I've been thinking about the fact that some readers of Sense and Sensibility don't believe Willoughby truly loved Marianne, even though everyone in the book believes it and the narrator makes it clear how much he cared for her, at the end. And I think this reading of him takes away from one of the messages of the book, which is that love is not enough.
Willoughby loves Marianne, but that's not enough to stop him from hurting her, it's not enough to make him give up his cushy lifestyle and marry her, and it wouldn't have been enough to keep him happy with her long-term. Marianne loves Willoughby, but it wouldn't have been enough for her to be happy with him long-term either.
Edward loves Elinor, but that's not a good enough reason to break his promise to Lucy, because integrity and honor and responsibility are just as important to him. Brandon loves Marianne, but that's not reason enough to court her, because he knows her feelings lie elsewhere and she doesn't respect and esteem him yet.
Love is important to all these characters, and is a vital part in making the marriages that they ultimately end up in strong and happy, but it's not the only thing that makes them work.
Of course, Sense and Sensibility is hardly the only Austen novel to make the point that you need more than love or romance or passion to make a relationship work. But I think it's interesting how we get to see this play out in the villain of the novel. Willoughby does some truly horrific things, but his character shows that even really bad guys are capable of feeling love and guilt and remorse. But none of these feelings are ultimately strong enough to change him. Because love is not enough.
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Darcy is not a grump
Darcy gets a bad rap as being glum and cranky, and while he does certainly have those moments, and he has a serious personality overall, he actually smiles a lot in the book, and all but one of those times are before his "transformation" from a dick to a nice guy!
So who is actually the most glum Austen hero? I searched the online texts of each of the six novels to find out, then made this chart:
Things I found interesting in my research:
Darcy is actually more cheerful than most Austen heroes!
Darcy is described as expressing cheer twice as much as Bingley. In fact, Bingley is described as explicitly smiling zero times!
Knightley, who I always think of as being pretty serious, is actually the second most cheerful guy out of the whole lot
Edmund, who deserves to be sad because he sucks, is far and away the happiest hero, damn it
Only Bingley, Henry, Knightley, and Edmund laugh
Now obviously, the length of each book and the amount of time each character appears greatly affects this. For instance, Bingley gets far less page-time than Darcy, so it makes sense that we hear about his emotions far less—of course I am not suggesting that Bingley's temperament is actually more serious than Darcy's. I'm also certain that Henry Tilney would have won out over Edmund as the most cheerful hero if Northanger Abbey was as long as Mansfield Park is; NA is only about 77k words, while MP is twice as long at 159k words. Plus, MP spends a lot more time in the man's POV than most of the novels do. If I was a statistician, I would find a way to adjust for these factors, but even I am not that nerdy.
My full notes are under the cut, if you're a complete Janeite nerd like me and want to dig into my non-scientific data.
Edward: 1 smile, 1 description of surroundings that "exceedingly pleased him", 1 "heard with pleasure", 2 cheerful; total 5
Bingley: 0 smiles!!!, 1 "expression of half-laughing alarm," 1 laugh, 1 pleased, 1 "expressed great pleasure" but might be polite figure of speech, 1 "looking both pleased and embarrassed," 1 "ease and cheerfulness", 1 "was all grateful pleasure" but not sure if accurate/sincere; total 6
Wentworth: 2 smiles, 1 "little smile," 1 "half smiling," 1 "almost a smile," 1 "artificial" smile, 1 "smiles reined in" which I think applies to both W and Anne, 1 assumed laughing as part of a group, 1 joined a walk with pleasure; total 7
Brandon: 1 "faint smile," 1 "tried to smile", part of 1 "every body laugh", 1 pleased, 1 received civilities with pleasure, 1 pleasure "will be very great", 1 "his open pleasure in meeting her", 1 "engaged with pleasure", 2 cheerful; total 8
Darcy: 8 smiles, 1 "a sort of smile," 1 "smile of affected incredulity" when E's talking about Wickham during the proposal, 1 "expression of heartfelt delight", 1 "delighted with their engagement", 1 meditating with pleasure on fine eyes, 1 thinking cheerfully; total 13
Henry: 8 smiles, 1 "endeavouring not to smile," 1 "set smile" but he's trying to be funny, part of 1 "everybody smiled", 1 laugh, 1 "you are laughing" said by C directed at H but the narrator doesn't say he's laughing or smiling but he certainly is teasing, part of 1 group laugh, 2 times being amused, 2 delighted with C, 1 "pleasure of finding nothing to detain me" but unsure if polite figure of speech: total 19
Knightley: 14 smiles, 1 "reproachful smile," 1 "trying not to smile and succeeded without difficulty," 1 "she forced him to smile," 1 "trying not to smile," 1 laugh, 2 pleased, 1 amused, 1 feeling of "delightful assurance", 1 pleasure, 1 "pleasure always" re: being with Jane, 1 "chat of pleasure", 1 cheerful: total 23
Edmund: 10 smiles, 1 "you may smile" said by Mary directed at E, 1 "serious smile," 1 smile by "the three others" but I can't tell if E is one of those three, 1 "smile that did not sit easy," 1 smile that seems to be from E but might be from F, part of 1 group laugh but F thinks E is struggling to be cheerful but is successful, part of 1 group laugh off-page, 1 laugh, 1 pleased, 1 amused, 2 delighted, 1 "delightful happiness", 4 pleasure, part of 2 group pleasure, part of 3 cheerful groups, 3 cheerful: total 32
I counted every mention of a smile, laugh, or looking amused or pleased, or having delight or pleasure, or being cheerful. If there was a mention of everybody or a group smiling or laughing, and the guy was part of the group, I counted it. "Faint smiles" and the like are counted, as are instances where the guy is trying to not smile, but I did not count any time the narrator said the guy tried to smile, forced a smile, laughed bitterly, etc.—only genuine cheer, however small, counts! I also did not count any instance of the guy expressing "his pleasure" when it was clear it was just a polite figure of speech.
Searched for: smile/ing, laugh, amuse, pleased, pleasure, delight, cheerful, happy countenance, happy face, happy look, happy expression, look of happiness, expression of happiness
Did not search: gay, gaiety, joy, felicity, merry, merriment, or happy/happiness without modifiers, because this already took way too many hours (yes, hours) as it was!
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