#1MonthOfLangs

[sayitaliano]

10- Vocab list: family | 1MonthOfLangs

la famiglia - family

il genitore - parent (la genitrice -> mother, feminine parent) la madre, la mamma - mother, mom il padre, il papà - father, dad  la matrigna - stepmother il patrigno - stepfather il figlio - son la figlia - daughter il figliastro - stepson la figliastra - stepdaughter il fratello - brother la sorella - sister il fratellastro - half/step-brother la sorellastra - half/step-sister il suocero - father-in-law la suocera - mother-in-law il genero - son-in-law la nuora - daughter-in-law il cognato - brother-in-law la cognata - sister-in-law il nonno - grandfather la nonna - grandmother il bisnonno, il bisavolo - great-grandfather la bisnonna, la bisavola - great-grandmother il trisnonno, il trisavolo - great-great grandfather la trisnonna, la trisavola - great-great grandmother la zia - aunt lo zio - uncle la prozia - great-aunt il prozio - great-uncle il cugino, la cugina - cousin il nipote, la nipote* - nephew / grandson, niece / granddaughter *(yes, we have the same word for both the situations)

-> famigliare, familiare adjective and noun meanings: - domestic, familial (a.) (e.g. un ambiente familiare = a familial environment) - family, good for a family (a.) (e.g. una confezione familiare = a family size pack) - familiar, well-acquainted (a.) (e.g. una faccia famigliare = a familiar face) - informal, friendly (a.) (e.g. un ristorante famigliare = an informal restaurant) - station wagon car (n.)  - relative, family member (n.) (e.g. un mio famigliare = one of my relatives)

-> familiare originates (and is used more often) from the Latin familiarem ; famigliare originates from the word “famiglia” and is considered more popular: the versions of these kinds of words (there are more that you can use in two different ways) that originate from Latin, are considered more “erudite” and are the ones that are usually preferred. Neither of them is wrong btw (so you can use famigliare as well anyway).

[it’s so sad that some of these nouns -half/step-bro/sis, step-parent, stepchild,...- have the negative acception whithin them, as in fairytales]

#it #italian #italiano #1MonthOfLangs #italian language #italian langblr #italianblr #language #langblr #parole words #vocabs #italian vocabs #vocabulary #italian vocabulary

[cuanbog]

#1monthoflangs

day two, basic sayings

thank you, tapadh leat / tapadh leibh (formal) welcome, fàilte i am sorry, tha mi duilich excuse me, gabh mo leisgeul. brilliant, sgoinneil bye, tìoraidh

#1monthoflangs #language #langblr #language learning #learning languages #studyblr blog #study notes #bilingual #multilingual #languages #scottish gaelic #gaelic #basic sayings #vocab #language blog #language vocabulary #vocabulary

[amillionlanguages]

Hey everyone! Today, I’d like to introduce y’all to the 1 Month of Languages Challenge! (aka the #1MonthOfLangs Challenge)

This can be done as a stand-alone challenge, or it can be seen as a subset of the #1YearOfLangs challenge that I created last year! You could do this challenge for each month within the year-long challenge, or you could just do one month of it, or any other possible variation of it! It’s totally up to you and definitely NOT mandatory! This is just to get you started and inspired!

The Guidelines:

Post every day with an update about how your language learning progress is going

Optional: Follow the prompt list below!

Dedicate at least 5 minutes every day of the month to learning your target language

Tag your posts with #1MonthOfLangs so I can see what you’re learning!

The Prompt List (optional):

Goals for the month

Vocab list: basic sayings

Why you chose to study your language of choice

Vocab list: greetings

Vocab list: numbers

Grammar: present tense

Vocab list: food

Write a menu

Vocab list: kitchen supplies

Vocab list: family

Grammar: sentence structure

Write 5 example sentences

Vocab list: colors

Vocab list: animals

What resources are you using to study your language of choice?

Your language learning routine

Vocab list: home

Write a few sentences about your home and family

Grammar: sentence structure of questions

Vocab list: clothing

Look up some random/interesting words

Vocab list: countries

Vocab list: places in town

Vocab list: careers

Grammar: past tense

Vocab list: emotions

Write a diary entry

Vocab list: adjectives

Tips for new (insert language of choice) learners

Recap of the month!

Good luck everyone! x

#langblr #langblog #langblur #studyblr #studyblog #studyspo #studyspiration #study #studying #studygram #1yearoflangs #1 year of langs #1monthoflangs #1 month of langs #challenge #language #languages #polyglot #bilingual #how to #advice #tips #student #self #taught #2020 #goals #ideas #college #uni

[tokidokitokyo]

One Month of Languages (6/10)

Day 6: Passive Voice & Asking Permission - Grammar

Today I’m going to do a quick grammar review. Here are three grammar forms from JLPT N3 日本語総まとめ (Nihongo So-matome).

Ｖられる

When you mention a fact without a subject, the passive form is often used.

例文１

この本には、くわしい説明は書かれていません。

このほんには、くわしいせつめいはかかれていません。

There is no detailed explanation in this book.

例文２

これは、世界で一番大きいダイヤモンドだと言われています。

これは、せかいでいちばんおおきいダイヤモンドだといわれています。

This is said to be the biggest diamond in the world.

例文3

昔は、その考えが正しいと思われていた。

むかしは、そのかんがえがただしいとおもわれていた。

In the past, that idea used to be considered correct.

(Nに)Vられる

Showing a difficult situation as a result of something.

例文１

友達の赤ちゃんを抱っこしたら、泣かれてしまった。

ともだちのあかちゃんをだっこしたら、なかられてしまった。

When I held my friend’s baby, it cried.

例文２

雨に降られて、服が濡れてしまった。

あめにふられて、ふくがぬれてしまった。

When it rained, my clothes got soaked.

例文3

父に死なれて、大学を続けれなくなりました。

ちちにしなれて、だいがくをつづけれなくなりました。

After my father died, I couldn’t continue my university education.

Ｖ(さ)せて＋

ください

もらえますか

もらえませんか

Expression used when asking for forgiveness from the other person.

例文１

ちょっと気分が悪いので、早く帰らせてください。

ちょっときぶんがわるいので、はやくかえらせてください。

Since I’m not feeling very well, could I go home early?

例文２

あなたの会社のお話を聞かせてください。

あなたのかいしゃのおはなしをきかせてください。

Please tell me about your company.

例文3

手を洗わせてください

てをあらわせてください。

Could I wash my hands?

Practice making your own sentences using these grammar forms!

#1monthoflangs #japanese #japanese langblr #langblr #studyblr #日本語 #japanese language #japanese grammar #文法 #tokidokitokyo #tdtstudy #jlpt n3

[typicallystudent]

1 polish sentence a day

day 1

Jestem dziewczyną.

#learning polish #learning languages #languages #language learning #studyblr #studying #langblr #1monthoflangs #1yearoflangs #polski

[sayitaliano]

26- Vocab list: emotions | 1MonthOfLangs

le emozioni - emotions, feelings

la gioia, la felicità, l’allegria - happiness la soddisfazione, la gratificazione - satisfaction, gratification il piacere - pleasure, joy, delight la meraviglia - delight l’esaltazione, la sovraeccitazione - excitement l’orgoglio - pride la serenità - serenity l’estasi - bliss il trionfo, l’entusiasmo - triumph, enthusiasm la passione - passion la sicurezza - safety, self-confidence, certainty il coraggio - courage la protezione - protection (feeling safe) la fiducia - trust la calma, la tranquillità, la pace, la quiete - calm, tranquility, peace, quiet la costanza, la fermezza - perseverance, tenacity, consistency la gratitudine - gratitude l’interesse - interest l’amore - love l’affetto - affection la tenerezza - sweetness la nostalgia - nostalgia, sentimentality il desiderio - desire la curiosità - curiosity la sorpresa - surprise la speranza (essere speranzos*) - hope (to be hopeful) la giustizia - justice l’infelicità, la tristezza - sadness la malinconia - melancholy la sofferenza - suffering la vergogna, il disagio, l’imbarazzo - shame, embarrassment il dispiacere, il rammarico - sorrow, regret, displeasure il dolore - pain la paura - fear il panico - panic la preoccupazione - worry, concern l’insicurezza - insecurity, uncertainty l’angoscia, lo stress - anguish, stress l’ansia - anxiety la solitudine - solitude, loneliness la disperazione - despair il tradimento - betrayal il disprezzo, il disdegno - scorn, disdain il disgusto, la ripugnanza - disgust, repugnance il terrore - terror l’odio - hate l’ira - rage l’ostilità - hostility la debolezza, la fragilità - fragility, weakness la gelosia - jealousy l’invidia - envy la malizia - malice, guile il dubbio - doubt il sospetto, la diffidenza, la sfiducia - suspicion, mistrust, diffidence la prudenza - caution, prudence il rifiuto - refusal la delusione, il disappunto- disappointment, disillusion il fallimento - failure il fastidio - annoyance, inconvenience, bother la noia - boredom, annoyance il disinteresse, l’apatia, l’indifferenza - apathy, disinterest, indifference

BONUS SONGS Un’emozione da poco | Anna Oxa Un’emozione per sempre | Eros Ramazzotti Emozioni | Lucio Battisti L’emozione non ha voce | Adriano Celentano Emozione senza fine | Gigi D’Alessio

#1MonthOfLangs #it #italian #italiano #italian language #language #langblr #italian langblr #italianblr #vocabs #vocabulary #italian vocabs #italian vocabulary #parole words #emotions #emozioni #tu chiamale se vuoi #canzoni songs #italian music #musica italiana #music #musica

[sayitaliano]

2- Vocab list: basic sayings | #1MonthOfLangs

Chi va piano va sano e va lontano -  He who goes slowly, goes healthy and far

L’amore è cieco - Love is blind

Sbagliando s'impara - You learn by making mistakes

Una mela al giorno toglie il medico di torno - An apple a day keeps the doctor away 

Come il cacio sui maccheroni - Like cacio cheese on maccheroni (=perfect!; just what the doctor ordered, at the right time)

Ride bene chi ride ultimo - He who laughs last, laughs best

Chi non risica non rosica - He who doesn’t try anything, won’t get anything (=No pain, no gain)

“In bocca al lupo!” // “Crepi/Viva (il lupo)!” - “In the mouth of the wolf” // “hope it dies/lives” There are two different replies when someone wishes you good luck with this fixed form. One of the most common was “hope it dies” as (here) the wolf used to be one of the biggest enemies of people living in villages with sheeps and other animals, as it used to kill them. So, this was used in the acception: let’s hope the enemy dies if I end up in its mouth. More recently, the second one has come to a new life: wolves are no more a danger as in the past (quite the opposite) and the image of a wolf mother carrying her puppies in her mouth with lot of care and attention to protect them, is what makes you yell: let’s hope it lives! Meaning: let’s hope the wolf can carry me and protect me from danger / in this trouble (e.g.: let’s hope the wolf can carry me through this school exam and keep me safe). But also, let’s hope all the wolves live!

More sayings and explanations in the 2nd post on @sayitalianohome ♥

#1MonthOfLangs #sayings #idiom #it #italian #italiano #italian language #language #langblr #parole words #lingua italiana #italian sayings #italian idiom #idiomatic expressions #italian idiomatic expressions #in bocca al lupo

[sayitaliano]

23- Vocab list: places in town | 1MonthOfLangs

In città - in town La piazza - square La statua - statue Il monumento - monument Il ponte - bridge Il fiume - river I battelli - boats Le strade - streets Il viale - boulevard Le case - houses I palazzi - flat buildings I punti di interesse storico/artistico - interesting places historically and artistically Il bar - bar Il ristorante - restaurant La banca - bank L’ufficio postale - post office Il parco - park Il parco giochi - playgroud La chiesa - church L’ospedale - the hospital La scuola - school L’università - university Il museo - museum Il cinema - cinema Il teatro - theater Il mercato - market Il supermercato - supermarket I negozi - shops La macelleria - butcher shop La panetteria - bakery La pasticceria - pastry shop Il negozio di giochi - games shop Il negozio di abbigliamento - clothing store Il negozio di articoli per la casa (casalinghi) - household products shop Il negozio di articoli sportivi - sport goods shop Gli uffici - offices Il Comune - the city hall Gli uffici pubblici - public offices Lo studio medico - doctor’s office

#1MonthOfLangs #it #italian #italiano #italian language #italian langblr #language #langblr #italianblr #vocabs #vocabulary #italian vocabs #italian vocabulary #what is missing?

[sayitaliano]

28- Vocab list: adjectives | 1MonthOfLangs

buono - good cattivo - bad brutto - awful, terrible, ugly bello - nice, good looking, cool divertente - funny noioso - boring gentile - kind scortese - rude italiano - Italian due - two secondo - second forte - strong debole - weak facile - easy difficile - tough alto - tall basso - short grande - big piccolo - small lungo - long corto - short ricco - rich povero - poor questo - this quello - that mio - my tuo - your suo - his/her/its nostro - our vostro -your loro - their nessun, nessuno - no, none alcun, alcuno - none ; alcuni - some, few qualche - some, few quale - which, that quanto - how much/long poco = a little ; pochi = a few molto = a lot, many troppo = too much, too many alquanto, parecchio = quite some, much, quite a lot - As for the grammatical side of this, check grammar masterpost on @sayitalianohome​ or here, aggettivi section (which I recommend to read to have a more accurate explanation of the meaningsof these -esp. of “alcuni”- and to check which of these are fixed, and much more...) - In the list I used the adjectives mostly at the masculine and singular: this because some of these adjectives have specific acceptions that change according on their singular/plural form. If I had put an * instead of the final vowel, this wouldn’t have been too clear.

#1MonthOfLangs #it #italian #italianblr #italiano #italian language #language #langblr #italian langblr #parole words #traduzioni #aggettivi adjectives

[sayitaliano]

24- Vocab list: careers | 1MonthOfLangs

la professione, la carriera - the career fare carriera - to climb the corporate ladder la carriera scolastica - the academic programme l’insegnante - the teacher  il professore (la professoressa) - the professor  l’assistente - the assistant l’artista - the artist il mago (la maga), l’illusionista - magician, illusionist il pittore (la pittrice) - the painter il poeta (la poetessa) - the poet lo scrittore (la scrittrice) - the writer il giornalista (la giornalista) - reporter il fumettista (la fumettista) - cartoonist il grafico (la grafica*) - graphic designer il fotografo (la fotografa) - the photographer il videomaker (la videomaker) - videomaker il modello (la modella) - model l’attore (l’attrice) - the actor il regista (la regista) - the director lo scenografo (la scenografa) - set designer il costumista (la costumista) - costumer il parrucchiere (la parrucchiera) - hairdresser il truccatore (la truccatrice) - make up artist lo stilista (la stilista) - stylist il segretario (la segretaria) - secretary il direttore (la direttrice) - senior manager l’agente di commercio - sales agent il venditore (la venditrice) - seller il centralinista (la centralinista) - telephone operator il dipendente (la dipendente), l’impiegato (l’impiegata) - employee l’architetto (l’architetta) - architect il geometra (la geometra) - surveyor l’ingegnere (l’ingegnera) - engineer l’idraulico (l’idraulica*) - plumber l’elettricista - electrician il medico (il dottore / la dottoressa) - doctor il dentista (la dentista) - dentist il fisioterapista (la fisioterapista) - physiotherapist il massaggiatore (la massaggiatrice) - masseur l’estetista - beautician il veterinario (la veterinaria) - vet l’allevatore (l’allevatrice) - breeder il domatore (la domatrice) - tamer il circense (la circense) - circus performer l’agricoltore (l’agricoltrice) - farmer il giardiniere (la giardiniera*) - gardener l’artigiano (l’artigiana) - artisan il restauratore (la restauratrice) - restorer il fruttivendolo (la fruttivendola) - fruitseller il panettiere (la panettiera) - baker il macellaio (la macellaia) - butcher l’orefice, il gioielliere (la gioielliera) - jeweller, jewellery maker l’ottico (l’ottica*) - optician il tappezziere (la tappezziera) - upholsterer il metalmeccanico (la metalmeccanica) - steelworker lo scienziato (la scienziata) - scientist il matematico (la matematica*) - mathematician il fisico (la fisica*) - physician il ricercatore (la ricercatrice) - researcher il viticoltore (la viticoltrice) - winemaker il cuoco (la cuoca) - cook il cameriere (la cameriera) - waiter, waitress il barista (la barista) - barman, barmaid lo scalatore (la scalatrice) - climber la guida alpina - mountain guide la guida turistica - tour guide l’infermiere (l’infermiera) - nurse l’interprete, il traduttore (la traduttrice) - interpreter il vigile urbano (la vigilessa) - traffic policeman, policewoman il vigile del fuoco (la vigilessa) - firefighter il poliziotto (la poliziotta) - policeman, policewoman il soldato (la soldatessa) - soldier il bancario (la bancaria) - banker lo sportivo professionista (la sportiva) - sportsman, sportswoman l’atleta, il ginnasta (la ginnasta) - athlete, gymnast il calciatore (la calciatrice) - soccer player il tennista (la tennista) - tennis player il cantante (la cantante) - the singer il ballerino (la ballerina) - the dancer il politico (la politica) - politician il ministro (la ministra) - minister il sindaco (la sindaca) - mayor l’assessore (l’assessora) - assessor il commercialista (la commercialista), il ragioniere (la ragioniera) - accountant il meccanico (la meccanica*) - mechanic il pilota (la pilota) - pilot l’autista - driver il web designer (la web designer) - web designer il creatore (la creatrice) di contenuti - the content creator il giocatore (la giocatrice, gamer) - the gamer l’addetto alle pulizie (l’addetta alle pulizie, la donna delle pulizie, la colf) - cleaning person/lady

-> Careers are mostly known at the masculine, especially when we talk about the profession itself on a general level (therefore I put the masculine first and the feminine between parenthesis). E.g. Luisa è stata eletta sindaco della sua città (Luisa has been elected AS mayor of her city) => the masculine is used as we’re talking about the kind of job she’s going to do. But in the recent years, we’ve been changing our vocabulary (for as weird as some careers may sound to someone’s ears - also because at the feminine, some jobs also have a different acception, see below*) and inserting feminine versions of professions once done mostly by men (and therefore known only at the masculine even for women. In the past we occasionally added a specification like “sindaco donna” or, more commonly, the name of the person, so you would know their gender - anyway, I know this is not inclusive at all and I’m sorry). Now, instead of “il sindaco Luisa”, we can say: la sindaca Luisa = mayor Luisa. Some jobs’ names are fixed, so you don’t have to worry about them.

* Some jobs at the feminine, in different context, may mean: l’idraulica = hydraulics la meccanica = mechanics; machine design l’ottica = optics; perspective (un’ottica diversa =a different viewpoint) la matematica = mathematics; math la fisica = physics la grafica =graphic design, artwork, look la giardiniera = mixed pickled vegetables; jardinière; charabanc

Bonus vocabularies: at the office| talking about careers

#1MonthOfLangs #it #italian #italiano #italian language #italian langblr #language #langblr #vocabs #vocabulary #italian vocabs #italian vocbaulary #parole words #italian isnt really a language that supports gender diversity #im sorry #this isnt made to offend anyone #it is just my language #not sure i put all the jobs btw

[sayitaliano]

4- Vocab list: greetings | 1MonthOfLangs

More in the links below.

Hello, Hi, Hey = - Ciao (to someone we know or some younger/same age people - very informal); - Salve (to someone we don’t know well/older than us - more formal) - Buongiorno or Buonasera are used as formal too or just to be funny with someone you know or when you wake up, to say hi to your parents. 

Hello? (phone) = Pronto?, Sì?

Good morning = Buongiorno (Buona giornata = Have a nice day, used throughout the day) Good afternoon = Buon pomeriggio (not very used: we tend to use buongiorno until 4/5 pm, and then start with buonasera until after dinner - or more easily, use salve/ciao the whole day - X )  Good evening = Buonasera (Buona serata = Have a nice evening, used in late afternoon/evening) Good night = Buonanotte

How are you ? = Come stai? How do you do, How are you doing, What’s up, What’s going on, How is it going, How are things ? = Com’è? (slang), Che fai?, Che combini?, Come va? How’s life? = Come va la vita? What’s new? = Novità?, Ci sono novità?

It’s nice/I’m happy to meet you = Piacere/felice di conoscerti/di fare la tua conoscenza (formal:  Piacere/felice di conoscerLA/di fare la SUA conoscenza) Good to see you (again) = È bello (ri)vederti, Sono felice di (ri)vederti (formal: rivederLA) Long time no see! = È da un po’ che non ci si vede/becca! (beccarsi* = to meet up with sb, to see sb; colloquial/slang, very informal) e.g.: Ieri ho beccato Luisa al mercato! = Yesterday I met up with Luisa at the market!

----> Some more greetings can be found here  | arrivederci VS arriverderla | Some of these + other can be found in yesterday post 

On a side note, that has nothing to do with greetings: *Beccarsi can be used also with these acceptions:

- to peck: Il passero becca le briciole = the sparrow pecks the crumbs - to bite: Un moscerino mi ha beccato = A mosquito bit me (synonym: mordere, pungere = to bite, to sting) - to catch/surprise: La polizia ha beccato il ladro mentre cercava di rubare = the police caught/surprised the thief while he was trying to rob (another slang synonym for this is: sgamare => La polizia ha sgamato il ladro...; non slang form are: prendere, cogliere...) - to bicker: Elena and Luisa si beccano in continuazione = Elena and Luisa bicker all the time (synonym: bisticciare)

#1MonthOfLangs #vocabs #italian vocabs #italian vocabulary #vocabulary #parole words #greetings #langblr #italianblr #italian langblr #language #lingua italiana #traduzioni #italian language #slang #idiom #idiomatic expression #italian idiomatic expressions #italian idiom

[sayitaliano]

9- Vocab list: kitchen supplies | 1MonthOfLangs

Updating this Kitchen vocabulary

la cucina - the kitchen

il lavello - the sink il frigorifero - the refrigerator il congelatore, il freezer - freezer il forno - the oven il (forno a) microonde - microwave la dispensa, la credenza - the pantry il piano cottura - the cooktop il piano cottura a induzione - induction cooktop la cucina a gas - gas cooker il tavolo - the table le sedie - chairs la cappa - the hood la lavastoviglie - the dishwasher  lo scolapiatti - dish rack lo scolapasta - the colander le pentole - pots il coperchio - the cover (pots)  il piatto - the plate il bicchiere - the glass le bottiglie - the bottles le posate - cutlery la forchetta - the fork il cucchiaio - the spoon il cucchiaino - the teaspoon la tazza - the cup il mestolo  - the scoop il cucchiaio di legno - wooden spoon il coltello - the knife le scorte di cibo, le provviste - (food) supplies le spezie - spices le erbe aromatiche, le erbette, gli aromi - seasonings, herbs and spices

#1MonthOfLangs #vocabs #vocabulary #italian vocabs #it #italian #italiano #italian vocabulary #italian language #italian langblr #language #langblr #italianblr #kitchen

[sayitaliano]

22-Vocab list: countries | 1MonthOfLangs

So many different countries:

la Nazione, il Paese, lo Stato - Country, Nation (geographic-political) la Regione, il Paese - country, distinctive land la Patria - homeland la madre patria, il Paese natio (read: natìo) - mother/home country il Paese d’origine - country of origin il Paese in via di sviluppo - developing country il Paese membro - member country il Paese ospitante - host country la zona remota, la zona isolata - backcountry la frontiera, il confine - border l’orizzonte - horizon attraverso la Nazione - cross country lasciare il Paese - to leave the country l’Europa - Europe l’America - America l’Asia - Asia  l’Africa - Africa l’Australia / l’Oceania - Australia/Oceania  l’Antartide - the Antarctic l’Artide - the Arctic l’Italia - Italy la Germania - Germany la Spagna - Spain la Francia - France la Gran Bretagna (l’Inghilterra) - Great Britain (England) la Russia - Russia la Norvegia - Norway la Grecia - Greece l’India - India la Cina - China il Giappone - Japan la Libia - Libya la Nigeria - Nigeria l’Egitto - Egypt il Brasile - Bazil l’Argentina - Argentina la Colombia - Colombia il Canada - Canada la Florida - Florida il Massachussetts - Massachussetts la campagna - country, countryside la cittadina di campagna, la città di provincia - country town tra i campi - cross-country le colture - cultivations coltivare - to cultivate, to farm l’orto - vegetable garden il campo - field la fattoria - farm l’agriturismo - holiday farm, agritourism la cascina - country house il frutteto - fruit garden le verdure - vegetables la frutta - fruits il grano / il frumento - wheat il riso - rice il mais / il granturco / il granoturco - corn, maize i pomodori - tomatoes le carote - carrots le zucche - pumpkins le zucchine - zucchini

la collina - hill la regione collinare - hill country la regione vinicola - wine country la pianura - land la montagna - mountain il lago - lake la regione lacustre - lake country/area

#1MonthOfLangs #it #italian #italiano #italian language #italian langblr #language #langblr #parole words #italianblr #vocabs #vocabulary #italian vocabs #italian vocabulary #just tell me if you want me to translate a specific country or similar #or if something is missing #:)

[sayitaliano]

19- Grammar: sentence structure of questions | 1MonthOfLangs

We can have both direct and indirect questions (as I don’t remember if I had made a complete post about questions, I’ll try to do it now).

DIRECT QUESTIONS

-> Used to ask questions, informations, doubts..., these kind of sentences have a question mark at the end, and who asks these things, marks that with a proper intonation.  E.g. Ti piace la pasta? = Do you like pasta? 

-> They can also be introduced by adjectives, pronouns, adverbs called “interrogativi” (interrogative): E.g. Chi c’è? = Who's there? (chi=> fixed; always used for person or animals) Quale film ti piace di più? = Which film you like the most? (quale -sing.-, quali -plu.- => used for people and things. In front of “è” and “era” turns into “qual”, no apostrophe needed. While you have to use it for quanto and quando) Cosa vuoi? = What do you want?  (che/che cosa/cosa=> fixed;used just for things/inanimate stuff) Quanto costa? = How much? (quanto -m.,sing-, quanta -f.,sing.-, quanti -m.,plu.-, quante -f.,plu.- => used both for people and things) Dove sei? = Where are you? Come stai? = How are you? Quando parti? = When are you leaving? Perché non mi parli? = Why don’t you talk to me? (dove, come, quando, perché=> all fixed.)

-> There are as many types of questions according on the number of objects questions can have. 1) Totals (the question is about the whole sentence): e.g. Vieni al mare? = Do you want to come to the sea? You can answer with the adverbs yes or no.

2) Partials (the question is about just one part of the sentence: subject object and their adjectves, pronouns, adverbs) e.g. Cosa dice? = What is s/he saying?

3) Disjunctives (when you have an option) e.g. Sei di Roma o di Milano? = Are you from Rome or Milan?

According on the type of question, we have real questions and rhetorical questions. 4) Real questions: about something we really don’t know. e.g. Dov’è andato Luigi?= Where did Luigi go?

5) Rhetorical questions: used to stress a fact asking for a confirmation from the person we’re talking to. These questions can be used with other elements like: è vero (is it true), non è vero (isn’t it true), vero (true), nevvero (don’t you say), forse (maybe), forse che (maybe it’s), forse che non (maybe it’s not), eh (uh) e.g. Ti senti in colpa, eh? = Are you feeling guilty, uh?

These rhetorical questions can be divided into: -didactic (we ask a question ourselves before answering, to make the speech more entertaining) e.g. Cos’è una biro? Qualcosa con cui si scrive = What’s a pen? Something we use to write -narrative (again the question is used to liven up the narration. the answer follows) e.g. E a quel punto cosa fa Gigi? Mi salta in braccio! = And you know what Gigi does then? He jumps in my arms! -diffracted (if the question has another function, usually a nice request) e.g. Mi daresti quel libro? = Could you give me that book? -of courtesy (if the question is used just to start a dialogue) e.g. Come va? = How are you?

-> Verbal moods: -indicative (more often) e.g. Cosa farò? = What willI do? -conditional*, subjunctive or infinitive (occasionally, to express a doubt, an hesitation) e.g. Cosa vorresti fare? = What would you like to do? Se fosse vero? = (What) If it was true? Che fare? = What to do? *conditional is also used for interrogative questions that are part of an “if sentence” or in interrogative sentences diffracted (nice requests). e.g.  Se tu avessi ragione, cosa succederebbe? = If you were right, what would happen? Mi passeresti la penna? = Could you pass me the pen?

->the verb can be left implied when you want to invite the other person to reply you. e.g. Allora? = So? E tua zia? = And your aunt? (how is she?/to ask infos if you know she had a problem or just because you know her....)

-> Where to put the subject -If the sentence is introduced by an element (adj., adv., pron.) the subject must be put after the verb: e.g. Quando arriverà Giulio? = When will Giulio arrive? - If you want to give importance to the subject anyway, put it at the beginning of the question. You can put the comma between subject and verb ONLY in this case. e.g. Giulio, quando arriverà? = When will Giulio arrive?  -In all the other situations, you can find the subject coming after the verb only when you also have other grammatical elements (dir./indir. objects and such)  e.g. Verrà con noi Giulio? = Is Giulio coming with us?  - If not, the question sounds REALLY TOO formal, like in weddings:  e.g. Vuoi tu prendere come tuo sposo... = Would you like to take as your husband...

INDIRECT QUESTIONS

-> These are subordinate clauses that express a question, a doubt or something similar that is already in the main clause’s verb (e.g. domandare =to demand, chiedere =to ask, pensare =to think, credere =to believe, sapere =to know) or noun (e.g. domanda =question, dubbio =doubt, problema =problem) or adjective (e.g. curioso =curious, dubbioso =doubtful, pensoso =thoughtful). 

-> These can be introduced by conjunctions (se =if, come =like,as, perché =because, quando =when, quanto =how/much/long...) or interrogative adjectives/pronouns (chi =who, che cosa =what, cosa =what, quale =which, quanto =how/much/long...) e.g.  Non so se restare o andare via = I don’t know if to stay or to go away  Mi chiedo come stia Luca = I ask myself /I’m curious to know how is Luca doing

-> There are explicits and implicits indirect questions  1) Explicits (have the verb at the indicative, subjunctive or conditional mood) e.g.  Gli chiesi come stava = I asked him how he was doing Si chiedeva cosa sarebbe successo se non avesse detto la verità = S/He was asking her/himself what would have happened if s/he hasn’t said the truth 2) Implicits (have the verb at the infinitive)  e.g. Mi domando cosa fare = I ask myself what to do (what should I do)

-> Differently from the DIRECT QUESTIONS, the subject doesn’t have to be put after the verb in any case (but you can choose to: it’s not mandatory). e.g.  Cosa prepara Maria? -> direct Mi chiedo cosa prepari Maria / cosa Maria prepari -> indirect

-> Occasionally (also to avoid repetitions) you can leave the whole indirect question implied and leave just the grammatical element that introduces it. e.g.  Lo fece senza capire (il) perché. = s/he did it without knowing why (Lo fece senza capire perché lo facesse -> s/he did it without knowing why s/he was doing that)

-> Worth to keep into consideration, but not always true: It might happen that indicative mood and subjunctive mood don’t follow the “common” rules of use (indicative = mood of reality/objectivity; subjunctive = mood of subjectivity), but they can be used according to the different tone of the writing (e.g. indicative mood for more informal writings; subjunctive mood for more formal ones). Also, the subjunctive is more used if the verb of the main clause is negative.

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[sayitaliano]

25- Grammar: past tense | 1MonthOfLangs

Let’s see a few past tense (indicative mood especially). For more accurate posts about past tenses, comparisons and specific uses, and other moods’ past tenses, check the grammar masterpost (verbi section) among the tagged posts (top bar in our homepage) or on @sayitalianohome.

I’ll try to make a short recap here btw.

INDICATIVE MOOD

PASSATO PROSSIMO To talk about something that has happened not too far in the past. Recent events. Or something that happened in the past but still has consequences in the present (or maybe a memory you still feel close to). (In the Northern area of Italy, is quite common to use this tense also for things that happened in the past. This, because our dialects have a huge influence on how we speak Italian, even making us use some verbs in a wrong way.) e.g. Mi sono divertita molto alla festa di ieri sera = I had a lot of fun at yeasterday’s evening party Volevo andare al mare, ma poi ho cambiato idea. = I wanted to go to the sea but then I changed my mind.

IMPERFETTO We use it to talk about habits we had in the past (1), or to make description of something/events in the past(2), or to talk about events happening in the past but that got interrupted by other events (often at the passato prossimo) (3). It is also used to for different events all happening at the same time in the past (4). e.g. (1) Da piccola mi piaceva ballare = When I was little I used to like dancing (2) La festa era in un locale in cui c’erano molte persone e tutti vestivano di blu = The party was in a place where there were many people and all were dressed in blue. (3) Mentre camminavo, sono inciampata = While I was walking, I stumbled (4) Io parlavo e tutti erano attenti = I was talking and everyone was paying attention

TRAPASSATO PROSSIMO Used to talk about an event that happened in the past and before another event. Used with passato remoto, passato prossimo and imperfetto. e.g. Lucia mi ha telefonato mentre ero impegnata = Lucia called me while I was busy (I was busy then she called)

PASSATO REMOTO Differently from passato prossimo, the event you’re talking about has happened in the past, and it has ended (also in your mind: you feel distant from it).  It is a pretty irregular verb, so it’s better to study it accurately. You’ll find it is more common in narrative, but that’s true only according on what I wrote about the use of passato prossimo and Northern Italy. Passato remoto is a living tense, so it’s good to use it (despite it is hard, to my Northern ears too). e.g. Da piccola andai in Inghilterra e vi restai per una settimana = When I was little I went to England and stayed there for a week

TRAPASSATO REMOTO Used for events that happened even before other events (all in the past): generally, in a sentence or text, you have the passato remoto and the trapassato remoto (for older facts). e.g. Non appena ebbe finito il progetto, lo consegnò al suo capo. = as soon as s/he ended the project, s/he gave it to his/her boss (you first end a project then give it to your boss)

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[sayitaliano]

20- Vocab list: clothing | 1MonthOfLangs

clothing - i vestiti, il vestiario, l’abbigliamento fashion - la moda skirt - la gonna trousers - i pantaloni jumper, pullover - il maglione, il pullover sweatshirt, hoodie - la felpa shorts - i calzoncini corti, gli shorts coat - il cappotto socks - le calze, i calzini stockings - le calze (da donna), i collant shoes - le scarpe T-shirt - la maglietta, la t-shirt shirt - la camicia pajamas - il pigiama to be fashionable, trendy - essere alla moda

Old clothing and accessories vocabularies: Clothing (longer post) Accessories

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