#bronze era

[indo-europeans]

The Hittite Plague is described as the first known record of biological warfare, dating back ~3500 years.

Before and during World War II, it was developed as one of seven standardized biological weapons by Americans in cooperation with Germans. 

The US biological warfare program supposedly “ended” barely fifty years ago: 1969. But in actuality, the program continued, just under more obscure names like “Project 112″

#war #white people #wypipo #indo europeans #wwii #ww ii #world war two #world war 2 #germans #nazis #americans #white supremacists #hittites #khatti #kshatriya #biological warfare #covid #covid 19 #plague #bronze era #bronze civlization #prehistory #tularemia #smallpox #weapons #history #white culture

[scurviesdisneyblog]

𝙳𝚒𝚜𝚗𝚎𝚢 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚌𝚎𝚙𝚝 𝚊𝚛𝚝Ｉᴛʜᴇ ʙʀᴏɴᴢᴇ [ᴅᴀʀᴋ] ᴀɢᴇ (1970 - 1988)

#there are many opinions about wether these are two eras but i think it's one that got gradually worse #disney eras #disney #The Bronze Age #The Dark Age #disney concept art #animation art #art #artwork #illustration #mine #disneyedit #visual development #the aristocats #robin hood #the many adventures of winnie the pooh #the rescuers #the fox and the hound #the black cauldron #the great mouse detective #oliver and company #it's not that dark tbh

[retrodisneydaily]

do you love the colours of fall?

(requested by anonymous)

#the fox and the hound #the adventures of ichabod and mr. toad #disneyedit #fantasia #melody time #the many adventures of winnie the pooh #bambi #filmedit #filmtvcentral #animationedit #classicfilmsource #* #gifs #film #animation #golden age #wartime era #bronze age #kenn

[disney-is-mylife]

I'm ONLY counting the films from the Walt Disney Animation Studios line-up between 1967 (after The Jungle Book) and 1989 (before The Little Mermaid). There's some debate on what this era of Disney animation is called, so I went with both titles I tend to hear a lot. I feel like this poll requires a fairly niche audience since a lot of these are (sadly) forgotten.

#Starling polls #Disney Film Era Polls #Disney #Disney Bronze Age #The Aristocats #Robin Hood #The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh #The Rescuers #The Fox and the Hound #The Black Cauldron #The Great Mouse Detective #Oliver and Company #original post #1k+ votes #100 notes #500 notes #1k notes

[titsthedamnseason]

eras tour lookbook: my favorites edition

#taylor swift #tswiftedit #candy swift #my edit #eras tour #CAN I GET SOME COMMOTION FOR THE MOST UNDERRATED LOVER BODYSUIT. AND THE YELLOE DRESS #AND UNPOPULAR OPINION THE GREEN FOLKLORE DRESS WILL NEVER BE THE WHITE FOLKLORE DRESS #mine #this has been in my drafts since JULY 😭😭😭😭 #because originally i had the black and gold the man jacket here but that was soooo hard to make a usuable gif of #and then once i finally was happy with how it came out taylor debuted the midnights bodysuit with the cutouts and i was like oh crap #that was also somewhat hard to make a cohesive gif of but i persevered #i just have to say though that IVE BEEN THE NUMBER ONE YELLOW DRESS FAN SINCE SHE FIRST WORE IT OKAY #there’s so much lore associated with it now but it’s been my darling all along #also my unpopular opinion is preferring the empire waist bronze dress but that was just impossible to find good footage of tbh #also my original efforts at this gifset were all for naught regardless bc i’ve changed my mind and like the silver jacket better now #this also all preceded the debut of the pink bodysuit and jacket but idt they would have made it on here anyway

[avelera]

thesis about the sea peoples you say? may i request an infodump about the sea peoples?

Heya!

So, basically in college (undergraduate) I got really obsessed with the questions around the Collapse of the Aegean Bronze Age, mostly because I wanted to set my big Magnum Opus historical fiction novel in that time, and the deeper I dug into the rabbit hole the more it appeared that no one, absolutely no one, actually knows why the civilizations around the Mediterranean all fell from a state of pretty sophisticated internationally-trading civilizations to literal Dark Ages (all except for Egypt which was substantially weakened and never really recovered), all at once around 1200-1100 BCE.

The Sea Peoples are the names of the only contemporary (Egyptian) account we have that names who might have been responsible if this collapse was due to an invasion. It's a popular theory because a viking-style invasion is a much sexier reason for a civilization to collapse so we all gather around it like moths to flame. But the thing is, there's a lot of contradictory evidence for and against and shading that hypothesis.

Suffice to say, literally no actually knows what happened and almost every answer comes up, "Some combination of these things, probably?"

But what makes the Collapse even more interesting from a modern perspective is that if there was a historical Trojan War (and I think there was) as fictionalized in the Iliad and the Odyssey (and Song of Achilles, for the Tumbrlistas), then it would have taken place within a generation of the entire civilization that launched the Trojan War crumbling to dust.

So like, if you're Telemachus, your dad Odysseus fights in the Trojan War, some even manage to get home, and then like... everything goes to shit. Catastrophically. And doesn't recover for 400 years.

Seriously, they lost the written word, like how to actually write things down and read them and it took 400 years to get it back. That's how fucked shit got during the Collapse of the Bronze Age.

So my thesis was asking: what if these two things were related? What if the Trojan War either led to the Collapse or it was part of the Collapse or it was a result of the Collapse? Because the timeline is so unknown and muddled that it really could be any of those and again, that's if the Trojan War isn't entirely fictional (which I don't think it is, but many academics disagree, it used to be a whole thing up until Schliemann dug it up, and many doubted it was ever a historical event even after that.)

Ok, so at the risk of writing 75 pages on this again, let me just say:

My conclusion (more of a hypothesis proposal ultimately since there are so many gaps in our knowledge) was that the Trojan War took place before the Collapse of the Bronze Age. But, it might have been launched in response to a wider breakdown in trades routes and resources, causing the Greeks to launch the campaign basically as a bid to replenish their own coffers because they were getting squeezed by what they didn't know was the first rumblings of a global domino effect.

Therefore, since taking out Troy didn't solve those larger trends and forces, they all went home and then got slammed by the REAL problem, which was all the people who had been displaced from further away by this rolling drought or invasion or whatever that was disrupting these delicate international trade routes.

But the Greeks might have been part of the Sea Peoples too! Our only record of the Sea Peoples is from the Egyptians in a highly propagandistic text which makes them sound like this big fearsome foe but that might have been because saying, "We slaughtered a bunch of desperate refugees at our border who were looking for shelter," didn't sound as cool. If the Greeks (or Achaeans or Ahhiyawa) got swept up in this slow-rolling collapse/displacement of people, then they absolutely could have been among those refugees who crashed against the shores of Egypt.

A lot of my evidence was based on looking at how Troy was sacked (it was stripped literally down the nails and there was a lot of evidence of a long-term siege, like what we read about in the Iliad) vs. how Mycenae (Agamemnon's city) or Pylos (King Nestor's city) was sacked, where they were burned and stuff was stolen but they weren't stripped, it looks more like a standard looting hit-and-run type thing. Which led me to believe that it was different turmoil that rocked Mycenae and Pylos than what led to the sacking of Troy, despite the fact these things happened within about 20 years of each other. (Helen being a made-up reason for a resource-driven war would only be the oldest trick in the book, as far as propaganda goes, after all.)

But really, the craziest detail I'll leave you with is: we just don't know! And then it gets weirder. Because the Hittites fell at the same time so the Hittites scholars say, "Nah, the Sea Peoples weren't Hittites, they were probably Greeks." And the GREEK scholars say, "It wasn't us, it was probably the Hittites or someone else. " and the EGYPTIAN scholars say, "Yeah it was someone north of Egypt, maybe the Hittites or the Greeks." and the LEVANT scholars say, "It wasn't from the Levant, we know what was going on there, it has to be from somewhere else."

Literally every single possible source of the Sea Peoples has the scholars who specialize in that location saying it's not them and it must be the guy next door.

It's maddening!

And then there's a big ol' gap around Bulgaria and the Black Sea because, oh yeah, the Soviet Union forbade archaeology in those areas to quash any local pride so those places that were behind the Iron Curtain are decades behind on scholarship that would allow them to say, "Oh hey, it was actually us! Yeah, the invaders came from Bulgaria and got pushed down by a famine." or something to that effect.

We also have some histories from the time saying that the Sons of Heracles returned not long after the Trojan War to lay Greece to waste! And it's really evocative and sounds like it fits what we've got of all these burned cities that happened right after Troy fell! Except that's in doubt now too!

The latest theory is that it was climate change that led to a massive drought. You can read about it in the latest and most popular book on the subject, 1177 BCE which I highly recommend because if it had existed when I wrote my thesis, I wouldn't have had to write it.

But I disagree with the conclusion! Or rather, I'm skeptical. Because very decade, the problems of the day have been hypothesized as being the cause of the Collapse. Like, in the 60s, there was a theory that maybe it was internal strife around a labor strike, like the French Revolution. And y'know when there's a world war, they think it's an invasion. And there was a theory that it was 'cuz of an earthquake (I think that one is nonsense, Mediterranean civilizations famously bounce back quickly from earthquakes.) And now that climate change is on our mind, I'm a little weary to see that it's the new theory because it feels way too much like we're just projecting our problems onto this giant question mark.

Was climate an aspect! I think so! I think it might have contributed to the break down in trade routes that made everyone in the Mediterranean really stressed out and hostile and warlike and led to a lot of displacement. I'm not sure if it's the only reason though and I think the book just kinda reiterates everyone else saying, "I think it was this but in the end, we just don't know, and it was probably a lot of things." which we've known for ages so it's just repeating all the same conclusions. *sigh*

... Like I said, I wrote my thesis on this so yeah, I could go on for a while lol.

#ancient history #bronze age #collapse of the bronze age #sea peoples #lots of generalizations here for brevity so don't jump down my throat if you are also familiar with this era plz

[tswiftupdatess]

Tonight's evermore dress!

#taylor swift #evermore #the eras tour #tokyo #night 2 #february 8 #taylorswift #tokyotstheerastour #the eras tour tokyo #swifties #taylor's version #bronze dress

[alibonbonn]

Oo I really like Achilles’s angy face here

#dying at all the bronze I have to paint #maybe this will be my metallic glow up era I am manifesting #wip #achilles #alidraws

[empirearchives]

An Empire gilt-bronze-mounted mahogany, ebonised and giltwood daybed, possibly by F.-H.-G. Jacob-Desmalter, French

ca. Early 19th century, Napoleonic era

Source: Sotheby’s

#empire #furniture #empire style #interior #interiors #interior design #napoleonic #napoleonic era #furnishings #sofa #daybed #bronze #French #France #early 19th century #1800s #first French empire #French empire #textiles #fabric #silk #pretty #19th century

[specialagentartemis]

The Trojan War marks the end of the Age of Heroes.

Hercules, Theseus, Jason, Perseus, Atalanta, the great demigods and heroes of legend, they are all interpreted as being in the generations before the heroes of the Trojan War. Jason and his Argonauts sailed with Achilles’s father. Nestor was a lover of Hecules’s in his youth, but by the time of the Trojan War, he is an old man. A different tradition has Hercules’s great-granddaughter marrying Achilles’s son. And Perseus was Hercules’s ancestor, a hero of the era even before. The leader of the Cretan contingent of the Trojan War was the grandson of Minos, of Theseus and the Minotaur fame. Odysseus sees great heroes and their wives and children in the Underworld. The generations before the war are full of these great mythic deeds.

But there are almost no stories of great deeds and godly heroes after the Trajan War, no descendants of the Greek kings doing great things. The children of the heroes of the Iliad were popular topics of plays in the Classical world, but the stories emphasize the personal dramas rather than the great and mythic. And their children pass into “history,” becoming claimed historical, normal ancestors of the Classical world.

The war destroyed Troy, but it also brought to an end the great heroic age of the Greeks. It was the beginning of the end for everyone.

#tagamemnon #think of the argument that the Trojan War is an encoded cultural memory of the Bronze Age Collapse #I haven’t read enough on that topic to say. But it sure does seem to mark the end of an era.

[blueiskewl]

2,200-Year-Old Bronze Artifacts Uearthed in China

While exploring an ancient site in China, a team of archaeologists recently stumbled upon an abundant trove of ancient bronze objects dating back at least 2,200 years. Among their finds were plates, tripods, decorative ornaments — and a collection of swords.

Experts were exploring one of three sprawling sites in Shaoxing, officials from the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology said, according to a Feb. 7 post from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The three sites are known as Tingshan, Nanshantou and Nanshan.

The sites — and the ruins and artifacts found during excavations — date to China’s Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States era, which lasted from 770 B.C. until about 221 B.C.

Archaeologists also found the ruins of a large building and other ancient remains while exploring the three sites. Here’s what they discovered.

SWORDS AND OTHER BRONZE ARTIFACTS

The seven swords and bronze artifacts were unearthed at the Nanshan site, officials said.

Of the seven swords, only three were completely preserved. Two fragments from the weapons had characters engraved on them, according to archaeologists.

Experts also found pottery, porcelain, metalware, bamboo, wood artifacts, and plant and animal remains.

Among the animal remains, they found evidence of cattle, pigs, deer, fish and rare horses. There were also leftover grains and the remains of vegetables and fruits.

A LARGE CEREMONIAL BUILDING

At the Tingshan site, archaeologists found the ruins of what they believe was once a large ceremonial public building.

Experts unearthed part of the building’s foundation: an east-west wall spanning about 180 feet long and a north-south wall spanning about 30 feet wide.

Whoever built the ancient structure likely dug the foundation’s trench and then placed a ground beam with attached columns into the trench, according to officials.

Archaeologists unearthed the building’s intricate column network, including exquisitely decorated and painted pillars.

AN ANCIENT WHARF AND SACRIFICIAL PIT

In another area of the Tingshan site, experts identified the ruins of an ancient wharf, known as the Linshui Wharf.

Archaeologists discovered three organized rows of wooden stakes left from the ancient dock-like structure.

They also found the remains of a sacrificial pit — still filled with offerings.

The pit held artifacts, including charcoal and food, according to officials.

Shaoxing is in the Zhejiang province in eastern China.

By MOIRA RITTER.

#2200-Year-Old Bronze Artifacts Uearthed in China #Shaoxing #Tingshan Nanshantou and Nanshan #Warring States era #Spring and Autumn Period #bronze #ancient artifacts #archeology #archeolgst #history #history news #ancient history #ancient culture #ancient civilizations #ancient china #chinese history #chinese art

[indo-europeans]

Anitta text, 17th century BCE

is the oldest known text in Hittite, as well as an indo european language altogether. Anitta’s father Pithana conquered the city of Kanesh or Nesha and Anitta eventually conquered Hattusa

The Bronze Age civilizations “mysteriously” declined within a few centuries 

#hittite #hattic #hattusa #kanesh #nesha #aryan #vedic #sanskrit #indo european #anatolia #turkey #syria #history #prehistory #bronze era

[theancientwayoflife]

~ Dragon Head.

Place of origin: Japan

Period: Heian period (794-1185)

Date: A.D. 12th century

Metal: Bronze

#history #museum #archeology #archaeology #12th century #asia #asian #asian arts #japan #japanese #dragon #dragon head #heian era #heian period #bronze

[yebreed]

Warring States Period Alien Dui

This massive art piece, with a total weight of over 4.5 kg, is assembled of two tightly fitted hemispheres. Each of the hemispheres of this dui (敦) is equipped with a pair of ears and three legs, and can be used as a standalone utensil.

The top of the cover and the bottom of the vessel are decorated with fire patterns. The rest of its body is covered in cloud mosaics, made of red copper wire and fine silver.

Despite the alien appearance, it’s just a banal pot.) Attachment to this grotesque shape dates back to the Zhou Dynasty.

Hubei Provincial Museum (湖北省博物馆).

Photo: ©路客看见

#ancient china #chinese art #chinese culture #vessel #bronze vessel #jar #warring states era #warring states period #bronze design #bronze art #bronze #surrealistic #surrealist art #cooker

[sisaloofafump]

There's this misconception that Golden and especially Silver Age comics were particularly sexist. In reality, when looking at the treatment of Lois Lane, it's the Bronze Age and the introduction of second wave feminism that is actually so much worse.

For context, in the Golden Age, Lois is an independent and fiercely capable reporter. She has massive amounts of agency and often solved and leads investigations on her own. She gets rescued a lot, yes, but she is kidnapped due to her own actions, not Superman's. In the Silver Age, adherence to the comics code (and shifting public preference towards romance comics) made her character's main goals include marrying Superman. One may think this would lead to abhorrently sexist writing but it didn't. Instead, it used these constraints to make her one of the most ethically complex and defined characters, written by authors who love her, and taking her previous iteration's strengths and fleshing them out into a fully three-dimensional character. In addition, she may be less fierce, but she is one of, if not the most active member of Superman comics. She is uniquely a problem solver, problem starter, and investigator, acting in every position of case rather than just reacting to someone else's actions.

Then along comes the Bronze Age. Initially it looks like she is improving even further—she learns to fight, she regains independence from Superman, she lessens her need for marriage. But those changes don't last long.

Lois is flattened until she looses all personality and competency. Every story ends with her saved by Superman. Lois and the Black characters have the occasional quip about "Woman power!", all of which is made to be mocked by the audience and by Superman. Suddenly Clark (with and without cape) is telling her not to do things because she is a woman. Suddenly the things she easily could have done in the past, she can't anymore. It's not just how horrifyingly they treat Lois, it's how they make other characters sexist to balance her "feminism" out.

The Lois Lane comics go through several management shifts and by the 70s they are edited by a woman, who doesn't get to write the responses to the fan letters, and instead they institute the most comically sexist columnist I have ever read. It is so bad that I genuinely thought it was a joke. Even in the regular letter sections, the editors have clear contempt for Lois, a stark contrast to the love that was so apparent in the Silver Age.

The Lois series ends and she is booted to Superman Family, where she is treated far from good but at least she is her own character. In mainstream Superman, she is reduced to a background love interest with no capabilities, personality, or interests. Even in romance she is treated horribly by Superman and Clark. They keep saying that he loves her, but despite being more official than ever, it sure doesn't show.

Here are some panels for your perusal:

And of course, the mystery columnist:

Compare that with this editor's response from the Silver Age. See how much love they had for her and all her flaws. How much effort they put into making her a well rounded character. This is what we lost.

#this is just the absolute tip of the iceberg #I could go on about this for hours #they made some good changes #but oh god #I can barely read stuff from that era #dc comics #superman #clark kent #lois lane #Bronze Age comics #my rambles

[darkacademiaarchivist]

okay I can't be the only one who looked at this dress and thought "folklore / evermore dress"

star trek tos s3ep8 For the World Is Hollow and I Have Touched the Sky (what a title. 10/10 episode no notes)

#it just has the ✨vibe✨ of the green folklore dress mixed with the bronze (?) evermore dress #it's so shiny i want it #the costume department slayed with this one #star trek #star trek the original series #star trek tos #for the world is hollow and i have touched the sky #taylor swift #the eras tour #my post