Tomb of Tomb of Ermengol VII, Count of Urgell, c. 1300-1350. A super fancy tomb in the Cloisters, a museum in New York City.
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An Apocalyptic Manuscript Monday
This week we present our facsimile of the 14th-century Cloisters Apocalypse, published in 1971 by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. As described in the introduction to the commentary about the manuscript, “[famine], pestilence, strife, and untimely death inspired apocalyptic fantasies and movements in Europe throughout the Middle Ages” (page 9), and this environmental influence led to the popularity of apocalyptic manuscripts like this French Apocalypse. Made in the 1330s for a Norman aristocratic couple, this manuscript has a few interesting details that set it apart from other Apocalypses, especially in relation to two other manuscripts in London (British Library, Add. Ms. 17333) and Paris (Bibliothèque Nationale, ms. Lat. 14410) that share similar formats, styles, and sequences with the Cloisters manuscript.
The first unique detail is the prefatory cycle of the life of Jesus in the introductory folios (1-2 verso). Since the Apocalypse of St. John the Divine (also known as the book of Revelation) was written by a titular St. John, prefatory cycles in Apocalypses usually consist of his life, rather than Christ’s. The other aspect of this manuscript that makes it distinct amongst its sister manuscripts is the addition of a dedication page on folio 38 verso. This page shows a man and woman kneeling in front of a tonsured saint and the Virgin and Child, respectively, representing the people for whom this manuscript was originally made for.
Interestingly, this manuscript also has multiple pages added to the original manuscript. Pasted on the inside front cover are handwritten provenance notes. The manuscript also did not originally include chapters and verses 16:14 through 20:3, and pages with this text were later added to the manuscript after the dedication page.
The materials used to create this manuscript include tempera, gold, silver, and ink on parchment with a later leather binding. If you are interested in seeing this unique Apocalypse manuscript, you can either use our facsimile, visit Gallery 13 of the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Cloisters where the original is on display, or view their digital presentation of the manuscript.
View other posts on our facsimiles of illuminated manuscripts.
– Sarah S., Special Collections Graduate Intern
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Black Magus, Germany, 15th century. Photo by me.
From the Met Cloisters.
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The Unicorn Rests in a Garden (from the Unicorn Tapestries) • French (cartoon)/South Netherlandish (woven) • 1495–1505 • The Cloisters of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Top left photo from the MET on fifth ave: Roses, Vincent Van Gogh, 1890
Top right and bottom row from the MET Cloisters: Standing Virgin and Child, attributed to Nicklaus Gerhaert von Leyden, 1470; Enthroned Virgin and Child, artist unknown, 1280-1300; The Prayer Book of Bonne of Luxembourg, attributed to Jean le Noir, before 1349
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