The 1987 Montreal Protocol, which phased out the production and use of chemicals that were depleting the ozone layer, has long been considered one of the most successful environmental treaties in history. New research finds that the global pact achieved another unforeseen benefit: delaying the melting of Arctic sea ice.
In a study published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from the University of Exeter and Columbia University found that the implementation of the Montreal Protocol is delaying the first ice-free Arctic summer by up to 15 years. That’s because the chemicals banned under the agreement are also potent greenhouse gases.
“Our results show that the climate benefits from the Montreal Protocol are not in some faraway future: the protocol is delaying the melting of Arctic sea ice at this very moment,” Lorenzo Polvani, one of the study’s authors, said in a press release.
The study authors ran a series of climate models based on two different scenarios: one that included levels of ozone-depleting substances that would be expected if the Montreal Protocol never existed, and another accounting for the global treaty. The researchers concluded that the protocol is postponing the first ice-free Arctic summer by a decade or more, and entirely due to the phasedown of ozone-depleting chemicals.
The Montreal Protocol was created to address a hole in the stratospheric ozone layer over the Antarctic. The ozone layer protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation that causes skin cancer and cataracts in humans. The treaty phased out almost 100 chemicals — including aerosols used in hair spray and other products, refrigerants, and solvents — that were found to be responsible for destroying stratospheric ozone.
Those banned chemicals, collectively called ozone-depleting substances, or ODS, are also potent greenhouse gases, with up to tens of thousands times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide. The report authors estimate that 1 metric ton of avoided ODS emissions leads to 7,000 square meters (more than 75,000 square feet) of avoided Arctic sea loss. By way of comparison, 1 metric ton of carbon dioxide emissions results in about 3 square meters (about 32 square feet) of sea ice loss.
Given the potency of ODSs as a greenhouse gas, the authors are not surprised at this outsize impact on Arctic sea ice levels. “Nonetheless, such a large mitigating impact of the Montreal Protocol on Arctic sea ice loss is remarkable if one keeps in mind that the protocol was aimed at preventing ozone depletion in the Antarctic stratosphere, and little was known of its effect on Arctic sea ice when the protocol was signed,” the authors noted.
According to their projections, the Montreal Protocol has already prevented more than half a million square kilometers (about 193,000 square miles) of sea ice loss. By 2030, that amount will rise to more than 1 million square kilometers, and to 2 million square kilometers of prevented Arctic sea ice loss by 2040.
-via Grist, 5/24/23
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want some positive world news? yesterday, in a truly historic moment, Colombia elected its first left-wing president. after 20 years of far-right rule, the traditionally conservative country has elected the remarkably progressive candidate Gustavo Petro (and his running mate Francia Márquez, who will be the first black woman to serve as the country's Vice President!)
for context, imagine if the U.S. had successfully elected Bernie Sanders (after 20 years of republican presidents). that's how big a deal this is. amidst a dangerous global rise in conservatism, this is an enormous win and a cause for hope.
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Atsushi really said "I can fix him" AND HE DID
sskk makes me ugly cry (both romantic and platonic)
Every time I hear "Do we need more?" I spontaneously combust
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me n who ?!?!?!? ME N WHO GUYS ...
picrews: 1 2 3 4
mking silly girlfailure picrews are the only thing saving my sanity which took quite a number of blows today ( its hanging on by the measliest thread but i think its better to consider it go n e )
anyways i wanna make a silly tag game so we are going to make a silly tag game because in the wise words of martin luther king i think wait it was probably gandhi "be the change you wish to see in the world" arent i so cool guys im taking like the first step forward and :stareyes: ahahah
(no pressure) tags !! 🏷️ : @cienxpidity, @ilyuu, @anonbinaryweirdo, @suntoru, @tuesdayberries, @lume-nosity, @mrcrazyvillainvillainn, @ceneid, @amalythea, @xianyoon, @aeon-yao, @ryuryuryuyurboat, @auroratumbles, @snobwaffles, @the-white-void + everyone i probably forgot to tag (SPS IM SORRY) n anyone else whod like to join !!
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genuine thank you to creatives who reblog their own stuff five times because otherwise i miss cool shit and i need to maintain my reputation of being on here 24/7. which i am. but sometimes my app crashes 20 posts down the dash so i still miss cool shit despite my diligent commitment to not having a life. anyway thank you from the heart.
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jeff blim's hatchetfield characters as different eras of his hair
legends have it rim tim himself possessed me to make this post. anyway this will only include characters in my jeff blim family tree, so like trent monroe and some background characters arent gonna be there
1. Mr Ken Davidson
this fuckin hairstyle jeff rocked in S.W.A.T lives rent free in my head
mr davidson is like, 50< in my mind. he might be balding, in which case we dont really have a hairstyle for him. but i stumbled upon this one and i just felt like itd fit him a lot
2. Sam Sweetly
no idea where i got this image from ngl. just google ig??
anyway, sam's hair is long and well taken care of. he needs to look hot so zoey would fuck him after all. this hairstyle is kinda slicked back?? idk probably so he can chase criminals and then run his hand through his hair prettily
i just think hes like, down bad
3. General John MacNamara
just his hairstyle, but in tgwdlm
this ponytail. THIS FUCKING PONYTAIL BROKE ME. he looks good while also staying practical, unlike a certain cop we talked about earlier
4. Barry Swift/The Man In A Hurry
jeff's ruffled hair from the trail to oregon
our first bit change everyone. i believe barry cut his hair pretty short so thered be less maintenance required, but then became too busy to cut it again once its grown out a little. also kinda ruffled because hes in too much of a hurry to yk, take good care of it
5. The Coffee Jerk
jeff's hair from ttto, except less ruffled
cj and miah are brothers but they keep getting mistaken for each other because of the hair. they both dont wanna change their hair (the entire jeff blim family likes to look pretty, w/ the exception of miah and hidgens), so theyll just have to make do. less messy than miah because he isnt in a hurry thank god
6. The Principal
this bun he had in 911
i just think jeff looks neat with a bun or tied up hair alright?
there are more to come but i ran out of images so uh, part 2 coming soon?
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