioner may recommend more intensive treatment which requires 4 hours each day while another practitioner may be recommending an alternative course of action for those 4 hours each day (i.e., employment or vocational training). For this reason, it is important to ensure that risks/needs are prioritized so offenders can be classified and assisted with their own potential needs.

Of those reporting a social or family need (69%), a very high percentage felt this was a low or moderate issue that may require assistance or resources. This could be due to lengthier stays of incarceration which has led to a breakdown of the family unit and/or a lessening of trust. These are all issues that may be prevalent in other domains as well. Subsequently, it is still integral to utilize a holistic approach [36]. As explained previously, data markers were triangulated and validated from official police, court and correctional sources in addition to the self-reporting of offenders to measure re-arrest. The triangulation of four data sources determined that 29.5% (128) of offenders in the Access To Recovery program were re-arrested while completing their rehabilitation/ treatment within their first year of release. This percentage mirrors the national American averages which suggest that within the first six months of the 1994 national recidivism study that 30% of offenders were re-arrested for a misdemeanor or felony [30]. This is a slightly lower number than the findings by DuRose et al. [29] of 43.4% of offenders were re-arrested in 23 States.

As seen in Table 3, within a three year follow up period, 52% (or 228) ATR offenders were re-arrested. This prevalence is substantially lower than the Bureau of Justice Statistics averages of 67.5% over the national studies done in 1983 and 1994 [20]. This percentage is also dramatically lower than 2005 recent estimates of 67.8% [29], This might suggest that the sample is irregular or perhaps that offenders who participated in this program simply had lower rates of re-arrest due to factors that are unable to be substantiated as a result of a lack of a comparison group or experimental design). Within the fifth year of follow-up, 59% (256) of offenders were re-arrested for a misdemeanor or felony. For the purpose of internal validity, it should be noted that no offenders or cases were removed for experimental mortality. In year five, ATR offenders were far less likely to be re-arrested than the reported 76.6% of State offenders released in 2005 [29]. While Access to Recovery offenders deviated from the national statistics at the third and fifth interval of follow-up, it is difficult to attribute this solely to the program (as there was no local or regional comparison group). Three logistic regression analyses were used to determine the predictability of the ASI-6 when predicting rearrest over one, three- and five-year follow-up time periods upon completion of the Access to Recovery (ATR) program. To reduce the likelihood of multi-collinearity for each of the regression models, this study ensured the removal of any case outliers with over a 2.0 residual tolerance and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) over 4. As such, 11, 12 and 8 cases were removed from each of the three logistic multivariate models.

Table 4 illustrates the predictive power of the seven ASI-6 domains on offender re-arrest after one year of release. This model was found to be statistically significant (.001 with a confidence level of 95% with the p < .05 being significantly different than zero). The domains within the model explain 43% of re-arrest after one year. This number is based on the average of two variances utilized for the analysis. The well-respected Nagelkerke R Square was reported at .500 and the Cox and Snell R Square was .351. The average between the two, to remain conservative was 43%. The regression reported a Chi-square of 187.92 and a model -2 Log likelihood of 338.53. In addition to the model being significant, each of the domains were also found to be significant using a 95% confidence interval. Validating the Addiction Severity Index (ASI- 6) on Offender Re-Arrest The findings of the regression analysis suggest that the metrics associated with those at higher risk within the ASI corresponded to higher Beta values in predicting re-arrest one-year post-release from incarceration. The legal domain had the most impact of each of the seven dimensions of the ASI-6. This was somewhat predictable if we consider that the twenty seven questions pertinent to one’s legal status consist of: criminal justice system admission referral, probation/ parole status, previous criminal records (including arrest, conviction and incarceration), as well as cognitive coping of these issues to determine coping mechanisms and/or assistance that needs to be provided. Therefore, practitioners could offer more direction and guidance to offenders to potentially better equip newly released offenders of the expectations of the various persons they will work with, so they do not violate the terms and conditions of their probation/ parole. Again, this domain simply highlights the difference between those offenders who were on probation (21%) and those on parole (79%).

Employment, or the lack of employment opportunities remains a significant barrier for offenders. Those reporting higher levels of risk were also more likely to be re-arrested within the first year of their release from custody. We recognize that employment is one of the best predictors of recidivism and it appears that offenders recognized this as well as they self-reported significant levels of need and risk. Those offenders who were identified at high risk using the ASI-6 were more likely to be re-arrested within the last one year upon release. Despite the low percentages of those offenders reporting mental health or psychological issues present, those who scored within the high and severe classifications of the domain were found more likely to be arrested. Therefore, it may be appropriate to assist offenders in identifying the appropriate levels of resources to assist them in identifying the appropriate level of diagnosis, treatment and medication supply. Something unusual is occurring within the ASI metrics of the alcohol and drug use variables and re-arrest. While offenders identified both to be areas of concern within the ASI-6 domain, a large percentage of the sample did not appear to be at a higher or severe risk for alcohol or drug use (based on their composite scoring). That said, it still appears, based on the data, that those who scored with a higher and severe risk of alcohol or drugs were more likely to be re-arrested. However, for this particular variable, it might be recommended to examine how they may have scored on particular elements of both alcohol and drug use. The drug-crime nexus (Tonry, 1987) is obviously prevalent and statistically significant in this model but far more complex. Despite being enrolled in an ATR substance abuse desistence program, alcohol and drug use remains a prevalent risk factor.

This regression analysis not only indicates that many of the risks/ need’s offenders identified are warranted, but it also validates the use of the ASI-6 as a good predictor of re-arrest one year after an offender leaves custody. All domains appear to be significant and as such if used appropriately, those scoring at high or severe risk of the ASI-6 will be more likely to be rearrested, with the exception of alcohol and drug use (which appears to be a strong determinant based on significant bodies of research). The second model in (Table 5) suggests that the ASI- 6 was a much better predictor of re-arrest within a three-year follow-up. This model, like the last was found to be statistically significant (.001 with a confidence level of 95% with the p < .05 being significantly different than zero). The variance explained within this model increased from the previous one-year followup. The first model predicted 43% of future offender re-arrest. This model predicts approximately 58% of re-arrest, a significant increase. This number is based on the average of two variances utilized for the analysis. The Nagelkerke R Square was reported at .662 and the Cox and Snell R Square was .496. The regression reported a Chi-square of 297.16 and a model -2 Log likelihood of 303.410. Eerily similar to the first logistic regression all domains of the ASI-6 remained statistically significant in predicting rearrest over a three-year follow-up upon release. Employment remains a strong determinant of re-arrest but it becomes the most significant predictor over a three year period. Therefore, it should be argued, that based on the sample and the level of risk associated with offender self-reporting, employment should be a crucial barrier that these offenders should have attained assistance for, In addition to employment, mental health and an offender’s legal domain remained significant predictors of rearrest (Table 6). Alcohol and drug use domains also remained statistically significant but again, similar to the first model, were less of a predictor than other factors.

Those offenders scoring high on the ASI-6 for medical assistance and need were also found to be more likely to be rearrested at either the one and/or three-year intervals. That said, there may be a connection between long standing chronic issues of alcohol/ drug use and its physiological consequences [37]. Social and informal family supports remained a statistically significant variable. Those reporting higher levels of risk associated with family supports over the first and third year of release were also more likely to be re-arrested. The disintegration of a family dynamic could be a critical component when discussing successful rehabilitation and trust [38]. In the fifth year of followup, the ASI-6 continues to be an excellent predictor of re-arrest. This model, like the last two regression models, was found to be statistically significant (.001 with a confidence level of 95% with the p < .05 being significantly different than zero) [40-41].The variance explained within this model was similar to the previous model predicting approximately 55.7% of re-arrest over a five year follow-up. This number is a conservative average of the Nagelkerke R Square at .639 and the Cox and Snell R Square at .474. The regression reported a Chi-square of 278.964 and a model -2 Log likelihood of 308.593. All three regression analyses had seven degrees of freedom. Therefore, even in its most conservative prediction model, not taking into account demographic data, its predictive power could be nearly 64% over a five-year period since an offender had taken their original ASI-6 intake. It could be argued that the ASI is a very good predictor of immediate (one year), short term (three year) and long term (five year) re-arrest [42-45].

Validating the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) on Offender Re-Arrest Similar to the logistic regression models on one- and three-year re-arrest, this study’s findings suggest that the ASI- 6 can predict re-arrest at a greater strength over a longitudinal basis. Employment remains the most significant predictor of re-arrest over a five-year follow-up however, as the Beta values suggest, alcohol and drug abuse become a better predictor of long-term re-arrest than an offender’s ASI-6 metrics of legal or psychological needs. As such, it appears that anecdotally speaking, many of the barriers that were once identified at initial intake for offenders have not been adequately dealt with and as a result, an offender’s likelihood to desist from crime is decreasing. Therefore, it appears that if these needs and risks do not get the proper attention, intervention and/or treatment result in future re-arrest [46-52]. Therefore, allocating the appropriate resources based on the ASI-6 domain metrics measuring composite high and severe risk scores were more valuable in assessing future re-arrest. The higher an offender scored on their composite seven domains, the more likely they will be re-arrested for a crime over one, threeand five-year intervals.

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Implications

After being released from jail and/or prison, offenders were offered the opportunity to enroll in a federally funded (SAMHSA) Access to Recovery (ATR) alcohol and other drug abuse treatment program. Findings of the study could support that the ATR program was somewhat successful as their rates of re-arrest were lower than other national studies [29]. However, further investigation into intake information, using the Addiction Severity Index, version 6 (ASI-6) reveals that those who score highly on composite scores within each of the seven domains are also more likely to be re-arrested over one, three and/or five year periods upon release. Overall, the purpose of this study was the evaluation of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI version 6) in predicting the re-arrest of 434 offenders over one, three- and five-year intervals. Based on the findings of the logistic regression models, the ASI- 6 was able to predict anywhere from 43%, 58% and 56% of rearrest within first, third and fifth year of an offender’s release from custody (respectfully) [53-59]. The predictive variance explained of this magnitude suggests that the use of the ASI-6 as a clinical tool is a very good predictor of both short term and long-term re-arrest. Also consider that the study’s findings did not include additional demographic information (sex, age, race, ethnicity, marital status) as predictive variables. All of these variables we know are highly correlated or related to criminal reoffending [1,37-38]. This study removed those variables in an attempt to understand the true predictive power of the ASI-6. The ASI-6 which uses similar conceptualization and operationalization techniques as developed through the RNR approach by Andrews et al. [13,14]. Ensuring quality intake assessment is integral to attaining baseline data on offenders that could assist them in desisting from future criminal activity. While this study certainly has limitations including but not limited to a lack of random selection, a comparison group and interval level markers of the ASI-6, it highlights the need for statistics and analytics rather than practitioner discretion in decision making. Utilizing risk assessment within intake assessments has become a normative approach to doing community based corrections however, it often does not differentiate between the levels of severity of risks and needs each offender has. As practitioners and clinicians can attest, offenders often have many deficits and as a result, a strength based holistic approach to rehabilitation is what is offered to offenders. While taking a holistic approach to rehabilitation is wise, targeting risk and need and prioritizing those over others allows for practitioners to target areas of immediate concern [54- 61]. Using the ASI-6 to identify offenders who score high or severe on any one of the seven domains would go a long way in placing priority on at-risk factors such as employment, legal expectations for terms and conditions, psychological/ medical assistance as well as alcohol and other drug use. While this particular Access to Recovery (ATR) site indicates some preliminary success in curbing re-arrest (as compared to other national studies of State correctional studies), the data should offer modest hope of success when intake assessment is utilized to target an offender’s risks and needs. While offenders were re-arrested at a lower rate than other national studies, there is also the limitation of a lack of random selection, comparison groups and interval based ASI- 6 measurements [62-67]. The unfortunate reality is that many programs are able to undertake rigorous experimental designs and/or analysis without substantial funding [68-73]. As such, while this study has its limitations, it provides a modest and conservative validation of the Addiction Severity Index, version 6 (ASI-6) as a logistical instrument that can be used to identify both success and failure.

Consider the previous analogy of a Major League Baseball hitter who has a lifetime .300 batting average. Do we consider them failures? We may often fail more than we succeed but using that same premise, should we accept offender failure without using potential analytics that are available? Major League Baseball took a long time to adjust to sabermetrics [3] from the longevity of using the discretion experienced scouts and executives [74-76]. No one can argue that baseball was transformed for the better. Perhaps the correctional system will embrace the implementation of more metrics and risk assessment tools to find more success rather than failure. As viewed through the lense of the movie Moneyball [2], analytics will require institutional change. The rise of analytics may take time to be implemented, but once it has been, it will be a game changer [77].

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Radeon RX 580 (8G) Miners Hashrate: Best and Most Profit 2021 ( Video Card)

Radeon RX 580 ( 8G) Miners Hashrate For Cyptocurrency: Best and Most Profit 2021 ( Video Card). This video card is the most common and most profitable video card for mining. When one of the best models for mining, the RX 480 card, disappeared from the store shelves, the gaze of miners fell on the newer version of the RX 580. The modified version of the gpu miner turned out to be no worse than the old one, and for three years the RX 580 has been considered one of the best computing devices for completing mining rigs. Of course, by the end of 2020, this model has already become obsolete. More powerful and energy-efficient graphics adapters of the Navi series have appeared, however, 580 in mining are still relevant. The article describes in detail how to overclock an AMD Radeon RX 580 graphics card for mining. MSI VGA Graphic Cards RX 580 ARMOR 8G OC Note that, taking into account the current prices for video cards, in 2020 cloud GPU mining became the most profitable, which is much more profitable than buying your own equipment, much more flexible in the amount of investment and does not require maintenance of your farms. We have made a detailed review about cloud mining of cryptocurrency , within which we have compiled a rating of the best services based on the results of the last three years. People Also Asked: Questions About Radeon RX 580 (8G) Related Searches: Recommend Articles For You To Read - Radeon RX 580 (8G) Hashrate/Settings Popular Searches: Details SourcesRX580 8GB hashrate We have compiled an AMD RX 580 8GB hashrate table for popular algorithms. If you are just choosing a video card for mining , and you already know which coin you will mine, then you can estimate the approximate performance from the table. We also have an article on what a hash rate is . Contain Within ArticleRx 580 8gb hashrate ethereum To overclock AMD RX 580 8GB for mining ether or other coins using the DaggerHashimoto algorithm, you need to increase the memory frequency, and on the contrary, lower the core to save energy. it does not affect the mining speed. Contain within ArticleSapphire RX 580 8GB hashrateThe first screenshot shows the performance of the RX580 8GB video card with a core frequency of 1150MHz with a BIOS mod optimized for dual  ether mining and decree .  With these lower core frequencies, the video card outputs 30 Mh / s on air + 1000MH / s on decree.  Used miner from Cliemore version 9.SAPPHIRE Radeon RX 580 8 GB: Review| Benchmark| Overclocking| HashrateRX 580 8GB mining profitabilityThe payback period for AMD Radeon RX 580 depends on its performance (hash rate), the purchase price of the video card, and also on how much power it consumes.  The calculation shows the recommended retail price of the Amd manufacturer - $ 180, but you can change this value to the purchase price of your particular video card.  Electricity consumption is not included in the calculation. The hashrate of the video card is indicated taking into account its optimal overclocking. Read the Contain Within ArticleSapphire RX 580 nitro+ 8GB mining overclockWhen you start mining without additional graphics card settings, you most likely will not get the maximum hashrate values. First of all, you need to make sure that you are using a GPU driver that supports mining.  In the case of AMD video cards, its firmware may also be required.  The main principle of overclocking video cards is stable operation and the maximum ratio of hash rate to consumed electricity. Importantly, each card is unique! For example, if one video card keeps the core frequency of 2000 MHz, then another card, which looks exactly the same, can only hold 1900 MHz. SAPPHIRE Radeon RX 580 8 GB: Review| Benchmark| Overclocking| Hashrate RX 580 Mining overclock settings MSI AfterburnerIf MSI Radeon RX 580, Gigabyte RX 580 and Sapphire RX 580 differ only in the cooling system and secondary elements, then the memory used from companies such as Elpida, Samsung, Hunix and Micron is not tied to a specific manufacturer and is not even calculated by the model index. Contain Within ArticleXFX RX 580 8gb mining settingsSapphire's boards are slightly more expensive and use better components, but this only affects the lifespan of the video card. The increase in the hash rate during mining on the RX 580 does not absolutely depend on this....Contain Within ArticlesGigabyte RX 580 8GB mining settingsYou install the Radeon Software Adrenalin Edition 18.3.4 driver.In ATI graffics settings, select Games -> Global Settings -> GPU Workload -> Compute. And now you will get about 22 mh in stock.After that, we are already sewing the BIOS and we get an increase of up to 28-31 mH.SAPPHIRE Radeon RX 580 8 GB: Review| Benchmark| Overclocking| Hashrate Rx 580 8gb hashrate HiveOS After registering and logging into Hive OS, you will see the web interface of the control pane Hive OS. Installation, Configuration, Mining, Commands: Complete TutorialMSI RX 580 8GB hashrateAmong the strengths of the model, miners note an excellent ratio of work performance and power consumption, that is, it has a relatively high hash rate with adequate kilowatt consumption. Solution in ArticleASUS RX 580 8GB Mining settingsOur task is to find the maximum frequencies for the chip and memory, at which the video card will remain in the thermal range of 70 degrees, and the cooler rpm will not be higher than 30%, or 1400-1600 rpm for the  Sapphire RX 580 NITRO + .  Or no higher than 1.2 volts to stabilize frequencies. Solution in Article RX 580 8GB 2048sp hashrateAMD Radeon RX 580 2048SP can definitely a greater amount than 35.26 USD monthly income if a 16.67 MH/s hashrate on the ETH - Ethash (Phoenix) algorithm.Contain Within ArticlesRX 580 8GB OverclockingTo overclock the memory, I used the memory frequency slider, and left the voltage at the discretion of the card in automatic mode.Intuzeasts run the memory up to 2500 MHz, but I limited myself to an increase of 250 MHz and stable operation. Solution in Article RX 580 8gb hashrate redditSo got my Sapphire Nitro RX580 added to my rig. Quick over clock and switched it to compute mode. Getting solid 31 MH/s @ 125WNow I've seen a couple posts where people are getting 40.... Even 50 MH with a modded BIOS. Is this even possible? How much truth is there in this? RX580 8GB Hashrate tipsXFX RX 580 8gb hynix bios mod Instead, we suggest you watch the video at the end of our article, where the process of modifying the BIOS of this card is described in detail and quite easily. However, we remind you that when flashing your card, you are fully responsible for its safety, and no one can give you a 100% guarantee of its performance. Carefully study which timings are suitable for your video memory (Micron, Hynix, Elpida) and only then start the modification process. Radeon RX 580 - mining and tuning the card for optimal mining: Hard Facts!RX 580 8gb mining bios download The whole point of configuring the card is to change its native BIOS to BIOS with modified video memory timings. As a rule, Samsung's memory has pretty good timings and, in fact, after overclocking, it is capable of producing hash rates in the region of 30 megahash. Radeon RX 580 - mining and tuning the card for optimal mining: Hard Facts!RX 580 8gb Ergo HashrateNah, overclocking AMD cards on Linux systems can be kind of a bitch so I never bothered, but now that I'm using the card for something useful I might take another crack at it. I work until 5pm PST (12am UTC) so if nobody else has filed you in on this info I'll give it a shot this evening and tell you the results.Does anyone have hashrates for RX 580 and power usage? Rx 580 ergo settingsThe crypto currency Ergo is based on the Autolykos algorithm, which was updated in version 2 (Autolykos 2) in early 2021. The Autolykos 2 algorithm is based on the PoW concept and can be efficiently calculated by a graphics card. When calculating Ergo Coins, ASICs have no efficiency advantage over modern graphics cards, which should make Ergo attractive for as many miners as possible.Crypto-Mining Ergo Hashrate (MH/s)RX 580 armor 8g OC hashrateRelated Searches: Recommend Articles For You To Read - Radeon RX 580 (8G) Hashrate/Settings The most profitable coins for mining with AMD Radeon RX 580 The Radeon RX 580 video card was presented in April 2017 along with the RX 570. Like the younger model, the RX 580 comes with different memory sizes: 4 GB and 8 GB. Despite this, the hash rates of video cards are the same in many algorithms. In general, the device is most often also used for mining Ethereum and Ethereum Classic. Among the strengths of the model, miners note an excellent ratio of work performance and power consumption, that is, it has a relatively high hash rate with adequate kilowatt consumption. For this reason, the RX 580 was at one time relatively difficult to buy - sometimes the model was simply not available. Mining hashrate AMD Radeon RX 580 Cuckarood29 - 1.8 GpsCuckatoo32 - O.23 GpsCuckooCycle - 2 GpsCuckooCortex - 1.5 GpsEquihash 125_4 - 17  Sol / sEquihash 144_5 - 27 Sol / sBeamHash - 11.5 Sol / sEthash - 30 Mh / sEtchash - 30 Mh / sMTP - 1.5 Mh / sKAWPOW - 11 Mh / sEaglesong - 300 Mh / sMining hashrate AMD Radeon RX 580 Characteristics and parameters The RX 580 specs for miners look tempting. The high core frequency that the card possesses will help to get good values ​​in certain algorithms. The standard frequency of the chip is 1257 MHz , and in turbo mode it is 1340 MHz . The memory frequency is 1750 MHz .The Polaris architecture will enable up to 20% better performance through driver updates and higher frequencies. You can mine coins on the  RX 580 with 4 GB  at about the same rates as on the  RX 580 with 8 GB . With the exception of the big ether, the  DAG file  grows every epoch and four-gig cards are forced to work on a cut-down DAG, which is why the hash rate has already halved. After all, four gigabytes won't be able to work in ETH pools at all  .  However, Vitalik Buterin's coin will completely switch to PoS next year. But, on the other hand, the ETC cryptocurrency after the November hard fork is perfectly mined on the RX 580 with 4 GB of video memory. Until the Ethereum rate climbed up, the minimum card price was somewhere around  $649 . At the time of this review, the cost of RX 580 4GB in online stores starts at $749.99, eight gigabytes are 2-4 thousand more expensive. Compared to past mining experience, AMD cards show a greater profit than Nvidia, but if you want to buy more than 50 video cards, then it is better to buy Nvidia 1660Super series or higher. Hashrate AMD RX 580 8GB We have compiled an AMD RX 580 8GB hashrate table for popular algorithms. If you are just choosing a video card for mining , and you already know which coin you will mine, then you can estimate the approximate performance from the table. We also have an article on what a hash rate is . CoinAlgorithmHashrate Ethereum (ETH)DaggerHashimoto ETH32.2 MH / S Expanse (EXP)DaggerHashimoto EXP32.2 MH / S Ubiq (UBQ)Ubqhash32.2 MH / S Monero (XMR)RandomX470.0 H / S Grin (GRIN)Cuckarooz292.2 H / S Ravencoin (RVN)KawPow13.0 MH / S Beam (BEAM)BeamHashIII13.5 H / S Hashrate AMD RX 580 8GB Overclocking AMD RX 580 8GB for Ethereum To overclock AMD RX 580 8GB for mining ether or other coins using the DaggerHashimoto algorithm, you need to increase the memory frequency, and on the contrary, lower the core to save energy. it does not affect the mining speed. Optimal overclocking parameters: DetailsHashrateProgramCoreMemoryPowerGIGABYTE RX 580 AORUS • Unknown Miner23.7 MH / s - 32.02 MH / s (+8.3)DaggerHashimoto ETHAMD Radeon Software-185+20060%Sapphire AMD Radeon RX 580 8GB NITRO + • George30.5 MH / s - 32.3 MH / s (+1.8)DaggerHashimoto ETHMSI Afterburner-21120060%GIGABYTE RX 580 AORUS • Paul26.0 MH / s- 33.26 MH / s (+7.3)DaggerHashimoto ETHAMD Radeon Software-ten2250100%GIGABYTE RX 580 GAMING • Paul26.0 MH / s - 30.5 MH / s (+4.5)DaggerHashimoto ETHAMD Radeon Software-72050100% Overclocking AMD RX 580 8GB for Ethereum What are the indicators of a video card in mining? The standard settings of the video card, despite its cost, will not be able to produce large values. Initially, by connecting the RX 580 with factory parameters, you can get no more than 25 Mh / s during mining. To unlock the potential and increase the speed of mining, it is necessary not only to overclock the processor and memory, but also to flash the BIOS . This is a very important point in the settings of a video card, especially with RAM from Samsung . They have the highest timing value that will provide overclocking potential. Thanks to the correct BIOS setting by the firmware, you can achieve a value of 32 Mh / s and more when extracting ether. Please note, this only applies to 8-gigabyte cards, their little sisters on Ethereum, now issue somewhere around 14-15 Mh / s. However, all other coins of the Ethash algorithm of 4 gigabytes are mined on a par with the RX 580 8GB cards. Specification: Radeon RX 580 Computing unit36Stream processor2304Clock frequency (acceleration / BASE)1340 MHz / 1257 MHzPeak performance6.2 trillion floating point operationsMemory clock speed (MHz / u200b) u200b u200b u200b u200b1750 u200biliMoreBandwidth memory256 GB / secMemory interface256 bitsMemory typeGDDR5Typical power board u200b185 w ^ Random access memory from other manufacturers has less good timings. It is impossible to find out what type of memory is on a video card without installing it on a computer. After installation, use the GPU-Z program . Optimal performance of RX 580 in mining: - Consumption: 120W - GPU temperature: 70 ° - BPM temperature: 90 ° - Memory temperature: 60 ° - Core overclocking: 1 167 MHz. - Memory overclocking: 2 150 MHz. AlgorithmHashrateConsumptionEthhash32 Mh / s135 wattsZhash21 H / s110 wattsCNSaber960 H / s115 wattsCNHeavy960 H / s115 wattsCNHaven960 H / s115 wattsCryptoNightV8830 H / s130 wattsAion95 H / s110 wattsNeoScrypt820 Kh / s150 wattsBCD8.4 Mh / s120 wattsTimeTravel108.2 Mh / s130 wattsX16R7 Mh / s140 wattsLyra2Z0.45 Mh / s120 wattsHex2.7 Mh / s85 wattsProgPow7.90 Mh / s140 wattsX22i3.90 Mh / s120 watts Previously, to earn more coins on the RX 580, they used Dual-mining (Ethereum + Decret, Ethereum + XVG, Ethereum + Smart). In the current period, double mining is not profitable. How profitable is mining with AMD Radeon RX 580 2048SP? AMD Radeon RX 580 2048SP can definitely a greater amount than 35.26 USD monthly income if a 16.67 MH/s hashrate on the ETH - Ethash (Phoenix) algorithm. AlgorithmHashrateMonthly IncomeMonthly BTC IncomeMonthly USD IncomeETH - Ethash (Phoenix)16.67 MH/s0.01044454 ETH0.00071832 BTC35.26 USDETC - Ethash (Phoenix)23.02 MH/s0.55714008 ETC0.00059503 BTC29.21 USDRVN - KawPow (NBMiner)≈9.38 MH/s≈268.07928696 RVN≈0.00058709 BTC≈28.82 USDBTG - ZHash (LOL)22.95 H/s0.31137636 BTG0.00037670 BTC18.49 USDXMR - RandomX (XMRig AMD)≈373.98 H/s≈0.00285197 XMR≈0.00001530 BTC≈0.70 USD How profitable is mining with AMD Radeon RX 580 2048SP? Which model to choose, the main nuances when buying When choosing a card, the user should pay attention to: - cooling system; - amount of video memory. In the store, you cannot find out the manufacturer of memory chips, you can only roughly focus on the manufacturer. But, even batches of gpu from the same factory can be supplied with memory from different suppliers. For example, Elpida chips were installed in March , and Samsung in April . However, this is not a matter of life and death as well as the choice of a supplier of graphics adapters. Perhaps the SAPPHIRE RX 580 with Samsung memory will be slightly cooler and more stable in mining than the ASUS RX 580 with Micron memory, but there is still no significant difference between them. Assemble the rig correctly and in no case save on the power supply, otherwise you will suffer, and not work. Most miners buy video cards from: - Gigabyte; - MSI; - SAPPHIRE. The performance in games with the RX 580 can be compared with the NVidia GeForce GTX 1060 card . But it costs more and is seriously lagging behind the Ethash algorithm. The GTX 1060 3GB video accelerator in 2020 for mining was almost irrelevant , if not for the classic Ethereum, which breathed life into outdated three-gig miners. However, GTX 1060 3GB will last a year at most, and, most likely, less, and, then, get out of the way. What to mine on AMD RX 580, the choice of the algorithm What to mine on AMD RX 580, the choice of the algorithm For the RX 580, ether mining is the most profitable. This algorithm will be the most profitable for its owner. At the factory parameters, the card outputs 22 Mh / s. But if you flash the BIOS and overclock it, you can achieve a result of 32 Mh / s. The latest versions of the Phoenix miner   allow you to overclock AMD cards up to 30-32 Mh / s on native firmware. To do this, in the clay, you need to correctly select the numerical value of  –strap and –rxboost , as well as set the  –cclock / -mclock parameters , and in the phoenix write  -mt (0 - default VBIOS values; 1 - faster timings; 2 - fastest timings) . These options modify the timings on the fly, and after closing the miner, the BIOS is rolled back to the factory settings. An alternative to the phoenix miner is the latest release of the Theamredminer application, but the program is very specific and can malfunction on Ethash. But it works great on KawPow and CryptoNightHaven. RVN mining brings good income, but the cards get very hot. If it is winter outside, you can just open the window, but in the summer it is almost impossible to work at KawPow. The Haven coin has seriously added to the price. Previously, it was mined using the SRBMiner or XMrig apps, but the fastest is the red miner. Download Theamredminer 07.19 and your RX 580 will give 1Kh / s to CryptoNightHaven. This miner supports a number of algorithms and is able to overclock Vega series cards, but RX 580 needs Bios modification, then you will get the maximum hash rate. An example of a batch file: @echo off set GPU_MAX_ALLOC_PERCENT = 100 set GPU_SINGLE_ALLOC_PERCENT = 100 set GPU_MAX_HEAP_SIZE = 100 set GPU_USE_SYNC_OBJECTS = 1 teamredminer.exe -a cn_haven -o Pool address -u Wallet -p password pause The Haven wallet address can be found on the exchange https://tradeogre.com/ . You can find out what is better to mine on RX 580 using special resources that constantly monitor the most profitable coins. The Wattomine and  Coincalculators website provide a simple interface where all the current coins are located. Basic algorithms for mining: - Ethhash  (Etc, Eth, Ubiq, Nicehash) - HavenProtocol (CryptoNightHaven); - Ravencoin (KawPow); - Beam (BeamHashIII); - Veil-ProgPow (ProgPow); - BitTubeCash (CuckooCycle) The cryptocurrency market is constantly changing, because of this, most miners are looking for the most profitable algorithm for mining. You can find information about the release of new coins on the Bitcointalk forum .Over the past few months, most miners have been mining  Ethereum (ETH) and Ethereum Classic (ETC) , the QuarkChain (QKC) project came out relatively recently, but shows good profitability in relation to other coins. In mining, the calculation speed indicators and the number of shares sent to the pool are denoted in one word - hash rate. But, these are completely different concepts and should not be confused. In the miner window, the hash rate is always more or less stable, and the hash rate of your farm on the pool can fluctuate significantly. It is necessary to focus not on the current indicators, but on the average value per day. However, sometimes, when mining, the hash rate can drop below 23 MH / s. Especially if your memory is not from Hynix. This problem occurs in the RX 580 Nitro graphics cards. Initially, the video card is more suitable for gamers and not for miners. Most users use Nicehash software  . After Read the full article

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Tax deductions with Accounting Software in Pakistan

Erpisto #1 Accounting Software in Pakistan There is a lot of confusing and contradictory information available. It's difficult to grasp what a sole owner needs to do to understand the tax ramifications of running their business between the website and sites with a lot of adverts. That's why we decided to write this guide — no adverts, fluff, or technical jargon, just straightforward, easy-to-understand facts. Are you paying attention to what we're saying?

As a solo proprietor, you're always looking for ways to save money and increase your profits.

We understand. So, let's discuss about tax deductions for sole proprietorships.

The quick version is that more deductions equals lower taxes.

As a sole proprietor, it's in your best interest to take advantage of and maximize tax deductions. They'll lower your tax bill, allowing you to put more money into your company.

It's not easy to file taxes as a sole owner, so don't fret. We're here to assist you.

To begin, we'll go through the fundamentals of a sole proprietorship and how it's taxed. Then we'll go through many tax deductions you should be aware of and how to take advantage of them.

Erpisto #1 Accounting Software in Pakistan

What are the signs that I'm a sole proprietor?

That is an excellent question. To assess your tax responsibilities, you must first decide if you are a sole proprietor. This is required in order to calculate your deductions!

Ownership is not restricted to a single industry. A lone proprietor is a person who owns and operates their own firm. Because it is not a legal corporation, the owner is responsible for all financial and legal obligations.

Even if you work as an independent contractor for one or two companies, you are very certainly a sole owner. In most cases, employers do not deduct taxes from an independent contractor's pay. You're probably a lone owner if no one is withholding your taxes.

The simplicity of starting a business as a lone owner is appealing. It's by far the simplest business to start because all you need is yourself and a set of abilities. Here's an example of a sole proprietorship business to get you started:

Services for computer repair

Freelance writing or graphic design are two options.

Photography for a landscaping or lawn service

Do sole proprietors have to pay taxes on a quarterly basis?

If you're new to working for yourself, you'll need to brush up on your tax knowledge.

One significant distinction is the payment of estimated taxes. Because your company does not deduct this money from your paycheck, you must make these every quarter to assist you meet your tax obligations.

If you work with an accountant, they can assist you in calculating your quarterly single proprietor taxes.

You'll need to know your net profit or loss to make accurate payments. Any net income over $400 earned each year must be paid to the Accounting Software in Pakistan.

What is the best way for a sole proprietorship to pay taxes?

It's time to start thinking about taxes now that you've determined you're a sole owner. We understand that this isn't the most enjoyable subject.

We'll break things down for you and make the process a little easier.

The quickest and most convenient way to pay your lone proprietor taxes is to go to the website and pay online. You have the option of using your bank account, a debit card, or a credit card. You can plan payments in advance by using your bank account. Those paying by debit or credit card can now make a payment over the phone. You can send a check, but the fastest way is to do so online. If you can't pay your tax bill right away, you can set up a payment plan. It's worth noting that this figure could contain interest and late fees. Don't forget to visit the website of your state's Department of Revenue. They are in charge of state sole proprietorship taxes, and it is to them that you must submit your state payment. While you may owe less in state taxes than in federal taxes, it's still vital to pay them.

Do sole proprietorships have to pay sales tax?

As a result, if you manage a flower shop or an internet store, you'll have to pay state taxes on the items you sell. The state in which you live will determine your tax rate.

You won't have to pay sales taxes on your services if you're a writer or graphic designer, but you will have to pay state sole proprietorship taxes on the money you make.

What is the procedure for a lone proprietor to receive a tax refund?

Overpaying on quarterly projected payments is the greatest way for a solo proprietor to seek a refund. If you pay more than you think you owe, you'll have a better chance of getting a refund when you file your return.

If you pay more in the hopes of getting a refund, you'll miss out on the opportunity to put that money to better use throughout the year.

As a lone proprietor, what expenses may you deduct?

Now comes the fun part. Let's speak about the deductions you can take as a sole proprietor when submitting your taxes.

You can have a lot of inquiries, such as "how much of my phone can I deduct from my taxes?" or “Can a home repair be written off?”

Each of these is covered in detail in the sole proprietorship standards. However, to save you time (which we understand is valuable as a business owner), we've compiled a list of significant deductions to be aware of. This will assist you in lowering your sole proprietorship's tax burden.

Is it true that our initial costs are tax deductible?

You're well aware that beginning a business is a difficult task.

It's also quite costly.

You can, fortunately, deduct some of your charges. In your first year in business, the Accounting Software in Pakistan will allow you to claim up to $5,000 in deductions. Advertising, travel, and fees linked with services or consultants are examples of these costs.

All of your beginning costs should be treated as capital expenses, according to the IRS. While interest and taxes can be deductible in some situations, they cannot be deducted as startup costs on sole proprietorship taxes.

Getting your firm off the ground costs a lot of money.

Starting a business as a sole proprietorship has one of the lowest entry barriers. However, you will need to invest some money to get your idea off the ground, just like any other firm. Many of these costs can be deducted from your taxes as a sole proprietor.

The majority of businesses require a website. There are fees associated with getting a site online, whether you develop it yourself or hire an expert. You'll need to get a domain name and create landing pages, among other things. Each of these goods has a price tag attached to it. You may deduct each as a business cost on your single proprietorship taxes, which is wonderful news.

Continuing education is important.

Perhaps you'd want to attend a few classes to extend your horizons.

The cost of your own schooling is deductible. You can subtract classes that help you maintain or develop your abilities in your current field.

You must be able to demonstrate that the knowledge you received maintains or enhances the job-related abilities.

If you're an accountant, taking a culinary class is unlikely to be tax deductible (but it may save you money on client dinners).

Deductions for health-insurance premiums

You probably bought insurance from a private company or the Healthcare Exchange.

In most cases, you'll be able to deduct the cost of any health, dental, or eligible long-term care insurance you buy.

You, your spouse, and any dependents may be included. These are not only wonderful investments, but they also help you save money on your sole proprietorship taxes.

Taxes on Social Security and Medicare can be written off.

The deduction of Social Security and Medicare from most W-2 employees' paychecks is handled by their employer.

You'll have to handle this on your own as a lone proprietor. On your quarterly social security and Medicare payments made throughout the year, you can claim a 50% reduction.

Plans for Retirement

It's a no-brainer to put money into a retirement account. As a lone proprietor, it's even more critical to keep track of your finances. You can deduct portion of your contributions from your taxes, according to the Accounting Software in Pakistan.

Let's look at two of the most common programmes and how they affect your sole proprietorship taxes.

Roth IRA: Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible. Traditional IRA: If you or your spouse (if you're married) aren't protected by an employer retirement plan, you can deduct your whole contribution. When it comes to single proprietorship taxes, the rules are a little more complicated. The amount deducted varies depending on the plan you choose and whether or not you contribute to it.

It's beneficial to work in your pajamas.

In today's world, it's highly likely that you're working from home. Maybe that's where you've always worked. This space can be claimed as a deduction because it is used for a business. The Simplified Method and the Regular Method are the two procedures used by the Accounting Software in Pakistan for home office deductions. There are two key conditions that must be met regardless of the option you choose: Your home office should be your primary place of business and should be utilized solely for these purposes. It's where you do most of your business. We'll go over how to figure out how much your home office is worth and how much you may deduct. If you have a home office or a room that is utilized for that purpose.

Simplified Method:

This option became available in the 2013 tax year.

It does not modify the qualification standards, but it does make the calculation easier.

$5 per square foot is the standard deduction (up to 300 sq. feet).

Mortgage interest and real estate taxes, for example, may be eligible.

By decreasing the quantity of record-keeping, this strategy makes things simple.

Regular Method: 

If you pursue the traditional approach, you'll need to figure up all of your home office expenses (utilities, mortgage interest, insurance, etc.)

Rather than cost per square foot, the deduction is based on the percentage of your home that is used for commercial purposes.

You may be able to claim direct and indirect expenses on your taxes if you use the traditional technique.

Here's the whole list of deductions you can take from your home office:

Losses due to rent casualties

Insurance against mortgage interest

Utilities

Depreciation

Repairs and maintenance

These write-offs are usually divided into two categories: direct and indirect charges. Repairs and upkeep to your office would be considered direct expenses because they are only tied to the commercial section of your house. Typically, these are entirely deductible. Indirect costs are those that apply to your entire home. Insurance and utilities, for example, are indirect because you use them for both commercial and personal purposes. To determine the permitted deduction, you'll need to compute the proportion usage of these items in relation to your firm.

Is it possible to deduct home repairs?

Home repairs that are directly relevant to your home office can be deducted. Perhaps you installed some storage, a new workstation, or repainted the room. These are costs that are tax deductible.

Unfortunately, deducting the cost of new kitchen countertops is not an eligible deduction.

What is the maximum proportion of utilities that I can claim?

When you saw utilities on the list, that was certainly one of the first things that came to mind.

Because home utilities overlap with personal use, you'll need to figure out what percentage of your home is used for business. You can use that formula to figure out how much of your utility costs you can deduct.

How can you figure out how much your home office is worth?

The Accounting Software in Pakistan allows you to depreciate the portion of your home that you use for business, but not the cost or value of the land. Before you depreciate your house, there are a few things you should know:

When you first started doing business out of your house.

The expense of upgrades done before and after you started doing business with it.

The proportion of your home that is used for business.

Your home's adjusted basis when you first started utilizing it for your business.

Alternatively, the fair market worth at the time you used it for business.

What if you rent?

Since we’ve talked about home office space, this may raise a question: “I’m a renter. Can I deduct rent on my sole proprietor taxes?”

The short answer is, yes. The same requirements apply to the business use of your home.

If you rent space (an office, co-working desk, store, etc.) you can use this as a deduction.

The IRS does have a caveat on what they refer to as “unreasonable rent.” Meaning, if you’re renting space from someone to whom you’re related, you need to pay them the same amount you would a stranger landlord. This situation typically only arises if you’re related, in some way, to the owner of the property.

Choosing a deduction option for a home office

If you're not sure which method is ideal for you, take out your calculator (also known as your cell phone) and conduct some calculations. If the projected deduction is close to the same, utilizing the simplified technique will likely save you time and frustration.

This is one of the best deductions for single proprietorship taxes, regardless of whatever option you choose.

Daycares are exempt from the rule. You can still claim a home deduction if you use your house to care for children, people over the age of 65, or people who are unable to care for themselves. You'll need to figure out how much of your home is used for childcare.

For your phone, there are deductions.

If you own a company, you're undoubtedly wondering, "How much of my phone can I deduct on my taxes?" After all, it's a significant element of your business. Cell phones aren't getting any less expensive, either (as we said earlier, it doubles as your calculator).

The IRS does not allow you to deduct the expense of your home's first phone line. Long-distance calls and the use of a dedicated business phone are both allowable deductions.

Deducting your travel and mileage expenditures

As a lone owner, you presumably use your vehicle for business activities, such as driving to meetings, conferences, and business meals, even if you usually work at home or at an office.

You are free to utilize the automobile in your personal life as well. If that's the case, you'll need to figure out what percentage your company uses.

It is possible to deduct mileage. This refers to journeys taken outside of your typical commute or within the approximate vicinity of your workplace and home.

Meals

The client dinner, oh, the client meal. Lunch is another option. Perhaps some coffee. Whether you like them or not, these meetings may pile up. Meals and entertainment expenses are normally eligible for a 50% deduction. The cost of travel to these meetings is a distinct expense that is not subject to the 50% rule.

When travelling for work, it's common to take advantage of free time and sight-seeing opportunities. You cannot deduct any expenses incurred during your vacation that are not relevant to your business (for example, travelling to a sporting event or visiting a museum).

Is it possible to claim coffee as a business expense?

If you enjoy coffee, you're in luck. In certain circumstances, you may be able to deduct your coffee expenses.

This is not deductible if you go to your local coffee shop for an afternoon pick-me-up. If you're meeting someone for a meeting, though, you can deduct 50% of the expense.

If you purchase brewing equipment or coffee for your home office, you can deduct the cost on your IRS sole proprietorship taxes.

Assets that depreciate

It's rare that most sole Accounting Software in Pakistan have a substantial number of assets having depreciation that can be deducted.

Let's take a quick look at this to make sure we've covered all of our bases. You can deduct a maximum of $1,040,000 starting in tax year 2020.

Depreciation on a vehicle is the most likely application for your sole proprietorship. The maximum depreciation deduction for a vehicle you use for work and that was first put into operation in 2019 is $10,100.

Expenses associated with impairment

If you have a disability, you may be able to employ services or tools to assist you with business responsibilities. If the support is solely for business purposes, the charges might be deducted from your sole proprietorship taxes.

Perhaps you require a computer to type documents and emails but are unable to do so. Buying dictation software for your business might be written off as a business expense.

Bad debts, loan interest, fees, oh my...

Hopefully, this does not happen frequently, but you may have a client who is unable to settle a bill you owe them.

A bad company debt can only be claimed if it was previously disclosed on your income.

Interest on loans that you intend to repay can usually be deducted. This is especially handy if you bought your firm with the help of a mortgage. You can deduct the costs of obtaining a mortgage from your sole proprietor taxes (again, providing you utilize the property for business purposes). The interest you pay on your mortgage can also be deducted.

Clubs and fees for organizations

A chamber of commerce, trade association, or networking group might be a good option. These groups are great for getting the word out about what you offer and meeting other professionals. These fees can be deducted if the organization is established for a business purpose.

This exception is to the IRS rule that club meals are not deductible. Your membership to a golf course didn't make it into the list.

We can help you to help yourself

There are many things you can do in tax season to make it less stressful.

Keep track of all your records. You can either save your records digitally or print them (preferably both). This information should be kept safe. Keep your receipts, bills, and statements organized. This will make it easier to find and allow you to take advantage of any deductions.

Hire a competent accountant. It is worth it to file correctly and get all the sole proprietorship tax deductions. It's OK if you are not a great at keeping records. A professional bookkeeper can make your life easier and prevent you from making costly mistakes. When it comes time to file taxes, your accountant will be grateful for the work of the bookkeeper. These services are also deductible.

Separate your personal and business expenses. If you blur these lines, things can become complicated. You should only make purchases with your business income ( Hint : eating out for yourself is not deductible).

Considerations for COVID-19

The IRS delayed the deadline for 2019 taxes due to ongoing economic crisis and pandemic. It will now be July 15, 2020.

Numerous state governments have changed their tax deadlines. Check with your Department of Revenue to find out more.

Additional resources available for sole proprietors

Due to the increase in gig jobs, IRS resources for sole proprietorship have been made easily available. Side gigs can be anything from ride-sharing to online creative marketplaces. More people are making side incomes than ever before.

These types of work are often part-time or temporary and done via digital platforms. This category could include services such as freelance writing, photography, and design work. Other sellers may offer handmade goods on online marketplaces such as Etsy and Uncommon Goods.

These fields have tax implications. You will need to pay taxes on gig work, regardless of whether it is your full-time job or a side hustle with Accounting Software in Pakistan. To reduce the tax burden on sole proprietorship taxes, the IRS recommends keeping track of all expenses.

You must keep track of your income. This is good business practice. You will still need to report income, even if you don’t receive a 1099 form from the people with whom you have worked.

Solopreneur does not necessarily mean you are in it alone

Even the most financially well-informed, tax season can send a chill down your spine. Many people worry about how to pay their taxes or what they should do. It doesn't have to be lonely filing taxes as a sole proprietor.

It's easy to get overwhelmed by all the information available. However, it will be easier to have a competent accountant or bookkeeper.

Even if your ability to manage your own records is sufficient, you should consider buying reliable bookkeeping software. This will allow you to keep all of your information in one place. It is crucial to keep good records in order to pay your sole proprietorship taxes. Your life will be easier after April 15 (or July 15, 2020).

Good habits are key to maximizing your business income. Your taxes can be viewed as a way to lower your expenses. Taxes can be one expense that you don't have control over if you are a sole proprietor. It is difficult to reduce rent, payroll, and insurance. You can reduce the tax impact on your bottom line by being meticulous in your business management.

To help sole proprietors do the things they love. This allows you to spend less time worrying about details such as taxes and deductions.

Simple Accounting Tips

KISS Keep it simple. Start small. A sole proprietorship is the simplest entity to start your business. This type of ownership does not require any special communication to the Internal Revenue Service or filings until you begin paying employees.

You are the sole proprietor. If your municipality or county requires it, you can only obtain an occupational license. You, the owner, are responsible for all state and city taxes collected on wholesale or retail sales that your business makes. State tax collection is not applicable to service businesses or most cross-state sales.

A personal liability umbrella policy is the best and most affordable way to protect yourself from personal liability as sole proprietor. It is important to know your trade and keep detailed records to avoid any liability.

Focus on building your business, not on communicating with the IRS. The IRS won't even know that you are a sole proprietor until you file your first personal income tax returns. Schedule C will be included in your return. This schedule lists all sales and expenses that you have recorded for your business. These sales and expenses don't need to be held in separate accounts as required by the LLC/Incorporation form. To provide a tax refund, the sole proprietor's losses can be offset by your day job's earnings.

In the first five years, 90% of small businesses go under or become new owners. You can plan your business to prosper, but if it becomes sole proprietor, you must cease doing business. There is no need to communicate with the IRS or fill out special forms. You will not be subject to additional taxes. Just file the final Schedule C along with your next personal tax return. KISS.

How can you get paid as sole proprietorship? You can simply take the money out as an advance. There are no quarterly forms or payroll taxes. Startups lose money in the initial years. Keep your day job to cover your living expenses.

You should know that "write-off" does not mean you are exempt from expenses. It only means that you will be able to save some taxes if you use the income for specific purposes.

Once you have passed the five-year hurdle you can speak with a CPA to discuss other entity types that may be able to save you taxes. A simple bookkeeping entry can transfer all business assets from the sole proprietorship to the new entity, without tax penalties of Accounting Software in Pakistan. You can then quit your job and celebrate your new income.

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[douchebagbrainwaves]

HACKERS AND SPEAKING

No company, however successful, ever looks more than a pretty good bet a few months. Either way it sucks. We ask mainly out of politeness. If you think someone judging you will work hard to judge you correctly, there's usually some feeling they shouldn't have to express every program as the definition of new types. If investors can no longer rely on their herd instincts, they'll have to get a foot in the door. -Oriented programming generates a lot of new work is preferable to a proof that was difficult, but doesn't lead to future discoveries; in the sciences generally, citation is considered a rough indicator of merit. If startups are mobile, the best local talent will go to the real Silicon Valley, and all they'll get at the local one will be the people who get PhDs in CS don't go into research. They're the ones in a position of power. I'm still not sure whether he thought AI was nonsense and that majoring in something rigorous would cure me of such stupid ambitions. I have never had to talk. When you change the angle of someone's eye five degrees, no one will pay for. Umair Haque wrote recently that the reason there aren't more Googles is that most startups get bought before they can change the world, people don't start things till they're sure what they want, regardless of how many are started.

Startups will go to work anyway and sit in front of them, so the odds of getting this great deal are 1 in 300. On the other hand, startup investing is a very strange business. Even if your only goal is to get every distraction out of the closet and admit, at least by comparison, be called turmoil. Just two or three lifetimes ago, most people in what are now called industrialized countries lived by farming. But software companies don't hire students for the summer as a source of cheap labor. But if you're starting a startup. I worried? I said what they need to get good grades to get into elite colleges, and college students think they need to get good grades to impress future employers, students will try to undermine the VCs by acting faster, and the VCs will gradually figure out ways to make money from. How casual successful startup founders are.

I write software: I sit down and blow out a lame version 1 as fast as angels and super-angels themselves. We think of the techniques we're developing for dealing with detail. I know of schlep blindness is Stripe, or rather Stripe's idea. You're better off avoiding these. If so, your old tastes were not merely different, but worse. Why is it that research can be done by collaborators. I'd guess the most successful startups we've funded haven't launched their products yet, but are definitely launched as companies. Fortran because not surprisingly in a language where you have to design what the user needs, who is the user? You may dispute either of the premises, but if you get funded by Y Combinator. But it seems more dangerous to put stuff in that you've never needed because it's thought to be a promising experiment that's worth funding to see how it turns out.1 But the startup world for so long that it seems promising enough to worry that you might not be the best solution. In Kate's world, everything is still physical and expensive.

Only a few companies have been smart enough to realize this so far. It's not super hard to get into grad school or just be good at math to write Mathematica. Google is afflicted with this, apparently. It has always seemed to me the solution is to tackle the problem head-on, and that people should work for another company for a few years down the line. With so much at stake, they have to be big, and it frees conscious thought for the hard problems. Why do you think so? Whereas when they don't like you, they'll be out of business, lies in something very old-fashioned: face to face for three months—so closely in fact that we insist they move to where we are. A lot of them. They believe this because it really feels that way to them.2

That solves the problem if you get a real job after you graduate. Because depending on the meaning of the word 'is' is. As usual, by Demo Day about half the founders from that first summer, less than two years ago, are now rich, at least in the short term. It was a lot of institutionalized delays in startup funding: the multi-week mating dance with investors; the distinction between termsheets and deals; the fact that you're mainly interested in hacking shouldn't deter you from going to grad school, because very few people are quite at home in computer science, and it will seem to investors no more than superficial changes. It's not just because they were pulled into it by unscrupulous investment bankers. You're rolling the dice again, whether you want them as a cofounder. In the mid twentieth century there was a great deal of play in these numbers. When you're forced to be simple, you're forced to be simple, you're forced to face the real problem. They treat the words printed in the book the same way you'd deal with a cold swimming pool: just jump in. So when you find an idea you know is good but most people disagree with, you should get a job. Nowadays a lot of de facto control after a series A round needs to be a good time for startups to have traction before they put in significant money.

One of our goals with Y Combinator was to discover the lower bound on the age of startup founders.3 If taste is just personal preference is a good deal of fighting in being the public face of an organization. The biggest factor determining how a VC will feel about your startup is how other VCs feel about it. Your tastes will change. So unless their founders could pull off an IPO which would be difficult with Yahoo as a competitor, they had become extremely formidable. The mobility of seed-stage startups means that seed funding is a national business.4 The puffed-up companies that went public during the Bubble didn't do it just because they want you to be a really good deal.

Do you, er, want a printout of yesterday's news? I know many people who switched from math to painting. This essay is derived from talks at the 2007 Startup School and the Berkeley CSUA. As well as mattering less whether students get degrees, it will turn out worse. Some magazines may thrive by focusing on the magazine as a physical object. As long as it isn't floppy, consumers still perceive it as a period that would have been for two Google employees to focus on the wrong things for six months, and the super-angels were initially angels of the classic type. Should you take it? Maybe, though the list of acquirers is a lot less than most university departments like to admit. VCs do now. It's too late now to be Stripe, but there's usually some feeling they shouldn't have to—that their startup will be huge—and convincing anyone of something like that must obviously entail some wild feat of salesmanship. The other reason parents may be mistaken is that, like generals, they're always fighting the last war.

5% an offer of 6. How has your taste changed? I don't consider myself to be doing research on programming languages. So if you want to work for, they may start to focus on working with other students they want as cofounders. Even though Y Combinator is teach hackers about the inevitability of schleps. And that statistic is probably not an option for most magazines. The seriousness of signalling risk depends on how far along you are with other investors seems the complementary countermove. Over in the arts. I don't know yet what the new rules will be, but it has to be better if both were combined in one group, headed by someone with a PhD in computer science, and it has to double: if you can imagine someone surpassing you, you can predict fairly accurately what the next few years will be like, but I'm not too worried about it.

Notes

That's because the arrival of desktop publishing, given people the first year or two, because they need them to private schools that in Silicon Valley, but suburbs are so different from a startup is compress a lifetime's worth of work into a fancy restaurant in San Francisco. We could be done, she expresses it by smiling more. It would have been the first question is only half a religious one; there is one that did.

The ordering system, which is probably part of a heuristic for detecting whether you realize it yet or not, and this is also a second factor: startup founders is how much they lied to them. Give the founders are driven only by money—for example, being offered large bribes by the financial controls of World War II was in logic and zoology, both your lawyers should be taken into account, they mean. It may be whether what you build for them.

We invest small amounts of new inventions until they become so embedded that they don't make users register to try to write it all yourself. It's lame that VCs play such games, but more often than not what it would be possible to have balked at this, but he got killed in the US treat the poor worse than Japanese car companies, but have no idea what's happening as merely not-too-demanding environment, and this trick merely forces you to agree. You're not seeing fragmentation unless you see them much in their target market the shoplifters are also the 11% most susceptible to charisma. If an investor makes you a clean offer with no valuation cap is merely boring, we found they used it to the biggest winners, which was acquired for 50 million, and don't want to work like they worked together mostly at night.

Except text editors and compilers. Users dislike their new operating system.

Thanks to Dan Giffin, Jessica Livingston, Hutch Fishman, Sam Altman, Robert Morris, and Ron Conway for sparking my interest in this topic.

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