Bridging the Divide: Overcoming Limited Integration in the Black Sea Region
by Eastern European Institute for Trade
Navigating the complex landscape of regional cooperation, the Black Sea region has faced significant challenges in fostering economic and political integration. Despite its geopolitical importance and rich natural resources, historical disputes and a lack of harmonized policy frameworks have hindered the area’s full potential. This article delves into the existing limitations, highlighting avenues for enhancing integration and cooperation for a more prosperous and stable future.
With a shared historical heritage, the Black Sea countries hold great potential for economic collaboration. However, internal and external political tensions have resulted in a fragmented landscape, impeding the region’s progress (Manoli, 2015). As a means to bridge this divide, multilateral initiatives such as the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) and the European Union’s Eastern Partnership have sought to foster cooperation and economic integration (Beyer, 2016).
Trade barriers are one of the most critical factors hindering economic integration in the region. The World Bank (2014) highlights that despite the establishment of the BSEC, trade among its members remains significantly below potential. Reducing these barriers by streamlining customs procedures, harmonizing regulations, and implementing joint infrastructure projects can boost intra-regional trade and foster economic growth.
Energy security has emerged as a pivotal issue in the Black Sea region, with countries such as Turkey, Romania, and Bulgaria seeking to diversify their energy sources (EIA, 2013). Collaborative efforts in developing energy infrastructure, such as the Southern Gas Corridor, can enhance regional energy security and foster economic cooperation.
Investment in cross-border infrastructure projects, such as the TRACECA and TEN-T transport corridors, can significantly improve connectivity within the Black Sea region (European Commission, 2020). Improved infrastructure not only strengthens economic ties but also enhances the region’s attractiveness to foreign investors.
Lastly, enhancing people-to-people contacts through joint educational and cultural programs is vital to fostering trust, understanding, and cooperation among the Black Sea countries (Uzer, 2017). These initiatives can lead to the development of a shared regional identity and pave the way for increased collaboration in other sectors.
In conclusion, overcoming the limitations of regional integration in the Black Sea region necessitates a multifaceted approach encompassing trade, energy, infrastructure, and people-to-people contacts. Such an approach can unlock the region’s potential and pave the way for a prosperous and stable future.
References:
Beyer, A. (2016). The external dimension of the EU’s Eastern Partnership: the case of the Black Sea region. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 16(4), 577–591.
EIA. (2013). Black Sea Region: Energy Resource Development and Transportation. U.S. Energy Information Administration. Sourced from https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/special-reports/2013/black-sea
European Commission. (2020). The TEN-T Network. Sourced from https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/infrastructure/ten-t_en
Manoli, P. (2015). The Black Sea region and EU policy: the challenge of divergent agendas. Routledge.
Uzer, U. (2017). Identity and Turkish foreign policy: the Kemalist influence in Cyprus and the Caucasus. Bloomsbury Publishing.
World Bank. (2014). Overcoming Trade Barriers in the Black Sea Region. Sourced fromhttps://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/11/10/overcoming-trade-barriers-in-the-black-sea-region
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I found tgcf via some gorgeous fanart of two pretty men looking at each other like the other hung the stars on the skies so I came to check it out.
Fully expected it to be just a niche ship with no actual evidence in the show other than the fandom thinking they'd be cute together. But no. Hua Cheng and Xie Lian really are tenderly eyefucking every time they're in frame together. All of them.
(spoilers)
The first time they meet in wedding attire, sauntering like they're literally walking down the isle. On the wagon. At the shrine while sharing a bed. In a devestating sandstorm mid air. In a giant pit filled with dead bodies and blood. It's insane.
The last time I've seen romantic tension this tangible in a show was in Yuri on Ice and that's REALLY saying something my dudes.
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an artist i follow got an ask about whether it was alright to use their art as covers for fanfic bookbinding and i'm. sorry i must have missed this discourse but since when are people outright printing out other people's work and binding them into books? do you contact and get author's permission (sure as fuck hope so)? and how do we writers feel about that, because i certainly feel very uncomfortable with that idea. i mean not to spoil the artistic expression of bookbinding because it's beautiful work that i most certainly could not do, but. you can access them stories any time you want on the websites where they were originally posted. why print them? again i mean i get the pleasure of holding & reading physical books, i much prefer that too, but like. get some books i guess? sorry i come from a place of honesty and tbh surprise and confusion about this whole thing. someone tell me how we're feeling about this. someone explain to me why it's being done. i just wanna understand
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The Medium and his assistant
Amity Park was a roller coaster, but after eliminating the GIW, talking to the Fentons, and getting some sort of alliance with the ghosts, Danny felt like he didn't have much else to do. He took Ellie's advice to travel a bit, but tried to make it a little more exciting.
Although the money he had been given could last forever (and longer with Vlad's card in his pocket), he wanted to earn his own money. So he made his trip a fun job, turning part of his vehicle into a trailer. Thus was born his career as a medium and fortune teller, traveling around the world, listening to the dead, advising people, etc.
Technically, thanks to Clockwork Danny could see the future, but he doesn't need it, or at least not always. And talking to the dead was practically his day-to-day, so he thought he had chosen well.
During one of his trips, when he passed through Gotham he found a zombie (which turned out to be a halfa!), the poor thing was lost, and wandering, so he helped him and did the most sensible thing possible: he offered him a job. Jason, who hadn't been back for a long time and his memories were scrambled, decided that he needed a vacation anyway, for his own sanity (not seeing the Joker's face was a bonus) and accepted the offer. Of course, he covered his face in case someone recognized him as the son of a millionaire, Danny approved.
Both traveled around the world, offering their services and bothering a certain Constantine who complained every time they had the same client (Danny replied that it really wasn't his fault, but the British man was still upset). A year later they returned to Gotham.
The Batfam assumed that Danny's business was a scam. But Bruce was desperate, he wanted to talk with Jason, to hear about him, even if it was a scam, so he visited them. When Danny asked who he wanted to contact, Bruce replied "Jason Todd."
Danny, who knew full well the identity of his employee, raised an eyebrow and glanced surreptitiously at his assistant, who was avoiding his gaze. He sighed before continuing his 'work', glancing at Jay from time to time.
A few days later, Dick Grayson showed up with the same request, and Danny made sure to kick Jason as soon as he left.
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