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davidstortebeker · 2 years

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The Power of Convection

Heat rises, and nature avoids a vacuum. These two simple premises can open up a wide plethora of useful applications, if we know how to use them. In today’s post I’d like illustrate this passive, but highly efficient method, which in my opinion is extremely underutilized, for our otherwise technologically advanced culture. I’m not even sure why that is. It could be that convection is too simple, too passive, making inventors and innovators feel useless. Whatever the case, some people have learned to use convection for their benefits, with some amazing results.

The Kelly Kettle, a Rocket Water Kettle

Probably the simplest way to illustrate convection in practice, is the Kelly Kettle. Invented by ingenious Irish solders in WWI, this rocket water heater consists of a base for lighting a small fire, and a vertical tube placed over it. Around the tube is the container for about one liter of water. Acting as a chimney, the vertical tube maximizes the flow of hot air upwards, while giving a good strong draw to the fire through the hole on the side of the base. As a result the fire burns fast and hot, using up all the fuel very efficiently, so even thin pieces of wood, or even straw, will be sufficient to heat the water inside the kettle. When feeding our caffeine addictions in the morning, we used to heat water in two kettles at the same time: one liter in the Kelly Kettle, and one liter in a conventional stove-top kettle on a gas flame. Though close in time, the Kelly Kettle had the water boiling before the kettle on the gas stove started whistling.

Taking It a Step Further – The Chilean Oven and the Lorena Stove

Since convection works so beautifully for a liter of water, why not apply the same principle to stoves and ovens? The kitchen on the Chinampa near where I live uses a rocket stove called the Lorena, and the so called Horno Chileno, or Chilean Oven, based on the same principle of convection. In fact, even the seemingly primitive predecessor of the Lorena was a rocket stove: A shoddy, rusted through metal bucket, filled with “superadobe” (that is dirt and some leftover cement), and some flat pieces of rubble the pot could sit on. Through a strategically placed horizontal opening on the lower side the air could flow upwards and out the big opening on the top. Not necessarily pretty, but it worked like a charm.

Once the kitchen structure was built, a bigger, nicer, more permanent stove was called for. Enter the Lorena. Under the large square metal tray serving as a stove-top, it is the same convection that makes it work: The air enters through the hole on the left used for feeding the fire. The chimney in the right rear corner draws it along the bricks, providing constant heat. Therefor the left side of the stove has a higher heat, which can burn down quickly, whereas the right side would offer a more constant heat. As for the Horno Chileno, the principle is the same: the air is drawn through the bottom hole, around the drum, and up through the chimney. Inside the bricks offer a flat surface and additional thermal mass for the heat.

Heating the Home Using Convection

Many who are familiar with rocket stoves, would probably continue now with the next logical step: rocket mass heaters. And they are right, when it comes to fuel efficiency and providing a cozy, constant warmth in harsh winter climates, there is hardly anything that could beat a rocket mass heater. In Mexico where I am, however, there really is no need for such contraptions. Instead, the passive solar energy is more than enough, if it is properly used.

The most effective way I have seen passive convection in use, is in Earthships, although the idea itself is ancient, and examples can be seen all throughout North African and Middle Eastern architecture: Cooling tubes / ducts / vents / or simply holes draw cool air from outside, usually from the shady northern side of the building, often leading through thick walls, or in the case of Earthships the berm of dirt piled around the structure. The air inside the building heats up and rises, especially with the aid of the greenhouse on the southern side, and as it escapes through the top vent, it draws more cool air through these tubes behind it. This way, the more heat there is, the more cooling circulation is the result, all completely passively, without any moving parts or energy intake.

image source

This same law of convection is the reason why my black tent is the coolest place in the daytime heat, if set up properly. The flaps on the side are folded in, making it look like it’s floating in the air. As the black tarp is heated in the sun, the air inside is heated as well, escaping through the hole in the center, and pulling in more air from around the bottom. As a result there is constant air circulation going on inside, which together with the shade offers a comfortably pleasant place to chill.

Preserving Perishables Using a Solar Dehydrator

Another super useful way to use convection is to dehydrate food. As it may be well known, what really helps the decomposition (rot) of food is its water content. Remove the water, and the fungi and bacteria who would otherwise make it go bad rather quickly, will have a much harder time. Unlike with jam or preserve making, there is no additional sugar involved, leaving the fruit as it is (only smaller and shrively, due to the lack of water). So how can we get the water out of it? By exposing it to a constant flow of air, following the same technique.

My solar dehydrator consists of a simple plywood box with wire-mesh shelves inside, and a home made solar panel, inclined on its south facing side. The panel is made of recycled beer cans with the tops and bottoms cut off so they can slide into each other, forming a tube of about a meter (yard) long. Ten of these tubes are painted black and placed side by side into an insulated frame, covered by a glass panel. This means, outside temperatures don't need to be really hot for the air to circulate. The direct sunlight is enough to warm up the thin black aluminum tubes under the glass pane, so the air inside them can heat up sufficiently to move upwards through the tubes and into the dehydrator box. There it continues passing through the shelves, taking the moisture from the fruit with it, before leaving through the holes on the top of the northern side, which also functions as door.

This is the first solar dehydrator I have built, but I'm certain it won't be the last. Next time I'll substitute the wire mesh with something that doesn't corrode, and I'll make sure to get a better roof for the whole thing. Other than that, I believe such a dehydrator is an essential infrastructure for any place that produces more food that can be eaten at once, which ideally should be the case for any farm or garden. At the same time, I believe this entire concept of heat convection is not utilized enough, giving us a number of good challenges to work on.

sources: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

#convection #passive solar #heating-cooling #diy #rocket heater #sustainability #permaculture

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reasonsforhope · 9 months

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"Governor Janet Mills announced that Maine has, two years ahead of time, surpassed its goal of installing 100,000 new heat pumps by 2025, a milestone that represents significant progress in reducing Maine’s reliance on heating oil, lowering heating costs, and curbing harmful carbon emissions.

To continue Maine’s momentum, Governor Mills also unveiled a new target: installing another 175,000 additional heat pumps in Maine by 2027, thereby bringing the number of heat pumps installed in Maine homes, businesses, and public buildings during her time in office to 275,000.

If this target is achieved, Maine would have more than 320,000 heat pumps in total installed across the state.

Heat pumps can be thought of as temperature recycling machines. They are filled with refrigerant fluid and contain a compressor, and they work by extracting excess heat and moving it around, either in or out of a house depending on whether it’s hot or cold.

It’s believed they work best in hot weather, but in February, Maine’s temperatures in some places plummeted during a cold snap to -60°F. Efficiency Maine, which aided in the state’s adoption of heat pumps by organizing rebates for customers under the provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act, did a survey of owners they had helped the previous year.

Many of [the heat pump owners] reported they were comfortable and warm, and offered to bring up the fact that by February they had already saved hundreds of dollars on home heating systems, over boilers, gas furnaces, and heating oil.

“We are setting an example for the nation,” said Mills at the announcement event. “Our transition to heat pumps is… curbing our reliance on fossil fuels, and cutting costs for Maine families, all while making them more comfortable in their homes—a hat trick for our state.”

The transition began in 2019 with bipartisan support of the Legislature, when Governor Mills enacted laws setting ambitious targets for transitioning to renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions."

-via Good News Network, July 31, 2023

#maine #united states #us politics #heat pump #fossil fuels #carbon emissions #climate crisis #refrigerant #heating and cooling #air conditioning #heater #cold snap #good news #hope #hope posting #janet mills

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puppetmaster13u · 3 months

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Prompt 200

Danny has found himself reincarnated, for fun! While waiting for Tucker to reincarnate. He’s uh, found himself as a clone now- thankfully stable! But he was apparently also an accident, and overheard some of the people talking about termination, which no thanks?

So apparently he wasn’t exactly an accident per se, they did mean to make a clone, so thank fuck for that! They had apparently grabbed the wrong blood, which he almost snorts at. Kind of hard to do in a tube full of liquid though.

Oh well, he’ll just be leaving now… after he destroys this lab and steals all these files on himself, thank you~ Now, does he want to go on an adventure or find his unwilling donors first…

#Dcxdp #Dpxdc #Prompts #Danny is a Superbat clone #They meant to grab Wonder Woman’s blood but clay doesn’t bleed so #Why yes the league & Co do in fact learn about this lab and arrive about an hour after Danny escapes #He’s already gone by the time they get there but there are a few spare files #Danny is just vibing and testing what powers he has and doesn’t #He’ll miss his intangibility but it’s not like he used it that often during battle #Ooh he’s kept his sharp canines that’s cool #Wow according to his files he’s half alien that’s so cool #He’s sittin on some random mountain while discovering his natural ventriloquism ability & having fun mimicking birds #And is nearly discovered when he discovers the heat vision and burns through part of said mountain #When he IS eventually found the heroes just see this five year old floating above some grass #and trying to Carefully catch some fireflies #Danny is trying to not crush them but it looks a lot like a kid discovering the world for the first time #Fuck it #Superbat

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feuer-bluete · 10 months

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Genuine friendly summer reminder for my fellow fat people.

We have more body than skinny people so we also contain more water and therefore need to drink more. 2 Litres is something skinny people need to drink we need more. I aim for 4 litres a day.

While any waterbased liquid is good try to not drink all 4 litres in coke or soda. I absolutley do recommend sport drinks. Fat people like us, or at least me, sweat a lot in this heat even without sport. Refill those electrolytes. Your body will thank you.

My go to drink at home is a 2 litre jug of water with just enough store bought raspberry or orange syrup that it has a taste thats not water.

Please stay hydrated in this heat and take care of your body. Its the only one you have.

(If you clown on fat people in tags/replies/comments I will hunt you for sport)

#fat people #water #heat wave #heat #no idea how to tag this but please spread this #this is especially for everyone who lives without an AC #your body sweats to keep cool #you gotta refill that shit

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barghesthowls · 1 year

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everyone since july: give her a gun!

#okay but a vampire packing heat is cool #dracula daily #jonathan harker #mina harker

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chaoswarfare · 1 year

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dp x dc prompt #68

Danny’s ice core is very good for enjoying extremely cold temperatures without having to drag around a coat. It even helps cool him down in ghost form, and even in human form when there’s enough ambient ectoplasm.

The problem is that his human form has grown to completely rely on it to keep cool, so when there’s not enough ecto to use and his core has to choose between continuing keeping him semi-alive or continuing cooling him down? That’s when the problems start.

It really was just his luck that he chose to visit Metropolis and one of the more destructive rogues started tearing things apart while he was walking to the college he was scouting. And he really should have expected it when something exploded and suddenly the whole city seemed to be burning.

Clark took too long to get there. It wasn’t as much of a self deprecating thought as a fact. By the time he actually took down the criminal that started all this, three blocks were completely engulfed in flames.

His own heart stuttered when he heard a rapidly fluttering heart that kept stopping and starting erratically in the blaze, but he recovered quickly and swooped down to try and save whoever was unfortunate enough to get caught up in the destruction(he ignored how it seemed like it was already too late, and how he hadn’t seen anyone pull through with a heartbeat like that before.) and landed in the rubble that toppled into the street.

The teenager(oh god, it was a teenager, no older than Connor-) reached out and tangled a hand in his cape as soon as he was lifted off the ground. He kept trying to tug him down so Clark could hear him, and when he finally obliged, the kid took a deep breath and rasped:

“Put me in the freezer.”

…What??

#danny fenton #dc x dp #crossover #dp x dc #dp x dc crossover #writing prompt #writing #funny #superman is so confused #why does this seemingly dying teenager want to be put in a freezer?#danny’s not actually in as extreme danger as it seems like but he seriously needs to cool off #put me in the freezer #what a vibe #imagine just going to tour a college and getting caught in a rogue attack #and then embarrassingly having to ask the local hero to put you in a freezer #i had this idea #because i got heat shock yesterday and it just itched my brain in a funny way for danny to get heat shock too

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crystalflygeo · 1 year

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Sinful voice pt.2 ft “Morax”/Prof!Zhongli + fem!reader (modern AU)

cw/tags: Voice kink, daddy kink, dirty talk, female masturbation, oral and fingering implied but like it's just fantasizing?? petnames (sweetheart, babygirl, dear) Reader is DOWN BAD LMAO and suffers second hand embarrasment.

notes: EVERYBODY SAY THANK YOU @localplaguenurse!!They gave me a F A N T A S T I C idea that just inspired me to continue this wip and ended up not even being featured here yet but HEY... future p3!! //winkwink. That said I did NOT expect how much this would blow up and how ppl loved it and wanted more, y'all gonna make me giddy and/or cry pls (consider checking some of my other stuff too mayhaps? <3) Anyway I REALLY hope this delivers bc boi am I afraid of not meeting expectations vcgvhjbnjnmklal

Weeks had passed since your ‘big discovery’ and you still weren’t quite sure what to do with this information.

At first you chalked it up to just your imagination because… there was no way, right? Your new professor could just have a… similar voice… yeah… that was it.

Except the more you listened to his long-winded explanations the more you picked up certain words and intonations here and there and you knew you were just fooling yourself.

A lot had happened in these last few weeks, from organizing your new living space, to meeting your roommates, to grocery shopping, classes, and you had even considered the idea of maybe getting a part time job somewhere close by. There were plenty of small shops and places around the college campus neighborhood that not only offered valuable services to poor college students but also the opportunity to make a bit of money to help them out.

It had all been rather exhausting and stressing, exams, essays and projects were already starting too…

Lying back in bed you sigh and roll over, feeling the familiar faint throb of desire pooling between your legs, one you’d never really managed to sate with a person so much as with fantasies. But tonight, as you lay awake in bed aching for your usual touch, you feel conflicted.

Ever since that very first day you just couldn’t bring yourself to open up Morax’s website again. Hell, a new month had rolled over and you’d dutifully paid the subscription along with your other usual bills.

Part of you was itching for it, curious, frustrated.

And very very horny.

Thing is, your fantasies had often featured a faceless man, strong, imposing and dominating, taking you like a blushing maiden and making you beg for the pleasure he’d give, allowing him to do anything he wanted with your heated body. Now that man had a face… your history professor Mr. Zhongli.

You used to get off to imaginings of Morax tying you up and having his way with you, teasing you, fucking you into the mattress and making you cum over and over. Now it was Mr. Zhongli. Polite and courteous Mr. Zhongli with his refined gestures and well-mannered demeanor.

You wanted to cum, to reach that high and come undone and let out all the pent-up stress and frustration until you melted into a puddle and didn’t have to think about classes or money or life anymore, but the second your fingers began to rub at your clit, Mr. Zhongli’s voice would hit you with that even tone he used when scolding someone for gossiping during his lecture.

“Disgraceful behavior…”

A hot flash of shame burned at your face but for whatever reason it just turned you on more. You wanted to get fucked so bad you felt like you were going insane. You wanted that man to pin you up against a wall and thrust inside you until you turned into an incoherent moaning mess. You wanted to get bent over at his desk and filled up with cum until you were left gaping and oozing and told what a good girl you are. You wanted to get fucked on your hands and knees squirming and crying from overstimulation.

Lying in bed, you squeezed a pillow against your face and screamed.

You wanted to fuck your handsome history professor Mr. Zhongli.

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It’s barely first period and you couldn’t concentrate.

You were sleepy, hungry and overall, in a bad mood. Standing in line at the cafeteria for a much-needed morning coffee and some snack you yawn and browse around your phone. Math. Gods you hated math.

At least you didn’t have history today. That was a whole other can of worms.

You figured you’d eventually have to get over it but it was just… so bizarre. Mr. Zhongli was quite the popular teacher, you’d learned. Extremely knowledgeable in various topics, a strict but kind and just teacher and good looking on top of all.

No wonder the upperclassmen flocked around him, probably half the campus lowkey had a crush on him, male and female students alike. It was genuinely a miracle he was not married or even had a significant other apparently.

And he was also Morax. Sensual dominating Morax who would just not leave your head-

“Good morning, how may I help you?” The cashier called out cheerfully and you pulled out of your thoughts.

“Morn-”

“Good morning.”

You gasp so sharply you almost launch into a coughing fit; your eyes widen and whole body tenses and oh shit-

Somehow you manage to trip and fall in the clumsiest, stupidest way possible.

“Woah-!”

“Miss?!”

Except you don’t actually fall, but someone manages to hold you, a hand grabbing your arm and the other pressed against your back steadying you as your poor brain goes into overdrive.

That voice!

It’s him!

Too close!

What is he doing here?!

Way too close!!

The seconds it takes for you to react feel like ages as you stare up at Mr. Zhongli like a deer caught in the headlights.

His hands are warm…

His cologne smells soooo good.

His eyes are gorgeous!

He’s so hot!!

“Are you alright Miss l/n?”

“I’M FINE! I-I’m fine!” You yelp, way louder than intended (or normal) and quickly scoot back to put some distance between yourself and the handsome professor. He picks up his dropped bag and dusts it a little, as well as his clothes, still pristine as ever. “I… think I got a little dizzy s-sorry I haven’t eaten yet and… yeah…” You chuckle nervously.

You see him frown slightly. “Going without food for long periods of time can be quite dangerous.” He states, obviously concerned. “Maybe you should head to the infirmary see Dr Baizhu, you look quite pale and the dizziness could be a symptom of low blood pressure. Do you have anything sugary to eat or drink?”

“I w-was about to buy something…”

“It might be best for you to sit down for the moment.” He nods, resolute. “Allow me.”

…And that’s how you end up sitting at one of the nearby small tables with a little glazed donut and a bottle of water, courtesy of your dear history professor.

You stare at the little treat in your hands, half eaten already as he insisted, at least your hands stopped shaking and some color returned to your face. Mr. Zhongli seemed content enough, sitting across from you.

“T-Thank you.” You mumble, refusing to meet his gaze. “How much was it? I’ll pay you back I have som-”

He sees you rummaging through you bag and raises a hand. “None of that, you needed it. I’m glad to see you’re looking a little better, please take care of yourself, health is very important.”

“Um, ok.”

Then he smiles, and it’s gentle, soft. “You’re Miss l/n, right? One of the new students from my history class?”

Huh?

“You didn’t do very well on the essay assignment…”

Ack. You sigh and take another bite of the small donut. “History is just… not my strong suit. Too many dates and names to remember.”

He chuckles and oh God who gave him the right to make that sound? Your skin tingles.

“Fair enough. I know my classes can be a little daunting, I’m very particular about certain topics and tend to ramble sometimes. But I can tell you really put effort into classes and pay attention to my lectures.” He looks pensive for a moment. “Let me propose something. I usually impart some private tutoring sessions to students on more advanced levels, but I could make an exception for you. If you have time available it could help lift your grades.”

You stare up at him in surprise, grateful to not have a mouthful of donut or you would have probably choked again like an idiot. Did you hear that right? A private tutoring session after hours at his office?!

Now that sounded like a title for one of Morax’s audios: Hot professor bangs his stu-NOPE.

“I-I’ll think about it! Sure.”

He nods and gets up, sparing a glance at his watch. “I have to leave now, please do consider it. And do try to eat at more regular intervals and take better care of yourself, you look quite tired.”

A polite way of saying you had marked eyebags, yep.

“I’ll try.” You mumble. Suddenly a little sad to see him go. “Professor… thank you.”

There’s that smile again, you could melt. “You’re welcome, my dear.”

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And yet that night, you’re once again rolling in bed unable to sleep.

My dear.

You couldn’t stop thinking on the whole incident, you’d certainly made a fool of yourself but the memory of his strong arms holding you, touch firm but gentle. The scent of his cologne that you wish had clung more on your clothes.

You really were down bad, this is ridiculous…

You bite your lip.

You shouldn’t. You shouldn’t.

Oh but you will, just one wouldn’t hurt.

Quite the opposite actually…

Unable to contain yourself (or your horniness) you take no time to pop in your earbuds and start scrolling. Hmm… there had been a couple new additions in these last weeks.

You can’t help but wonder why he does these. When. How. You never really considered or thought on it before, Morax has quite a lot of patrons (not a surprise) and thought you know nothing about sound and video recording or editing technically he’s making money just by using that honeyed velvet voice of his. That had to bring in some cash, right?

But then again, if you knew anything about these types of subscriptions it was that they required constancy and that meant hard work and dedication. Did he enjoy these? He really puts in the effort given the amazing quality…

You can’t help but picture your handsome professor unwinding a little after a long day, casual clothes, a cup of that tea he loves and setting up to record those dirty words and sinful moans.

Did he sometimes get worked up about these too? Did he also touch himself during or after recording a particular scenario? Sitting back slightly sprawled on the chair, brow slightly furrowed, stroking his co-

Aaahhhh you needed to stop thinking on him.

…

Yeah right.

“Daddy eats you out and prepares you for his big cock.”

Well, this looks promising.

The audio starts like many others, with some dialogue from him and setting the scene and oh… you had kind of missed the playful teasing tilt of Morax’s voice. You can’t help but chuckle lightly, this scene is so domestic. He calls you “sweetheart”, “babygirl” and there are the kissy noises.

You wish you could kiss him…

“Hmmm… daddy’s gonna get you nice and ready. Spread your legs for me.” Oh, you certainly do. “Daddy’s gonna get down here between them.”

You rub at your tights slowly, sensual, remembering his larger hands.

“Oh your little pussy is already so wet and swollen.” Morax coos, voice soft and airy. “You think it’s already ready I know.” He chuckles. “But you know daddy’s cock is big, yeah, your little pussy’s gonna need to stretch a little bit hm?” A kiss.

You whine.

“Shhh daddy’s gonna make you feel so good sweetheart.”

Lewd wet noises invade your ears and you waste no time starting to stroke yourself, slow and tender. He groans and sighs and you whimper, hips jolting from the bed.

Gods how was he so…

“Yeah… nice and gentle hmm, we’re gonna have so much fun.”

His words were a complete 180 from the long lectures about politics and wars, and yet, his voice…

“D-Daddy…” You sigh. “Please!”

“Oh I love how sensitive your little clit is… you like that babygirl?”

You rub and stroke at the little bundle of nerves and see stars already.

You were so pent up, so needy. Your orgasm was already building too quickly, mewling and whining at his words, his noises, trying to match the pace and follow his instructions.

“That’s a good girl.”

“F-Fuck-”

Your eyebrows furrow, your body trembles and you bit your lip to contain your noises. Morax warns you when he adds a finger, and after a few seconds another, chuckling low at how you clench, praising you, coaxing out your pleasure.

You can only picture him at the end of the bed, licking and sucking obscenely at your juices, pumping those slender fingers in and out, in and out…

That tantalizing voice teasing you, your fingers knotting that dark brown hair tipped amber, golden eyes staring up at you half-lidded but feral and fascinated. Focusing on you. Only you.

“A-Ah! Mhmm…”

“Now I want you to cum babygirl come on, in five… four…”

You stroke and pump faster, frantic, lost in that rapidly approaching high.

“Three… two…”

You cry out, a spark cursing through your veins.

“One… hmmm that’s it my dear.”

“Z-Zhongli…!”

He ushers you out of your release with soft words before saying something else, but your mind is floating and hazy. Your take off the earbuds and place them away catching your breath for a moment, arm draped over your face, the audio still has a long way to go but you’re drowsy and sleepy so you decide to call it a night.

It is only a little later, once you’re done with a quick cleaning and putting everything away, curled up under the covers and dozing off that you realize…

Shit.

You’d called not for Morax but Zhongli.