Notes on Africans in republican Rome, from Gruen's "Romans and Others":
Rome had a significant population of Black and African-descended people, across a wide array of professions. For any work set after ~250 BCE, there should definitely be Black people in Rome.
Most African Romans were probably originally slaves, either bought through the slave trade, or taken as prisoners of war.
Slavery was not specifically associated with African people, or with any particular ethnic group. The high rate of manumission in cities lead to many Africans holding Roman citizenship.
Roman beauty standards favored light skin, but otherwise the Romans seem to have considered skin color irrelevant.
Intermarriage was common, and busts survive of wealthy Romans with more African facial features, indicating a degree of social mobility.
The Romans did stereotype ethnic groups, but prejudice doesn't appear to have been harsher toward Africans than toward Gauls, Germans, Iberians or Greeks, and there are positive portrayals of Africans in the works of Plautus, Diodorus, Seneca the Younger, Lucian and Philostratus.
The most famous African Romans are Terence the playwright, the emperor Septimius Severus, and Saint Augustine.
Also, Gruen doesn't discuss this, but Roman Africa was actually one of the wealthiest provinces in the empire, had its own Romance language, and many people immigrated there for a better life!
(Erich Gruen, “Romans and Others,” in A Companion to the Roman Republic, ed. Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Morstein-Marx)
(Gruen does use some language that is now outdated or uncomfortable; I will forgive him on account of him being 89, and his overall conclusions are meant to correct racist ideas.)
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18 Afrofantasy Worlds to Read after you watch Wakanda Forever
So I see you guys love these lists and, hey, I’m not going to complain, I love looking at these sets of beautiful cover art. This theme is... Afro Fantasy Worlds! ♥♥ From alt-Cairo to alt-Johannesburg and many magical worlds in between, I’ve chosen 18 books full of African magic.
Add your favorites in the comments, too! I only ended up with two male MCs... that’s sadly a shortcoming in YA fantasy in general, although not every book here is YA.
Support my blog and read at the same time when you buy from the linked titles below, which go to Bookshop.org (where you support small bookshops, too!) Or get a free trial at Scribd for ebooks & audiobooks.
Beasts of Prey by Ayana Gray
Fate binds two Black teenagers from different social classes together as they strike a dangerous alliance to enter a magical jungle and hunt down the ancient creature menacing their home--and discover much more than they bargained for.
Daughters of Nri by Reni K. Amayo
A gruesome war results in the old gods' departure from earth. The only remnants of their existence lie in two girls. Twins, separated at birth. Goddesses who grow up believing that they are human. Their epic journey of self-discovery as they embark on a path back to one another.
Everfair by Nisi Shawl
A steampunk alternate-history novel set in the Belgian Congo. What if the African natives developed steam power ahead of their colonial oppressors? This land, named Everfair, is set aside as a safe haven, an imaginary Utopia for native populations of the Congo as well as escaped slaves returning from America and other places where African natives were being mistreated.
The Final Strife by Saara El-Arifi
A fantasy trilogy with its roots in the mythology of Africa and Arabia, three women band together against a cruel empire where castes are divided by the color of one's blood.
A Master of Djinn by P. Djèlí Clark
A young magical detective in 1912 Cairo must investigate the murders of a secret brotherhood dedicated to one of the most famous men in history, al-Jahiz, when the murderer claims to be al-Jahiz himself returned to condemn the modern age for its social oppressions
Raybearer by Jordan Ifueko
Tarisai was raised in isolation by a mysterious, often absent mother known only as The Lady. The Lady sends her to compete to be chosen as one of the Crown Prince's Council of 11. If she's picked, she'll be joined with the other Council members through the Ray, a bond deeper than blood. That closeness is irresistible to Tarisai, who has always wanted to belong somewhere. But The Lady has other ideas, including a magical wish that Tarisai is compelled to obey: Kill the Crown Prince once she gains his trust.
Kingdom of Souls by Rena Barron
Heir to two lines of powerful witchdoctors, Arrah yearns for magic of her own. Under the disapproving eye of her mother, the Kingdom's most powerful priestess and seer, she fears she may never be good enough. But when the Kingdom's children begin to disappear, Arrah is desperate enough to turn to a forbidden, dangerous ritual.
Son of the Storm by Suyi Davies Okungbowa
Danso is a clever scholar on the cusp of achieving greatness--except he doesn't want it. Instead, he prefers to chase forbidden stories about what lies outside the city walls. But when Danso stumbles across a warrior wielding magic that shouldn't exist, he's put on a collision course with Bassa's darkest secrets. Drawn into the city's hidden history, he sets out on a journey beyond its borders.
The Theft of Sunlight by Intisar Khanani
Children have been disappearing from across Menaiya for longer than Amraeya ni Ansarim can remember. When her friend's sister is snatched, Rae knows she can't look away any longer. She finds unexpected support from a foreign princess and a street thief with secrets of his own.
Blood Scion by Deborah Falayei
They wanted me to be a monster. I will be the worst monster they ever created. Fifteen-year-old Sloane can incinerate an enemy at will--she is a Scion, a descendant of the ancient Orisha gods. When she is forcibly conscripted into the Lucis army, Sloane sees a new opportunity: to overcome the bloody challenges of Lucis training, and destroy them from within.
Skin of the Sea by Natasha Bowen
Simi prayed to the gods, once. Now she serves them as Mami Wata--a mermaid--collecting the souls of those who die at sea and blessing their journeys back home. But when a living boy is thrown overboard, Simi goes against an ancient decree and does the unthinkable--she saves his life. And punishment awaits those who dare to defy the gods.
The Gilded Ones by Namina Forna
On the day of the blood ceremony of her village, Deka's blood runs gold, the color of impurity-and Deka knows she will face a consequence worse than death. Then a mysterious woman comes to her with a choice: stay in the village and submit to her fate, or leave to fight for the emperor in an army of girls just like her. They are called alaki-near-immortals with rare gifts. And they are the only ones who can stop the empire's greatest threat.
Zoo City by Lauren Beukes
Set in a world where murderers and other criminals acquire magical animals that are mystically bonded to them. Zinzi has a Sloth on her back, a dirty 419 scam habit, and a talent for finding lost things. When a little old lady turns up dead and the cops confiscate her last paycheck, Zinzi's forced to take on her least favorite kind of job -- missing persons.
Noor by Nnedi Okorafor
In a near-future Nigeria. Anwuli Okwudili prefers to be called AO, Artificial Organism. Instead of viewing her strange body the way the world views it, as freakish, unnatural, even the work of the devil, AO embraces all that she is: A woman with a ton of major and necessary body augmentations. And then one day she goes to her local market and everything goes wrong.
Children of Blood and Bone by Tomi Adeyemi
Zélie Adebola remembers when the soil of Orïsha hummed with magic. But everything changed the night magic disappeared. Under the orders of a ruthless king, maji were killed, leaving Zélie without a mother and her people without hope. Now Zélie has one chance to bring back magic and strike against the monarchy. With the help of a rogue princess, Zélie must outwit and outrun the crown prince, who is hell-bent on eradicating magic for good.
A River of Royal Blood by Amanda Joy
Sixteen-year-old Eva is a princess, born with the magick of marrow and blood--a dark and terrible magick that hasn't been seen for generations in the vibrant but fractured country of Myre. Its last known practitioner was Queen Raina, who toppled the native khimaer royalty and massacred thousands, including her own sister, eight generations ago. Eva must now face her older sister, Isa, in a battle to the death if she hopes to ascend to the Ivory Throne.
Changa’s Safari by Milton Davis
In the 15th century on the African Continent a young prince flees his homeland of Kongo, vowing to seek revenge for the murder of his father and the enslavement of his family and his people. He triumphs over the slavery and the fighting pits of Mogadishu to become a legendary fighter and respected merchant.
Waking Fire by Jean Louise
Naira Khoum has only known life in Lagusa, a quiet village at the desert’s end. But to the rest of the world, Lagusa is a myth, its location shrouded in secrecy. While war rages to the north led by power-hungry Sothpike and his army of undead monsters called Dambi, Naira’s people live in peace. Until the impossible happens—Lagusa is attacked by a Mistress sent to do Sothpike’s bidding with a hoard of Dambi under her control.
Bonus: Daughters of Oduma by Moses Ose Utomi
An elite female fighter must reenter the competition to protect her found family of younger sisters in this scintillating young adult fantasy inspired by West African culture.
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Hey, just curious, but do any of ya’ll think there is a term for Black Americans whose ancestors were slaves? Because if not, I think there should be. This is all from my experience as an American who has not gotten to travel abroad. This post is specific to the US, as I cannot lump all nations’ experiences with this topic together.
Black Americans have forged a bit of a shared identity and community due the deep rooted aspects of race present in American society. Whether a Black American is a descendant of slaves, they are still impacted by racism in this country. However, a bit ago, I remember hearing someone talk about how they were talking with a group of Black college students having a discussion on race in America.
A couple of these students were not descendants of American slaves, and were instead Caribbean American. Also when the topic of slavery came up, there were very different perspectives due to the very different experiences both groups had. The thing is, the Caribbean American students were fully connected to their cultural roots, and had an easier time tracing back their ancestry. Meanwhile, Black Americans descended from slaves (like myself) have a culture of sorts, but we are also often unsure as to which cultures our ancestors came from. There is a feeling of sadness and a very specific generational trauma from knowing what happened to our ancestors.
We are unified in our Blackness, but some of us have very different relationships to race and Blackness in American and our country’s history with slavery. Some are more directly connected to it than others, while some bare very different generational trauma tied to their cultures. Both types of experiences are valid, but extremely different when it comes to the topic of history.
I feel like there should be a term that can be used to specifically refer to Black Americans who are descended from slaves, as that could be important context in conversations like these.
Does anyone get what I mean?
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Throughout my writing. I like to have Main Characters come from less talked about countries. My book "This is Achillean" has a majority cast of Latvians and takes place in the Baltics (with Estonians and Lithuanians also appearing). My screenplay "When Only We're Around" has a half Costa Rican Half Mexican protagonist. Cassie from "Going To Your Picnic" is from Malaysian parents (she's in foster care), while Niles from "Your Secrets Die With You" is Cambodian, while KJ is African American.
It just makes things more interesting than hearing about people from the same few countries
(These are also all Queer Stories, and have a range of queer identities represented as well)
(and no one is forcing me to do this. It's just a fun and positive way to differentiate characters 🤷🏻)
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