conjunctions - words that are used to link phrases together
情報を加える // Adding information:
しかも besides
そのうえ moreover, on top of that
さらに moreover, on top of that
そればかりか not only that, but also...
そればかりでなく not only that, but also...
情報を対比する // Putting into contrast:
それに対して in contrast
一方 whereas
他の可能性・選択肢を言う // Giving alternatives:
あるいは or perhaps (presenting another possibility)
それとも or (presenting another option within a question)
結論を出す// Drawing a conclusion:
そのため for that reason
したがって therefore
そこで for that reason (I went ahead and did...)
すると thereupon (having done that triggered sth. to happen)
このように with this (adjusting a conclusion to the arguments given beforehand)
こうして in this way
理由を言う // Giving a reason:
なぜなら...からだ the reason is
というのは...からだ the reason is
逆説を表現する // Expressing a contradiction:
だが however, yet, nevertheless (contradicting what one would have expected)
ところが even so (spilling a surprising truth)
それなのに despite this, still
それでも but still (despite a certain fact, nothing changes)
説明を補う // Amending one's explanation:
つまり that is, in other words (saying the same thing using different words)
いわば so to speak (making a comparison)
要するに to sum up, in short
説明を修正する // Revising one's explanation:
ただし however (adding an exception to the information stated beforehand)
ただ only, however
もっとも however (obviating any expectations that might arise through the previous statement)
なお in addition, note that (adding supplementary information)
話題を変える // Changing the subject:
さて well, now, then (common in business letters after the introductory sentence; is often ignored in tranlations)
ところで by the way
안녕하세요! Hey everyone! I recently got an ask about my old masterlist, which is the same as my broken-down masterlist except it has all of my lessons on one page, rather than on multiple separate posts. Some may find this expanded version easier to navigate, so I’ll keep this up for y’all! My broken-up masterlist, of course, will still be available for those who find that more helpful :)
Hangul Lessons
Consonants
Vowels
Writing/Reading Korean Syllables
Some 받침 Rules
Diphthongs
Stroke Order
Some More 받침 Rules
Irregular Verbs
The Basics
Common Phrases
Numbers
Sino-Korean vs. Native Korean Numbers (Instagram Post)
Sentence Structure and Particles
Present-Tense Conjugations and Formal Language
Adjectives
Questions
Honorifics and Casual Language
Beginner
Negative Sentences
잘 and 못
Past Tense
Future Tense (-ㄹ / 을 것이다)
-ㄹ / 을 까요? (Shall we…? / I wonder…?)
-(으)세요 (Giving Commands / Asking Questions)
Telling Time
-고 싶다 (I want to…)
How to Say “And”
-지만 (However)
아/어/여서 (So…)
Negative Commands
Spacing (띄어쓰기)
Adverbs
ㅂ Irregular
Comparatives and Superlatives
난, 날, & 내가
Upper-Beginner
-(으)면 (If…)
아/어/여도 (Even though…/Even if…)
(으)면 되다 / 아/어/여도 되다 (I can…/You may…)
-아/어도 되다: Asking for and Giving Permission (Instagram post)
-(으)면 되다 & -(으)면 안 되다 (Instagram post)
아/어/여야 되다 and 아/어/여야 하다(Have to / Should)
Present Progressive (-고 있다)
How to Say “Or”
-아/어/여하다
All About 중
How to Use -(으)로
Before & After
-ㄴ/은 채로
Intermediate
Describing Nouns with Verbs (-는 것)
Describing Nouns with Verbs - Past & Future Tense (-ㄴ/은 / -ㄹ/을 것)
I learned it's easier to learn verbs in their ない form first, vs. their dictionary form first. Makes recognizing the difference between Godan and Ichidan verbs 100% easier and removes the need to "remember" the "hidden/fake/lying" verbs that parade as the other verb type. The trick to doing it is far easier and I hate how Genki teaches it in the book.
Leaving me with only having to learn the conjugation patterns for Ichidan, Godan, and Irregular verbs. Far, far easier.
- better than duolingo lesson platform; exam style questions
- tongue twisters in spanish
- best spanish homepage (it has everything)
- spanish tutors - quite costly
- translation of 'silly phrases'
- basic spanish 1
- basic spanish 2
- basic spanish 3
- coffee break spanish (youtube)
-foreign service institute basic spanish
- foreign service institute programmatic spanish
-foreign service institute headstart for spain
- foreign service institute headstart for latin america
In the past year or so, I've sunk quite a lot of money in Japanese second hand goods. It's been quite a pleasant experience to browse through many well described offers where most of the time you get exactly what you want, in great condition and for cheap price.
Without further ado, I've compiled a list of useful vocabulary that one may encounter while shopping on Japanese online marketplaces or フリマアプリ.
General condition:
新品 - new item
中古品 - used item
未使用 - unused
未開封 - unopened, sealed
未視聴 - not played (CD, DVD)
開封済 - opened, unsealed
美品 - in mint condition
使用感 - visible signs of use
人の手に渡った - bought from someone else (ie. the person selling is not the first owner of the item)
帯付き - includes obi
特典付き - includes bonuses
Damages:
傷 or 痛み - general imperfections
汚れ - dirt, stains
染み or シミ - stain
皺 or シワ - wrinkle
擦れ or スレ - scratch
日焼け - sun discolouring
書き込み - writing, notes (in a book etc.)
Seller terms:
プロフィール必読 - please read my profile before purchase
即購入 or 即買い - immediate purchase (ie. without contacting the seller first)
値下げ交渉 - price negotiation
バラ売り - selling separately
まとめ売り - selling together
自宅保存 - stored at home
素人保存 - stored by an inexperienced person
確認済み - checked (f.ex. if the CD is playing well)
Phrases you may see in listings:
神経質な方はご遠慮ください。Please refrain from buying if you are sensitive to the item's condition.
読めればいいという方向け。Oriented at people who only care about reading the item (and don't mind the condition).
PCに取り込んで自宅保管しておりました。After ripping (the CD) it was stored at home.
暗所に保存しておりました。It was stored in a dark place.
再生に問題はありません。No problems with playing (CD, DVD).
ペット、喫煙者ございません。No pets or smokers in the household.
ご了承ください。Please accept it (the item, seller's terms etc.) as it is.
突然,虽然,忽然. and the other 然's can often get mixed up, so here's a quick explanation of some of the most common ones!
突然 (Túrán): This means suddenly or unexpectedly
居然 (Jūrán): This kind of means suddenly, but more in the sense of "surprisingly" or to suggest disbelief at something that happened.
忽然 (Hūrán): This also means suddenly or unexpectedly, but it has a more stronger connotation.
既然 (Jìrán): This is a conjunction meaning "since" or "now that"
既然the weather is great, let's go out!
既然 you aren't busy, let's go watch a movie.
不然 (Bùrán): This means "otherwise" or "or else";
You should study, 不然 you won't do well on the exam.
虽然 (Suīrán): This means although or even though.
虽然 I'm not good at singing, I still like to go to the karaoke.
当然 (Dāngrán): 当然 means certainly or definitely and can be used as a reply:
Can you help me with A? 当然!
自然 (Zìrán): This can mean nature or naturally.
China's 自然 is very beautiful.
She speaks Chinese 得很自然.
仍然 (Réngrán): This can mean "still" or "yet".
I仍然 haven't read that book.
依然 (Yīrán): Similar to 仍然, this also means still" or "yet" but it's usually used in more formal and literary works, whereas 仍然 is more often used in spoken language.
果然 (Guǒrán): 果然 can be used to mean "indeed" or "as expected"
This movie is 果然 interesting.
竟然 (Jìngrán): This is an adverb used to suggest surprise or something unexpected.
He竟然forgot her birthday.
显然 (Xiǎnrán): This means "clearly" or "obviously".
This soup 显然 hot.
偶然 (Ǒurán): This means "accidentally" or "by chance".
We 偶然 met at the same cafe.
How many other 然's do you know about? Drop a comment!
In formal settings like in a business meeting or at a public gathering some words are switched with politer forms. You often hear them when somebody is giving a speech, holding a presentation or on TV. But they appear in written form as well, especially in business context. Basically, everywhere where keigo is used, it is also expected to apply politer forms.
i have no assigments and no tests to study for. wtf? im free? 100% free? i will wake up tomorrow and think "what do i have schedule to do today?" and there will be absolute nothing? insane
안녕하세요 여러분! I’m sharing yet another Instagram post with you all--this one is about a bunch of Korean curse words! Very silly, I know, but curse words are a big part of any language and can be fun to learn about! Of course, be careful when using these and please do not use them often--I’m just sharing them for fun and so you can recognize them if you hear them :) I hope you enjoy! 화이팅!
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