Species: South American Canids (Speothos, Chrysocyon, Lycalopex, Cerdocyon, Atelocynus)
This series focuses on helping people choose interesting species for their fursona through informing them of the many, often overlooked, species out there! This post is about South American canids, including false foxes.
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Bush Dog (Speothos venaticus)
The bush dog has 3 subspecies:
South American Bush Dog (Speothos venaticus venaticus)
Panamian Bush Dog (Speothos venaticus panamensis)
Southern Bush Dog (Speothos venaticus wingei)
It is oddly hard to find pics of the different subspecies, sorry
Size: 20-30cm (8-12in) height (at shoulder), 57-75cm (22-30in) lenght, 12-15cm (5-6in) tail lenght, 5-8kg (11-18lbs) weight
Diet: carnivorous, preys on large rodents
Habitat: lowland forests, wet savannahs, open pastures
Range:
Status: near threatened
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Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
Size: 90cm (35in) height (at shoulder), 100cm (39in) lenght, 45cm (18in) tail lenght, 23kg (51lbs) weight
Diet: omnivorous, preys on small/medium mammals, birds, fish; eats fruit, tubers, sugarcane, other plants
Habitat: savannahs
Range:
Status: near threatened
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Hoary Fox (Lycalopex vetulus)
Size: 58-72cm (23-28in) lenght, 25-36cm (9-14in) tail lenght, 3-4kg (6-8lbs) weight
Diet: omnivorous, preys on invertebrates, rodents, birds; eats fruit
Habitat: woodlands, bushlands, savannahs
Range:
Status: near threatened
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Sechuran Fox (Lycalopex sechurae)
Size: 50-78cm (20-31in) lenght, 27-34cm (11-13in) tail lenght, 2.6-4.2kg (5.7-9.3lbs) weight
Diet: omnivorous, varied. Preys on invertebrates, rodents; eats carrion, fruit, seed pods
Habitat: deserts, dry forests, beaches
Range:
Status: near threatened
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Darwin's Fox (Lycalopex fulvipes)
Size: 48-59cm (19-23in) lenght, 17-25cm (7-10in) tail lenght, 1.8-3.9kg (4-8.7lbs) weight
Diet: omnivorous, preys on invertebrates, small mammals, reptiles; eats fruit
Habitat: southern temperate rainforests
Range:
Status: endangered
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Pampas Fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus)
Size: 51-80cm (20-31in) lenght, 2.4-8kg (5.3-17.6lbs) weight
Diet: omnivorous, preys on birds, small mammals, invertebrates; eats carrion, fruit
Habitat: montane forests, dry scrublands, wetlands
Range:
Status: least concern
Please note! The pampas fox has 3 subspecies!
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South American Grey Fox (Lycalopex griseus)
Size: 65-110cm (26-43in) lenght including 20-43cm (8-17in) tail lenght, 2.5-5.4kg (5.5-12lbs) weight
Diet: omnivorous, preys on small mammals, birds, reptiles, invertebrates; eats carrion, fruit
Habitat: varied; scrublands, steppes, forests
Range:
Status: least concern
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Culpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus)
Size: 95-132cm (37-52in) lenght including 32-44cm (13-17in) tail lenght, 5-13.5kg (11-30lbs) weight
Diet: carnivorous, preys on lagomorphs, small mammals
Habitat: varied; temperate rainforests, forests, scrublands, deserts
Range:
Status: least concern
Please note! The culpeo has 5 subspecies!
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Crab-Eating Fox (Cerdocyon thous)
Size: 64cm (25in) lenght, 28cm (11in) tail lenght, 4.5-7.7kg (10-17lbs) weight
Diet: omnivorous, preys on crabs, small mammals, birds, crustaceans, invertebrates, reptiles; eats carrion, fruit
Habitat: savannahs, woodlands, subtropical forests, shrublands
Range:
Status: least concern
Please note! The crab-eating fox has 5 subspecies!
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Short-Eared Dog (Atelocynus microtis)
Size: 72-100cm (28-39in) lenght, 9-10kg (19-22lbs) weight
Diet: mostly carnivorous, preys on fish, invertebrates, small mammals, birds; eats fruit
Habitat: rainforests, lowland forests, swamp forests, cloud forests
Range:
Status: near threatened
Please note! The short-eared dog has 2 subspecies!
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Lycalopex fulvipes
Charles Darwin found these foxes on the voyage of the Beagle, so they were named after him. Their native name is zorro chilote.
They are described as charismatic and bold around people. After meeting one of them on Chiloé island in 1834, Darwin described them as “more curious or more scientific, but less wise, than the generality of his brethren”. In other words, Darwin’s foxes are very curious and observant, but not as wise as other fox species.
Darwin’s foxes are not actually foxes. True foxes belong to the vulpes genus, and these foxes belong to the lycalopex genus. They share this genus with the Sechuran fox, the hoary fox, the pampas fox, the culpeo, and the chilla. It was believed for a long time that the Darwin’s fox was a subspecies of the chilla, but they are now classified as a different species.
While most South American fox species prefer open grassland or scrub areas, Darwin’s foxes prefer dense forests. They are endemic to Chile, meaning they are only found there, with most individuals found on Chiloé island and in the Valdivian Coastal Range.
In these forests, Darwin’s foxes hunt for small animals like rodents and lizards along with fruit, eggs, beetles, and carrion. They are not strictly nocturnal, diurnal, or crepuscular, so they just hunt when they want to.
Like almost all other fox species, Darwin’s foxes prefer to live alone, only living in pairs during the breeding season and when they have kits.
Due to habitat loss, feral dogs, and being hunted for their fur, Darwin’s foxes are highly endangered with less than 1,000 individuals left. Conservation efforts have grown their population by small amounts but they are still in danger of extinction.
I rate this very curious fox 18/10. They may be “less wise” than other foxes but their charisma makes up for that
Photo Credits:
(1) Jono Dashper (2) Unknown (3) Maxime Legare-Vezina (4) Kevin Schafer
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