[...] there is fifth-century literary evidence that choreia at the mysteries could be projected symbolically up to the cosmos. In Sophocles' Antigone (1146-7), for example, Dionysus is addressed, in an Eleusinian context (cf. 1119-21), as 'leader of the chorus of stars that breathe fire'; and the scholiast claims that 'according to some mystic account, he is the chorus leader of the stars.' In Euripides' Ion, the chorus again associates Dionysus with Eleusis, with the torches of the mystai, and with a cosmic dance of the stars and moon. Much later, Dio (Or. 12.33-4) associates a non-Dionysiac choric/astral analogue with thronosis, presenting a closely drawn analogy between choric dancing round the enthroned initiand and the cosmic dance of stars and sun round the earth.
[...]
The common focus of these passages on choric activity, astral symbolism, and torchlight suggests some cultic antecedent; and the multiple pinpricks of fire of initiates' torches presumably prompted the original analogy with the stars. But there will have been more to it than that, for at some point Eleusinian initiands were bidden to look up to the heavens and shout 'rain', then down to the earth and shout 'conceive'. The mystic action of gazing heavenwards is reflected in contemporary literary allusions to mystic star gazing, and perhaps even to visions of the cosmos. Astral symbolism of this sort might have been in the mind of the third-century [CE] presbyter Hippolytus (or that of his source) when he refers to the greater Eleusinia as 'the celestial.'
Alex Hardie, “Muses and Mysteries”
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Marble Head of Alexander the Great Uncovered in Turkey
The head of a statue determined by archaeologists to belong to Alexander the Great, was unearthed during excavations in north-western Turkey.
The marble head, dated to the 2nd century AD, was found at the top of a theater in the ancient city of Konuralp, near modern-day Düzce.
While most parts of the ancient theater have been unearthed during the excavations, similar historical remains such as the head of the Apollo statue and the head of Medusa were previously found in the upper part of the structure.
During the excavations carried out in the Konuralp Ancient Theater excavation area, archaeologists identified an artifact in the ground at the top of the theater area. As they kept digging, they removed the artifact, which appeared to be the head of a bust.
As a result of the consultation of history experts, it was determined that the bust head found belonged to the Macedonian King Alexander the Great.
In a statement, Konuralp Museum provided information about why they determined the bust to belong to Alexander the Great.
“The head, measuring 23 centimeters [from head to neck] was found during the excavations in the ancient theater. It is depicted with deep and upward-looking eyes made of marble, drill marks on the pupil and a slightly open mouth that does not show much of its teeth.
“His long curly hairstyle up to his neck and two strands of hair [Anastoli] in the middle of his forehead are like the mane of a lion. This depiction is a hair type typical of Alexander the Great,” the statement said.
The marble head of Alexander the Great delivered to Konuralp Museum
Historical Konuralp is 8 km north of Düzce; first settlements there go back to 3rd century BC. Until 74 BC, it was one of the most important cities belonging to Bithynia, which included Bilecik, Bolu, Sakarya, Kocaeli.
It was conquered by Pontus and then by the Roman Empire. During the Roman period, the city was influenced by Latin culture, and it changed its name to Prusias ad Hypium. Later on Christianity affected the city and after the separation of the Roman Empire in 395, it was controlled by the Eastern Roman Empire (the later Byzantine Empire).
In 1204, the Crusader armies invaded Constantinople, establishing the Latin Empire. Düzce and its surroundings are thought to be under the dominance of the Latin Empire during this period. Düzce was under Byzantine rule again from 1261 to 1323.
The Konuralp Museum has some rare exhibits. A 1st-century sarcophagus, Orpheus mosaic, the mosaic of Achilles and Thetis and the 2nd-century copy of Tyche and Plutus sculpture are among the notable items in the museum. There are 456 ethnographic items.
In the ethnography section clothes, weapons, and daily-usage articles about the late Ottoman era are exhibited. There are also 3837 coins from Hellenistic to Ottoman era.
By Tasos Kokkinidis.
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Time Travel Question : Assorted Performances Winners: Round 1, Heat I
These Questions are the winners from the previous iteration.
Please add new suggestions below if you have them for future consideration. All time periods accepted. (Yes we have Live Aid.)
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“Stronger than lover's love is lover's hate. Incurable, in each, the wounds they make.”
Euripides, Medea 431 BC
Art: Battling pegases by George Ford Morris 1925
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WAIT, WAIT, WAIT
HOO CANON DIVERGENCE AU, WHERE LEO (COMPLETELY AND 100% DONE WITH HERA) MAKES A BURN BOOK (LIKE FROM MEAN GIRLS) WRITTEN FROM HERA’S POV, WHERE ‘SHE’ WRITES SHIT ABOUT ALL THE OLYMPIAN GODS AND SOME OF THE MINOR GODS. HE DOES IT AFTER HIS ‘DEATH’. IN THIS CASE, CALYPSO WAS TAKEN OUT OF THE ISLAND BECAUSE OF THE PROMISE IN TLA. WHEN HE ‘DIES’ HE GOES BACK TO ECHO AND THEY BOTH WORK TOGETHER ON THE BOOK.
HE LEAVES IT ON MOUNT OLYMPUS’ STAIRS, WRAPPED IN A PACKAGE OR SOMETHING AND HERMES TAKES IT UP. AND ZEUS, WHO ALSO DISLIKES HERA, THROWS HER OUT OF THE ‘OLYMPIAN GODS’ SQUAD THINGY, AND HESTIA RETURNS BACK TO BEING AN OLYMPIAN GODDESS. THE REST WOULD BE HERA TRYING TO FIND OUT WHO WROTE THE BOOK, BUT SHES ALSO PUNISHED CAUSE THE OLYMPIAN GODS DONT LIKE DISRESPECT
HER PUNISHMENT WOULD BE SOMETHING LIKE WHAT SHE DID TO APOLLO AND ARTEMIS’ MOM, SO LIKE- SHE CANT TOUCH GROUND OR BECOME HUMAN, SO SHE MUST BE AN ANIMAL OR SOMETHING TROUGHOUT THE WHOLE STORY
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Artist's reconstruction of the Theater of Pompey. Its auditorium seated 40,000 people. After the Senate house burned down in 52 BCE, the Senate occasionally met here, and it was here that Julius Caesar was killed.
You can still see some of the columns of the Theater of Pompey today:
(Mary Beard, SPQR, chapter 7; NBC news)
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