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#asian indian lion
sitting-on-me-bum · 2 years
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Mighty and Majestic - The Asian Indian Lion
Photographer: Dr Mohnish Grover
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bethanythebogwitch · 1 month
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Wet Beast Wednesday: blue whale
It's the one-year anniversary of my Wet Beast Wednesday posts. My first post was on the smallest of all cetaceans, the vaquita. For the anniversary, I'm going to go to the other end of the spectrum and cover the largest of all cetaceans: the mighty blue whale. Join me as we explore the biggest of bois, the largest of lads, and the absolutest of units.
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(Image: a blue whale at the surface of the ocean, seen from above. It is long, slender, and grey. The head is the widest point and takes up about a quarter of the body. The blowholes are positioned at the back of the head. Two flippers emerge from the body just behind the head. The tail fluke is very broad and pointed. End ID)
Blaenoptera musculus, the blue whale, is divided into four subspecies based on size and location. These are the northern blue whale (B. m. musculus), the north Indian ocean blue whale (B. m. indica), the antarctic blue whale (B. m. intermedia), and the pygmy blue whale (B. m. brevicauda). The northern and pygmy whales are further subdivided into population stocks based on what part of their range they live in. Blue whales are not only the largest cetaceans, they are the largest known animals to have ever existed. There are animals that can get longer, like the lion's mane jellyfish, but blue whales are the most massive animals. There are some extinct species that could potentially meet or exceed the blue whale in size, including some ichthyosaurs, whales, and sauropods, but all those species are known only from skeleton fragments so we can't get a fully accurate estimate of their size. Size varies depending on subspecies and population stock, but the longest group are the eastern north Pacific population, which can reach an average 24 m (79 ft). The antarctic subspecies is the heaviest, averaging 130 metric tons (290,000 lbs) for females. Females are larger than males. The pygmy subspecies is the smallest, though small is a relative term as they can still average 21.3 m (69.9 ft) and 99 metric tons (218,000 lbs). The longest scientifically measured individual was 30 m (98 ft), though there are unconfirmed reports of longer ones. The heaviest blue whale on record weighed 173 metric tons (381,400 lbs), though there are whales estimated to get up to 199 metric tons (438,720 lbs). Blue whales also have the largest hearts of any animal. One specimen measured in at 180 kg (400 lbs). The heart is about the size of a golf cart and 4 or 5 people could fit inside the chambers without having to squeeze. There's a commonly-quoted factoid that a person could swim through a blue whale's arteries without touching the sides. I wasn't able to find any exact measurements to confirm or refute this. I did find some sources saying that the blood vessels are highly elastic so its possible the factoids are talking about the arteries at their most stretched. Each heartbeat moves 220 liters of blood and the total blood volume is estimated at 5,300 liters. The heartbeat can be heard two miles away. I really just want to impress on you that these animals are fucking massive. A study on hydrodymanics suggested that a blue whale couldn't get longer than 33 meters (108 ft) before its metabolic and energy requirements would exceed the amount of food it could eat. Blue whales are verging on what is theoretically the maximum amount of big a whale can be.
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(Image: an illustration comparing the size of a blue whale to other animals and showing their size. The whale is about as long as a line consisting of a polar bear, grizzly bear, human, asian elephant, giraffe, and great white shark. End ID. Source)
Blue whales are baleen whales, meaning that instead of teeth they have thick, keratinous plates called baleen attached to the upper jaw. When feeding, blue whales open their mouths and swim through clouds of krill. The mouth can open to 80 degrees and folds at the bottom let it expand to fit 220,000 liters of water at a time. The whale them closes its mouth and forces water out through the baleen. The baleen acts as a sieve, trapping krill in the mouth to be swallowed. Blue whales target patched of krill with the highest densities as their feeding style requires a minimum of 100 krill per cubic meter to offset the energy cost of feeding. Most mouthfuls provide 8,312 to 475,141 kilocalories of energy, more than enough to offset the cost of feeding. The current estimate for how much krill an adult needs in a day is 1,120 ± 359 kg (2,469 ± 791 lbs) and pregnant females need even more than that. Blue whales will dive in search of food, with the deepest confirmed depth being a pygmy blue whale that reached 506 m (1,660 ft). The deepest known dive from a non-pygmy blue whale was 315 m (1,033 ft). The longest recorded dive was 15.2 minutes and the estimated maximum dive duration is 31.2 minutes. During dives, a blue whale's heartbeat slows to 2 beats per minute, the slowest of any known animal. The elastic aorta seems to take over a lot of the heart's pumping job during this time. Blue whales are streamlined and similar in appearance to the relates sei whales and fin whales. Blue and fin whales are capable of hybridizing and producing fertile offspring. 3.5% of the blue whale genome comes from hybridization with fin whales. While blue whales can produce hybrid offspring with fin whales, the reverse is not true and the gene flow from fin to blue is unidirectional. It appears that all hybrids are the result of a fin father and a blue mother. Interestingly, blue whales do not appear to be capable of hybridizing with the more closely related sei whales. There are unconfirmed reports of blue whale and humpback whale hybrids. And because someone was going to bring it up if I didn't, the blue whale's penis is the largest of any animal at 3 m (9.8 ft) long and 30 cm (12 in) wide and they can release an estimated 17 liters of semen at a time. I know someone out there desperately wanted to know that and to that person I say you're whalecum.
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(Image: a blue whale feeding at the surface of the ocean on its side, seen from above. The mouth is open with the troat and lower mouth inflated. It is swimming into a patch of krill, visible as yellowish coloration in the water. End id)
Blue whales can be found worldwide, though they typically prefer colder water and do not enter the Arctic ocean. They are usually solitary or travel in pairs, but can gather in groups up to 50 strong when food is abundant. Many are migratory, feeding in cold water during the summer and moving toward the equator in winter. They can follow complex migratory patterns that have to be memorized. There are multiple different strategies employed by different populations regarding who migrates when and some populations don't migrate at all. Their vocalizations are used for long-distance and short-range communication and scientists have classified multiple different types of sounds produced. Different populations of whales have different patterns of vocalizations which may be akin to languages or dialects. Blue whale sounds are some of the loudest and lowest frequency produced by any animal and most are too low-frequency to be audible to humans. Mating season happens in winter. Males use vocalizations to attract females, who they then court through special noises, blowing bubbles, inflating their mouths, chasing, and slapping the water with their flippers. Males compete with each other for the chance to mate. Once a female chooses a male, they will mate and then separate. Gestation takes 10 to 12 months. Newborn blue whales are the largest babies in the animal kingdom at 6-7 m (20-23 ft) and 2-3 metric tons (4409 to 6614 lbs). Mother produce between 110 and 320 kg (240 - 710 lbs) of milk daily. Claves are weaned between 6 and 8 months once they hit 16 m (53 ft) and have gained about 17,000 kg (37,500 lbs). Females typically mate every 2 to 3 years. Blue whale become sexually mature at 8-10 years old and can live over 90 years, with the oldest on record being 110 years old. Their age can be determined by earwax, which is laid down in rings like trees.
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(Image: a mother blue whale (background) and calf (foreground). The baby is already very large and is a lighter grey than the mother. The baby is seen from the sied while the mother is rotates to show her underside. End ID)
All blue whale subspecies are classified as endangered by the IUCN, with the antarctic subspecies being critically endangered. Blue whales were heavily impacted during whaling, with their population dropping to the point of near-extinction. Since the end of whaling, populations have risen to an estimated 10,000 to 25,000 as of the end of 2023. This is still smaller than their pre-whaling population, but they have recovered quite a bit. The current largest threats to blue whales are climate change, collisions with ships, and human created noise. The effects of anthropogenic noise from shipping lanes on aquatic animals is still poorly understood, though it seems to greatly irritate and even harm whales, forcing them to change their migratory routes and avoid shipping lanes. Interestingly, as the population has increased scientists have noted changes in courtship behavior and vocalization tone. It is hypothesizes that the increasing population is resulting in greater competitive pressure between males for the right to mate.
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(Image: a blue whale seen from the side. Its head is toward the camera. The lower jaw as larger and thicker than the upper jaw. The animal is streamlined. The eye is just behind the mouth and small. Further back is a paddle-shaped flipper. End ID)
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yama-bato · 2 months
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A Prince Riding an Elephant Holding an Ankush
The ankush has been a symbol of Indian royalty for many centuries. This painting, done in the imperial Mughal court in the 1600s, shows a young prince using an ornate ankush to guide an elephant through the forest.
The Young Emperor Akbar Riding on a Parade Elephant © Museum für Islamische Kunst, bpk Bildagentur, Art Resource NY
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Sultan Muhammad 'Adil Shah and Ikhlas Khan Riding an Elephant
Artist: Haidar 'Ali (Indian)
Artist: Ibrahim Khan (Indian)
Date: ca. 1645
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Indian School, 19th Century
A PRINCE WITH HIS CONSORT HUNTING A LION, NORTH INDIA, 19TH CENTURY
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hobiebrownismygod · 6 months
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Headcanon: Pavitr knows Kalaripayattu and uses it when he fights
History:
Kalaripayattu is an ancient form of martial arts that was specifically designed for the battlefield. It originated in a state named Kerala, in South-western India and is actually fairly similar to Kung-Fu.
In the 13th-16th century, Kalaripayattu was a way of life in Kerala, believed to have been often taught to children as customary training. However, after the British Invasion and imperialism of India, Britain set laws in place to quell any possibility of Indian rebellion, preventing people from practicing or training in this martial art form. After this, it was only taught and practiced in very rural areas in order to avoid confrontation with the law.
Eventually, in the 1920s, it was revived and during a period of traditional rediscovery. There was a rise in the number of Kalaripayattu schools and Kalaripayattu presentations gained a lot of popularity. Now, although still not as well-known as many of the other Asian martial arts, it is a widely-known martial art form in South India and practiced by many.
It is also believed to be the oldest surviving martial art in the world, with a history spanning over 3000 years.
Style:
Like most martial arts, Kalaripayattu focuses on mind over body. Having complete control over your mind is essential to being able to succeed in mastering this art.
Ashtha Vadivu are 8 poses derived from the instinctual movements of wild animals, poses that were designed to make your body more flexible and powerful. They also help the student develop balance and stability.
Maithari are 18 different exercises practiced to achieve peak physical fitness and heightened reflexes. By practicing these, one can strengthen their body and their mind in order to be able to properly participate in combat situations.
Kalaripayattu also involves the usage of different kinds of weapons. Spears, swords and shields are all used, along with maces and really any weapon that can slash, stab or cut. Special wooden whips, knives and staffs can also be used.
youtube
This is an example of a Kalaripayattu tournament!
Headcanon:
In the comics, Pavitr was often bullied because of the fact that he came from a small town and wore different clothes than the other boys in Mumbattan. He was given his powers by an ancient Yogi, gaining the magical powers of a spider.
Because Kalaripayattu is very spiritual and based off the religious myths, it would make sense for Pavitr to incorporate it into his fighting style! I think he would've learned it prior in order to protect himself from his bullies, and eventually began to use it when he fought villains as Spider-man as well.
Its a lethal fighting style with weapons, but in hand-to-hand combat, wouldn't be as deadly so it would make sense for Pavitr to use it when he fights, in order to defend himself or strike his enemies.
Just random thoughts <3
Sources below the cut!
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lxdymoon0357 · 1 year
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Meet my OCs again!!!
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Name: Reo Takahashi
Age: 20 years old
Height: 6'4
Ethnicity: Japanese
Species: Human
Job: Mafia Boss
Personality: He's known to be cruelest Asian mafia to be there in the whole underground fanction, and though that reputation is true to some extent, he is mostly a sweet person to his loved ones and kind of clueless about world, even though he is a mafia he was mostly a protected child.
Likes: Cold coffee, chow-chow, raspberries, koto, resin flower dagger, eyeliner.
Dislikes: Being late, dark chocolate, sausage, uggs.
Yandere type: obsessive, protective, manipulative and loving
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Name: Ceseline Lynea
Age: 16-19 years old
Height: 5'4
Ethnicity: Japanese-Indian
Species: Lion hybrid
Job: A café shop owner/ manager
Personality: Ceseline is well known in her social circle to be motherly, but though that's true, she's also very chaotic and weird, often confusing people if she has a twin. Her duality helps her with her friendships and every single one of her relationship, sometimes she needs to be motherly and calm and other times she can be chaotic and weird.
Likes: Baby animals, swings, Indian sweets, saree, soft blankets.
Dislikes: hunters, people who are rude for no reason, sweaty people, her height
Yandere type: serving, protective, possessive, obsessive
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Name: Emilianna Mylena
Age: 17-19 years old
Height: 5'5
Ethnicity: German
Species: human
Job: Uni student/ part-time barista for Ceseline
Personality: Quite a playful person, loves to spend time with the ones she loves except for her parents, who though were around didn't took part in her raising a lot, only her uncle who was single and she would often spend time with her grandmother, she's quite a sweet person, often helping people she loves and prefers to spend her time alone.
Likes: cranberries, shakes, beaches, volleyball
Dislikes: crowds, people who are loud, pushy people, coffee
Yandere type: Sadistic, caring, possessive, obsessive
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Name: Allistor Hillard
Age: ???
Height: 6'0
Ethnicity: british-latino
Species: half-angel half- demon
Job: Librarian, part-time Assassin
Personality: He was raised by two mothers, he's knows to treat someone nicely despite their colour, age, gender, label, sexuality and Ethnicity. He is deemed the perfect 'boyfriend/husband' material by his friends and he knows how to treat someone the way they deserve to be treated. He loves to give affection, get someone gifts, be of service to someone or be possessive, fight someone, get jealous enough to keep you home, it's one thing he's made about a perfect mix of an angel and a demon.
Likes: rabbits, chai-tea, white chocolate, Rainy days, stone paths
Dislikes: Hot days, Glitter, anybody who tried to belittle or harass anybody for their own pleasure, Annoying people
Yandere type: puppy, servicing, loving, possessive
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Name: Rikurou Takahashi
Age: 20-26 years old
Height: 6'2
Ethnicity: Japanese
Species: human
Job: assassin, hacker, part-time mafia
Personality: Rikurou, Reo's elder brother is somebody who refuses to say he loves his brother, but he shows it, but unlike in front of his brother, he shoes his whole affection in front of his darling. He loves to spoil them as well, though quite delusional and extremely good at manipulation.
Likes: Gaming, vanilla and white chocolate waffles, red velvet waffles with white chocolate, milkshakes, sakura flowers
Dislikes: pollution, marshmellows, cockroaches, mud, beer
Yandere type: Manipulative, manipulative, manipulative, possessive, obsessive, spoiling, servicing, loving
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daniarts19 · 1 month
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The Total Drama Characters if they are animals.
I’m doing a update to my animal au list, just for things
Hosts:
Chris McLean- Weasel
Chef Hatchet - Alligator
Blaineley - Fennec Fox
Josh - Labrador retriever
Don - Golden Eagle
Island/Action/World Tour Contestants:
Ezekiel: Opossum
Eva: Honey Badger
Noah: Aardwolf
Justin: Peacock
Katie: Meerkat
Tyler: Border Collie
Izzy: Red Panda
Cody: Mouse
Beth: Quinea Pig
Sadie: Chinchilla
Courtney: Jackal
Harold: Canadian Goose
Trent: Silver Fox
Bridgette: River Otter
Lindsay: English Cocker Spaniel
DJ: Deer
Geoff: Sea Lion
Leshawna: Brazilian Toucan
Duncan: Grey Wolf
Heather: Snow Leopard
Gwen: Corsac Fox
Owen: Panda
Sierra: Striped Skunk
Alehandro: Jaguar
Revenge Of The Island Contestants
Staci: Parrot
B: Elephant
Dawn: Owl
Sam: Sloth Bear
Brick: German Shepherd
Anne-Maria: Black Panther
Dakota: Flamingo
Mike: Mash Deer
Jo: Spotted Hyena
Scott: Red Fox
Zoey: Gazelle
Lightning: Zebra
Cameron: Rabbit
Pahktiew Island Contestants
Beardo: Bison
Leonard: Pangolin
Amy: Saluki
Samey: Saluki
Rodney: Moose
Ella: Squirrel
Topher: Black Footed Ferret
Dave: Abyssinian Cat
Scarlett: Rat
Max: Mole
Jasmine: Kangaroo
Sugar: Pig
Shawn: Amardillo
Sky: Cheetah
The Ridonculous Race contestants
Tammy - Tapir
Gerry - Cobra
Pete - Rattlesnake
Ellody: Mongoose
Mary: Beaver
Laurie: Alpaca
Miles: Goat
Jen: Ring Necked Parakeet
Tom: Hyacinth Macaw
Kelly: Mink
Taylor: Mink
Mickey: Chipmunk
Jay: Chipmunk
Lorenzo: Tazmanian Devil
Chet: Warthog
Rock: Striped Hyena
Spud: Sloth
Dwayne: Lion
Junior: Lion cub
Crimson: Hawk
Ennui: Vulture
Stephanie: Asian Rhinoceros
Ryan: African Rhinoceros
Carrie: Sheep
Devin: Dhole
Emma: Siamese cat
Kitty: Siamese cat
Jacques: Husky
Josee: Lyxn
Brody: Harbor Seal
Sanders: Doberman Pincher
MacArthur: Pitbull
Total Drama Island (2023) contestants
Caleb: Horse
Axel: Wolverine
Nichelle: Tiger
“Scary Girl” Lauren: Fruit Bat
Damien: Bat eared Fox
MK: Raccoon
Wayne: Reindeer
Raj: Emperor Penguin
Ripper: Spotted Skunk
Zee: Girafe
Chase: Coyote
Emma: Tabby Cat
Julia: Swan
Millie: Hippopotamus
Bowie: Crane
Priya: Indian Peafowl/Peahen
I just hope I do some fanart for their designs and maybe redraws too.
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respondedinkind · 3 months
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~ Character Info Sheet (MAIN VERSE)
name: Khan Noonien Singh
name meaning: Khan, which is more popular as a surname, is a Turkish boy's name meaning "prince". Khan is a shorter form of Khagan, and was originally a historic title given to military chiefs and rulers. Noonien is of Chinese origin and means "gifted one", though it's unclear whether this is accurate or not. Singh is derived from the Sanskrit word सिंह (IAST: siṃha) meaning "lion", and is used in the sense "hero" or "eminent person".
alias/es: John Harrison, created and given to him by Admiral Marcus as a smokescreen to hide his true identity.
ethnicity: Confidential information
one picture you like best of your chara:
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three h/cs you've never told anyone:
During his time under Marcus' command, Khan was not only forced to create powerful weapons and design an entire warship fitting to Marcus' demands, but he was also forced to go through mental as well as physical abuse. Marcus used his crew to control him, threatened Khan to take their lives if he were to disobey; Two of his people died this way, leaving Khan devastated and broken.
Khan is, in fact, not human - this information is confidental, however, and the few papers existing from the time he was risen are locked up somewhere in the archives. Marcus knows, however, with him being of high rank - which is precisely why he wanted to keep and use Khan for his purposes.
During his time as a ruler in between 1992 and 1996, Khan maintained a close relationship to a selected few of his following (mostly males, with a few rare exceptions) - the mentioned relationship included connections of sexual kind, but didn't really turn into romantic love-interests. They all enjoyed each other's company together, as a group, on more than just one occasion.
three things your character likes doing in their free time:
Reading. He enjoys a lot of different genres, prefers the feel of real paper between his fingers, but will also use whatever electronic device is offered to him to entertain himself.
Stargazing. It reminds him of his childhood, back when he'd been risen in the twentieth century; The stars have always fascinated him, perhaps it has to do with his origins.
Cooking. He rarely gets the chance to do so, but Khan enjoys the logical but also creative approach of creating dishes - he's a big fan of the asian as well as indian cuisine.
eight people your character likes / loves: His crew, obviously. Seventy-two people, still within their cryotubes; He would do anything for them, as he knows they would do anything for him in return. He considers them his family, his friends, people he holds most dear.
Besides them, he doesn't keep any close connections at the current time. While residing under Marcus' command, he didn't really care about anyone else, only had the occasional chat with others working at Section 31, but nothing of significant nature.
The rest is entirely thread-dependent; Khan is about to connect to @darehearts, he also feels very close to @sxbaist (in every single Verse) and, besides that, is starting to connect tentatively to a few other muses. (Also very verse-dependent; In his MCU verses he's getting relatively close to @bloodstainedstar and is already deeply in love with @mehrere-musen - in one alien verse he is friends with @noblehcart and in another alien verse he is also deeply in love with @ssolessurvivor)
two things your character regrets:
Having put his people into the torpedoes he'd designed. Back when he'd done it, there hadn't been any other way available for him to try and smuggle them into safety - yet, with how the events unfolded in the end, part of him regrets that he's executed his own plan and, sadly, got discovered in the process, forcing him to leave them behind while escaping alone.
Having put himself as well as his crew into cryotubes to begin with. Back when all of them had been forced into exile, he'd planned for them to sleep a few years while their ship drifted through space, far away from earth, so as to allow them all to resume their lives at another point. That his own cryotube malfunctioned, didn't wake him up within the estimated timespan, he obviously didn't account for; Ten of his friends lost their lives because of that, and, in the end, Marcus found them over two hundred years after the Eugenic Wars had happened, resulting in the whole desaster that followed.
Phobias fears your character has:
The fear of losing someone he loves, either plantonic or romantic. Because of what he's gone through while being held hostage by Marcus, made to witness the death of two of his people caused by the Admiral's hands, Khan ever since experiences the overwhelming fear of being unable to keep someone safe and, therefore, lose them forever. Whoever gets close to him, he intents to protect, and he might become a bit overly protective because of his mentioned fear.
A mild 'fear' of doctors / scientists. It manifests less in actual fear but more in varying stages of discomfort; Because of what he went through as a child as well as under Marcus' command, he's not too fond of being handled by either of them.
tagged by: no one tagging: @bloodstainedstar because I don't think you did this yet. :)
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kaladinkholins · 4 months
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i love being southeast asian.
despite whatever unhappy history, despite the rise of ethnonationalism and racism in our countries; despite the fact that most of us remain in the global south under the invisible thumb of western empires and conglomerates, exploited by rich expats and beg-packers; despite the conservatism, the bigotry, the pain and prejudice and the corruption.
despite all that, i love where i am from. this is my home.
my hands tenderly trace the lines of our history and find within it a colourful collection of influences that continue to shape us until today:
the native malays, javanese, sundanese, minangkabau, bugis, visayan, tagalog, and other dominant peoples.
alongside indigenous tribes like the iban, kadazan, sama-bajau, temuan, penan, jakun, and hundreds upon hundreds more ethnic groups.
all of us holding onto our ancestors' mysticism and spirituality and animism, the watchful gaze of legacy fixed on us as we move through an ever-changing and modernising world (and what is modernity anyway? isn't civilisation overrated?).
and then the chinese peoples. the hainanese, hokkien and cantonese and more, many of whom came here due to trade in the pre-colonial era, but then most arrived as the imported labour for the colonial powers.
but this is their home too. we live here together, and through them we all celebrate lunar new year and the mid-autumn festival. all of us give red envelopes during our many festivals. we give oranges that symbolise prosperity and ring in the year of the rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat. we hold lion dance performances in our malls and marks. we eat and exchange mooncakes.
and then the indian peoples, though mostly tamil indians from south india, but also sikhs, malayalis, and punjabis, who arrived and assimilated and spread their culture and beliefs much earlier before the pre-colonial era, causing the indianisation of southeast asia. then more indian peoples came during the colonial era, again, as imported labour, working our fields or donning the uniform of our common oppressors, kept walled away from us despite how alike we look and sound.
because truly we do sound the same. sanskrit remains an abundant source for a large chunk of our languages. i hear the vedic mantras and can pick apart words that sound familiar. hinduism and buddhism still leaves its traces in our cultures even for those of us who've shifted to islam.
and yes, islam. we're not what the west thinks of when they talk about the muslim world, but southeast asia has some of the largest muslim populations in the world. because through trade, since the medieval times, islam came here and with it brought so many arabic influences that has come to shape our languages and customs, with plenty of our cultures having since been morphed around islamic beliefs and ideas. in malaysia and indonesia and brunei (and perhaps even certain parts of the philippines) you'll find a mosque or a prayer room everywhere you go. and every ramadan millions of us fast, every eid all of us dress up and visit each other's houses for feasts and festivities.
then of course came european colonisation at the hands of the portugese, dutch, british (in malaysia and indonesia's case we got all three), spanish, and french their reigns lasting over 400 years. and from them we came european culture and more new languages, english quickly becoming a second language (or even a first language) for so many of us, missionaries building churches and spreading the word of jesus christ as the son of god; with their fair features they draw a line between us and them, between the civilised and the barbarians, between the light-haired light-eyed and the unruly dark-haired dark-eyed.
and then comes world war 2 and the japanese invasion, and for most it was so brutal and violent, and for the rest it was miserable, with famine and inflation but we were forced to sing songs in japanese anyway, to watch their planes fly in the sky towards their enemies, to swallow their ideas in our parched throats.
and then the war ended and wounds began to heal, and then came the 1980s until now with all its shiny technology: nintendo, panasonic, television and anime, and now we have leagues of people learning japanese language and culture anyway, except now it is done wholeheartedly, and as it turns out japanese isn't even that different from our own cultures anyway. houses on stilts made of wood with thatch roofs, making our living from the sea and coast, eating rice for every meal, our phonetics and theirs so alike.
and today we have waves of their expats migrating here because of course they do, we're the Global South™ and for them it's cheap and affordable, so we have little japans sprouting here and there and sometimes i go to a random street and find signs written in japanese and read bits of broken hiragana.
and it's beautiful, being able to move through this world and find the handprints we've all left upon it. it's a wonderful amalgam of so many traditions and colours and beliefs and language all mixing around in this huge bubbling melting pot.
and i'm not chinese or indian or arab or british but when i see them on tv, i'm also seeing a part of me, i hear the words in their tongue and i recognise them as mine, i eat their food and know them as intimately as my own.
but of course our politicians, our kings and our prime ministers (and the divide-and-conquer rule of colonisers now gone) continue to divide us and make us hate each other, fanning flames of distrust and fear of that-which-is-different.
it's such a shame too, because it's so special. it's what makes us us, our dozens of creoles, the way we can speak a sentence comprising vernacular from at least four languages and we all understand each other anyway.
we have a word in malay, "rojak", which is also the name of a dish that mixes a bunch of different ingredients, and is found in malaysian, indonesian and singaporean cuisine. but where i'm from, we also say "rojak" to mean anything that's an eclectic mixture of things, things that seemingly don't go together and aren't necessarily pleasing to the eye but still, somehow, it works, in fact it tastes good, spicy and flavourful and hearty.
and that's us: southeast asia, all of it, a beautiful rojak culture. and it's ours.
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fatehbaz · 1 year
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Do you have any idea if there were rhinoceros in the Middle East during historic or recent times? Given that, as in some old posts of yours, big felines and elephants were widespread in those areas, the gap between African and Asiatic rhinoceros seems suspicious. Also, do you think that the extinction of large fauna in the Middle East is asociated to deforestation in that region? As I understand it, forests there were larger than in the present.
So sorry that I've only just now seen your message. (I accidentally came across your message when it was displayed to me when I was searching the keyword "rhinoceros" on my own blog.) Great question.
With confidence, I would say that the so-called Fertile Crescent was more densely wooded during the Holocene up to and during the Bronze Age. We know this not just from ecological and paleoenvironmental science but also from clear written historical records that describe the scale of the forests. Forests were so bountiful that, when cedars were cut down and harvested, and then floated down the Euphrates river for transport, the unending rafts of cedar logs appeared like giant snakes ungulating along the river.
Then, with less confidence, we can guess that rhinos would have been rare in southwestern Asia after the end of the Pleistocene, and would have gone extinct earlier in history than other large creatures.
Sounds like you already know that the Fertile Crescent, Anatolia, and southwestern Asia were home to elephants, tigers, lions, cheetahs, leopards, ostriches, and other celebrities in the Bronze Age and ancient worlds. But rhinos?
Basically, my guess is that rhinos could have been present in Anatolia during the construction of Gobekli Tepe and Catal Huyuk, and the rhinos would have been, I'm guessing, the now completely extinct genus Stephanorhinus. The youngest known remains of Stephanorhinus come from Siberia and the Far East, and appear to be between 40,000 and 14,000 years old. This means that we have no clear evidence that Stephanorhinus survived into the Holocene.
The Syrian elephant of the Fertile Crescent, in Hellenistic/Roman iconography:
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Stephanorhinus, from the Late Pleistocene:
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Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus are known to have survived in Late Pleistocene Europe. They both seem relatively common in the Levant during the Middle Pleistocene. Remains of S. hemitoechus are known from Persia. Stephanorhinus also appears on the African continent in the Pleistocene, in modern-day Morocco and along the Mediterranean coast. But S. kirchbergensis seems like it may have been more associated with forests, so I’d guess S. hemitoechus had a better chance of surviving in early Holocene Middle East. I’ve also read that rhino biodiversity was more limited than other creatures by the end of the Middle Pleistocene, so there was less genetic diversity than other types of mammals. This rhino situation differs from the other disappearing megafauna, because the same species the other missing/extinct creatures (Syrian elephant, Caspian tiger, Asiatic lion, Syrian ostrich) still have living relatives within the same genus. But there are no surviving Stephanorhinus creatures left on the planet.
Short answer: remnant populations of Stephanorhinus hemitoechus may have been rare but still present during the early Holocene in southwestern Asia at the time of the construction of the first human cities. (Probably not during, like, Bronze Age, but earlier.)
Here's a look at the distribution range of the white rhino, black rhino, Indian rhino, Sumatran rhino, Javan rhino, Merck's rhino, the woolly rhino, and the legendary Siberian unicorn in the Late Pleistocene, in a map from 2021:
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While the extant Asian elephant was once distributed outside of South Asia and into the west and the Middle East, as far as we can tell the extant Indian rhinoceros only lived as far west as the Indus and/or Bactria.
However, both the Javan rhinoceros and Sumatran rhinoceros -- both of which survive as endangered species today -- lived across China much later in history. During the Bronze Age, both rhino species lived as far north as Beijing and the Yellow River. Like the Asian elephant, the rhinos were pushed farther and farther south as urban areas and dam/river infrastructures were developed. Rhinos survived in the north near the Yangtze and modern-day Shanghai around 100 BC during the ascent of the Han dynasty. By 600 AD, rhinos appear to have still been present at least farther north than Guanzhou/Hong Kong.
Though the woolly rhinoceros appears to have survived in the Late Pleistocene, new eDNA studies from 2021 suggest the woolly rhino may have still been present for a couple thousand more years, until maybe 8000 years ago. But the woolly rhino still didn't seem to live far enough south to be present in the Fertile Crescent. Either way, these rhinos wouldn’t have been in the Middle East during the Holocene.
Here's a look at evidence of rhino presence in China:
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Isn't this impressive? It's the distribution range contraction of both the Sumatran rhino and Javan rhino over the past 3000 years. The Javan rhino, once ranging across the continent, only survives in one tiny population on a single island.
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Anyway, in the Middle East, for those interested:
What we do know for sure is that tigers, lions, cheetah, caracal, and at least 2 subspecies of leopard were all still alive in Levant, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Kurdish land, the Caucasus, and Persia within the last 100-125 years.
Then, we also know that the Syrian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus) was historically present in Palestine, Syria, and Jordan during the 20th century. (During the medieval era, they probably still lived on the Arabian peninsula and western Persia. Gifts of ostriches were given to the imperial Han Chinese court by Parthians, and to Chinese courts by Western Turks in the 600s. Artistic depictions of ostriches still show up in Tang-era China, so ostriches were either still present in Bactria/Sogdiana, or they were present in Persia and shipped along the Silk Road.)
Crocodiles lived along the coastline of the eastern Mediterranean in Palestine into the 20th century. (Whether they were Crocodylus niloticus or Crocodylus suchus is hard to tell. Both species are still alive in Africa and both species were present in Egypt.)
Earlier in prehistory, we of course know about the wacky cave goats of Crete and the dwarf hippos of Mediterranean islands.
We also know that the Asian elephant was more widespread, and present in Anatolia and the Middle East during the Holocene.
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You might have guessed that the elephants known to Greeks and Romans would be the African elephant, given the strong connection between the Hellenistic Mediterranean cultures and Egypt. However, it seems that the Asian elephant that was better known in the eastern Mediterranean. There appears to have been a morph or subspecies of Asian elephant that lived along the Persian Gulf’s northern shore (the "Syrian elephant"). Asian elephant remains from the Holocene have been found in Anatolia and Kurdish lands. In the eastern Mediterranean, Assyrian kings boasted of trapping elephants for sport as recently as 3000 years ago. Also, consistent trade and cultural exchange from Persia meant that the Mediterranean peoples had an awareness of Indian/South Asian relationships with elephants.
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Regarding forests:
The fame of cedar trees in Phoenicia (eastern Mediterranean) would explain why Phoenicians could become so well known for boat-building (ships require wood). More widespread forests would also explain why Caspian tigers could be present in what is now modern-day Iraq and Kurdish land.
Translations of ancient Near Eastern texts discuss woodlands. You’ve probably seen me share this excerpt before:
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While some texts simply allude to environmental degradation, such as the Sumerian gardener Shukallituda’s experimentation with agroforestry in the wake of deforestation ... others contain explicit description of forest clearance, including the claim of Gudea of Lagash (2141-2122 BC), who “made a path” into the forest, “cut its cedars,” and sent cedar rafts floating “like giant snakes” down the Euphrates” [...]. Despite declining biological diversity and productivity, the annals of Ashurnasirpal II [king of Assyria from 883 to 859 BC] describe abundant wildlife and a substantial inventory of domesticated livestock. He claimed to have slain 450 lions, killed 390 wild bulls, decapitated 200 ostriches; caught thirty elephants in pitfalls; and captured alive fifty wild bulls, 140 ostriches, and twenty adult lions. In addition, he received five live elephants as tribute, and “organized herds of wild bulls, lions, ostriches, and male and female monkeys.” At a banquet on the occasion of the inauguration of the palace at Kalhu (biblical Calah), his 69,574 guests dined on 1200 head of cattle and 1000 calves; 11,000 sheep and 16,000 lambs; 500 stags; 500 gazelles; 1000 ducks; 1000 geese; 1000 mesuku birds, 1000 qaribu birds, 20,000 doves, and 10,000 other assorted small birds; 10,000 assorted fish; and 10,000 jerboas - along with enormous quanitites of beer and wine, milk, cheese, eggs, bread, fruit and vegetables, and a vast number of other offerings.[...] Hence, many Indigenous societies were disrupted, reconfigured, and dominated prior to formal colonial annexation. The costs of declining biological and cultural diversity are well documented, as are the costs of disturbance and domination in natural and social systems. A Sumerian epic tale, ‘Emmerkar and the Land of Aratta,’ describes an earlier state of peace and security, ending with man’s fall from grace. Descent into chaos is described in the epic, ‘Lamentation over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur.’ In Western Asia, patterns of [ecological] disturbance and [social] domination emerge with the complex interplay of ascendant Egyptian, Caucasian, Semitic, Indo-European, and Dravidian aristocracies in the fifth millennium BC – patterns that cascade through history.
[End of excerpt.]
Source: Jeffrey A. Gritzner. “Environment, Culture, and the American Presence in Western Asia: An Exploratory Essay.” 2010.
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And yes, I’d say that recent Holocene extinctions in the region would be related to deforestation, at least in the case of the Caspian tiger.
The Caspian tiger had a clear association with the Hyrcanian forests of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea in Persia. These forests resemble temperate rainforests. The distribution of the Caspian tiger throughout Sogdiana and Kwarazmia (modern-day Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) also seemed closely associated with the Amu Darya and Syr Darya river/riparian corridors, which provided narrow avenues of forested habitat amid the vast deserts of the region. During the imperial Russian and Soviet incursions in Central Asia, when irrigation diverted the rivers for industrial-scale agriculture, the Aral Sea dried up and remaining pockets of woodland were destroyed along with the tiger’s habitat.
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The cedar forests of the Fertile Crescent probably hosted oryx and gazelles with nearby populations of Syrian elephant, the Syrian ostrich, the Asiatic lion, cheetahs, leopards, and the Caspian tiger. 
Assyrian princes caught elephants in pitfall traps for sport. It was over 4000 years ago that kings ‘“made a path” into the forest, “cut its cedars,” and sent cedar rafts floating “like giant snakes:” down the Euphrates”’
The tiger. Now a ghost. Gone along with the forests.
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aqua2fana · 1 year
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Homestuck race/ethnicity nationality headcanons
Since the beta/alpha kids are like pure white in the comics my brain immediately envisioned them as white and unfortunately it’s still the first place my mind goes but I do like to think most of them aren’t totally white
The trolls are based mostly on canon references, vibes, their lands in sburb, and their dancestors
John and Jane: white | polish/dutch | american (washington)
They’re white and nerdy sorry
Rose and Roxy: white/middle eastern | french/egyptian | american (new york)
I’m all for french lalondes but I also remembered Roxy’s planet had pyramids and decided they were Egyptian too
Dave and Dirk: white/east asian | spanish/japanese | american (texas)
The striders live in Texas so they’re most likely Spanish descent but they also reference Japanese culture so often that I just had to include it
Jade and Jake: white/pacific islander | english/tongan | american (phoenix islands)
The Britishness is from Jake and the polynesian part is from jade, they’re tan af
Aradia: latina/east asian | mexican/japanese | japanese
I know that canonically she’s supposed to be Japanese so she is part japanese but the dark curly hair, desert climate, obsession with death (day of the dead) made me assume she was Latina the first time I read the comic 🤷‍♀️
Tavros: latino/southeast asian | mexican/filipino | mexican
Man’s obviously latino and I made him Filipino because the actor rufioh is based off is filipino
Sollux: white/east asian | french/korean | canadian (quebec)
French because I immediately decided he was Canadian so french is statistically likely but he also has some Asian vibes so I chose the one country that’s split in two, obviously
Karkat: white | romanian/jewish | american (maine)
Karkat is super pale in such a way that his eye bags are extremely noticeable. He’s Romanian as a reference to vlad the impaler and all the castle ruins in Romania which remind me of his land. He’s Jewish for vibe reasons. Maine for lobsters and and crabs 🦀
Nepeta: white | english/german | american (tennessee)
Because I picture her with blonde hair (like a lions mane). She lives near the Smokey mountains where there are a small population of mountain lions and she’s a crazy wilderness explorer. Think of how cute she’d be with a Tennessee accent
Kanaya: south asian/middle eastern | indian/iranian | american (pennsylvania)
Vibes, imagine her in a sari or any other traditional Indian clothes, she’d be stunning
Terezi: white | greek/irish | greek
The scales, democracy, hello? Also she’s absolutely a red head
Vriska: white | greek/turkish | cypriot
Vriska is definitely white and she’s a pirate so instead of Caribbean (which is mostly black) she’s Mediterranean.
Equius: black | sudanese | american (kentucky)
He’s definitely black and he has locs like you wouldn’t believe. Kentucky because of mammoth cave as a reference to his land and also because of the horse derby
Gamzee: black/white | beninese/portuguese | brazilian
Hes definitely black coded in some ways but the icp are white sooo he’s both. I made him Brazilian for carnival
Eridan: white | scottish/english | american (california)
It’s giving imperialism and Silicon Valley simultaneously
Feferi: white/black | italian/trinidadian | italian
The only reason she’s half white is because I picture her with this light red strawberry blonde hair and it’s also a reference to the Roman Empire. She’s Trinidadian because I headcanon meenah as having a voice like nicki minaj
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the-kitty-hell-system · 10 months
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♡✰ the kitty hell system
》 it/xe collectively (ask for alters pronouns) (BLACK EDIT, ART, AND STIMBOARD REQUESTS R OPEN!!) ♫ hii we are the kitty hell system! we are a c-did system. we are intersex and trans/nonbinary, along with being an arospec enbian lesbian we are bodily an adult, 18+, and are indigneous arab-blasian but are an italian immigrant! (on my black side i am nubian egyptian and maasai tribe. on my asian side i am chinese and indian.) we are sensorily, mentally/intelluctually, and physically disabled! please do note : our caregiver helps us type/talk EVERYTHING. we also use our aac device to help. she helps us understand things, if she isnt there for whatever reason, we may talk in ways people may not understand because on our own our communication is EXTREMELY bad due to our intelluctual disability and autism. we use a screenreader so we'd prefer if you put image ids. also PLEASE put a flash warning or bright color warning on shit. we have epilepsy. we r a furry and a lion therian with several fictionkins. ☾ we are a jazz studies major in university! on this blog we talk about yugioh, bendy and the ink machine/dark revival, amanda the adventurer, cookie run, disability, the lgbtq community, psychology, music/bands i like, poc/culture, team fortress 2, the lion king, coco by disney, inu yasha, five nights at freddies, art, undertale, welcome home, sanrio, webkinz, lps, animals, the muppets, sesame street, dolls/dollhouses, toys, puppets, hades, sparklecare hospital, aesthetics, etc. we are critical of our interests as well. we are emo and apart of cripplepunk. 🖕🏾🖕🏾🖕🏾 dni if... radqueer, radinclus, radexclus, support bi/pan/omni/lesbians/gays (lesbians who say they like men or gays who say they like women), support endogenic systems, pro-contact, support male lesbians or female gays, against nonbinary lesbians, against butch lesbians, against he/him or they/them lesbians, believe able bodied people can be in cripplepunk, believe in narc abuse/cluster b abuse, demonize any conditions, baby any conditions, below 15 years old, fetishize any conditions/races/sexualities/genders, misogynistic, ableist, homophobic, anti-semitic, racist, terfs, proshippers/pro-fic, south park fans, any mihoyo fans, toilet bound hanako kun fans, vivzie pop/helluva boss/hazbin hotel fans, killing stalking fans, idv fans, dsmp fans, ranfren fans, okegom fans, danganronpa fans, harry potter fans, yarichin bitch club fans, homestuck fans, transphobic, shtwt/edtwt, hetalia fans, fakeclaim people, fake disorders in general, transid, anti-neopronouns, anti-xenogenders, anti-kin/therian, thinks blackwashing is real/against black edits, whitewasher, uses slurs they cannot reclaim, intersexist, trump supporter, conserative, bigot, anti-furry, anti-educated self diagnosis, basic dni whateva, etc (srry for the long ass dni list, i keep seeing ppl break it despite its basic ass shit) i reclaim slurs, i will not tag the word queer, i also dont want able bodied people calling me a cripple or non-deformed ppl calling me deformed. thankyou. otherkin side blog : @lesbianvampiriclion stimboard side blog @deerstims banner by inky-trash. icon by me header + icon image IDS below!!
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lgbtqreads · 2 years
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are there any books with queer pakistani characters? and if not, so other south asian characters (indian or bengali)? preferably muslim but anything is okay
Absolutely there are!
The Disasters by MK England (bi YA)
Zara Hossain is Here by Sabina Khan (bi YA)
When the Moon Was Ours by Anna-Marie McLemore (trans YA)
Roses, in the Mouth of a Lion by Bushra Rehman (upcoming Adult - out in December)
Other Names for Love by Taymour Soomro (Adult)
Running With Lions by Julian Winters (love interest in an m/m YA romance)
For Bengali Muslim rep, definitely check out Adiba Jaigirdar's books, and for Indian Muslim rep, try The Loophole by Naz Kutub and Radiant Fugitives by Nawaaz Ahmed.
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scotianostra · 2 years
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On July 9th 1947 Glasgow Zoo opened.
Established by the Zoological Society of Glasgow and West of Scotland, the zoo was located on the old Calderpark Estate in Baillieston.
During its peak, the zoo housed more than 600 animals and attracted around 140,000 visitors per year, but in the end, however, the organisation found itself running out of money, with its facilities falling into disrepair and the safety of its animals being called into question.
Bellahouston Park (to the south west of Glasgow city centre) was the first proposed site for the new Glasgow Zoo in 1938, but this was rejected by project funders.No suitable site within the city centre was found, and by 1939 the Zoological Society had purchased Calderpark Estate, around 10 miles from Glasgow.
Lions were a big draw for visitors to the zoo in the early days.
Because of World War Two, the zoo did not open until 1947, and many of its enclosures were built from war materials, such as concrete roadblocks and former air raid shelters.
Many of Glasgow Zoo's original animal residents were donated from other zoos and sanctuaries, including Soay sheep from St Kilda, and lions from Dublin and London.
Some visitors even brought along their own exotic pets to add to the zoo's collection, such as parrots and monkeys.
Interestingly, Glasgow Zoo was spread over 99 acres of land, compared to the longer lasting Edinburgh Zoo's 82 acres.  In this space, the Glasgow wildlife park housed a range of mammals, birds, reptiles and farm animals. African lions, golden eagles, white rhinoceri, basking sharks, Indian peacocks, Capuchin monkeys, Asian black bears, several snakes and a polar bear were just some of the exotic animals that brought in many visitors over the years.
By the late 1990s, money had begun to dry up as visitor numbers dwindled and public funding tailed off.
To combat this, the zoo unsuccessfully attempted to sell off its unused land, as well as hiring out some of its animals - a move which was criticised by animal welfare campaigners. Animal rights groups became more interested in Glasgow Zoo, and a report from Advocates for Animals (now OneKind) made claims of animal cruelty and reported substantial annual losses.
At the time, Samantha Scott (an animal behaviourist at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies in Edinburgh), said that the zoo's white rhino showed "signs of possible stereotypic behaviour (circling), which is normally associated with difficulties in coping with captive life, or frustrated territorial patrolling."
Several break-ins saw the theft of two non-poisonous snakes and a parrot in 2002. Ultimately, Glasgow Zoo closed in August 2003 - earlier than planned, largely due to the organisation's large debts. 
The zoo's animals were relocated, and claims from the Zoological Society that the space may re-open never came to fruition.
The old zoo site remained untouched for many years, and its enclosures and buildings were vandalised and burned, until the land was cleared to make way for new homes.
Today, there are very few reminders of Glasgow Zoo left, despite the large number of animals it once exhibited and high volume of visitors it once had.
Looking at the pictures I am not sure what to make of them, the conditions didn’t look appealing for the animals, nor visitors, but it is hard to get a handle on it.
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Hi I've been looking for your fairy tail ethnicities head canons so I was wondering do you know where it is or could you post it again if it's not too much trouble, anyway I hope you have a nice day bye
Strange, I can’t find them either for some reason. Oh, well, here!
some aren’t specific because i haven’t chosen a specific country but more of general area
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Natsu & Zeref — Japanese/Indonesian and Filipino
Lucy — Black/French Cuban/Indian
Gray — Blasian (Black (Silver)/Japanese (Mika))
Erza — Blasian (Black/Chinese (Irene) and Japanese from father)
Gajeel — Black, specifically Jamaican is one i really like
Juvia — Afro/Latina and European (Russian)
Wendy — Black
Mirajane, Elfman, & Lisanna — Black (Lisanna has albinism)
Makarov — Russian
Laxus — Russian
Gildarts — Black
Cana — Black (Gildarts) and Romani/Italian (Cornelia)
Levy — Egyptian/Arab/White
Evergreen — Polynesian
Freed — Afro/European
Bickslow — Arab/Taiwanese
Loke — South African (get it? south african lion? i’ll see myself out)
Macao — White
Enno — South Asian
Romeo — Wasian (^ enno is macao’s ex wife so)
Wakaba — Wasian (White/Japanese)
Alzack — Japanese
Bisca — Latinasian
Asuka — Latinasian
Jet — Wasian (White/Japanese)
Droy — Afro/Latino
Max — White
Nab — Black
Reedus — White
Vijeeter — Arab
Warren — Black
Laki — Samoan/Japanese
Kinana — Arab/White
Mest — White
Porlyusia — White
Mavis — Polynesian
Zera — White
Jura — Egyptian
Lyon — Japanese
Sherry — Haitian
Cheila — Haitian/White
Hibiki — Wasian (White/Japanese)
Eve — White
Ren — Blasian (Black/Japanese)
Jenny — White
Jiemma — Black
Minerva — Blasian (Black/Japanese)
Sting — White
Rogue — Black
Rufus — White
Orga — Native American
Yukino & Sorano — Japanese/Arab
Kagura & Simon — Japanese
Millianna — Latinasian/Italian
Araña — Afro/Latina
Beth — White
Risley — Polynesian (also deserves to be chubby rep, why we making chubby characters skinny, mashima?)
Flare — Native American/White (vitiligo)
Jellal — White man, pale, bursts into flames in the sun, Spaniard
Meredy — Arab/Vietnamese
Richard & Wally — White
Macbeth — Black/White (vitiligo)
Erik — Blasian (South Asian/Black)
Sawyer — White
Ur — Japanese/Russian
Ultear — Japanese/Russian
I’ll do a part 2 if you wanna know anyone i missed
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enchanting-jewel · 2 years
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Herbal Glossary!
A
Anise Hyssop
Origin: The name comes from the Greek word hyssopos and the Hebrew word for Azob, a holy herb used for cleaning sacred places. Hyssop is native to southern Europe and the Mediterranean. Benefits: Create a delicious tea to help relieve symptoms of the common cold, such as congestion.
Arnica
Origin: Arnica has been used for its many healing properties for centuries, since its discovery by goat herders who noticed their goats went up the mountains in search of its flowers to heal themselves after falling or stumbling. Benefits: Arnica can help reduce bruising and swelling, as well as muscle soreness from exercise or sports injuries.
Ashwagandha
Origin: In Ayurvedic healing tradition, ashwagandha is recognized as one of the most powerful herbs. Use of this root can be traced back for over 3,000 years. Benefits: This is an adaptogenic herb that can be used to strengthen your immune system and to target the negative effects that stress takes on the body.
Astragalus
Origin: Astragalus is a foundational herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine to support one’s Chi. Benefits: Use astragalus to support a weakened immune system.
B
Blue Lotus
Origin: Blue Lotus was prized above all other plants by the Ancient Egyptians. The plant was associated with the Sun God Ra as the bringer of light. Benefits: Use Blue Lotus to calm the nerves and brighten your mood.
C
Calendula
Origin: Calendula has been considered a magical herb for centuries. Ancient Egyptians used it for their skin, the Greeks and Romans used it as a culinary herb, and in ancient and modern India it is used in wedding ceremonies. Benefits: Use Calendula to support healthy skin, cure stomach ailments, and in culinary dishes.
California Poppy
Origin: The early Spanish settlers of California saw the California Poppy lighting up the coastal hillsides, and it is said they could guide their ships by the sight. Benefits: Use California Poppy as a tincture for mild sedative and analgesic effects and also as an anxiolytic (anti-anxiety remedy). California Poppy contains no opiates, and is non-addictive and safe.
Chaga
Origin: Chaga has been recognized for thousands of years as a powerful healing mushroom. Ancient Asian Folk Medicine practitioners relied on it for balance, and to boost the immune system. Chaga also has a long history of use in Russian and Siberian folklore and herbalism. Benefits: Use it in a tea to boost immunity, energy, and reduce inflammation.
Chlorella
Origin: Known as the “Jewel of the East”, chlorella is a genus of single cell freshwater green algae which is comprised of organisms that have survived as a life form for billions of years. Benefits: Use chlorella to detoxify, support your immune system, and aid in digestion.
Cordyceps
Origin: According to legend, yak herders in the Himalayas of Tibet and Nepal noticed that their yaks grazed on a certain mushroom, they suddenly become very energetic and playful. Benefits: Use Cordyceps in a tincture or powder to increase energy, detoxify the body, stimulate the immune system, and as an overall tonic for the body.
D
Damiana
Origin: Damiana has been used since the times of the Aztecs in Mexico, Central America, and South America. Originally taken during religious ceremonies, it was later banned due to its "passion inspiring properties." Benefits: Damiana helps to boost libido and is known as an essential aphrodisiac.
Dandelion
Origin: Dandelion's common name was apparently invented by a 15th century surgeon, who compared the shape of the leaves to a lion's tooth, or dens lionis. Benefits: Both the Dandelion leaf and root have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat liver, gallbladder, kidney ailments, weak digestion and rheumatism.
E
Echinacea
Origin: Echinacea was the primary medicine of the North American Indians, who used root poultices for wounds, bites, stings, and snakebites. Benefits: Use Echinacea as soon as you feel a cold coming on for powerful immune support.
Elderberry
Origin: “Father of medicine” Hippocrates recognized elderberry’s gifts as early as 400 AD. Elderberry was often called the “medicine chest” of the country folk. Benefits: Elderberry is often used for its ability to boost and balance the immune system and quell coughs, colds, flu, and bacterial and viral infections. Make your own syrup or take as a tincture.
Elecampane
Origin: Elecampane is reputed to owe its genus name "Inula Helenium", to the fabled beauty Helen of Troy. Benefits: Elecampane is wonderful for respiratory health, for digestive health, and can be used as an anti-parasitic.
F
Fennel
Origin: Fennel crops up in Greek mythology, when humanity received a fiery coal from Mount Olympus in a fennel bulb. Hippocrates talked about the medicinal powers of fennel to treat infant colic. Benefits: Fennel Seeds help to relax the smooth muscles of the digestive system, which stimulates bile flow and reduces pain associated with digestion.
G
Ginger
Origin: In Ayuverdic medicine, ginger is called the “universal medicine.” In Chinese Medicine for over 4,000 years, Ginger was used to treat nausea, dysentery and to act as an overall digestive stimulant. Benefits: Use ginger to soothe an upset stomach, a cold, or a case of the flu. Take in tincture form, cook in its dried or fresh form, or brew as a tea.
Gotu Kola
Origin: Gotu Kola is an Ayurvedic herb that was first used in India where it has a reputation for rejuvenating the body and mind. Gotu kola is said to also develop the crown chakra. Benefits: Use this herb in a tea to enhance concentration and memory.
H
Hawthorn Berry
Origin: Hawthorn is a symbol of love and union. The Hawthorn tree is steeped in Celtic mythology and history, with many believing that the trees were inhabited by the Faery Folk. Benefits: Use Hawthorn Berry in a tincture or tonic for heart health and improved circulation.
I
J
Jasmine
Origin: The name “Jasmine” derives from the Persian word Yasmin, meaning "Gift from God.” The flower is sacred in India and the Himalayas. Benefits: Use Jasmine’s uplifting scent to help boost mood. Jasmine is wonderful as a tea or infused in oil.
L
Lavender
Origin: Lavender is probably the most well known medicinal herb. Originally from France and the western Mediterranean, lavender is now cultivated worldwide. Benefits: Lavender can be used as a sleep-aid, to help heal wounds and burns, and to quell anxiety.
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Lemon Balm
Origin: Also known as “Sweet Mary,” “Honey Plant,” and “Cure-All,” this herb has been cultivated as a culinary and medicinal plant for over 2,000 years. Benefits: Use Lemon Balm to combat anxiety, treat wounds, and soothe indigestion.
Linden
Origin: Linden is included in the folk stories and mythology of many different European cultures. In the symbolism of flowers, linden is a symbol of conjugal love, sweetness, peace and happiness. Benefits: Linden flowers have been used traditionally for colds, cough, fever, infections, inflammation, high blood pressure, and headache.
Lion's Mane
Origin: Lion’s Mane has been a staple in Traditional Chinese Medicine for centuries. It’s also known as “deer’s tail,” “satyr’s beard,” and even the “pom pom” mushroom. Benefits: This mushroom has adaptogenic properties and may protect against dementia, reduce mild symptoms of anxiety and depression and help repair nerve damage.
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Maca
Origin: Maca was first utilized by the Incas in Peru. Maca root grows in the mountains of Peru at high altitudes of 7,000 to 11,000 feet, making it the highest altitude growing plant in the world. Benefits: Use Maca as a mood and libido booster, or a hormone stabilizer. Add in powder form to coffee, teas, or smoothies.
Marshmallow
Origin: Stems of marshmallow were originally peeled to reveal the soft and spongy pith. This pith was boiled in sugar syrup and dried to produced a soft, chewy confection. Benefits: As a demulcent it is an agent that forms a soothing film over mucous membranes, relieving minor pain and inflammation of the membrane.
Matcha
Origin: Matcha can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty in China, where citizens would steam tea leaves into bricks, making it easier to transport and trade. Benefits: Matcha is great for boosting the metabolism and is a wonderful alternative to coffee. It is filled with antioxidants and is rich in fiber.
Mimosa Flower
Origin: Mimosa has been called “the happiness flower” and is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to cleanse the heart and liver meridians (energetic pathways) in the body. Mimosa tree bark is also used as a common remedy for generalized muscular discomfort and swelling. Benefits: Use Mimosa Flower for emotional relief, especially from grief or anxiety.
Mucuna Pruriens
Origin: Mucuna Pruriens is classified in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a jing enhancing herb. Jing loosely translates as “life force” or “vital essence." Benefits: Mucuna Pruriens can be used to increase libido, support brain health, and boost mood. Drink as a tonic or in put in smoothies, teas, and coffee.
Mugwort
Origin: Around 1,000 years ago, medieval brewers used Mugwort to make a beer or ale called "gruit.” Mugwort is called the “Mother’s Herb” and is traditionally used for dreamwork. Benefits: Use this herb to aid in lucid dreaming, help regulate periods, and alleviate joint pain.
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Nutmeg
Origin: Nutmeg has a long history of use as a spice, with recorded evidence that the ancient Romans and Greeks enjoyed its warm, aromatic flavor and aroma. Benefits: Use nutmeg to relieve pain, soothe indigestion, relieve insomnia, and improve brain function. Nutmeg can also help protect the liver, improve cholesterol levels, and regulate blood levels.
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Oat Straw
Origin: Archaeological studies show that oats have been found dating from 2,000 BCE and have been used ever since as a valuable source of human and animal nutrition. Benefits: Uses include helping to balance the menstrual cycle, to treat dysmenorrhoea, for osteoporosis and urinary tract infections. Drink in an herbal infusion for maximum benefits!
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Peppermint
Origin: Peppermint was used in ancient Roman, Greek, and Egyptian cultures in both culinary and medicinal forms. Benefits: Use Peppermint as a digestive aid to soothe stomach pains and indigestion.
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Red Clover
Origin: Red clover has been used for 400 years in anti-cancer formulas. Benefits: Because of red clover’s concentration of the phytoestrogens daidzein and genistein, which mimic the activity of estrogen, red clover has been studied for its use in alleviating the discomfort of menopause.
Reishi
Origin: The Reishi Mushroom is one of the most valued plants in traditional Chinese medicine, and is described alongside Ginseng as one of the two most important elixirs. Benefits: Use Reishi for an immune system boost, improved liver function, and to restore hormonal balance.
Rose
Origin: The Greeks, Persians, and Romans all used roses as medicine. The botanical name of the Wild Rose, rosaceae canina reflects how the Romans used it to help treat rabid dog bites. Benefits: Roses have astringent, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and diuretic properties.
Rosemary
Origin: Usage of rosemary dates back to 500 b.c. The ancient Greeks and Romans used it as a culinary and medicinal herb. Benefits: Rosemary can be used for improved concentration and improved digestion. It may help alleviate muscle pain, boost the immune and circulatory system, and promote hair growth.
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Saffron
Origin: Traditional healers have historically used saffron to treat heartache, hemorrhoids, and other kinds of inflammation. Cleopatra was said to bathe in saffron-infused mare’s milk before seeing a suitor. Benefits: Saffron can be used as an aphrodisiac, asthma, dry skin, heartburn, and for baldness.
Sage
Origin: In ancient Rome, the herb was used to heal ulcers, stop the bleeding of wounds, and to soothe a sore throat. The Chinese used sage to treat colds, joint pain, typhoid fever, and kidney and liver issues. Benefits: Sage is known to lower cholesterol, and is a tonic for the liver. Sage is helpful for women’s health, specifically pain from menstruation.
Schisandra
Origin: Chinese folklore and Traditional Chinese Medicine says that Schisandra can "calm the heart and quiet the spirit.��� Benefits: Add Schisandra to your home apothecary for a powerful anti-anxiety tool.
Shilajit
Origin: Shilajit has been known and used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine as a rejuvenator and anti-aging compound. Benefits: Shilajit is useful in the treatment of kidney stones, edema, and hemorrhoids, and as an internal antiseptic.
Spice Bush
Origin: Native Americans originally used the bark, twigs and berries to make teas that could help treat colds, fevers and rheumatism. Benefits: Make a warming and stimulating tea from spice bush to help with both digestion and circulation.
Stinging Nettle
Origin: Stinging nettle, or Urtica dioica, is a flowering plant that is found worldwide. It is native to northern Africa, North America, Asia, and Europe. Benefits: Use Stinging Nettle in a tea to reduce inflammation, help with hay fever, and aid in stabilizing blood sugar levels.
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Thyme
Origin: Thyme’s name is from the Greek word thymos, meaning “strong.” Benefits: Thyme can be used as a nervine herb (to relieve stress) or to help heal respiratory infections. It can also improve digestion and has antibacterial properties.
Tremella
Origin: Tremella comes to us from Traditional Chinese Medicine for overall immune health. Benefits: Use it to help aching joints or muscles, or for complexion and skin health.
Tulsi
Origin: Tulsi or ‘Holy Basil” comes from the healing tradition of Ayurvedic medicine. Benefits: In herbalism, Tulsi is considered to be an adaptogen. Adaptogens can help your body adapt to stress and restore balance. Tulsi is especially good for pain relief, digestive support, and respiratory health.
Turmeric
Origin: Turmeric has been used in ancient Ayurvedic medicine as a cleansing herb. Benefits: Turmeric can aid in reducing overall inflammation and improve digestion. Cook with tumeric, make into a tonic, or take as a tincture!
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Valerian
Origin: Valerian has been used as a medicinal herb since at least the time of ancient Greece and Rome. Benefits: Valerian can be used to ease insomnia and anxiety, reduce pain, and as a muscle relaxant.
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Witch Hazel
Origin: Native Americans have long used the twigs and bark of witch hazel as a medicinal herb for a wide variety of ailments. Benefits: Brew it in a tea to treat a sore throat or common cold.
Wood Betony
Origin: The name Betony comes from Celtic where Bew meant “head” and Ton meant “good.” Benefits: Wood Betony was originally used by both Native Americans and Europeans for its medicinal and aphrodisiac qualities. Use it for headache relief, or as an aphrodisiac.
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Yerba Santa
Origin: It was given its name, “holy weed,” by Spanish priests impressed with its properties. Benefits: Yerba Santa is used for respiratory conditions including coughs, colds, tuberculosis, asthma, and chronic bronchitis
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ACACIA POWDER - GUM ARABIC Treats respiratory illness and diarrhea; magical uses: Protection, psychic and spiritual enhancement, money, platonic love, and friendship.
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL - COCONUT SHELL Emergency toxin removal; teeth whitening; aids kidney health; treats diarrhea and skin infection
ALFALFA POWDER - MEDICAGO SATIVA Revitalizes digestive tract and colon. Decreases irritability and nervousness. Combine with peppermint to make a tonic for the stomach; magical uses: Money, prosperity, anti-hunger
ALKANET - ALKANNA TINCTORIA Provides natural red tint to cosmetics, heals wounds; magical uses: Purification, prosperity. Protects from snakebites and helps ease fear of snakes
ALLSPICE - PIMENTA DIOICA Digestive aid; anti-inflammatory and pain reliever; Immune booster; promotes oral health; Magical: Money, luck, healing, obtaining treasure.
ALOE Used as far back as Ancient Egypt, Aloe Vera heals wounds and relieves sunburn. Part of Cleopatra's daily beauty routine, aloe can be beneficial to many skin issues including psoriasis and acne. It has anti-inflammatory properties can also be topically applied for relief from aching joints and tendonitis. Magical uses: Protection and luck.
ANISE SEEDS (PIMPINELLA ANISUM) calms and builds the nervous system; natural remedy for gas, bloating, cramping, and digestive issues; breaks down mucus- good for bronchitis and asthma; pain-relieving (especially coughs, GI issues, and menstrual cramps). Emotionally good for nervousness and insomnia; Magical uses: Used to help ward off the evil eye, find happiness, and stimulate psychic ability.
ANISE STAR PODS - WHOLE - ILLICIUM VERUM Decongestant and expectorant
ANNATTO SEED (GROUND) - BIXA ORELLANA Treats diabetes, diarrhea, fevers, and fluid retention. Use topically for burns and vaginal infections.
ARROWROOT POWDER Contains potassium, iron, and vitamin B; promotes heart health and boosts immunity; treats toothaches and gum soreness (give babies arrowroot cookies for teething); magical uses: Purification and healing
ASHWAGANDHA ROOT Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb from India that is used for supporting endocrine function, immune function, brain function, whole-body revitalization and emotional balance. This tonic herb is widely used for stress relief, hormone balance, supporting mental health, aiding restful sleep and imparting a sense of holistic wellbeing. Whether you are anxious or fatigued, ashwagandha supports balance and can aid the body, mind and spirit in returning to equilibrium and vitality.
ASTRAGALUS ROOT - POWDER - A. MEMBRANACEUS Astragalus is a prized adaptogenic herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine, lauded for its whole-body rejuvenative and protective properties. It is used as a longevity tonic and to strengthen and protect metabolism, digestion, immunity, energy levels, skin health and whole-body health.
ASTRAGALUS ROOT - SLICES - A. MEMBRANACEUS Magical uses: Protection and energy
BASIL LEAF - OCIMUM BASILICUM Named after the Basilisk, Ancient Greek lore claimed that this herb could cure the creature's petrifying stare and used it to treat snake bites and insect stings. Also traditionally used to detoxify from cannabis in India and the Middle East, Basil can detoxify from drugs that store themselves in fat cells. Can increase sex drive and promote menses. Magical Uses: Love, exorcism, wealth, sympathy, and protection. Dispels confusion, fears & weakness.
BAY LEAF - LAURUS NOBILIS Contain vitamins A & C, iron, calcium, potassium, and magnesium; include in food regularly to promote general health; tea is good for migraines (infuse 3 leaves and juice of 1 lemon in hot water); Magical Uses: Protection, good fortune, success, purification, strength, healing and psychic powers. Also, the herb of poets and the god Apollo (Sun).
BEET ROOT POWDER - BETA VULAGRIS Builds the blood and cleanses the liver. High glucose content. Magical uses: Love Spells
BLACK PEPPERCORN - PIPER NIGRUM reduces inflammation; full of vitamins and minerals; helps with nutrient retention; Banishing negativity, exorcism, and protection from evil.
BLACKBERRY LEAF helps with diarrhea, sore throat, and ulcers; wards off evil spirits; Magical Uses: Healing, protection and money
BLOODROOT - POWDER - SANGUINARIA CANADENSIS Expectorant; Fights bacteria and inflammation
BLUE COHOSH ROOT rheumatism; American Indian female remedy: cramps, back pain, menopause, amenorrhea; used for nerves and spinal injury; depression and brooding; Magical uses: Empowerment, purification, money drawing, love breaking, and driving away evil.
BORAX POWDER - NATURALLY SOURCED Cleaning agent and natural pesticide
CACAO BEANS - THEOBROMA CACAO - ROASTED Cacao is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, nervous system boosting, and stress reducing effects. It's consumption can promote feelings of wellbeing and bliss. The scientific name means "food of the gods", after all!
CACAO POWDER - ROASTED, FAIR TRADE Cacao is renowned for its anti-inflammatory, nervous system boosting, and stress reducing effects. It's consumption can promote feelings of wellbeing and bliss. The scientific name means "food of the gods", after all!
CALAMUS ROOT - POWDER - ACORUS CALAMUS Used by Native Americans as "the Singer's Herb" calamus primarily targets the trachea. Good for laryngitis, halitosis, sinus congestion, asthma, and chronic cough. Magical Uses: Luck, money, healing, and protection
CALENDULA FLOWERS - CALENDULA OFFICINALIS The beautiful, sunny calendula flower contains potent anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties and has a variety of uses. Calendula can be used to speed healing of wounds and skin irritations and also as a tea for a variety of health benefits. Magical Uses: Protection, legal matters, and psychic/spiritual powers
CARAWAY SEED - CARUM CARVI Historically known to prevent things, lovers, and pigeons from straying. Caraway is one of the "four greater hot seeds" of Greek medicine used to stimulate digestion (along with fennel, anise, and cumin). Magical Uses: Health, love, protection, mental powers, memory, passion, and anti-theft. Fidelity in love spells.
CARDAMOM PODS - ELETTARIA CARDAMOMUM Clears the mind; treats coughs, colds, and asthma; treats bloating. gas, and indigestion; treats sickness from damp, hot weather; Magical Uses:Lust, love, and fidelity
CAROB, ROASTED - CERATONIA SILIQUA "the singer's herb", cleanses the throat, good for weight loss and stomach settling; Magical Uses: Health and protection
CASSIA CINNAMON - CHIPS - CINNAMOMUM SP. Anti-diarrheal, treats nausea, abdominal cramping, and gas; helps with menstrual and postpartum issues; staunches bleeding; Magical Uses: Spirituality, success, healing, protection, power, love, luck, strength, and prosperity.
CATNIP - NEPETA CATARIA fever reducer; calming; promotes sleep and digestion; helps with morning sickness; makes cats happy and spunky; Magical uses: Sacred to Bast; should be used in any ritual involving cats or cat deities. Use with rose petals in love sachets. Use in sachets and spells designed to enhance beauty or happiness. Provides protection while sleeping.
CEDAR LEAF - THUJA PLICATA Strong disinfectant; expectorant; treats fungal skin conditions like athlete's foot and ringworm; Magical uses: Confidence, strength, power, money, protection, healing and purification. Used in the consecration of magick wands.
CELERY SEED - APIUM GRAVEOLENS cooling and sedative diuretic; aids kidney function; helps with arthritis, aches, and pains; Magical Uses: Mental and psychic powers, concentration.
CHAMOMILE - POWDER - MATRICARIA RECUTITA Chamomile flowers are powerfully healing, immune boosting and anti-inflammatory. Chamomile is often used in tea for its calming effects. It can also protect skin, lower stress and soothe menstrual cramps.
CHAMOMILE FLOWERS - WHOLE - MATRICARIA CHAMOMILLA Chamomile flowers are powerfully healing, immune boosting and anti-inflammatory. Chamomile is often used in tea for its calming effects. It can also protect skin, lower stress and soothe menstrual cramps. Magical Uses: Love, healing, and reducing stress.
CHIA SEED - SALVIA HISPANICA High in antioxidants, fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and protein; promote cardiovascular health; Magical Uses: Protection and health.
CHILI WHOLE - CAPSICUM ANNUUM Magical Uses: Fidelity, love, and hex breaking.
CHILI, RED ROASTED - POWDER - CAPSICUM ANNUUM May help to promote weight loss and relieve pain
CHLORELLA POWDER Considered a superfood due to its nutrient content; aids in detox
CILANTRO - CORIANDRUM SATIVUM natural food preservative; increases energy; weight loss; anti-inflammatory and anti-fungal; promotes skin health; Magical Uses: Protection of gardeners; brings peace to the home and helps to attune one with their soul. Magical Uses: Draws friends to the home, customers to the business. Promotes eloquence, persuasiveness, and prosperity. Protects and cleanses the aura. Encourages self-expression and creativity
CINNAMON - CINNAMOMUM BURMANNII - POWDER Anti-diarrheal, treats nausea, abdominal cramping, and gas; helps with menstrual and postpartum issues; staunches bleeding
CINNAMON STICK - CINNAMOMUM BURMANNII - POWDER Anti-diarrheal, treats nausea, abdominal cramping, and gas; helps with menstrual and postpartum issues; staunches bleeding
CLOVE POWDER In small doses, heightens senses and is considered an aphrodisiac. In moderate doses, can be used as a sleep aid and pain killer. Good for toothaches, earaches, indigestion, morning sickness, and impotence. Magical Uses: protection, banishing hostile/negative forces, and gaining what is sought
CLOVES WHOLE In small doses, heightens senses and is considered an aphrodisiac. In moderate doses, can be used as a sleep aid and pain killer. Good for tooth aches, earaches, indigestion, morning sickness, and impotence. Magical Uses: protection, banishing hostile/negative forces, and gaining what is sought
COCONUT FLAKE - DRIED, UNSWEETENED High in fiber; raises good cholesterol
COMFREY - SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE Contains allantoin which causes cell growth, leading to its remarkable healing properties. Heals wounds and draws out toxins. It has long been used to heal broken bones. Magical Uses: money, safety during travel, and any Saturnian purpose. Use for workings involving stability, endurance, and matters relating to real estate or property.
CORDYCEPS MUSHROOM POWDER Boosts energy levels and stamina; anti-inflammatory; adaptogenic; anti-aging; performance enhancing; immune boosting
CORIANDER SEED - CORIANDRUM SATIVUM treats chronic indigestion, bloating, gas, or cramps; Magical Uses: Love, health, immortality, and protection.
DAMIANA - TURNERA DIFFUSA Aphrodisiac; relieves stress and tension; antidepressant; promotes digestive health; Magical Uses: Lust, sex magick and attracting love.
DANDELION ROOT - TARAXACUM OFFICINALE Fever reducer; cleanses the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas; use for chronic inflammatory conditions, PMS, and Menopause; sleep aid
DILL WEED - ANETHUM GRAVEOLENS Treats colic and gas, especially in children; stimulates lactation
DONG QUAI allergies, headache, congestion; known as the "Empress of Herbs" for it's ability to regulate the menstrual cycle and menopause; aids bone generation (osteoporosis);
DULSE - PALMARIA PALMATA Promote thyroid and bone health; good source of calcium and potassium; can lower blood pressure and strengthen eyesight; Magical Uses: Lust, harmony in the home, sea rituals and pacifying sea winds.
ECHINACEA AUGUSTIFOLIA helps reduce cold and flu symptoms, indigestion, dizziness, migraines, UTIs, yeast infections, and fatigue; Magical Uses: Adds powerful strength to charms, sachets, and herb mixes.
ELDER FLOWERS - SAMBUCUS NIGRA, ELDERBERRY, POWDER - SAMBUCUS NIGRA, ELDERBERRIES - WHOLE - SAMBUCUS NIGRA The Elder tree was called the "Elder Mother", Queen of the Underworld or Faery. Since faeries kidnap human souls, sleeping under the elder or using it's wood to make cradles was deemed perilous. The tree was also associated with the god Pan, the Lord of the Underworld, whose pipes were made from its hollow stems. Elder is one of the primal remedies of European tradition and was widely planted to be used as a "medicine cabinet". Used to treat the flu, colds, and respiratory infections; also used to make a syrup that boosts immune system in winter; "the great infant remedy"- used for croup, respiratory issues; treats anemia and menstruation problems like fibroids; Magical Uses: Sleep, releasing enchantments, protection against negativity, wisdom, house blessing and business blessing. Used in rites of death & dying to protect the loved one during transport to the Otherworld.
EUCALYPTUS - EUCALYPTUS NITENS Expectorant and antiseptic; used in sinusitis, bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary infection and congestion. Magical Uses: Attracts healing vibrations, great for protection and healing sachets. Use to purify any space.
FRANKINCENSE POWDER - BOSWELLIA CARTERI Immune boosting, anti-depressant, good for asthma and coughing fits; oil good for skin issues and oral health; Magical Uses: Successful ventures, cleansing, purification. Burn for protective work, consecration, and meditation. Used as an offering at Beltane, Lammas, and Yule.
GALANGAL ROOT POWDER - ALPINIA OFFICINARUM Used to treat indigestion, dyspepsia, and hemorrhoids. Said to be a cross between ginger and cayenne. Magical Uses: Magickal uses include winning in court, doubling money, hex breaking and sex magick.
GARLIC GRANULES - ALLIUM SATIVUM One of the most ancient medicines in the world. Antimicrobial and detoxifying, garlic kills foreign bacteria and improves digestion. Stimulates metabolism. Good for cardiac and digestive health. Also known to help nervousness, anxiety, insomnia, and weight loss. Magical Uses: healing, protection, exorcism, repulsion of vampires, and purification of spaces and objects. Used to invoke Hecate.
GINGER ROOT - ZINGIBER OFFICINALE Fever reducer, treats cold or flu; reduces nausea from motion sickness, pregnancy, etc.; improves digestive health; expectorant; blood thinner, increases circulation; SPECIFIC for labor and delivery, connects mother and child in the womb, the tea unites everyone in the room in the spirit of delivery, keeps up strength in long labors (add honey to make blood sugar available); Mix freshly grated ginger with wine and let sit overnight, use result topically for acne or eye inflammation; Magical Uses: Draws adventure and new experiences. Promotes sensuality, sexuality, personal confidence, prosperity, and success.
GINGKO BILOBA - FALL GOLD - GINKGO BILOBA Treats asthma and upper respiratory disorders; symbolizes longevity and enlightenment; improves circulation and cognitive function; Magical Uses: Aphrodisiac, associated with fertility.
HEATHER FLOWERS - CALLUNA VULGARIS Add to a bath for toning muscles and soothing rheumatic pain; antiseptic; diuretic; Good for nervous and menstrual issues; may open portals into the faery realm; Magical Uses: Protection, luck, and immortality.
HELICHRYSUM FLOWERS - WHOLE - HELICHRYSUM ARENARIUM diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral; aids in digestion; treats rheumatism; helps with cystitis and lethargy from PMS
HIBISCUS - HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA anti-oxidant, high in Vitamin C, used to treat cold and flu; aids menstruation; symbol of the goddess Kali; Magical Uses: Attracting love and lust, divination, and dreams.
HOLY BASIL (TULSI), KRISHNA - OCIMUM TENUIFLORUM adaptogen; good for arthritis or fibromyalgia; relieves stress, anxiety, and inflammation
HOPS, FLOWERS - WHOLE - HUMULUS LUPULUS treats diarrhea, constipation, bloating, headaches, weight loss; good for healthy skin, anxiety, and sleeplessness; historically, Hops pillows were used to treat insomnia for both King George III and Abraham Lincoln; often used for male reproductive health and urinary issues; Magical uses: increase the restfulness & serenity of sleep.
JASMINE FLOWER, WHOLE - JASMINUM SP. Boosts energy and immune system; magical uses: Uses include snakebite and divination, clairvoyance
JUNIPER BERRY - JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS Diuretic, treats diabetes and kidney disease and swelling; Good for head colds and PMS; Magical Uses: Banishes all things injurious to good health; attracts good, healthy energies and love.
KAVA KAVA ROOT POWDER relaxant, calming, euphoric effect, Magical Uses: Uses include aphrodisiac; potent sacramental drink; potions; induces visions; astral work; travel protection. Carry for success and job promotion.
KELP POWDER - ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM Treats thyroid issues relating to iodine deficiency; vascular health; cleanses lymphatic system and kidneys
LAVENDER FLOWER POWDER - LAVANDULA SPP., LAVENDER FLOWER, WHOLE - LAVANDULA X INTERMEDIA Treats negative states of the soul (autonomic nervous system); calms nervousness and tension; cleansing; helps with insomnia due to overactive mind; Magical Powers: Magickal uses include love, protection, healing, sleep, purification, and peace. Promotes healing from depression.
LEMON BALM - MELISSA OFFICINALIS Nerve sedative, used for depression, anxiety, and insomnia; treats impotence and aids in conception; Magical Uses: Love, success, healing, and psychic/spiritual development.
LEMON PEEL Thirst quenching; reduces appetite and sugar cravings; treats sore throat, colds, and fevers; Gout ; Neuralgia, arthritis, rheumatism; Good in the summer to relieve heat and Sunstroke (with salt)
LEMON VERBENA - ALOYSIA CITRIODORA Good for the digestive tract; soothes anxiety and insomnia; gentle fever reducer safe for children and the elderly; magical uses: Worn to increase attractiveness or to bed to prevent dreams
LEMONGRASS - CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS combats heat and strengthens connective tissues in the body; aids lymphatic and immune systems;Treats diarrhea, sprains, and pains; Magical Uses: Psychic cleansing and opening, lust potions.
LICORICE ROOT STICKS - WHOLE - GLYCYRRHIZA URALENSIS lubricating, cooling, and sedating to mucosa in coughs and stomach ulcers; Magical Uses: Love, lust, and fidelity.
LOBELIA - LOBELIA INFLATA "Indian tobacco", mimics nicotine, complete relaxant, large dose can induce vomiting; can help with asthma, depression, and memory issues; Magical Uses: Used for attracting love and preventing storms.
LONG PEPPER, WHOLE - PIPER LONGUM Used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat stomach issues: ache, heartburn, indigestion, gas, and diarrhea.
LYCII (GOJI) BERRIES High in antioxidants, these little berries can help protect the eyes against disease, the body from cancer cells, and the liver from damage. They can be beneficial for people with insomnia, depression, and anxiety. they have been known to stabilize blood sugar and boost the immune system.
MACA - LEPIDIUM MEYENII Increase libido and improve fertility, reduce erectile dysfunction, boost energy and endurance, soothe menopause discomfort and side effects
MARSHMALLOW LEAF - ALTHAEA OFFICINALIS cough and sore throat relief; good for skin and respiratory system; Anti-inflammatory; Diuretic; good to balance side effects of chemotherapy
MARSHMALLOW ROOT Palliative for bowel disease (Crohn's and colitis); Good for skin irritation, sore throat, mucus relief; mild laxative properties; Magical uses: Protection and psychic powers.
MATCHA Super antioxidants that promote healthy brains and hearts and assist with weight loss
MISTLETOE Aids grief and emotional pain, mood swings; relieves migraines and tension; Magical uses: Used for fertility, creativity, prevention of illness/misfortune, and protection from negative spells & magick. Hang in the home for protection from lightning & fire. Wear in an amulet to repel negativity & ill will and protect against unwanted advances. Use to draw in customers, money and business.
MUGWORT - ARTEMISIA VULGARIS Associated with Artemis, goddess of the Moon and mother of nature. Restorative to the injured female nature: reduces painful menstrual cramps and PMS, helps to heal after abortion, miscarriage, labor; Helps sooth temperments, insomnia and sleep issues; magical uses: moon magic; Carried to increase lust & fertility, prevent backache and cure disease & madness.
MULLEIN Verbascum thapus - Mullein is a plant that has been used throughout history. Mullein is a light bringer, from Roman times up until recently the leaves of mullein were dipped in wax or tallow and used as a lamp wick or torch. Energetically Mullein summons energies of courage, love, and protection. It is commonly used as a powerful ingredient in an herbal protection amulet to ward off nightmares, unwelcome entities, or in the car for safety while traveling. Medicinally mullein aids one with ailments of the throat and lungs, nervousness, lymph drainage, and pain. It has long been used to treat coughs and sore throats. Its mucilaginous properties can be used as an emollient to bring water to dry, hardened, and closed places. Mullein is also a potent ally when used in herbal smoking blends as it has many benefits for lungs, throat, sinuses, etc. Mullein grows in a sharp upward fashion from the ground, which is analogous to the way it works in the body. When smoked it causes a more open feeling in the head and brain. It is also said to straighten the spine and lubricate the connective tissue. Mullein is not only beneficial to the body, but has a calming effect on the mind allowing those suffering from congested thought patterns and mental tightness to experience release and expansion.
MUSTARD SEED, BROWN - BRASSICA NIGRA, MUSTARD, YELLOW - SINAPIS ALBA Anti-inflammatory, aid in asthma attacks, arthritis, high blood pressure, and migraines; Magical uses: Courage, faith, and endurance.
MYRRH GUM RESIN - COMMIPHORA MYRRHA Medicinal use dates back to 1700 BC. Used topically to cleanse infected wounds; treats diabetes; known as the "cleanser and strengthener of the womb"- treating infections, abnormal discharge, menopause, sore nipples, uterine tumors, and helps pass afterbirth after a difficult labor; Magical Uses: Spiritual opening, meditation, and healing. This herb has high psychic vibrations that will enhance any magickal working.
MYRTLE LEAF - MYRTUS COMMUNIS A sacred plant of Aphrodite, Myrtle is associated with marriage, love, fidelity, and protection. Used to support lung function and treat coughs or respiratory infections. Magical Uses: Love, fertility, youth, peace, and money.
NETTLE LEAF - URTICA DIOICA anti-inflammatory, toxin removal; one of the plants highest in protein; nutritive; used as iron tonic during pregnancy; restores function to inactive or atrophied body parts or systems, muscle strengthener; use for impotence; Magickal uses include dispelling darkness & fear, strengthening the will, and aiding in the ability to handle emergencies. Sprinkle in the home to drive off evil & negativity.
OAT TOPS WHOLE Consumed by humans since prehistoric times, Oat Tops provide much needed nutrients to a depleted system. Great for nerves- use when stressed, overworked, over-extended, exhausted, etc. Restore emotional balance.
OATSTRAW Great for arthritis and rheumatism (fibromyalgia); exhaustion of nervous system; tense shoulders; PMS with headache, exhaustion, panic, or nausea; Magical uses: money and prosperity.
OLIVE LEAF - OLEA EUROPAEA antiviral, antibiotic, antifungal, and antiparasitic; Magickal uses include peace, potency, fertility, healing, protection and lust
ORANGE PEEL - CITRUS SINENSIS Treats cough, bronchitis, and lack of appetite. Magickal uses include love, divination, luck, money and house & business blessing.
ORRIS ROOT mild diuretic and anti-inflammatory; used for sore throats and sinus headaches; Magical Uses: popularity, persuasiveness, and personal success.
OSHA ROOT Traditionally used by hispanic and native american cultures, osha root is used as an antiviral against cold, flu, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Also used for digestion. Magical Uses: Protection against evil spirits
PALO SANTO - POWDER - BURSERA GRAVEOLENS purification, meditation, to increase the flow of the bodies energy, and to ward off bad energy/spirits, misfortune, and calamity
PAPRIKA, SMOKED - CAPSICUM ANNUUM Anti-oxidants, vitamins A and E; boosts energy in spellcraft
PASSIONFLOWER - PASSIFLORA INCARNATA use for anxiety, insomnia, epilepsy, and withdrawal; Magical uses: attracting friendship and prosperity and heightening libido.
PATCHOULI LEAF - POGOSTERMON CABLIN Use topically for pain relief and anti-inflammatory purposes; scent is an aphrodisiac; magically brings money and love
PAU D' ARCO BARK treats diabetes, eczema, STIs, UTIs, and infections; Magical uses: the ritual healing of severe disease
PENNYROYAL History of being used as a contraceptive or abortifacient; helps regulate menstrual cycles and issues; digestive aid; Magickal uses include peace and tranquility. Carried to avoid seasickness or for physical strength & endurance.
PEPPERMINT - MENTHA PIPERITA digestive aid; promotes oral health; soothes headaches, stress, and general discomfort; Magical uses: increase the vibrations of a space or in spells and incense for healing & purification.
PINK HIMALAYAN SALT Boosts electrolytes, soothes a sore throat
PINK PEPPERCORNS WHOLE Anti-oxidant. anti-inflammatory, and antiviral
PLANTAIN - PLANTAGO MAJOR "Drawing agent"- can pull foreign substances out of the body, particularly used for any type of venom as well as infected wounds; treats pink eye and inflammation, abscess in mouth, bladder and kidney infections; Magical uses: Protection from evil spirits and snake bites, removing weariness, healing headaches; house & business blessing.
POPPY SEED, BLUE - PAPAVER SOMNIFERUM Sacred to Demeter, goddess of the harvest; magical use: Pleasure, heightened awareness, love, luck, invisibility.; high in fiber, B vitamins; good for digestive, heart, and immune health
RASPBERRY LEAF - RUBUS IDAEUS The pregnancy herb; suitable for all female reproductive issues and reproductive health; Magical uses: healing, protection, love.
RED CLOVER - TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE Specifically treats the glands of the body and is therefore good for: mastitis, issues with salivary glands or sinuses, cancer, and swollen glands. Magical uses: fidelity, love, money, protection, and the blessing of domestic animals.
REISHI MUSHROOM - SLICES - GANODERMA LUCIDUM sympathetic excess, nervous exhaustion, and adrenal burnout; reduces autoimmune excess; also good for nerve and muscle pains and spasms and conditions like myasthenia gravis, arthritis, chronic degenerative conditions, and autoimmune disease
ROSE BUDS - WHOLE - ROSA DAMASCENA autoimmune; anxiety; high in vitamin C, antioxidant; used for acute respiratory issues; chronic inflammation; Magickal uses include divine love, close friendships, domestic peace/happiness, and lasting relationships.
ROSEHIPS - ROSA CANINA autoimmune; anxiety; high in vitamin C, antioxidant; used for acute respiratory issues; chronic inflammation; magical uses: healing spells and mixtures, brings good luck, calls in good spirits.
SAFFLOWER - CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS remove blood stagnation, adhesions, and bruises; cleanse septic infection
SAGE LEAF - SALVIA OFFICINALIS, SAGE, WHITE PIECES - SALVIA APIANA, SAGE, WHITE POWDER Sore throat (tea w/ honey and lemon); fevers; blood thinner; endocrine stabilizer; treats older people with dryness of skin, hair, mucosa; relieves mental lethargy, depression, poor concentration, loss of memory, grief, insomnia, excessive perspiration; libido stabilizer; magical uses: Used for self purification and dealing with grief and loss. Carried to improve mental ability and bring wisdom.
SASSAFRAS BARK POWDER - SASSAFRAS ALBIDUM diuretic, good for kidney health; boost immune system; reduces inflammation; magical: health, money, overcoming addiction; Magickal uses include health, money and overcoming addictions.
SHIITAKE MUSHROOM - LENTINULA EDODES Used for boosting the immune system, HIV/AIDS, lowering blood cholesterol levels, hardening of the arteries, diabetes, eczema, colds and flu, treating prostate or breast cancer, and as an anti-aging agent. It is also used for hepatitis B, herpes, high blood pressure, and stomach ache.
SLIPPERY ELM BARK - ULMUS RUBRA Good for IBS, bladder problems, cough and sore throat, UTIs, heartburn, GERD; Magickal uses include protection and halting gossip
SPIRULINA POWDER - ARTHROSPIRA PLATENSIS Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, "superfood" full of nutrients; helps manage healthy cholesterol and diabetes
ST JOHNS WORT - HYPERICUM PERFORATUM Used since prehistoric times and often affiliated with fairies and the little people; alleviates anxiety, depression, and stress; add valerian root for insomnia; important wound medicine; Magical uses: Worn to prevent colds & fevers. Placed under pillow to induce prophetic, romantic dreams. Protects against all forms of black witchcraft.
STEVIA - STEVIA REBAUDIANA Can help lower blood pressure and control blood sugar levels; fights cavities
SUNFLOWER PETALS - HELIANTHUS ANNUUS symbol of longevity; Energy, protection, power, wisdom, and wishes.
THYME - THYMUS VULGARIS improves immunity and self-identity; parasympathetic relaxant; enhances digestion; Magical uses: Attracts loyalty, affection, and the good opinion of others. Wear a sprig to ward off unbearable grief or provide strength and courage when needed. Burn or hang in the home for banishing, purification, and to attract good health for all occupants.
TURMERIC - CURCUMA LONGA Increases circulation; promotes the menses; relieves pain in liver and gallbladder
UVA URSI increasing intuitive and psychic powers
VANILLA BEAN POWDER Aphrodisiac; good source of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and manganese; Magickal uses include love, lust, passion, and restoring lost energy
WHEATGRASS SEEDS - TRITICUM AESTIVUM Grows a superfood, great for juicing! Magical: Fertility and conception
WHEATGRASS, POWDER - TRITICUM AESTIVUM Full of nutrients and antioxidants
WHITE PEONY ROOT Helps with excess estrogen; good for regulating menstruation; headaches and discomfort associated with menses; menopause relief; Epilepsy and seizures
WHITE PEPPERCORNS, WHOLE - PIPER NIGRUM Aids in weight loss, protects against cancer and heart disease
WITCH HAZEL LEAF - HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA Good for hemorrhoids, acne control, scalp sensitivity, sore throat, infection, disinfectant; Magickal uses include chastity and protection. Carry to ease grief over a lost love.
YARROW - ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM Used by Achilles to heal his wounded soldiers during the Trojan War; associated with Venus, the Goddess of Love; Used to read the I Ching for millenia; magically connected to the flow of energy; medicinally: wound healing, digestive aid, menstrual aid; Magical Uses include healing, handfasting & weddings, and divination. Draws love. Carry as a sachet or amulet to banish negativity, ward off fear, and promote courage, confidence, and psychic opening. Frequently used in marriage charms and love sachets.
YERBA MATE Boosts energy and mental focus, rich in nutrients and antioxidants, immune booster, may protect against heart disease; Magical uses: Fidelity, love and lust
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garfields-nutz · 1 year
Text
RAHHHH IM THE BIGGEST BIRD
I’m just gonna do random headcannons for random shit RAHHHHHHH
CODMW2-
Soap
Has ADHD (obviously)
Would write like a 5 year old when rushed
You can’t read his texts because they’re damn near what an illiterate person would type
Does not get straight to the point ever, like you ask him a question and he’ll tell you a random fact or a secret he’s kept since elementary school, but never your answer.
You can trust him with your drink at a party, but you sure as shit can’t trust that he won’t drink it.
His favorite drink is Apple Juice.
Ghost
Gets mad at Soap whenever he texts him because he can’t read it
Wears glasses
Speaks Spanish with the thickest British accent ever and his voice gets deeper
You can for real hear him shitting from California. I swear he has them dad shits.
Would not be a good dad 💔
Price
Calls all the 141 his little ducklings
Hears everyone, doesn’t always listen to them.
Has never held a womans hand. Ever.
Idk anything else for Price
R6S
Lion
I SWEAR ON MY LIFE THIS MAN IS SCARED OF DOC I SWEAR ITS CANNON. STRAIGHT UP THAT ONE IMAGE ONG. DO YK WHAT IM TALKING ABT?
Has ADHD
He prefers women with melanin istg. There is no way he would not have a kid mixed w something other than white but he would also go for an Asian woman. HE WOULD GO FOR A BLACK, MEXICAN, ARAB, ABORIGINAL, AFRICAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, INDIAN, SOMETHINGGG THAT IS NOT EUROPEAN.
His favorite drink is also Apple Juice
Prefers winter over everything else
Got into a debate about wether some unknown crime that no one knew, was a not a crime.
Doc
Will never understand why Oliver is so scared of him. Just doesn’t get it.
RBF to the max
Looks like my dad (not a headcannon deadass he does)
Has them dad sneezes
Would be a 10/10 father
DEFINITELY WOULD LET YOU COME INTO HIS OFFICE AND STIM OR INFODUMP ISTG HE WOULD
Tried to learn how to skate but Montange or Oliver or Rook (or all of them) tied a string to one of the wheels and attached it to a door so poor Doc went flying and never tried to skate again.
thats all if you want to request someone I have my lil thingy pinned ❤️❤️ BAIII :3
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