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zero - zéro - cero - zéwo - null
one - un - uno - yonn - eins
two - deux - dos - dé - zwei
three - trois - tres - twa - drei
four - quatre - cuatro - kat - vier
five - cinq - cinco - sènk - fünf
six - six - séis - sis - sechs
seven - sept - siete - sèt - sieben
eight - huit - ocho - (y)wit - acht
nine - neuf - nueve - nèf - neun
ten - dix - diez - dis - zehn
eleven - onze - once - wonz - elf
twelve - douze - doce - douz - zwölf
thirteen - treize - trece - twèz - dreizehn
fourteen - quatorze - catorce - katòz - vierzehn
fifteen - quizne - quince - kènz - fünfzehn
sixteen - seize - dieciséis - sèz - sechzehn
seventeen - dixsept - diecisiete - disèt - siebzehn
eighteen - dixhuit - dieciocho - dizwit - achtzehn
nineteen - dixneuf - diecinueve - diznèf - neunzehn
twenty - vingt - viente - vèn - zwanzig
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50 random words in Spanish
Surprise vocab list, why not?
el nacimiento = birth / source, origin / nativity (religious settings)
de nacimiento = from birth [e.g. sordo/a de nacimiento “deaf from birth” as opposed to deafness caused by something else]
destacar = to emphasize, to make something stand out
sombrío/a = grim, dismal, somber
el ayuntamiento = town hall (building) / local government, municipal government, city council
el comportamiento = behavior
atar = to tie
desatar = to untie
pudrir = to rot, to decompose
pudrirse = to spoil, to become rotten
abordar = to address (an issue), to tackle, to deal with
(mirar/ver) de reojo = to look sideways, to look to the side, to look (at someone/something) askance, to give someone a sideways glance, “to side-eye” or “to give someone the side-eye”
mirar/ver de reojo = “to see/watch/look at out of the corner of one’s eye”
a lo largo de = throughout, “over the course of”
la estrofa = stanza
la flecha = arrow
el alboroto = uproar, racket, noise
el edil, la edila = councilman/councilwoman, alderman, local city councilor in government
[also “edile” or “magistrate” in Ancient Rome if you’re watching/reading a historical thing]
anhelar = to yearn for, to long for
aleatorio/a = random / randomized
el lucro = profit
ánimo de lucro / fines de lucro = for profit [lit. “spirit / goals of profit”]
sin ánimo de lucro / sin fines de lucro = non-profit, not for profit
medir = to measure, to take a measurement, to take a reading (of machinery etc) / to gauge, to calculate / to consider
la etiqueta = tag, label, price tag / etiquette
el trébol = clover, shamrock / clubs (a suit in cards)
el muelle = dock, wharf, pier
los muelles = the docks
escoltar = to escourt, to guard
el/la escolta = escort, follower, companion / bodyguard, security detail, escort
el pueblo = a town
el pueblo = people, population, “citizens” or “inhabitants”
[e.g. el pueblo francés “the French people”, el pueblo mexicano “the Mexican citizens”; in some contexts it can translate as “nation” or “tribe” particularly for indigenous peoples or nomadic groups]
mayúsculo/a = upper case, capital / great, very large, important
la letra mayúscula = upper case letter, capital letter
en mayúsculas = in capital letters [sometimes used as “very important”, like un problema en mayúsculas is “a huge problem” or like “a problem with a capital P” idiomatically, but literally “a problem in capital letters”]
minúsculo/a = lower case / miniscule, tiny
la letra minúscula = lower case letters
en minúsculas = in lower case letters
el aprendizaje = learning / apprenticeship, training
la cuerda floja = tightrope
en la cuerda floja = on the tightrope [can also be understood to mean “walking a thin line” or “skating on thin ice”; meaning the situation is dangerous and “one wrong step” could be disastrous]
de bruces = “face down” / “flat”, “flat on your face”
caerse/darse de bruces = “to fall flat on one’s face”
marginado/a = marginalized
los marginados = outcasts, people who are ostracized, people who are treated badly by people/society, pariahs
el oído = inner ear / hearing, sense of hearing
[if you know Spanish anatomy words, la oreja “ear” is the outer structure or shape, and el oído “inner ear” is related to anything “hearing” related and the inner structure]
partidario/a (de alguien/hacer algo) = in support of, supporting (someone/doing something), a follower of (someone), in favor of
[ser partidario/a is often “to be a proponent of”.... but in politics or with a person it means “a (someone)-supporter”]
la zarza = bramble, briar, thornbush
el zarzal = bramble patch, patch of thorny bushes / blackberry patch
la zarzamora = blackberry bush
[lit. “dark berry thornbush”]
hacer malabares = to juggle
hacer malabares (con algo) = to juggle (something)
[could be objects could be tasks; el malabarismo is “juggling” as a noun though]
la infancia = childhood, infancy
el trastorno = disorder (in a medical sense)
a la deriva = adrift / aimless, aimlessly, without purpose
comprobar = to prove, to verify, to confirm
aislar = to isolate, to alienate, to keep separate
el paraíso = paradise / heaven
el afán = zeal, eagerness, effort
con (el) afán (de hacer algo) = “in the hopes of (doing something)”, “with the intention of (doing something)”, “with the goal of (doing something)”
la presión = pressure, strain / blood pressure
bajo presión = under pressure
ataviarse = “to be dressed up (fancy)”, “to be dressed to the nines” / “decked out”
el/la testigo = witness
agotado/a = exhausted, tired / exhausted, depleted, drained
los escombros = wreckage, rubble, debris
el casco viejo = historic center, historic district, old town
[lit. “old quarter”; generally you’re going to see el casco as “helmet” or “headphone”, but it can also mean “outer hull” of a boat, or “quarter” of a city/town]
la ilusión = illusion / happiness, excitement / “dream”, “desire” [used with tener]
el traje = a suit (like a business suit) / style of dress, regional dress, garb
renunciar = to quit, to step down, to leave
el esmero = care, effort, “time and effort”, attention
con (mucho) esmero = painstakingly, “going to great lengths”, “(taking) great pains”
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Hi, I always thought 'un viejo verde' was like a dirty old man. But I just heard 'verde' to mean a gossipy woman. Both of these were from Castillian Spanish, in Madrid. What's going on? And any idea why it's green? Thank you
un viejo verde is "a dirty old man"
However, there is an expression in Spanish poner verde which is "to criticize harshly" which is more like "to harangue"
And, ponerse verde a alguien means "to talk about someone behind their back" usually in the sense of negative gossip, so my guess is you saw it in that context. I haven't seen verde used as a "gossipy person", but ponerse verde does mean "to gossip" as its own little expression
ponerse verde as "to talk bad about people" or "to gossip about people" is pretty common
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As for the origin, I'm not sure
In English, you sometimes hear the same expression just with "blue"
As in un chiste verde is a "dirty joke" but you might hear it as "a blue joke" or "blue humor", where "blue films" used to refer to pornography or something pretty raunchy
(A much older expression in English is "to cry blue murder" which today we say "to cry bloody murder" when someone is screaming really loudly)
verde in this context tends to mean "sexual" or "raunchy" or with jokes it comes out as "off-color jokes"
My best guess is that verde tends to mean fertility, and was sometimes related to older people that were still spry
If you hear the expression viejo verde or viejo rabo verde it means "an old guy who goes after younger women". And occasionally you see la vieja verde translated as "cougar" to mean an older woman who likes younger men
[Additionally you may see a "dirty joke" as un chiste colorado which means "a red joke", where colorado/a as "colored" refers to your face becoming flushed; so this at least makes sense, it's a joke that would make people blush or turn red]
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No idea why we decided on blue or green though. My best guess is that ponerse verde a alguien "to talk badly about someone" possibly means something like "to paint someone as promiscuous" like "to act as if they are verde" which calls someone's virtue or reputation into question. But again, that's just my assumption
Again, not uncommon to use this kind of color idea in English. We also have the idea of "to paint someone" like "to paint someone as the villain" kind of has that same ponerse -ish feel to it
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There are also different instances of words related to sexual things being linked to gossip. It's unrelated to verde but I'll share just because I like this linguistic journey:
Like, la alcahueta for women was originally "a mediator" or "go-between". This is from a time period where women weren't really supposed to be meeting with men without a chaperone or making arrangements to see men. That was handled by an alcahueta of some kind. In Romeo and Juliet, the Nurse character is an alcahueta type character
However, alcahueta was also sometimes known as trotaconventos which is "trots-to-convents"... where women were sometimes put into convents to prepare them for marriage or to keep their virtue safe etc not just for women to become nuns. When women were to be kept away from the world for whatever reason they might be put into a convent. A trotaconventos was a woman who might arrange meetings between the women in convents and men because, uh, life finds a way
So! The term alcahueta which originally meant "mediator"... came to mean "female pimp". But, it also in later days came to mean "a woman who gossips a lot", probably because they go from place to place talking to people
Fun!
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There are TONS of color-related expressions in Spanish (just like in English)
As far as why verde is related to "sexual" or "raunchy", follows do you know? And have you seen verde as "gossip" outside of ponerse verde?
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